The global genome editing market is expected to reach US$ 10,691.0 million by 2025 from US$ 3,210.1 million in 2017; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 17.0% from 2018 to 2027.

According The Insight Partners study on Genome Editing Market Forecast to 2027 COVID-19 Impact and Global Analysis by Technology, Application, End User, The report highlights trends existing in the market, and drivers and hindrances pertaining to the market growth. Factors such as Increase in funding for the genome editing, rising prevalence of the genetic disorders, rise in the advancements for genome editing technology and rise in the production of genetically modified crops are the driving factors for the growth of the market.

Genome editing is a technique that is utilized for the changes that are to be done in the DNA of a cell or an organism. The technique involves cutting DNA sequences for the addition or removing the DNA in the genome. The changes in the genome are done for the required characteristics of the cell. Genome editing is done for the research purpose, the treatment of the diseases, and the biotechnological purpose.

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Market Insights

Increase in Funding for the Genome Editing

The market for genome editing is expected to grow in the coming near future due to the growth factor that is driving the market is the increase in the funding. The different government in the different regions are increasing their funds and grants to develop genome editing research. Owing to genome editings advantages, the various government is supporting their public and private research and academic institutes for increasing the research activities for the genome editing and genetic engineering.

Across the world, funding is being provided by every nation. However, the more funds, for instance, in January 2018 US government announced donating US$ 190 million for research for the next six years. Also, the government is hoping to develop therapies to treat cancer and other diseases using gene editing. In addition, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has kept approximately US$ 45.5 million aside for the next four fiscal years for the Somatic Cell Genome Editing program. Moreover, in the Asia Pacific region, the countries are also investing more in the development of genome editing technology for two-three years back. For instance, in April 2016, Japan invested approximately US$76million for the five years for the creation of Japanese owned genome editing technologies.

Furthermore, the investments are made for private companies operating for genome editing. For instance, in August 2015, Editas Medicine is a company at the forefront of developing the gene-editing technology CRISPR has received US$ 120 million to create a new treatment for the conditions which include cancer, retinal diseases, and sickle cell anemia. Therefore, the rise in the funding for genome editing is likely to drive the market for genome editing in the forecast period. The rise in the funding will enhance the research and development of the gene-editing technologies and products for the researchers for efficient and effective genome editing. The funding will also enable the biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies to develop technologies for the therapies using gene editing to treat and diagnose chronic diseases.

It also includes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the market across all the regions. The Genome Editing Market , by region, is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA), and South and Central America (SAM).

COVID-19 first began in Wuhan (China) during December 2019 and since then it has spread at a fast pace across the globe. The US, India, Brazil, Russia, France, the UK, Turkey, Italy, and Spain are some of the worst affected countries in terms confirmed cases and reported deaths. The COVID-19 has been affecting economies and industries in various countries due to lockdowns, travel bans, and business shutdowns.

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Based on technology, the genome editing market is segmented into transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), antisense RNA and others. In 2017, the CRISPR segment held the largest share of the market, by technology owing to the applications and its benefits offered. The TALENs segment is expected to grow at the fastest rate during the coming years.

Based on application, the genome editing market is segmented into genetic engineering, cell line engineering and others. In 2017, cell line segment held the largest share of the market, by application. Moreover, the genetic engineering segment is expected to grow at the fastest rate during the coming years owing to its sub segments such as animal genetic engineering and plant genetic engineering that are being carried out extensively.

Based on end user, the genome editing market is segmented into biotechnology & pharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations, academic & government research organization and other end users. The market is dominated by the biotechnology & pharmaceutical companies and is expected to surge significantly during the forecast period from 2017 to 2025. The biotechnology & pharmaceutical companies segment is expected gain its market share during the forecast period. Also, biotech & pharmaceutical companies is expected to show a prime CAGR owing to the increasing government funding and partnerships between the various organizations in all the regions.

Genome Editing Market : Competitive Landscape and Key Developments

Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.,Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc.,Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,GenScript,Lonza,Horizon Discovery Group plc,Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc.,New England Biolabs,Editas Medicine,Merck KGaA.

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Genome Editing Market to hit US$ 10691.0 Million, Globally, by 2025 at 17.0% CAGR: The Insight Partners - Digital Journal

One 2021 study looked at the genome of Solanum sitiens a wild tomato species which grows in the extremely harsh environment of the Atacama Desert in Chile, and can be found at altitudes as high as 3,300m (10,826ft). The study identified several genes related to drought-resistance in Solanum sitiens, including one aptly named YUCCA7 (yucca are draught-resistant shrubs and trees popular as houseplants).

They are far from the only genes that could be used to give the humble tomato a boost. In 2020 Chinese and American scientists performed a genome-wide association study of 369tomato cultivars, breeding lines and landraces, and pinpointed a gene called SlHAK20 as crucial for salt tolerance.

Once the climate-smart genes such as these are identified, they can be targeted using Crispr to delete certain unwanted genes, to tune others or insert new ones. This has recently been done with salt tolerance, resistance to various tomato pathogens, and even to create dwarf plants which could withstand strong winds (another side effect of climate change). However, scientists such as Cermak go even further and start at the roots they are using Crispr to domesticate wild plant species from scratch, "de novo" in science speak. Not only can they achieve in a single generation what previously took thousands of years, but also with a much greater precision.

De novo domestication of Solanum pimpinellifolium was how Cermak and his colleagues at the University of Minnesota arrived at their 2018 plant. They targeted five genes in the wild species to obtain a tomato that would be still resistant to various stresses, yet more adapted to modern commercial farming more compact for easier mechanical harvesting, for example. The new plant also had larger fruits than the wild original.

"The size and weight was about double," Cermak says. Yet this still wasn't the ideal tomato he strives to obtain for that more work needs to be done. "By adding additional genes, we could make the fruit even bigger and more abundant, increase the amount of sugar to improve taste, and the concentration of antioxidants, vitamin C and other nutrients," he says. And, of course, resistance to various forms of stress, from heat and pests to draught and salinity.

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The tomatoes at the forefront of a food revolution - BBC News

GAITHERSBURG, Md., Dec. 13, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX), a biotechnology company dedicated to developing and commercializing next-generation vaccines for serious infectious diseases, today announced that it has submitted a regulatory filing to the Ministry of Health and Prevention (MoHaP) for emergency use of its COVID-19 vaccine in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

"The rapid emergence and continuedspread of variants is a stark reminder that no one is safe until everyone is safe in the fight against COVID-19," said Stanley C. Erck, President and Chief Executive Officer, Novavax. "We remain committed to delivering our vaccine, which is based on a proven, well understood platform, to countries around the world as we anticipate that ongoing vaccination will be necessary over the long term to end the pandemic."

Novavax made the submission for the regulatory evaluation by MoHaP of NVX-CoV2373, the company's recombinant nanoparticle protein-based COVID-19 vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant. The filing includes clinical data from two pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials: PREVENT-19, which included 30,000 participants in the U.S. and Mexico and demonstrated 100% protection against moderate and severe disease, 93.2% efficacy against the predominantly circulatingvariants of concern and variants of interest, and 90.4% efficacy overall; and a trial of 15,000 participants in the U.K. that demonstrated efficacy of 96.4% against the original virus strain, 86.3% against the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant and 89.7% efficacy overall. In both trials, NVX-CoV2373 demonstrated a reassuring safety and tolerability profile.

Novavax and Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. (SII) recently received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the vaccine inIndonesiaand thePhilippines, and the companies have filed for EUA inIndiaand for Emergency Use Listing (EUL) with theWorld Health Organization(WHO). Novavax also announced regulatory filings for its vaccine in theUnited Kingdom,Australia,New Zealand,Canada, theEuropean Union, Singapore and with theWHO.Additionally, Novavax and SK bioscience announced a Biologics License Application (BLA)submission to MFDSinSouth Korea. Novavax expects to submit the complete package to the U.S. FDA by the end of the year.

The chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) data package submitted to MoHaP and other global regulatory agencies leverages Novavax' manufacturing partnership with SII, the world's largest vaccine manufacturer by volume. It will later be supplemented with data from additional manufacturing sites in Novavax' global supply chain.

About the NVX-CoV2373 Phase 3 trials

NVX-CoV2373 is being evaluated in two pivotal Phase 3 trials: a trial in the U.K. that demonstrated efficacy of 96.4% against the original virus strain, 86.3% against the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant and 89.7% efficacy overall; and the PREVENT-19 trial in the U.S. and Mexico that demonstrated 100% protection against moderate and severe disease, 93.2% efficacy against the predominantly circulatingvariants of concern and variants of interest, and 90.4% efficacy overall. It was generally well-tolerated and elicited a robust antibody response.

About NVX-CoV2373

NVX-CoV2373 is a protein-based vaccine candidate engineered from the genetic sequence of the first strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease. NVX-CoV2373 was created using Novavax' recombinant nanoparticle technology to generate antigen derived from the coronavirus spike (S) protein and is formulated with Novavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies. NVX-CoV2373 contains purified protein antigen and can neither replicate, nor can it cause COVID-19.

Novavax' COVID-19 vaccine is packaged as a ready-to-use liquid formulation in a vial containing ten doses. The vaccination regimen calls for two 0.5 ml doses (5 mcg antigen and 50 mcg Matrix-M adjuvant) given intramuscularly 21 days apart. The vaccine is stored at 2- 8 Celsius, enabling the use of existing vaccine supply and cold chain channels.

About Matrix-M Adjuvant

Novavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant has demonstrated a potent and well-tolerated effect by stimulating the entry of antigen-presenting cells into the injection site and enhancing antigen presentation in local lymph nodes, boosting immune response.

About Novavax

Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX) is a biotechnology company that promotes improved health globally through the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative vaccines to prevent serious infectious diseases. The company's proprietary recombinant technology platform harnesses the power and speed of genetic engineering to efficiently produce highly immunogenic nanoparticles designed to address urgent global health needs. NVX-CoV2373, the company's COVID-19 vaccine, received Emergency Use Authorization in Indonesia and the Philippines and has been submitted for regulatory authorization in multiple markets globally. NanoFlu, the company's quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccine, met all primary objectives in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in older adults. Novavax is currently evaluating a COVID-NanoFlu combination vaccine in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, which combines the company's NVX-CoV2373 and NanoFlu vaccine candidates. These vaccine candidates incorporate Novavax' proprietary saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies.

For more information, visitwww.novavax.comand connect with us on Twitter,LinkedIn, Instagram and Facebook.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements herein relating to the future of Novavax, its operating plans and prospects, its partnerships, the ongoing development of NVX-CoV2373, the scope, timing and outcome of future regulatory filings and actions, Novavax' plans to submit a complete package to the U.S. FDA by the end of the year, and Novavax' plan to supplement the CMC data submitted to the MoHaP with data from the additional manufacturing sites in Novavax' global supply chain are forward-looking statements. Novavax cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. These risks and uncertainties include challenges satisfying, alone or together with partners, various safety, efficacy, and product characterization requirements, including those related to process qualification and assay validation, necessary to satisfy applicable regulatory authorities; difficulty obtaining scarce raw materials and supplies; resource constraints, including human capital and manufacturing capacity, on the ability of Novavax to pursue planned regulatory pathways; challenges meeting contractual requirements under agreements with multiple commercial, governmental, and other entities; and those other risk factors identified in the "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections of Novavax' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We caution investors not to place considerable reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this press release. You are encouraged to read our filings with the SEC, available at http://www.sec.gov and http://www.novavax.com, for a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date of this document, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the statements. Our business is subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, including those referenced above. Investors, potential investors, and others should give careful consideration to these risks and uncertainties.

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Novavax Files for Emergency Use of COVID-19 Vaccine in the United Arab Emirates - KPVI News 6

Like many of the technologies that are driving innovation in the alternative protein space, plant molecular farming has traditionally been used in the pharmaceutical industry. The practice which involves genetically editing a crop so that its cells produce a desired protein is being discussed as a way to rapidly produce proteins for COVID-19 vaccines.

In the food industry, molecular farming is one route to producing the animal proteins that give egg, dairy, and meat products their visual, taste, and functional properties. Molecular farming allows you to use the exact same protein that would normally be produced by a chicken or cow, without the need for any actual animals.

Moolec Science, a spinoff of Argentina-based agtech company Bioceres Crop Solutions, is probably the most prominent name in molecular farming for the food industry. Moolec already sells chymosin, a cheesemaking enzyme, which the company grows in safflower plants. Theyve also successfully grown meat proteins in soybean and pea plants.

The Moolec team believes that molecular farming can help to bring down the end costs of alternative meat products. (Theres nothing better than low-tech farming to produce at an enhanced scale and low cost, company CEO and co-founder Gastn Paladini told The Spoon back in October.) And they may be right.

Molecular farming can help producers to avoid some of the costly and tricky problems of growing proteins in traditional bioreactors. When you use a plant as your bioreactor, as food scientist and thought leader Tony Hunter pointed out in an article this year, you dont need to worry about maintaining sterile conditions: Plants have built-in immune systems.

Moolec plans to launch its first animal-free meat protein in late 2022 or early 2023. The company is currently working toward regulatory approval for its products and its progress will be an interesting test of regulatory tolerance of Moolecs brand of genetic engineering.

One potential concern for regulators as they scrutinize molecular farming processes will be the possibility of gene flow from modified crops to related plants. Tiamat Sciences, a Belgium-based molecular farming startup, is limiting that possibility by growing its crops in a contained vertical farming system.

Tiamat has plans to expand alongside the cell-based meat industry. By targeting nascent markets on the verge of scale-up, weve already demonstrated significant traction for our solutions and an early revenue potential that is outstanding for a biotech startup, said Tiamats founder and CEO France-Emmanuelle Adil in a recent press release. The company currently produces GRAS-certified, animal-free growth factors for cultivated meat, and also manufactures proteins for the pharmaceutical industry.

Last month, Tiamat announced that it had raised a $3 million seed funding round led by Silicon Valley venture capital firm True Ventures. The company is using those funds to construct a pilot facility in Durham, N.C. so we may see them boost their capacity in the year to come.

Molecular farming startups still have some issues to work out. As Tony Hunter noted in his piece on molecular farming, plant tissue has larger and fewer protein-producing cells compared to the same volume of mammal tissue, making plants less productive as protein factories. And there are costs associated with extracting protein molecules from plants at the cellular level.

Still, the same upsides of molecular farming that make it attractive to the pharmaceutical industry will likely continue to spark interest from alternative protein producers especially as those producers seek ways to bring down the retail prices of their products.

Related

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In 2022, Molecular Farming Startups Will Move Toward Commercialization of Animal-Free Proteins - The Spoon

In an effort to improve treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), researchers headed by teams at Brown University, and Baylor College of Medicine, have for the first time recorded electrical signals in the human brain that are associated with ebbs and flows in OCD symptoms, over an extended period, while individuals went about daily living in their homes. The research could be an important step in making an emerging therapy called deep brain stimulation (DBS) responsive to everyday changes in OCD symptoms.

In addition to advancing DBS therapy for cases of severe and treatment resistant OCD, this study has the potential for improving our understanding of the underlying neurocircuitry of the disorder, said Wayne Goodman, PhD, at Baylor College of Medicine. This deepened understanding may allow us to identify new anatomic targets for treatment that may be amenable to novel interventions that are less invasive than DBS. Goodman is co-author of the researchers published paper in Nature Medicine, which is titled, Long-term ecological assessment of intracranial electrophysiology synchronized to behavioural markers in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OCD causes recurring unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors, and is a leading cause of disability. The condition, which is often debilitating, may affect perhaps 2-3% of the worlds population, the authors noted. Up to 20-40% of cases dont respond to traditional drug or behavioral treatments. Approximately 10% of individuals fail to achieve benefit from any intervention.

Deep brain stimulation, a technique that involves delivering mild electrical pulses via small electrodes precisely placed in the brain, can be effective in treating more than 50% of patients for whom other therapies failed. Over half of patients with treatment-resistant OCD are responders to DBS targeted to the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) region, the researchers further noted. To date, however, the number of patients who have received DBS for OCD is still in the hundreds.

One limitation of DBS is that it is unable to adjust to moment-to-moment changes in OCD symptoms, which are impacted by the physical and social environment. But adaptive DBS which can adjust the intensity of stimulation in response to real-time signals recorded in the braincould be more effective than traditional DBS and reduce unwanted side effects.

OCD is a disorder in which symptom severity is highly variable over time and can be elicited by triggers in the environment, said David Borton, PhD, an associate professor of biomedical engineering at Brown University, a biomedical engineer at the US Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology and a senior author of the new research. A DBS system that can adjust stimulation intensity in response to symptoms may provide more relief and fewer side effects for patients. But in order to enable that technology, we must first identify the biomarkers in the brain associated with OCD symptoms, and that is what we are working to do in this study. As the authors noted, An electrophysiological biomarker of symptom state would enable aDBS for OCD and other psychiatric disorders, which may provide a better approach for treating fluctuations in symptom intensity.

The research, led by Nicole Provenza, a recent Brown biomedical engineering PhD graduate from Bortons laboratory, was a collaboration between Bortons research group, affiliated with Browns Carney Institute for Brain Science and School of Engineering; the research groups of Wayne Goodman PhD, and Sameer Sheth MD, PhD, at Baylor College of Medicine; and Jeff Cohn, PhD, from the University of Pittsburghs Department of Psychology and Intelligent Systems Program and Carnegie Mellon University.

For their study, Goodmans team recruited five participants with severe OCD who were eligible for DBS treatment. Sheth, lead neurosurgeon, implanted in each participant an investigational DBS device from Medtronic, which is capable of both delivering stimulation and recording native electrical brain signals. Using the sensing capabilities of the hardware, the team gathered brain-signal data from participants in both clinical settings and at home as they went about daily activities. The DBS implants used in our study allow for real-time frequency-domain analysis of electrophysiological activity recorded simultaneously during stimulation delivery from the implanted electrodes, they wrote.

Along with the brain signal data, the team also collected a suite of behavioral biomarkers. In the clinical setting, these included facial expression (automatic facial affect recognition; AFAR) and body movement. Using computer vision and machine learning, they discovered that the behavioral features were associated with changes in internal brain states. At the participants homes, the team measured self-reports of OCD symptom intensity as well as biometric dataheart rate and general activity levelsrecorded by a smart watch and paired smartphone application, provided by Rune Labs. All of those behavioral measures were then time-synched to the brain-sensing data, enabling the researchers to look for correlations between the two.

Here, we acquired electrophysiological data with behavioral readouts over both short and long timescales, the team commented. In the clinic, we examined changes in affect (AFAR) during DBS parameter changes over short timescales (seconds to minutes). At home during participant-controlled recordings, we captured behavioral changes (self-reported OCD symptoms) over longer timescales (days to weeks to months) in natural settings, collected continuous data during natural and planned exposures, and developed methods to synchronize behavioral metrics to intracranial electrophysiology.

This is the first time brain signals from participants with neuropsychiatric illness have been recorded chronically at home alongside relevant behavioral measures, Provenza said. Using these brain signals, we may be able to differentiate between when someone is experiencing OCD symptoms, and when they are not, and this technique made it possible to record this diversity of behavior and brain activity.

Provenzas analysis of the data showed that the strategy did pick out brain-signal patterns potentially linked to OCD symptom fluctuation. While more work needs to be done across a larger cohort, this initial study shows that this technique is a promising way forward in confirming candidate biomarkers of OCD. we demonstrated the utility of at-home data collection for biomarker identification by observing correlations between spectral power and self-reported OCD symptom intensity.

We were able to collect a far richer dataset than has been collected before, and we found some tantalizing trends that wed like to explore in a larger cohort of patients, Borton said. Now we know that we have the toolset to nail down control signals that could be used to adjust stimulation level according to peoples symptoms.

Once those biomarkers are positively identified, they could then be used in an adaptive DBS system. Currently, DBS systems employ a constant level of stimulation, which can be adjusted by a clinician at clinical visits. Adaptive DBS systems, in contrast, would stimulate and record brain activity and behavior continuously without the need to attend clinic. When the system detects signals associated with an increase in symptom severity, it could ramp up stimulation to potentially provide additional relief. Likewise, stimulation could be toned down when symptoms abate. Such a system could potentially improve DBS therapy while reducing side effects.

Work on this line of research is ongoing. Because OCD is a complex disorder than manifests itself in highly variable ways across patients, the team hopes to expand the number of participants to capture more of that variability. They seek to identify a fuller set of OCD biomarkers that could be used to guide adaptive DBS systems. Once those biomarkers are in place, the team hopes to work with device makers to implement their DBS devices.

Our goal is to understand what those brain recordings are telling us and to train the device to recognize certain patterns associated with specific symptoms, Sheth said. The better we understand the neural signatures of health and disease, the greater our chances of using DBS to successfully treat challenging brain disorders like OCD. As the authors concluded, This work demonstrates the feasibility and utility of capturing chronic intracranial electrophysiology during daily symptom fluctuations to enable neural biomarker identification, a prerequisite for future development of adaptive DBS for OCD and other psychiatric disorders, the author concluded. The platform presented here lays the groundwork for future transformational studies reliant on ecological neural and behavioral monitoring and assessment of neuropsychiatric illness.

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Electrical and Behavioral Signals in OCD Could Guide Adaptive Therapy - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

Cancer chemotherapy has undergone a paradigm shift in recent years with traditional treatments like broad-spectrum cytotoxic agents being complemented or replaced by drugs that target specific genes believed to drive the onset and progression of the disease.

This more personalized approach to chemotherapy became possible when genomic profiling of individual patient tumors led researchers to identify specific "cancer driver genes" that, when mutated or abnormally expressed, led to the onset and development of cancer.

Different types of cancer like lung cancer versus breast cancer and, to some extent, different patients diagnosed with the same cancer type show variations in the cancer driver genes believed to be responsible for disease onset and progression. For example, the therapeutic drug Herceptin is commonly used to treat breast cancer patients when its target gene, HER-2, is found to be over-expressed, says John F. McDonald, professor in the School of Biological Sciences.

McDonald explains that, currently, the identification of potential targets for gene therapy relies almost exclusively on genomic analyses of tumors that identify cancer driver genes that are significantly over-expressed.

But in their latest study, McDonald and Bioinformatics Ph.D. student Zainab Arshad have found that another important class of genetic changes may be happening in places where scientists dont normally look: the network of gene-gene interactions associated with cancer onset and progression.

Genes and the proteins they encode do not operate in isolation from one another, McDonald says. Rather, they communicate with one another in a highly integrated network of interactions.

What I think is most remarkable about our findings is that the vast majority of changes more than 90% in the network of interactions accompanying cancer are not associated with genes displaying changes in their expression, adds Arshad, co-author of the paper. What this means is that genes playing a central role in bringing about changes in network structure associated with cancer the hub genes may be important new targets for gene therapy that can go undetected by gene expression analyses.

Their research paper Changes in gene-gene interactions associated with cancer onset and progression are largely independent of changes in gene expression is published in the journal iScience.

Mutations, expression and changes in network structure

In the study, Arshad and McDonald worked with samples of brain, thyroid, breast, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin, kidney, ovarian, and acute myeloid leukemia cancers and they noticed differences in cell network structure for each of these cancers as they progressed from early to later stages.

When early-stage cancers develop, and stayed confined to their body tissue of origin, they noted a reduction in network complexity relative to normal pre-cursor cells. Normal, healthy cells are highly differentiated, but as they transition to cancer, [T]hey go through a process of de-differentiation to a more primitive or stem cell-like state. Its known from developmental biology that as cells transition from early embryonic stem cells to highly specialized fully differentiated cells, network complexity increases. What we see in the transition from normal to early-stage cancers is a reversal of this process, McDonald explains.

McDonald says as the cancers progress to advanced stages, when they can spread or metastasize to other parts of the body, [W]e observe re-establishment of high levels of network complexity, but the genes comprising the complex networks associated with advanced cancers are quite different from those comprising the complex networks associated with the precursor normal tissues.

As cancers evolve in function, they are typically associated with changes in DNA structure, and/or with changes in the RNA expression of cancer driver genes. Our results indicate that theres an important third class of changes going on changes in gene interactions and many of these changes are not detectable if all youre looking for are changes in gene expression.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103522

Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the Mark Light Integrated Cancer Research Center Student Fellowship , the Deborah Nash Endowment Fund , and the Ovarian Cancer Institute (Atlanta), where John F. McDonald serves as chief research officer. The results shown here are based upon data generated by the TCGA Research Network: http://cancergenome.nih.gov/.

About Georgia Institute of Technology

The Georgia Institute of Technology, or Georgia Tech, is a top 10 public research university developing leaders who advance technology and improve the human condition. The Institute offers business, computing, design, engineering, liberal arts, and sciences degrees. Its nearly 40,000 students representing 50 states and 149 countries, study at the main campus in Atlanta, at campuses in France and China, and through distance and online learning. As a leading technological university, Georgia Tech is an engine of economic development for Georgia, the Southeast, and the nation, conducting more than $1 billion in research annually for government, industry, and society.

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Gene Network Changes Associated with Cancer Onset and Progression Identify New Candidates for Targeted Gene Therapy | Research - Research Horizons

5 of 6 Patients Achieve Objective Response, including 4 Patients with Complete Response, with Single Dose of FT596 at 900 Million Cells in Combination with Rituximab

13 of 19 Patients Achieve Objective Response with Single Dose of FT596 at 90 Million and 300 Million Cell Dose; 10 of 11 Patients Treated with a Second FT596 Cycle Continue in Ongoing Response, with 3 Patients in Ongoing Complete Response at 6 Months Follow-up; Additional 2 Patients Reach 6 Months in Complete Response

FT596 Treatment Regimens were Well-tolerated; No Dose-limiting Toxicities, and No Adverse Events of Any Grade of ICANS or GVHD, were Observed; Three Low-grade Adverse Events of CRS Resolved without Intensive Care Treatment

Company to Host Virtual Investor Event Tomorrow at 8:00 AM Eastern Time

SAN DIEGO, Dec. 13, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Fate Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: FATE), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of programmed cellular immunotherapies for cancer, today showcased positive interim Phase 1 data from the Companys FT596 program for patients with relapsed / refractory B-cell lymphoma (BCL) at the 63rd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition. FT596 is the Companys off-the-shelf, multi-antigen targeted, iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cell product candidate derived from a clonal master induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line engineered with three anti-tumor functional modalities: a proprietary chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) optimized for NK cell biology that targets B-cell antigen CD19; a novel high-affinity, non-cleavable CD16 (hnCD16) Fc receptor that has been modified to prevent its down-regulation and to enhance its binding to tumor-targeting antibodies; and an IL-15 receptor fusion (IL-15RF) that augments NK cell activity.

The interim dose-escalation clinical data from our FT596 program in relapsed / refractory B-cell lymphoma demonstrate that off-the-shelf, iPSC-derived CAR NK cells can bring substantial therapeutic benefit to heavily pre-treated patients in urgent need of therapy, with high response rates and meaningful duration of responses, said Scott Wolchko, President and Chief Executive Officer of Fate Therapeutics. We are particularly pleased with the therapeutic profile that has emerged with FT596 in combination with rituximab, where over half of the patients treated with a single dose of FT596 at higher dose levels achieved a complete response with a favorable safety profile that is clearly differentiated from CAR T-cell therapy. We look forward to assessing a two-dose treatment schedule for FT596 to further define its potential best-in-class therapeutic profile and ability to reach more patients, including those earlier in care.

The ongoing Phase 1 study in relapsed / refractory BCL is assessing a single dose of FT596 as monotherapy (Monotherapy Arm) and in combination with a single dose of rituximab (375 mg/m2) (Combination Arm) following three days of conditioning chemotherapy (500 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide and 30 mg/m2 of fludarabine). Certain patients are eligible for re-treatment with a second, single-dose cycle.

The ASH presentation ( Session 704Cellular Immunotherapies: Expanding Targets and Cellular Sources for Immunotherapies, Abstract 823 ) includes clinical data from 25 evaluable patients for safety (n=12 in Monotherapy Arm; n=13 in Combination Arm) in the first, second, and third single-dose cohorts of 30 million, 90 million, and 300 million cells, respectively, of which 24 patients were also evaluable for efficacy (n=12 in Monotherapy Arm; n=12 in Combination Arm), as of the data cutoff date of October 11, 2021. These 25 patients had received a median of four prior lines of therapy and a median of two prior lines containing CD20-targeted therapy. Of the 25 patients, 15 patients (60%) had aggressive B-cell lymphoma, 15 patients (60%) were refractory to most recent prior therapy, and 8 patients (32%) were previously treated with autologous CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. Subsequent to the data cutoff date for the ASH presentation, an additional patient in the third single-dose cohort of the Combination Arm was evaluable for initial anti-tumor response, and seven patients in the fourth single-dose cohort of 900 million cells (n=1 in Monotherapy Arm; n=6 in Combination Arm) were evaluable for safety and initial anti-tumor response.

Single-dose, Single-cycle Response Data

In the second, third, and fourth dose cohorts of the Monotherapy and Combination Arms comprising a total of 26 patients, 18 patients (69%) achieved an objective response, including 12 patients (46%) that achieved a complete response, on Day 29 following a single dose of FT596 (see Table 1). Nine of these 26 patients were previously treated with autologous CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy and, of these nine patients, six achieved an objective response (67%) on Day 29 following a single dose of FT596. Notably, in the third and fourth dose cohorts of the Combination Arm comprising a total of 12 patients, nine patients (75%) achieved an objective response, including seven patients (58%) that achieved a complete response, on Day 29 following a single dose of FT596.

Durability of Response Data

The ASH presentation includes durability of response data from 13 responding patients in the second and third single-dose cohorts of 90 million cells and 300 million cells (n=9 in Monotherapy Arm; n=10 in Combination Arm). As of the data cutoff date of October 11, 2021, 10 patients continued in ongoing response, including three patients in ongoing complete response at least six months from initiation of treatment; two patients reached six months in complete response and subsequently had disease progression; and one patient had disease progression prior to six months. Of these 13 responding patients:

Monotherapy Arm (n=7 responding patients). Five patients, all of whom were treated with a second FT596 single-dose cycle with the consent of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), continued in ongoing response at a median follow-up of 4.1 months, including one patient in ongoing complete response at 8.1 months; one patient, who was treated with only one FT596 single-dose cycle, reached six months in complete response and subsequently had disease progression at 6.5 months; and one patient, who was treated with only one FT596 single-dose cycle, had disease progression at 1.7 months.Combination Arm (n=6 responding patients). Five patients, all of whom were treated with a second FT596 single-dose cycle with the consent of the FDA, continued in ongoing response at a median follow-up of 4.6 months, including two patients in ongoing complete response at 6.0 and 10.8 months; and one patient, who was treated with a second FT596 single-dose cycle with the consent of the FDA, reached six months in complete response and subsequently had disease progression at 6.7 months.

aCD19 = autologous CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy; Aggressive = diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Grade 3b follicular lymphoma, Richters transformation, and high-grade B-cell lymphoma; CR = complete response; Indolent = splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma, non-Grade 3b follicular lymphoma, Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, and small lymphocytic lymphoma; M = million; OR = objective response 1 As of data cutoff date of October 11, 2021, unless otherwise noted. Objective response and complete response are based on Cycle 1 Day 29 protocol-defined response assessment per Lugano 2014 criteria. Data subject to source document verification. 2 Cycle 1 Day 29 protocol-defined response assessment completed subsequent to data cutoff date for one patient in the third single-dose cohort of 300 million cells in the Combination Arm and seven patients in the fourth single-dose cohort of 900 million cells (n=1 in Monotherapy Arm; n=6 in Combination Arm).

Safety Data

The FT596 treatment regimens were well tolerated, including in those patients treated with a second, single-dose cycle. No dose-limiting toxicities, and no treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of any grade of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) or graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) were observed. Three low-grade adverse events (two Grade 1, one Grade 2) of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) were reported, which were of limited duration and resolved without intensive care treatment (see Table 2).

The Company has initiated enrollment of a two-dose treatment schedule in the Combination Arm, with FT596 administered on Day 1 and Day 15 at 900 million cells per dose. Patients with clinical benefit following administration of the first two-dose cycle are eligible for re-treatment with a second two-dose cycle. Additionally, patients with clinical response are eligible for re-treatment following disease progression.

CRS = Cytokine Release Syndrome; GvHD = Graft vs. Host Disease; ICANS = Immune Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome; TEAE = Treatment-Emergent Adverse Event; SAE = Severe Adverse Events a Grade 2 CRS

Investor Event Webcast

The Company will host a live audio webcast on Tuesday, December 14, 2021 at 8:00 a.m. ET to highlight interim Phase 1 clinical data from the Companys FT516 and FT596 programs for the treatment of relapsed / refractory B-cell lymphoma. The live webcast can be accessed under "Events & Presentations" in the Investors section of the Company's website at http://www.fatetherapeutics.com. The archived webcast will be available on the Company's website beginning approximately two hours after the event.

About Fate Therapeutics iPSC Product Platform The Companys proprietary induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) product platform enables mass production of off-the-shelf, engineered, homogeneous cell products that are designed to be administered with multiple doses to deliver more effective pharmacologic activity, including in combination with other cancer treatments. Human iPSCs possess the unique dual properties of unlimited self-renewal and differentiation potential into all cell types of the body. The Companys first-of-kind approach involves engineering human iPSCs in a one-time genetic modification event and selecting a single engineered iPSC for maintenance as a clonal master iPSC line. Analogous to master cell lines used to manufacture biopharmaceutical drug products such as monoclonal antibodies, clonal master iPSC lines are a renewable source for manufacturing cell therapy products which are well-defined and uniform in composition, can be mass produced at significant scale in a cost-effective manner, and can be delivered off-the-shelf for patient treatment. As a result, the Companys platform is uniquely designed to overcome numerous limitations associated with the production of cell therapies using patient- or donor-sourced cells, which is logistically complex and expensive and is subject to batch-to-batch and cell-to-cell variability that can affect clinical safety and efficacy. Fate Therapeutics iPSC product platform is supported by an intellectual property portfolio of over 350 issued patents and 150 pending patent applications.

About FT596 FT596 is an investigational, universal, off-the-shelf natural killer (NK) cell cancer immunotherapy derived from a clonal master induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line engineered with three anti-tumor functional modalities: a proprietary chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) optimized for NK cell biology that targets B-cell antigen CD19; a novel high-affinity 158V, non-cleavable CD16 (hnCD16) Fc receptor, which has been modified to prevent its down-regulation and to enhance its binding to tumor-targeting antibodies; and an IL-15 receptor fusion (IL-15RF) that augments NK cell activity. In preclinical studies of FT596, the Company has demonstrated that dual activation of the CAR19 and hnCD16 targeting receptors enhances cytotoxic activity, indicating that multi-antigen engagement may elicit a deeper and more durable response. Additionally, in a humanized mouse model of lymphoma, FT596 in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab showed enhanced killing of tumor cells in vivo as compared to rituximab alone. FT596 is being investigated in a multi-center Phase 1 clinical trial for the treatment of relapsed / refractory B-cell lymphoma as a monotherapy and in combination with rituximab, and for the treatment of relapsed / refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a monotherapy and in combination with obinutuzumab (NCT04245722).

About Fate Therapeutics, Inc. Fate Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of first-in-class cellular immunotherapies for patients with cancer. The Company has established a leadership position in the clinical development and manufacture of universal, off-the-shelf cell products using its proprietary induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) product platform. The Companys immuno-oncology pipeline includes off-the-shelf, iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cell and T-cell product candidates, which are designed to synergize with well-established cancer therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, and to target tumor-associated antigens using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Fate Therapeutics is headquartered in San Diego, CA. For more information, please visit http://www.fatetherapeutics.com.

Forward-Looking Statements This release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 including statements regarding the safety and therapeutic potential of the Companys iPSC-derived NK cell product candidates, including FT596, its ongoing and planned clinical studies, and the expected clinical development plans for FT596. These and any other forward-looking statements in this release are based on management's current expectations of future events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risk that results observed in studies of its product candidates, including preclinical studies and clinical trials of any of its product candidates, will not be observed in ongoing or future studies involving these product candidates, the risk that the Company may cease or delay clinical development of any of its product candidates for a variety of reasons (including requirements that may be imposed by regulatory authorities on the initiation or conduct of clinical trials, the amount and type of data to be generated, or otherwise to support regulatory approval, difficulties or delays in subject enrollment and continuation in current and planned clinical trials, difficulties in manufacturing or supplying the Companys product candidates for clinical testing, and any adverse events or other negative results that may be observed during preclinical or clinical development), and the risk that its product candidates may not produce therapeutic benefits or may cause other unanticipated adverse effects. For a discussion of other risks and uncertainties, and other important factors, any of which could cause the Companys actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see the risks and uncertainties detailed in the Companys periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including but not limited to the Companys most recently filed periodic report, and from time to time in the Companys press releases and other investor communications.Fate Therapeutics is providing the information in this release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Contact: Christina Tartaglia Stern Investor Relations, Inc. 212.362.1200 christina@sternir.com

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Fate Therapeutics Showcases Positive Interim Phase 1 Data from FT596 Off-the-shelf, ... - The Bakersfield Californian

Researchers have discovered how to turn off a key driver of aortic stenosis the narrowing of the hearts aortic valve identifying for the first time the biological process behind certain instances of the disease in which heart valves become calcified and damaged.

The research was reported Nov. 5 in Science Advances, and the breakthrough was over a decade in the making for the studys co-author Jonathan Butcher, professor of biomedical engineering.

Since 2009, Butcher has been studying cells essential for embryonic development of the cardiovascular system. Wanting to show what a subset of those cells would do in a disease state, he published a 2012 study finding that a specific type of inflammation can trigger the cells to undergo the same biological process as they do in the development stage.

Developmental biology used to be studied completely separate from adult disease because they were seen as driving two completely different systems, Butcher said. More recently, theres been the idea that molecules that drive tissue formation might also be involved in forming a tissue-level response to an external stimulus like a disease.

In the case of the cells responsible for heart valve development and disease, Butcher wanted to know more about their shared regulatory component.

Butcher was presenting his work at a research consortium in which another researcher, Michel Puceat from Aix-Marseille University, shared research on a natural biological program in adult mouse heart valves known as OCT4, which Butcher recognized as an early development program and was surprised to see in adult subjects.

The researchers agreed to work together, doing molecular gain and loss of function studies to show that OCT4 switches off very early in embryonic development, but can be turned on later in adulthood. What flips the switch is the inflammatory transcription factor NF kappa B the same one Butcher had studied a decade ago but this time, the OCT4 program was operating a different lineage of cells.

We found this nascent ability of the cells to form bone thats suppressed in the embryonic environment, Butcher said, but in the adult disease environment, its now amplifying that nascent desire to become an osteochondral progenitor.

Essentially, inflammation can switch on dormant embryonic programming in adult cells, and the disease environment leads them to behave differently and calcify the heart valve, causing aortic stenosis.

For the last portion of the study, the researchers wanted to see if they could prevent stenosis in mice by genetically deactivating the OCT4 program after its embryonic role was finished. The experiment was successful, and mice with OCT4 deleted in pro-valve tissue resisted the disease despite having the genetic risk factor and a high-fat, inflammation-inducing diet.

The difference was remarkable and it suggests this particular mechanism could be a pretty safe way to treat the disease because you're not going to worry about disrupting a whole bunch of other things, said Butcher, who added that there are several options for exploring a therapy for humans. We might be able to block it with anti-inflammatory drugs that stop the switch operator, or it might be safer to block it by manipulating this transformation component downstream.

Butcher said the research is an example of observing and targeting emergent phenomena by going beyond the traditional method of studying individual cells and molecules as disease drivers, and instead observing the relationships between components.

This particular work to me was something that really engaged the ingenuity of a lot of people, Butcher said. This concept of emergence will be critically important for developing next-level therapy for diseases.

The research was funded by the Leducq Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.

Syl Kacapyr is public relations and content manager for the College of Engineering.

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Researchers 'turn off' driver of aortic stenosis heart disease | Cornell Chronicle - Cornell Chronicle

during the forecast period. The growth of the genome editing/genome engineering market is expected to be driven by the rise in government funding and growth in the number of genomics projects, increased application areas of genomics, and the introduction of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering.

New York, Nov. 25, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Genome Editing/Genome Engineering Market by Technology, Product & Service, Application, End user - Global Forecast to 2026" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05220258/?utm_source=GNW

The services segment accounted for the highest growth rate in the genome editing/genome engineering market, by product & service, during the forecast periodIn 2020, the services segment accounted for the highest growth rate.The genomic editing/genome engineering services market is segmented into sequencing services; data analysis; bioinformatics services; and other services, such as informatics, clean up, gene expression, and DNA synthesis services.

Most companies in the services sector offer all these services.Although the services segment represents a major part of the market, some end users have in-house sequencing and bioinformatics capabilities.

Service providers possess highly advanced and multiple sequencing platforms and make use of high-quality consumables/kits. They also have multiple sequencing platforms, which enables these service providers to choose the most appropriate system to solve the scientific challenges of their customers and promptly deliver high-quality sequencing at a low cost.

The CRISPR segment accounted for the largest share of the application segment, by technology, in the genome editing/genome engineeringIn 2020, the CRISPR technology accounted for the largest share.Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a revolutionary tool used to edit genes in a way that resembles traditional GMO techniques.

The use of the Cas9 enzymes differentiates CRISPR from other forms of genetic modification.The ease of use associated with CRISPR technology gives it a significant advantage over ZFN and TALEN, especially in generating a large set of vectors to target numerous sites or even genome-wide libraries.

Another potential advantage of CRISPR is its ability to use multiple guide RNA parallelly to target multiple sites simultaneously in the same cell. This makes it easier to mutate multiple genes at once or engineer precise deletions in a genomic region.

Asia Pacific: The fastest-growing region in the genome editing/genome engineering marketThe genome editing/genome engineering market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America (LATAM) and Middle East and Africa (MEA). Increasing government support, and developing R&D infrastructure Increasing investments in research and rising number of applications of gene synthesis for genetic engineering of cells and tissues of organisms are the major factors fueling the growth of the genome editing/genome engineering market in the Asia Pacific region.

The primary interviews conducted for this report can be categorized as follows: By Respondent: Supply Side- 70% and Demand Side 30% By Designation: C-level - 55%, D-level - 20%, and Others - 25% By Region: North America -50%, Europe -20%, Asia-Pacific -20%, RoW -10%

List of Companies Profiled in the Report: Thermo Fisher Scientific (US) Merck KGaA (Germany) GenScript China) Sangamo Therapeutics (US) Lonza (Switzerland) Editas medicine (US) CRISPR Therapeutics Tecan Life sciences (Switzerland) Precision biosciences (US) Agilent technologies (Switzerland) PerkinElmer (US) Cellectis SA (France) Intellia Therapeutics (US) Bluebird Bio (US) Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (US) Synthego (US) Vigene Biosciences (US) Beam Therapeutics (US) Integrated DNA Technologies (US) New England Biolabs (US) Origene Technologies (US) Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals (US) Creative Biogene (US) Recombinetics (US) Caribou Biosciences (US)

Research Coverage:This report provides a detailed picture of the genome editing/genome engineering market.It aims at estimating the size and future growth potential of the market across different segments such as the product, application, end user and region.

The report also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key market players along with their company profiles recent developments and key market strategies.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report:The report will help market leaders/new entrants by providing them with the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall genome editing/genome engineering market and its subsegments.It will also help stakeholders better understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to better position their business and make suitable go-to-market strategies.

This report will enable stakeholders to understand the markets pulse and provide them with information on the key market drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities.Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05220258/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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The global genome editing/genome engineering market is expected to reach USD 11.7 billion by 2026 from USD 5.1 billion in 2021, at a CAGR of 18.2% -...

If humans are to live on Mars or the moon one day, well need to be able to construct buildings to live, sleep, eat, and work in space. The way to do that, space agencies have said, is to 3D-print habitats or their components. But hauling enough of the Earth-derived materials used for most 3D printing from our planet to another celestial body isnt a feasible option.

Biology could solve that problem, says Neel Joshi, associate professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Northeastern. And Joshis team may have devised just the technology for the job: a 3D-printable material that is alive.

Like a tree has cells embedded within it and it goes from a seed to a tree by assimilating resources from its surroundings in order to enact these structure-building programs, what we want to do is a similar thing, but where we provide those programs in the form of DNA that we write and genetic engineering, Joshi says.

The researchers have figured out how to program the bacterium Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli, to produce an entirely biological ink which can be used to 3D-print solid structures. That microbial ink, which is described in a paper published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications, has yet to be tested on a cosmic scale, but the scientists have used the gelatinous material to print small shapes, such as a circle, a square, and a cone. They have also successfully programmed it to build materials with specified attributes with other applications that could be useful in medicine.

Neel Joshi, associate professor of chemistry and chemical biology, works on programmable microbial ink for 3D printing of living materials, in the Mugar Life Sciences building. Photos by Matthew Modoono/Northeastern University

We want to use living cells, microbes, as factories to make useful materials, says Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, a postdoctoral fellow in Joshis laboratory and co-lead author on the new paper. The idea, he says, is to harness the properties that are unique to the materials that make up living things for a spectrum of purposes, ranging from therapeutic to industrial.

Think about it as a platform for building many different things, not just bricks for building buildings or construction, Joshi says. He explains the work by comparing it to the way a polymer chemist considers how to devise plastic materials that can serve distinct purposes. Some plastics are hard and retain their shape, while others are stretchy and soft.

Biology is able to do similar things, Joshi says. Think about the difference between hair, which is flexible, and horns on a deer or a rhino or something. Theyre made of similar materials, but they have very different functions. Biology has figured out how to tune those mechanical properties using a limited set of building blocks.

The particular natural building block the scientists are taking advantage of is a protein produced by the bacterium E. coli. The material, called Curli fibers, is produced by the bacterial cells as they attach to a surface and to one another to form a community. The same properties that make the Curli fibers a sort of glue for the bacteria also make it an attractive material for microbial engineers like Joshi and his colleagues.

The researchers 3D-printed small shapes using the microbial ink that they developed from the bacterium Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli. Image courtesy of Duraj-Thatte et al., Nature Communications

To make the microbial link, the scientists started by culturing genetically engineered E. coli in a flask. They fed the bacteria nutrients so that they would multiply, and as they divided they would produce the desired polymers, the Curli fibers. Then, the researchers filtered out the gelatinous polymers and fed that material into a 3D printing apparatus as the microbial ink.

Microbes have been used to make the ink for 3D printing before, but, Joshi and Manjula-Basavanna say, what sets this microbial ink apart is that it is not blended with anything else. Their gel is entirely biological.

One of the perks of a truly living material is that it is, in fact, alive, Manjula-Basavanna says. And that means that it can do what living things can do, such as heal itself, the way skin does. In the right conditions, the cells in the microbial gel could simply make more of itself.

Its not necessarily always growing, Joshi says. For example, if the cells were left alive in the small cone that the team made from the microbial gel, if you were to take that whole cone and dunk it into some glucose solution, the cells would eat that glucose and they would make more of that fiber and grow the cone into something bigger, he says. There is the option to leverage the fact that there are living cells there. But you can also just kill the cells and use it as an inert material.

While the initial gel is made entirely from genetically engineered E. coli, the researchers also tried mixing the ink with other genetically engineered microbes with the goal of using the 3D-printed materials for specific purposes. Thats how they made a material that could deliver an anticancer drug, which it released when it encountered a specific chemical stimulus. In another experiment, they also programmed another material to trap the toxic chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) when it encountered BPA in the environment.

You could think about taking a bottle cap and printing our material on the inside of it so that if there was BPA around, it would be sucked up by that and not be in your drink, Joshi says.

This study was simply a proof-of-concept endeavor, but Joshi sees this microbial ink as opening a door to all kinds of possibilities for building things with biology.

If there is a way to manufacture in a more sustainable manner, its going to involve using living cells, he says. This is advancing more towards that type of paradigm of building things with living cells.

For media inquiries, please contact Marirose Sartoretto at m.sartoretto@northeastern.edu or 617-373-5718.

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With this New Technology, 3D Printing Comes to Life Literally. - News @ Northeastern - News@Northeastern

I asked Davey, as well as Elke Mhlberger, another researcher at NEIDL, if they were ever fearful. Once they became comfortable with the pressurized suits, they said, they experienced a kind of joy in the privileges of the work, as well as confidence in containment measures. To Mhlberger, in fact, working in a Level 2 or Level 3 facility feels riskier than being in a Level 4 lab, where the safety protocol is so stringent; the day before she gave birth to her second son, she told me, she spent the morning working with the Ebola virus in a Level 4 lab. Once inside, there are no cellphones, no email, no small talk only the pathogens and the white noise of air swirling around her ears. Its really very relaxing, she said. Her work is focused on the planets most formidable threats, she acknowledged. But it is in many ways an escape from the world itself.

Is that world better off with or without high-containment biolabs? Its a question not easily resolved. The work that goes on inside them involves a nontrivial degree of risk, which is why NEIDL, with its vaults and barricades and bulwarks including its operational protocols resembles a modern-day citadel. Yet no amount of engineering, infrastructural or human, can reduce to zero the chance of bad things coming out of biolabs. On the other hand, without them, we would lack all sorts of treatments for diseases like Covid-19 and Ebola. For now, the world seems to agree that we need these facilities.

Next summer, the C.D.C. will break ground on a new high-containment laboratory complex on its campus in Atlanta. One ambition is to supplement an aging biolab with a five-story, state-of-the-art facility that includes two Level 3 suites and six Level 4 suites. These will be largely dedicated to studying viruses with more fearsome fatality rates: Ebola, Nipah, Marburg, Chapare. Construction will take about three years, followed by a two-year commissioning process to ensure safety expectations are met. The cost has been reported to be at least $350 million a significant jump from the $280 million (adjusted for inflation) that built the NEIDL facilities. Melissa Pearce, who will oversee the new lab, told me that she and her C.D.C. colleagues have toured North American facilities in recent years to survey current best practices and design ideas.

Ideas that are too new wont necessarily be adopted. When youre designing a Biosafety Level 4, the thought of using new technology tends to give you pause, Pearce told me. Its like the first year of a brand-new model of a car you tend to not want to buy that, because there are probably some bugs that need to get worked out. So, many of the improvements in Atlanta are likely to be incremental. Some of the researchers on the planning team believe that the spaces in current Level 4 labs are too narrow, for example, so there will be more room within new suites for workers to move around freely. A new chemical shower off the hallway will allow the staff to sanitize equipment more efficiently.

To talk to people at the C.D.C. is to be struck by how close to the next pandemic they think we might be and how important, should a little-known infectious agent again explode in the general population, the research done on exotic viruses in containment there and elsewhere will be in directing us toward therapies or a cure. Thats the expectation at NEIDL, too, where Mhlberger has recently been working with the Lloviu virus, a relative of Ebola, which was first identified in bats in Eastern Europe 10 years ago. A group in rural Hungary extracts small amounts of blood from local bat colonies, searching for Lloviu. If the virus is present, the group sequences and sends the genetic information to her. She then compares its viral properties with other pathogens to better understand potential dangers. We dont know yet whether it causes disease in humans or not, she said. But if it causes disease, about 200 million people live in the area where these bats roam.

When I asked Joel Montgomery, the head of the viral special pathogens branch at the C.D.C., whether our awareness of new pathogens is a result of improved surveillance or of more viruses having increased opportunities to jump into humans, he seemed to think both factors were responsible. The ability to test new viruses, thanks to nucleic-acid-sequencing capabilities, is far better than it was 10 or 20 years ago. But I think we are interacting with our environment much more now than we have before, and just the sheer number of people on the planet has increased, he said, which also affects population densities. And so were going to see outbreaks epidemics, pandemics happening more frequently. It most certainly will happen.

Our high-containment facilities, moreover, may have to deal with threats hatched in labs as well as what comes from nature. Take, for example, pox diseases. The C.D.C.s campus in Atlanta is home to one of two Level 4 labs left in the world that harbors the live variola virus, which causes smallpox and was declared eradicated globally in 1980. (The other cache is in Russia.) Victoria Olson, a deputy director of lab science and safety at the C.D.C., told me that the lab keeps samples because studies using a live virus could help scientists develop diagnostics, treatments and vaccines should smallpox re-emerge, or should a similar poxvirus appear. Monkey pox, which has caused recent outbreaks in Africa, where it has a fatality rate of 10 percent, is already a serious concern; Alaska pox was just identified in 2015. More alarming, perhaps, is the potential that someone outside the world of known biolabs might cook up a version of a poxvirus, using the tools of genetic engineering. Smallpox had an average case-fatality rate of about 30 percent; Americans have not been immunized against it since 1972. A synthetic smallpox or even a synthetic super smallpox, which could be deadlier than the original is not much of an intellectual leap.

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You Should Be Afraid of the Next Lab Leak - The New York Times

The bioeconomy covers all sectors and systems that rely on biological resources (animals, plants, microorganisms, and derived biomass, including organic waste) as well as their functions and principles. It includes and interlinks economic and industrial sectors such as food, health, chemicals, materials, energy and services that use biological resources and processes.

It is anticipated that the world will face increased competition for limited and finite natural resources given a growing population, increasing pressure on our food and health systems, and climate change and associated environmental degradation decimating our primary production systems.

Synthetic biology is an emerging field which applies engineering principles to the design and modification of living systems, thus underpinning and accelerating technological advances with clear potential to provide impact at scale to the global economy. Manufacturers are turning towards this method to efficiently produce high performance, sustainable products.

A recent McKinsey report anticipates applications from this bio revolution could have a direct global impact of up to $4 trillion per year over the next 10-20 years, enabling production of 60% physical inputs to the global economy, and addressing 45% of the worlds current disease burden. However, for synthetic biology applications to reach their full potential, its critical to ensure that access and development of knowledge in this sector, along with the relevant research tools, are distributed in low resource contexts. This can help to avoid the technology being centered solely in advanced, resource rich economies and widening inequalities in the global bioeconomy.

Dr. Jenny Molloy, Senior Research Associate at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, studies the role and impact of open approaches to intellectual property for a sustainable and equitable bioeconomy.

Her work focuses on better understanding problems facing researchers accessing biological research tools in low resource contexts, particularly Latin America and Africa. Her team develops innovative technologies for local, distributed manufacturing of enzymes to improve access and build capacity for biological research. The broader aim of her research is to contextualize open source approaches to biotechnology within current narratives of innovation and the bioeconomy policy agenda. She is also a member of the World Economic Forum Global Future Council on Synthetic Biology.

We discussed new developments, challenges, and her ideal scenario for the bioeconomy policy agenda for the next 10 years. Here's what she said:

Realizing that the current system of how we fund, reward, publish and disseminate science, and how we balance public and private interests in technology is quite recent and could be changed.

Originally, I worked on advocacy for open data and open science (which fortunately is now much more mainstream within research culture), and then my introduction specifically to bioeconomy policies came when I worked on genetic modification of dengue mosquitoes for my doctorate. This put me right at the intersection of global health, synthetic biology, and the bioeconomy in a field nested in a complex tangle of ethics, regulation, responsible innovation, and public opinion.

At the same time, I was contributing to projects on open science for development and getting more interested in how to make access to science, innovation, and its benefits truly global. Everything started pointing to the imperative of working to ensure that we collectively build a global bioeconomy that is equitable and economically and environmentally sustainable.

Id say the ability to de novo synthesise DNA at scale and precisely edit it. When I was trying to genetically engineer mosquitoes, constructing DNA modules was laborious and it was really a roll of the dice as to where in the genome that DNA would end up. Having more affordable ways to write as well as read DNA with increased elegance, precision editing of CRISPR has enabled exciting advances to address so many global challenges: from drug discovery to crop improvement.

That is why I find enabling tools and technologies so exciting: they underpin innovation and users will deliver applications that the original developers didnt dream about. A lot of my work focuses on how to ensure that these developments reach all scientists and not only those in high income countries.

I would say the perception and narrative that is strongly embedded in biotechnology at all levels that open source means uncommercialisable.

Unfortunately, this leads to an unwillingness to creatively explore openness as one possibility within a whole range of Intellectual Property (IP) strategies. I wish people knew to ask, What impact do I want to achieve in the world and to what extent can protecting or openly sharing this technology get me there?. Sometimes, youll land back on patenting everything because the promise of a monopoly is required to unlock sufficiently risk tolerant investment. That is OK!

However, the answer is likely more nuanced when your goal is also environmental or social impact or where you have a user community that could contribute back significant innovations or for many other reasons. Teslas patent pledge in 2014 was likely partially because their success depends on public and private investment in infrastructure like charging stations, so while sharing their technology might allow competitors to get to market faster, that could increase the number of electric cars on the road and the interests of electric car drivers and industry. All this nuance gets missed if you dont ask the question.

One of the best sources of knowledge in biotechnology is, perhaps somewhat ironically, published patents! Developing and emerging economies have immense freedom to apply this knowledge commercially as very few biotech patents have been filed in the Global South while many more have expired and entered the public domain.

However, there are major challenges to making that knowledge used and useful, including having enough people skilled in the art and providing an enabling environment - well equipped labs, reliable supply chains, responsive regulation and funding. Open source approaches play an important role here because beyond open licensing they also encourage collaborative development and sharing of know how, which is essential to overcome barriers to building capacity and innovation.

The application of precision medicine to save and improve lives relies on good-quality, easily-accessible data on everything from our DNA to lifestyle and environmental factors. The opposite to a one-size-fits-all healthcare system, it has vast, untapped potential to transform the treatment and prediction of rare diseasesand disease in general.

But there is no global governance framework for such data and no common data portal. This is a problem that contributes to the premature deaths of hundreds of millions of rare-disease patients worldwide.

The World Economic Forums Breaking Barriers to Health Data Governance initiative is focused on creating, testing and growing a framework to support effective and responsible access across borders to sensitive health data for the treatment and diagnosis of rare diseases.

The data will be shared via a federated data system: a decentralized approach that allows different institutions to access each others data without that data ever leaving the organization it originated from. This is done via an application programming interface and strikes a balance between simply pooling data (posing security concerns) and limiting access completely.

The project is a collaboration between entities in the UK (Genomics England), Australia (Australian Genomics Health Alliance), Canada (Genomics4RD), and the US (Intermountain Healthcare).

For example, basic laboratory equipment like incubators are typically no longer protected by IP but you will rarely find full assembly and repair instructions online: open hardware projects provide this and bring together communities of developers and manufacturers to enable local manufacturing. Access to enzymes is an almost ubiquitous challenge in the Global South and while many useful enzymes are now in the public domain, it can be time consuming to find the DNA and protocols to express them.

Open toolkits like the Research in Diagnostics DNA Collection designed by my lab and many collaborators and distributed through the Free Genes project at Stanford provides a ready to go solution that with the correct manufacturing practices, quality management systems and regulatory approvals could also be used for diagnostics kits. Local manufacturing of molecular diagnostics is a possibility we are exploring with collaborators in Cameroon and Ghana, for example through the AfriDx project funded by EDCTP.

A great example of an open project that has already had a direct impact on scientific progress is the Structural Genomics Consortium, a public-private-partnership which has openly released data, materials and research tools for drug discovery against medically relevant human protein structures to academia and industry for around 20 years, resulting in thousands of collaborations and scientific papers and over 1500 protein structures entering the public domain. The leaders of the consortium continue to push the model further, for example launching pharma companies that aim to apply an open approach to drug discovery for rare childhood cancers.

Realizing that the current system of how we fund, reward, publish and disseminate science and how we balance public and private interests in technology is quite recent and could be changed.

My ideal scenario is that the global bioeconomy policy agenda is truly global, so that over the next 10 years countries in the Global South, that host so much of the biodiversity that is fuelling the bioeconomy, are able to shape that agenda, to level up innovation capacities, and to benefit from the bioeconomy on their own terms.

My advice to global leaders and policymakers is to ensure that all countries get a seat at the table and focus on building out more than local or regional policies but also systems for international governance that can adapt to the extraordinary pace of technical and social change in the bioeconomy.

The Global Future Council on Synthetic Biology has focused a lot of our attention on how to embed the values of sustainability, equity, humility and solidarity into the future bioeconomy policy agenda, providing a compass rather than a map, because we think this is important to ensure that synthetic biology is being harnessed to create a world in which we want to live.

Written by

Abhinav Chugh, Acting Content and Partnerships Lead, World Economic Forum

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.

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Synthetic biology can benefit all of us, an expert explains - World Economic Forum

Vegetables

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has requested public feedback on a draft regulation governing the manufacture, storage, distribution, sale, and import of any food or food ingredient derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

In its draft notification, FSSAI also proposed that all food products containing one percent or more genetically engineered ingredients be labeled Contains GMO/Ingredients derived from GMO.

The regulation applies to GMOs, also known as genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) or living modified organisms (LMOs), that are intended for direct consumption or processing. It also applies to genetically modified ingredients derived from but not containing LMOs, GEOs, or GMOs in processed foods.

The draft notification states that prior FSSAI approval is required for the manufacture, storage, distribution, sale, and import of any food or food ingredient derived from GMOs.

Even after receiving prior approval from the biotech regulator Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) under the Environment Ministry, FSSAI approval is required.

The FSSAI may approve or reject the application based on the safety assessment of the food article and food ingredient of a processing aid.

Following FSSAI approval, food business operators must apply for a license in accordance with the Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Regulations, 2011.

Post-approval, the FSSAI stated that if a food business operator has reason to believe that GMOs or GEOs pose a health risk, he should immediately "suspend" the manufacture, import, sale, or distribution of such food items and take steps to recall them.

Once a GMO, GEO, or LMO with a 'unique identification code' (provided by the Biosafety Clearing-House, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, etc.) is approved by FSSAI, no other food business operator will need to apply for approval, according to the draught notification.

It also stated that approval will not be required if it is used as an ingredient in any product. Furthermore, the FSSAI stated that any food laboratory with a designated GM food testing area may be designated for GM food testing.

The FSSAI has given the public 60 days from the date of the draught notification's release on November 15 to submit any objections or suggestions.

Excerpt from:

FSSAI Seeks Public Input on the Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods - Krishi Jagran

DUBLIN, Nov. 24, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Cell Therapy - Technologies, Markets and Companies" report from Jain PharmaBiotech has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

This report describes and evaluates cell therapy technologies and methods, which have already started to play an important role in the practice of medicine. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is replacing the old fashioned bone marrow transplants. The role of cells in drug discovery is also described. Cell therapy is bound to become a part of medical practice.

Stem cells are discussed in detail in one chapter. Some light is thrown on the current controversy of embryonic sources of stem cells and comparison with adult sources. Other sources of stem cells such as the placenta, cord blood and fat removed by liposuction are also discussed. Stem cells can also be genetically modified prior to transplantation.

Cell therapy technologies overlap with those of gene therapy, cancer vaccines, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Pharmaceutical applications of stem cells including those in drug discovery are also described. Various types of cells used, methods of preparation and culture, encapsulation, and genetic engineering of cells are discussed. Sources of cells, both human and animal (xenotransplantation) are discussed. Methods of delivery of cell therapy range from injections to surgical implantation using special devices.

Cell therapy has applications in a large number of disorders. The most important are diseases of the nervous system and cancer which are the topics for separate chapters. Other applications include cardiac disorders (myocardial infarction and heart failure), diabetes mellitus, diseases of bones and joints, genetic disorders, and wounds of the skin and soft tissues.

Regulatory and ethical issues involving cell therapy are important and are discussed. The current political debate on the use of stem cells from embryonic sources (hESCs) is also presented. Safety is an essential consideration of any new therapy and regulations for cell therapy are those for biological preparations.

The cell-based markets was analyzed for 2020, and projected to 2030. The markets are analyzed according to therapeutic categories, technologies and geographical areas. The largest expansion will be in diseases of the central nervous system, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Skin and soft tissue repair, as well as diabetes mellitus, will be other major markets.

The number of companies involved in cell therapy has increased remarkably during the past few years. More than 500 companies have been identified to be involved in cell therapy and 317 of these are profiled in part II of the report along with tabulation of 306 alliances. Of these companies, 171 are involved in stem cells.

Profiles of 73 academic institutions in the US involved in cell therapy are also included in part II along with their commercial collaborations. The text is supplemented with 67 Tables and 26 Figures. The bibliography contains 1,200 selected references, which are cited in the text.

Markets and Future Prospects for Cell Therapy

Key Topics Covered:

Part I: Technologies, Ethics & Regulations

Executive Summary

1. Introduction to Cell Therapy

2. Cell Therapy Technologies

3. Stem Cells

4. Clinical Applications of Cell Therapy

5. Cell Therapy for Cardiovascular Disorders

6. Cell Therapy for Cancer

7. Cell Therapy for Neurological Disorders

8. Ethical, Legal and Political Aspects of Cell therapy

9. Safety and Regulatory Aspects of Cell Therapy

Part II: Markets, Companies & Academic Institutions

10. Markets and Future Prospects for Cell Therapy

11. Companies Involved in Cell Therapy

12. Academic Institutions

13. References

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/lbqs59

Media Contact:

Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager [emailprotected]

For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470 For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900

U.S. Fax: 646-607-1904 Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716

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Link:

Global Cell Therapy Markets Report 2021-2030: Cell Therapy Markets According to Therapeutic Areas, Technologies, & Companies - PRNewswire

PUNE, India, Nov. 25, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- According to The Insight Partners study on "Animal Genetics Market to 2027 Global Analysis and Forecast by Animal Genetic Material, Genetic Material and Service" the animal genetics market was valued at US$ 4,778.67 million in 2019 and is projected to reach US$ 7,705.23 million by 2027; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% during 20192027. The growth of the market is attributed to the growing preference for animal derived proteins supplements and food products and rising adoption of progressive genetic practices such as artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer. However, limited number of skilled professionals in veterinary research and stringent government regulations for animal genetics is expected to hinder the market growth.

The North American region holds the largest market share of this market and is expected to grow in forecasted years. The growth in North America is characterized by the presence of new market players, various product launches and increasing government initiatives.

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Likewise, Mexico is likely to offer attractive business opportunities for livestock genetics. Over the last decades, Mexico's beef, pork, and dairy productions have undergone valuable developments. Mexican generators in the expanding livestock intensive systems are frequently using modern genetic improvement technologies such as artificial insemination and embryo transfers.

In North America, the US is the largest market for animal genetics market. Livestock groups provide consumers with different products and services, including meat, milk, eggs, fiber, and draught power. The genetic variation within livestock communities produces the raw material for evolving through natural selection in answer to changing conditions and human-managed genetic improvement plans. As per the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), animal genetics is one of the livestock development support. It is a wide field, ranging from characterization to conservation to genetic development. According to the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), there have been dramatic improvements in animal production yields and efficiencies. Therefore, the ever-increasing demand for dietary protein in the United States has been observed. These demands are achieved by one the best Animal breeding is one strategy by which these improvements may be performed. NIFA, with the help of scientists from universities and research organizations and food animal industries, provides national leadership and funding opportunities to conduct basic, applied, and integrated research to increase knowledge of animal genetics and genomics.

The COVID-19 outbreak has disturbed various trades and businesses across the world. The incidence of corona virus or COVID 19 has not yet been registered the animals. Also, there is no evidence that companion animals are the prime source of the spreading epidemic in humans. However, various studies have been conducted to check the spread of disease from animals to humans. In many cases, zoonotic diseases were found in humans due to interaction with animals. Therefore, government bodies are taking more precautions and safety measures to prevent the spread of corona virus in the animals. The measures are widely carried out for companion animals as they frequently come in contact with their owners. Also, it is essential to report the cases to a veterinary authority. For instance, in the region, to report the cases of detection of COVID-19 is done to OIE through WAHIS, in accordance with the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code as an emerging disease.

The OIE is actively working by providing assistance to research for their on-going research and other implications of COVID-19 for animal health and veterinary public health. The assistance is also providing risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. Also, the OIE has put in place an Incident Coordination System to coordinate these activities. In addition, OIE is also working with the Wildlife Working Group and other partners to develop a long-term work program. The aims are to provide better understandings, dynamics, and risks around wildlife trade and consumption. Also, it aims to develop strategies to reduce the risk of future spillover events.

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Additionally, various product and service launches have been initiated, which is helping the US market to grow. For instance, The Veterinary Genetics Laboratory (VGL) at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine has launched an updated and advanced website along with several new tests for veterinary community. As the VGL is one of the foremost genetic testing laboratories in the world, the new site and tests will bring yet another level of global impact to the top-ranked veterinary school. Thus, the consistent support for combating addiction in the country undertaken by various organizations likely to augment the growth of animal genetics market during the forecast years.

The Asia Pacific region is expected to be the fastest-growing region among all other regions. The growth of the market in the region is majorly due to countries like China, India and Japan, which drives the major consumption of animal derived products. Moreover, growing preference for animal derived proteins supplements and food products, and rising adoption of progressive genetic practices such as artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer are also likely to contribute to market growth. On the other hand, significant investment by government in various breeding programs is supporting the growth of market. For instance, the central and local governments have invested more than RMB 5 billion to build breeding or multiplier farms and conservation farms for breed improvement programs and the building of centers for testing the quality of breeding stock, semen, and embryos.

Based on product, the animal genetics market is segmented poultry, porcine, bovine, canine, and others. The porcine segment accounted for more than 35.84% of the market share in 2019. In terms of genetic material, the animal genetics market is segmented into semen, and embryo. The embryo segment held the largest share of the market in 2019. In terms of service, the animal genetics market is segmented into DNA typing, genetic trait tests, genetic disease tests, and others.The DNA typing segment held the largest share of the market in 2019.

Rising Adoption of Progressive Genetic Practices Such as Artificial Insemination (AI) and Embryo Transfer in Animal Genetics Market:

Growing focus on developing superior animal breeds using genetic engineering to obtain high reproduction rates for large-scale production of modified breeds is expected to drive animal genetics market during the forecast period. Animal genetics emphasizes the inheritance and genetic variations in wild and domestic animals. This science is used at a commercial level for services such as testing genetic disorders, screening genetic traits, and typing DNA. For identifying genetic hybridizations, animal genetics uses various genetic practices, such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cytological studies. Moreover, artificial insemination (AI) can reduce various risks involved in animal breeding and disease transmission. It is found that female offspring cattle born through artificial insemination yield more milk than normal offspring. Additionally, the use of antibiotic-containing semen extensors is effective in preventing bacterial infectious diseases. Therefore, the entire AI process is considered hygienic than natural mating.

The market players are focusing on partnerships, collaboration, and acquisitions to develop genetically modified breeds and maintain their market share. For instance, in August 2020, Cogent and AB Europe collaborated to launch a novel sexed semen service for sheep producers in the UK. In May 2018, Recombinetics entered into partnership agreement with SEMEX for the implementation of a precision breeding program, which is expected to improve animal health and well-being through hornless dairy cattle genetics. According to the Brazilian Association of Artificial Insemination, the number of commercialized doses of semen increased from 7 million in 2003 to ~14 million in 2017. Thus, rising adoption of genetic practices will support the market growth in coming years.

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Market: Segmental Overview

In terms of product, porcine segment is anticipated to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Growing production of porcine and increase in pork consumption is likely to favor the growth of the market. Pork is the most consumed meat across the globe. In the US, pork production generates $23.4 billion output per year. Additionally, 26% that is around 2.2 million metric tons of pork and its products are exported to other countries. Despite of the challenges such as tariffs, labor and disease risks, the pork industry in US is still growing with around 66,000 sows in 2019. Also, developments by the major pork producers in the country is likely to grow the pork production industry. For instance, in 2017, 123-year-old Clemens Food Group partnered with 12 independent hog farmers to establish a new packing plant in Michigan. Thus, growing pork production industry is likely to favor market growth. In terms of genetic material, the animal genetics market is segmented into semen, and embryo. The embryo segment held the largest share of the market in 2019. In terms of service, the animal genetics market is segmented into DNA typing, genetic trait tests, genetic disease tests, and others.The DNA typing segment held the largest share of the market in 2019.

Animal Genetics Market: Competition Landscape and Key Developments

Neogen Corporation, Genus, Groupe Grimaud, Topigs Norsvin, Zoetis Services Llc, Hendrix Genetics Bv, Envigo, Vetgen, Animal Genetics Inc, Alta Genetics Inc. and among others are among the key companies operating in the animal genetics market. These players are focusing on the expansion and diversification of their market presence and the acquisition of a new customer base, thereby tapping prevailing business opportunities.

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Animal Genetics Market Worth ($7705.23 Mn by 2027) by (6.3% CAGR) with Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak and Global Analysis & Forecast by The...

Special Report

November 28, 2021 12:00 pm

No one is quite sure what the earliest works of science fiction are. Of course, it depends on definitions. One of the often noted precursor works is Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels, released in 1726, while Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, released in 1818, is perhaps the most famous pre-20th century work of science fiction.

Frankenstein has become part of the pantheon of older science fiction characters, which include Dracula, who first appeared in 1897 in Bram Stokers book of the same name. These stories and characters also appear in many science fiction films, including some of the best. But the best science fiction movie of all time is Alien (1979). (These are the 50 greatest heroes in the movies.)

To determine the best sci-fi movie of all time, 24/7 Tempo developed an index using average ratings on IMDb and a combination of audience scores and Tomatometer scores on Rotten Tomatoes as of October 2021. Great sci-fi doesnt just entertain. It criticizes the present and warns us (or excites us) about the future. It makes us think. It provides us with a sense of wonder. But mostly it can be pretty darn entertaining. (These are the 100 greatest movies ever made.)

Alien is a great example of science fiction that makes us think. Despite director Ridley Scotts assertion that his only intention with the movie was terror, according to Slate, Alien spawned many academic analyses, remaining relevant to this day.

The movie (spoilers ahead) tells the story of the crew of a commercial space tug named Nostromo, who are awoken from stasis on their way back to Earth in order to investigate a transmission coming from a nearby alien moon. All hell breaks loose after they land, and before long theres a horrifying rogue alien brilliantly designed by H.R. Giger terrorizing them (and bursting forth from poor John Hurts chest).

With its fast-paced, edge-of-your-seat storyline, Alien was a smash hit that captured audiences and inspired countless films and TV shows, and it launched a franchise thats still going strong.

Click here to see the 50 best sci-fi movies of all time

Methodology

To determine the best sci-fi movie of all time, 24/7 Tempo developed an index using average ratings on Internet Movie Database, an online movie database owned by Amazon, and a combination of audience scores and Tomatometer scores on Rotten Tomatoes, an online movie and TV review aggregator, as of October 2021. All ratings were weighted equally. Only movies with at least 15,000 audience votes on either IMDb or Rotten Tomatoes were considered. The countless Star Wars movies and superhero fantasies based on Marvel Comics or DC Comics characters were excluded from consideration. Directorial credits and cast information comes from IMDb.

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This Is the Best Sci-Fi Movie of All Time - 24/7 Wall St.

GAITHERSBURG, Md., Nov. 23, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX), a biotechnology company dedicated to developing and commercializing next-generation vaccines for serious infectious diseases, today announced that it will participate in Evercore ISI's 4th Annual HealthCONx Virtual Conference. Novavax' recombinant nanoparticle protein-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate, NVX-CoV2373, will be a topic of discussion.

Conference Details:

Fireside Chat

Date:

Thursday, December 2, 2021

Time:

9:15 9:35 a.m. Eastern Time (ET)

Moderator:

Josh Schimmer

Novavax participants:

Gregory M. Glenn, M.D., President, Research and Development and John J. Trizzino, Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer and Chief Business Officer

Conference

Event:

Investor meetings

Date:

Thursday, December 2, 2021

A replay of the recorded fireside session will be available through the events page of the Company's website at ir.novavax.com for 90 days.

About NovavaxNovavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX) is a biotechnology company that promotes improved health globally through the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative vaccines to prevent serious infectious diseases. The company's proprietary recombinant technology platform harnesses the power and speed of genetic engineering to efficiently produce highly immunogenic nanoparticles designed to address urgent global health needs. NVX-CoV2373, the company's COVID-19 vaccine, received Emergency Use Authorization in Indonesia and the Philippines and has been submitted for regulatory authorization in multiple markets globally. NanoFlu, the company's quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccine, met all primary objectives in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in older adults. Novavax is currently evaluating a COVID-NanoFluTMcombination vaccine in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, which combines the company's NVX-CoV2373 and NanoFluTM vaccine candidates. These vaccine candidates incorporate Novavax' proprietary saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies.

For more information, visit http://www.novavax.com and connect with us on Twitter and LinkedIn.

Contacts:

InvestorsNovavax, Inc. Erika Schultz | 240-268-2022[emailprotected]

Solebury TroutAlexandra Roy | 617-221-9197[emailprotected]

MediaAlison Chartan | 240-720-7804Laura Keenan Lindsey | 202-709-7521 [emailprotected]

SOURCE Novavax, Inc.

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Novavax to Participate in Evercore ISI's 4th Annual HealthCONx Virtual Conference - PRNewswire

With land and water being limited resources, agriculture tends to face restrictions when it comes to food production. Therefore Biotechnology is used to enhance both production and the nutritional quality. Food Technology, which involved Biotechnology and Food Plant Engineering, is a scientific stream that deals with the conversion of raw edible agricultural produce into processed edible and innovative food products.

Techniques like genetic engineering, cloning and selective cultivation help increase the quantity of raw food material. The sensory acceptability of fruits and vegetables can also be enhanced. In the fermented food sector, probiotics, enzymes and single-cell proteins can be identified and developed. Food Technology can also help in sectors like cleaning, hygiene maintenance, smart packaging and shelf life of food.

Food Plant engineering includes processing methods, preservation by drying, low temperature or heat treatment. Food Process Engineering covers the design and process of equipment construction and the types of equipment used to package food, maintenance of food storage area, automation and use of robotics for facilitation of food workers.

A B.Tech in Food Technology has foundation courses like Chemistry, Physics, Engineering Design, Heat and Mass Transfer, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, and Maths along with specialised courses about cereals, pulses, meat, poultry and fish processing, milk and milk product, bakery and confectionery, food chemistry, additives, food quality assurance, food microbiology, food safety and hygiene, and fruit and vegetable processing.

With the consumption of value-added and processed foods increasing, the food industry has expanded. New innovative techniques, scientific procedures, and new processing equipment have led to products with higher shelf life and specific foods are being developed for every age group. The work of a food processor begins after the harvest of crops. The quality of raw material, how it is transported and stored, pre-processing and final processing, packaging, storage and marketing, taste, and shelf life all come into this.

Food Technology is a promising sector that offers a sustainable and secure career with competitive earnings. Students opting for this field learn about basic processing methods and principles of processing, sources of raw food materials, post-harvest processing, transportation and storage of raw food and processed food products. They also learn about extracting ingredients, additives and the combinations to prepare a specific product apart from testing for quality and safety.

Apart from the government and the private sector, one can also become an entrepreneur. Job roles range from lab analyst, food processing operator, machinery inspection, food handler, research scientists, organic chemists, food inspector, managers and accountants. Hospitals, restaurants, food processing companies, catering services, food research labs, retailers, wholesalers, packaging industry and government bodies like FSSAI and FCI and warehouses are all areas to look for jobs.

The writer is the Dean, UPES School of Health Sciences, UPES University

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Career options in Food Technology - The Hindu

For half a year, Anthony Fauci, the nation's top infectious-disease official, and Kentucky senator and physician Rand Paul have been locked in a battle over whether the National Institutes of Health funded dangerous "gain of function" research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) and whether that research could have played a role in the pandemic. Against Senator Paul's aggressive questioning over three separate hearings, Dr. Fauci adamantly denied the charge. "The NIH has not ever and does not now fund gain-of-function research in the Wuhan Institute of Virology," he said in their first fracas on May 11, a position he has steadfastly maintained.

Recently, however, a tranche of documents surfaced that complicate Dr. Fauci's denials. The documents, obtained by Freedom of Information Act requests, show that the NIH was funding research at the Wuhan lab that involved manipulating coronaviruses in ways that could have made them more transmissible and deadly to humanswork that arguably fits the definition of gain-of-function. The documents establish that top NIH officials were concerned that the work may have crossed a line the U.S. government had drawn against funding such risky research. The funding came from the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which Dr. Fauci heads.

The resistance among Dr. Fauci and other NIH officials to be forthcoming with information that could inform the debate over the origins of COVID-19 illustrates the old Watergate-era saw that the coverup is often worse than the crime. There's no evidence that the experiments in question had any direct bearing on the pandemic. In the past, Dr. Fauci has made strong arguments for why this type of research, albeit risky, was necessary to prevent future pandemics, and he could have done so again. But the NIH has dragged its feet over FOIA requests on the matter, handing over documents only after The Intercept took the agency to court.

The apparent eagerness to conceal the documents has only raised suspicions about the controversial research and put the NIH on the defensive. Fauci told ABC, "neither I nor Dr. Francis Collins, the director of the NIH, lied or misled about what we've done." The episode is a self-inflicted wound that has further eroded trust in the nation's public health officials at a time when that trust is most important.

While Dr. Fauci takes the political heat, the revelations center on another figure in this drama: Peter Daszak, president of the private research firm EcoHealth Alliance, which received the $3 million NIH grant for coronavirus research and subcontracted the gain-of-function experiments to the Wuhan lab. The activities of Daszak and EcoHealth before the pandemic and during it show a startling lack of transparency about their work with coronaviruses and raise questions about what more there may be to learn.

From the start, Daszak has worked vigorously to discredit any notion that the pandemic could have been the result of a lab accident. When the media was first grappling with the basics of the situation, Daszak organized a letter in the prestigious medical journal The Lancet from 27 scientists, to "strongly condemn conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin," and got himself appointed to the WHO team investigating COVID origins, where he successfully argued that there was no need to look into the WIV's archives.

What Daszak didn't reveal at the time was that the WIV had been using the NIH grant money to genetically engineer dozens of novel coronaviruses discovered in bat samples, and that he knew it was entirely possible that one of those samples had contained SARS-CoV-2 and had infected a researcher, as he conceded to the journal Science in a November 17 interview: "Of course it's possiblethings have happened in the past."

The NIH fought for more than a year to keep details about the EcoHealth grant under wraps. The 528 pages of proposals, conditions, emails, and progress reports revealed that EcoHealth had funded experiments at the WIV that were considerably riskier than the ones previously disclosed.

The trouble began in May 2016, when EcoHealth informed the NIH that it wanted to conduct a series of new experiments during the third year of its five-year grant. One proposed producing "chimeras" made from one SARS-like virus and the spike proteins (which the virus uses to infiltrate animal cells) of others, and testing them in "humanized" mice, which had been genetically engineered to have human-like receptors in their lungs, making them better stand-ins for people. When such novel viruses are created, there is always a risk they will turn out to be dangerous pathogens in their own right.

Another risky experiment involved the MERS virus. Although MERS is lethalit kills 35 percent of those who catch itit's not highly transmissible, which is partly why it has claimed fewer than 900 lives so far. EcoHealth wanted to graft the spikes of other related coronaviruses onto MERS to see how that changed its abilities.

Both experiments seemed to cross the gain-of-function line. NIH program officers said as much, sending Daszak a letter asking him to explain why he thought they didn't.

In his reply, Daszak argued that because the new spikes being added to the chimeras were more distantly related to SARS and MERS than their original spikes, he didn't anticipate any enhanced pathogenicity or infectiousness. That was a key distinction that arguably made them exempt from the NIH's prohibition on gain-of-function experiments. But, of course, one never knows; as a precaution, he offered that if any of the chimeric viruses began to grow 10 times better than the natural viruses, which would suggest enhanced fitness, EcoHealth would immediately stop all experiments, inform the NIH program officers, and together they'd figure out what to do next.

The NIH accepted Daszak's terms, inserting his suggestions into the grant conditions. Scientists at WIV conducted the experiments in 2018. To their surprise, the SARS-like chimeras quickly grew 10,000 times better than the natural virus, flourishing in the lab's humanized mice and making them sicker than the original. They had the hallmarks of very dangerous pathogens.

WIV and EcoHealth did not stop the experiment as required. Nor did they let the NIH know what was going on. The results were buried in figure 35 of EcoHealth's year-four progress report, delivered in April 2018.

Did the NIH call Peter Daszak in to explain himself? It did not. There are no signs in the released documents that the NIH even noticed the alarming results. In fact, NIH signaled its enthusiasm for the project by granting EcoHealth a $7.5 million, five-year renewal in 2019. (The Trump administration suspended the grant in 2020, when EcoHealth's relationship with the WIV came under scrutiny.)

In a letter to Congress on October 20, the NIH's Principal Deputy Director, Lawrence Tabak, acknowledged the screwup, but he placed the blame on EcoHealth's door, citing its duty to immediately report the enhanced growth that had occurred: "EcoHealth failed to report this finding right away, as was required by the terms of the grant." In a follow-up interview with the Washington Post, NIH Director Francis Collins was more blunt: "They messed up here. There's going to be some consequences for EcoHealth." So far, the NIH has not elaborated on what those consequences might be.

As damning as the NIH grant documents are, they pale in comparison to another EcoHealth grant proposal leaked to the online investigative group DRASTIC in September. In that 2018 proposal to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, a Pentagon research arm, EcoHealth sketched an elaborate plan to discover what it would take to turn a garden-variety coronavirus into a pandemic pathogen. They proposed widely sampling Chinese bats in search of new SARS-related viruses, grafting the spike proteins from those viruses onto other viruses they had in the lab to create a suite of chimeras, then, through genetic engineering, introducing mutations into those chimeras and testing them in humanized mice.

One piece of the proposal was especially Strangelovian. For years, scientists had known that adding a special type of "cleavage site" to the spike could supercharge a virus's transmissibility. Although many viruses in nature have such sites, neither SARS nor any of its cousins do. EcoHealth proposed incorporating human-optimized cleavage sites into the SARS-like viruses it discovered and testing their infectiousness. Such a cleavage site, of course, is exactly what makes SARS-CoV-2 wildly more infectious than its kin. That detail was the reason some scientists initially suspected SARS-CoV-2 might have been engineered in a lab. And while there's no proof that EcoHealth or the WIV ever actively experimented with cleavage sitesEcoHealth says that "the research was never conducted"the proposal makes it clear that they were considering taking that step as early as 2018.

DARPA rejected the proposal, listing among its shortcomings the failures to address the risks of gain-of-function research and the lack of discussion of ethical, legal, and social issues. It was a levelheaded assessment. What's remarkable is that much of the same work that crossed a line for the Department of Defense was embraced by the National Institutes of Health.

The NIH and EcoHealth have asserted that none of the engineered viruses created with the NIH grant could have become SARS-CoV-2. On that, everyone agreesthe viruses are too distantly related. But the detailed recipe in the DARPA application is a blueprint for doing just that with a more closely related virus.

In September, scientists from France's Pasteur Institute announced the discovery of just such a virusSARS-CoV-2's closest known relativein a bat cave in Laos. Although still too distant from SARS-CoV-2 to have been the direct progenitor, and lacking the all-important cleavage site, it was a kissing cousin.

The discovery was hailed by some scientists as evidence that SARS-CoV-2 must have had a natural origin. But the plot turned in November, when another trove of NIH documentsreleased in response to a FOIA request by the White Coat Waste Projectbrought the evidence trail right to EcoHealth's doorstep.

In 2017, EcoHealth had informed the NIH that it would be shifting its focus to Laos and other countries in Southeast Asia, where the wildlife trade was more active, relying on local partner organizations to do the sample collecting and to send the samples to the WIV for their ongoing work. EcoHealth told Newsweek that it did not directly undertake or fund any of the sampling in Laos. "Any samples or results from Laos are based on WIV's work, funded through other mechanisms," says a company spokesman.

Regardless of who paid for the collecting portion of the project, it's clear that for years, a large number of bat samples from the region that harbors viruses similar to SARS-CoV-2 were sent to the WIV. In other words, EcoHealth's team was in the right place at the right time to have found things very close to SARS-CoV-2 and to have sent them to Wuhan. Because there's a lag of several years between when samples are collected and when experiments involving those viruses are published, the most recent papers from EcoHealth and the WIV date to 2015. The identity of the viruses found between 2016 and 2019 are known only to the two organizations, neither of which has been willing to share that information with the world.

A lack of evidence proves nothing, but neither does it put EcoHealth's or the WIV's actions in the early days of the pandemic in a good light. Why choose not to share valuable information on SARS-like coronaviruses with the world? Why not explain your projects and proposals and give scientists access to the unpublished virus sequences in your databases?

For whatever reason, they chose crisis-management mode instead. The WIV went into lockdown. Databases were taken offline. Daszak launched his preemptive campaign to prevent anyone from looking behind the curtain. And EcoHealth and the NIH tried hard to keep the details of their collaboration private.

Congressional inquiries focusing on Dr. Fauci and the NIH's decisions to fund unnecessarily risky research by a lab in Wuhan are probably forthcoming if, as appears increasingly likely, Republicans take control of Congress after the 2022 midterms. While it's important to understand how the NIH came to use such poor judgment in its dealings with EcoHealth Alliance, that won't tell us much about the WIV's research in the months leading up to the pandemic, especially since China is not likely to open its books. Answers are more likely to lie in the records of EcoHealth Alliance. Republicans and Democrats alike should be eager to find them.

Read the rest here:

How Dr. Fauci and Other Officials Withheld Information on China's Coronavirus Experiments - Newsweek

Havana November 27 A full Today, the regular session of the Cuban Academy of Sciences (ACC) will meet in person and in practice at the headquarters of the Information Technology and Advanced Remote Services Company (CITMATEL).

The deliberations will take place by video conference in four rooms prepared for academics from the provinces of Havana and Mayabeque, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Liliam Alvarez Diaz, Secretary of the Foundation, told CNA.

He explained that those belonging to the provincial branches will participate in the online discussions in each of the delegations of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA).

According to its programme, one of the issues to be brought into academic consideration concerns the overall programs corresponding to the National Economic and Social Development Plan 2030.

The other will consist of the accountability of the ACC, by its chair, Luis Velzquez Perez, MD, a second-tier specialist in physiology.

The Cuban Academy of Sciences expanded its advisory job last May, when 420 scientific figures included it in its most recent internal election.

The latter is held every six years, and the academic body currently consists of those elected for the period 2018-2024, with a total of 183 full members and Merit 100; The honorable 44-year-old and the 31-year-old reporter to exercise their advisory role.

CITMATEL is one of the four national entities with High Technology status, characterized by demonstrating extensive R&D and innovation activity, as well as production and marketing of high value-added products and services, with an emphasis on exports.

The same is done by the Centers for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Molecular Immunology (in the province of Havana) and the National Biopreparados (in Mayabeque). (Lino Lupine Perez)

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The plenary session of the Cuban Academy of Sciences today - SmallCapNews.co.uk