Abbott Nutrition: ‘Cognition research is one of our top global priorities’

The first research projects to emerge from a tie-up between Abbott and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) will advance our understanding of the relationship between diet and cognition - and help Abbott create the next generation of brain foods targeting consumers at every life stage - claims the healthcare giant.

Abbott: Brain food collaboration could lead to 'innovative nutritional products across all of our categories including pediatric, adult and performance nutrition'

Speaking to NutraIngredients-USA after announcing 13 projects set to receive between $175,000 and $2.5m to probe the effects of diet on the brain, an Abbottspokesperson said:

Cognition research is one of Abbotts top global priorities."

The research collaboration is intended to help uncover relationships between nutrition and cognition, and carry those discoveries to innovative nutritional products across all of our categories including pediatric, adult and performance nutrition.

In the 2012 funding round, the partners received 46 initial proposals, which were then whittled down to 21 full proposals, 13 of which got the green light.

While nearly $10m in funding was granted during the first year, Abbott will continue to support research for the next four years at a level driven by the quality of proposals submitted."

Commercial potential

The commercial potential was clear, said Abbott:There is strong consumer interest in the connection between food/nutrition and learning, memory and brain health and thus Abbott began to pursue research in this area.

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Abbott Nutrition: ‘Cognition research is one of our top global priorities’

Mannatech Launches Website Focused on Real Food-Based Nutrition

COPPELL, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Mannatech, Incorporated (NASDAQ: MTEX), the leading innovator and provider of naturally sourced supplements based on Real Food Technology solutions, recently launched a new website, ChooseReal.com, to serve as a helpful resource for anyone interested in the growing benefits of nutrition from real food sources. The site officially launched on May 1, 2012, in congruence with the launch of the companys newest product, NutriVerus powder.

There is a revolution taking place among us. More and more people want to return to the natural goodness that comes from real food, explains Mannatech Executive Vice President of Sales & Marketing Al Bala. People dont just want to be healthy; they want to be authentically, genuinely healthy. They are choosing real. So weve created ChooseReal.com to celebrate that paradigm and create a community where like-minded people who are committed to real living can come together. As the creators of Real Food Technology solutions, it only makes sense for us to provide this resource to the public.

ChooseReal.com will present regularly updated content to help people explore living a healthier lifewhether its learning about organic food, discovering the benefits of exercise, exploring the mind-body connection, taking natural supplements, or even being part of a social entrepreneurial movement that fights global malnutrition. Recent posts focus on topics such as the 100-year anniversary of the discovery of the vitamin and the importance of educating yourself on what good health is for you.

Individuals interested in Mannatechs products or business are encouraged to learn more at Mannatech.com.

About Mannatech

Mannatech, Incorporated, develops high-quality health, weight and fitness, and skin care products that are based on the solid foundation of nutritional science and development standards. Mannatech is dedicated to its platform of Social Entrepreneurship based on the foundation of promoting, aiding and optimizing nutrition where it is needed most around the world. Mannatechs proprietary products are available through independent sales Associates around the globe including the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Estonia, Finland, the Republic of Ireland, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Korea, Mexico and Namibia. For more information, visit Mannatech.com.

Please note: This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by use of phrases or terminology such as believe, intend or other similar words or the negative of such terminology. Similarly, descriptions of Mannatechs objectives, strategies, plans, goals or targets contained herein are also considered forward-looking statements. Mannatech believes this release should be read in conjunction with all of its filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and cautions its readers that these forward-looking statements are subject to certain events, risks, uncertainties and other factors. Some of these factors include, among others, Mannatechs inability to attract and retain Associates and Members, increases in competition, litigation, regulatory changes and its planned growth into new international markets. Although Mannatech believes that the expectations, statements and assumptions reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cautions readers to always consider all of the risk factors and any other cautionary statements carefully in evaluating each forward-looking statement in this release, as well as those set forth in its latest Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and other filings filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including its current reports on Form 8-K. All of the forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date of this release.

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Mannatech Launches Website Focused on Real Food-Based Nutrition

Nutrition a great investment | National news | The Phnom Penh Post – Cambodia's Newspaper of Record

Women and children wait to see a doctor at the Preyvihear Health Centre, in Kampong Speus Chamkah Dong village. Photograph: WHO CAMBODIA

These gains have flowed from focused interventions that have resulted in maternal, infant and under-five mortality falling by more than 50 per cent during the decade from 2000 to 2010.

These are fine achievements, but more needs to be done to improve the nutritional status of children and women.

This has been the focus for government officials, national and international experts, development partners and civil-society representatives who have gathered yesterday and today for the fourth National Seminar on Food Security and Nutrition, with a particular emphasis on maternal and child nutrition.

As UN country representatives, we were encouraged to see this issue prioritised and led by the highest level of government, with Prime Minister Hun Sen opening the seminar.

As Cambodia moves to become a middle-income country in the region, it is important to be aware that economic growth and increased agricultural production will not on their own improve nutritional status.

The Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) shows that 28 per cent of children are underweight.

This is a clear indication that, after impressive gains in child nutrition during the 1990s and early 2000s, the improvement in the nutritional status of children is slowing down.

International evidence tells us that, over time, nutritional shortfalls can have an impact on a countrys human capital the ability of children to learn and the ability of adults to lead productive lives and can reduce GDP by two to three per cent.

Investment in nutrition is an internationally recognised Best Buy to create a productive society that is growing with economic vigour.

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Nutrition a great investment | National news | The Phnom Penh Post - Cambodia's Newspaper of Record

Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA.PK) Begins Airing Commercials Nationwide

NEWPORT BEACH, CA--(Marketwire -05/23/12)- Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA.PK) started airing thousands of 30 and 60 second commercials across the country in more than 100 regions on networks including CNN, ESPN, FOX News Channel, TBS, The Learning Channel, TNT and USA Network.

"This ad campaign is designed to raise awareness of our product, and support local marketing as we finalize our distribution and retail relationships in the Midwest and East Coast," said Adia CEO Wen Peng. "As we stated a month ago, soon you won't be able to turn on your television without seeing Adia. Well it has started and millions of people are now hearing about Adia Nutrition and our convenient and shelf-stable 'On the Go' probiotics."

If you have not seen the Adia Nutrition ad spots, here is a link to our 60 second commercial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9tkcRm2o2Y

About Adia Nutrition, Inc.

Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA.PK) is a company specializing in shelf-stable probiotics. Currently, Adia offers four flavors of probiotic powder and two flavors of probiotic chews. Adia sells their products across the country in independent pharmacies, health food stores, fitness centers and grocery store chains. In states and countries where Adia does not yet have retail distribution partners you can find Adia online. According to a market research report titled 'Probiotics Market,' published by Markets and Markets (www.marketsandmarkets.com), the global probiotics market is expected to be worth US $32.6 billion by 2014. Moreover, the global market is expected to record a CAGR of 12.6%.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release may contain forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "expect," "should," "intend," "estimate," and "projects," variations of such words and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements are based upon the Company's current expectations and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ significantly from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements are risks that are detailed in the Company's filings, which are on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA.PK) Begins Airing Commercials Nationwide

Genes culled from desert soils suggest potential medical resource

Despite their ecologic similarity, soils from three geographically distinct areas of the American southwest harbor vastly different collections of small, biosynthetic genes, a finding that suggests the existence of a far greater diversity of potentially useful products than was previously supposed. The research is published in the May issue of Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Natural compounds have been the sources of the majority of new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and bacteria have been the biggest single source of these therapeutically relevant compounds. Most bacterially-derived antibiotic and anticancer agents were discovered by culturing bacteria from environmental samples, and then examining the metabolites they produce in laboratory fermentation studies. But the vast majority of bacterial species cannot be cultured, which suggested that the world might be awash in potentially useful, but unknown bacterial metabolites.

In this study, Sean Brady of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, and colleagues extracted DNA from soils from the Sonoran Desert of Arizona, the Anza Borrego section of the Sonoran Desert of California, and the Great Basin Desert of Utah. They used this DNA to construct very large metagenomic DNA libraries, and screened these libraries for three of the most common classes of small molecule biosynthesis systems, type I modular polyketides, type II iterative polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides, says Brady.

The investigators used PCR to amplify collections of gene fragments from each of the three libraries and compared these to assess the similarities and differences between the collections of genes cloned from each environment, says Brady.

"Our work suggests that the genomes of environmental bacteria could encode many additional drug-like molecules, including compounds that might serve, among other things, as new antibiotics and anticancer agents," says Brady. "This is a small preliminary study that warrants additional investigations of more environments and more extensive sequence analysis, but it suggests that environmental bacteria have the potential to encode a large additional treasure trove of new medicines."

More information: B.V.B. Reddy, D. Kallifidas, J.H. Kim, Z. Charlop-powers, Z. Feng, and S.F. Brady, 2012. Natural product biosynthetic gene diversity in geographically distinct soil microbiomes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78:3744-3752.

Journal reference: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Provided by American Society for Microbiology

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Genes culled from desert soils suggest potential medical resource

How one strain of MRSA becomes resistant to last-line antibiotic

Public release date: 22-May-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Jim Sliwa jsliwa@asmusa.org 202-942-9297 American Society for Microbiology

Researchers have uncovered what makes one particular strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) so proficient at picking up resistance genes, such as the one that makes it resistant to vancomycin, the last line of defense for hospital-acquired infections. They report their findings in mBio, the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology, on Tuesday May 22.

"MRSA strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections in the United States, and clonal cluster 5 (CC5) is the predominant lineage responsible for these infections. Since 2002, there have been 12 cases of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) infection in the United Statesall CC5 strains," write the researchers from Harvard, the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston and the Broad Institute in Cambridge and other institutions. "Vancomycin is a key last-line bactericidal drug for treating these infections."

The CC5 strain of MRSA has managed to acquire resistance to vancomycin on 12 separate occasions, and although it hasn't spread widely yet, the risk that MRSA could eventually overwhelm even our last-line drugs is a very serious one. In the study, the researchers sequenced the genomes of all available vancomycin-resistant MRSA strains to find what distinguishes them from other lineages and why CC5 is apparently more adept than other strains at picking up vancomycin resistance.

They report that vancomycin-resistant MRSA strains and other CC5 lineages have some important differences from other types of MRSA, including adaptations that allow them to co-exist with other types of bacteria and may help them take up foreign DNA. They all lack the operon called bsa, for instance, a set of genes that encode a lantibiotic bacteriocin, an antibiotic protein made by bacteria to kill other bacteria. This is important, say the authors, because it enables CC5 to get along well with other bacteria in mixed infections. Instead of killing off competing organisms, CC5 aims to co-exist. This enables it to pick up genes - like the one that encodes vancomycin resistance - from unexpected places. Mixed infections are breeding grounds for antibiotic resistance because they encourage the exchange of genes among very different kinds of organisms.

In roughly the place where these bacteriocin genes are missing is a unique cluster of genes that encode enterotoxins, proteins that attack the human host and, again, could make it easier for mixed populations of bacteria to grow at infection sites.

Finally, CC5 has a mutation in a gene called dprA, which is known to influence the ability to assimilate foreign DNA. The mutation could alter or eliminate the function of dprA in CC5 strains of MRSA, making it amenable to taking up DNA from outside sources.

The sum of all these traits, including the lack of bacteriocin production, the ability to produce enterotoxins, and mutations in the ability to assimilate foreign DNA, is a lineage of S. aureus that is optimized to grow in exactly the types of multi-species infections where gene transfer could occur.

This makes CC5 a dangerous organism in hospitals, say the authors. In hospitals, pathogens are under continuous pressure from antibiotics to survive and evolve, and CC5 isolates appear to be very well adapted to succeed by acquiring new resistances. Frequent use of antibiotics in hospital patients could select for strains like CC5 that have an enhanced ability to co-exist with bacteria that provide genes for antibiotic resistance.

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How one strain of MRSA becomes resistant to last-line antibiotic

The American Society for Microbiology honors Ellen Jo Baron

Public release date: 21-May-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Garth Hogan ghogan@asmusa.org American Society for Microbiology

Ellen Jo Baron, Ph.D., D(ABMM), Professor Emerita, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, has been honored with the 2012 ASM Founders Distinguished Service Award for her years of volunteer service to ASM. "For as long as I can recall during my career in clinical microbiology, Baron has been the heart and soul of my profession," says Wm. Michael Dunne, Ph.D., Executive Director of Research and Development, North America, for bioMrieux, Inc., Durham, NC.

Baron holds a Ph.D. in Medical Microbiology from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship in Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine at UCLA and the Wadsworth Veterans Affairs Medical Center. At Stanford, Baron served as Director of the Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Virology Laboratories and Associate Chair of Pathology for Faculty Development and Diversity in the School of Medicine. Baron is currently Director of Medical Affairs for Cepheid, a high-technology molecular diagnostics company in Sunnyvale, California, where she writes the On-Demand Newsletter and works on clinical trials, new test development, and publications involving Cepheid products. She serves as an internal and external educator about the technology and its impact on patient care.

Baron's numerous contributions to ASM encompass a vast variety of programs. "Baron is one of those unsung treasures of ASM; she has worked diligently for the society, both locally and nationally, for over 35 years," describes nominator Fred Tenover of Cepheid. Baron has served as Chair of ASM's largest scientific division, Division C (Clinical Microbiology), and is now the Divisional Representative for Group 1. In addition, she is a Diplomate of the American Board of Medical Microbiology and a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. She has also been involved at the branch level, has served as a volume editor for four editions of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology, and has promoted the field of clinical microbiology to undergraduate and graduate students throughout the United States and the world. "I am in awe of her energy and her tireless efforts to not only promote ASM, but to promote the field of Medical Microbiology and to ensure a minimum standard of excellence in clinical laboratory practice throughout the world," says Karen Carroll, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

In addition to her extensive service to the ASM, Baron has also volunteered her time to many other entities. She is a past microbiology representative on the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee, and served for almost 10 years on the Council of Clinical Advisors for the NIH Clinical Laboratories. Baron has been on the editorial boards of several key clinical microbiology journals, has written or edited over 30 books and chapters, and is widely published in peer-reviewed journals in the area of diagnostic microbiology and infectious diseases (with over 100 publications). She is a past recipient of ASM's bioMrieux Sonnenwirth Award for Leadership in Clinical Microbiology and the Alice C. Evans Award for serving as a role model for women in the field. She won the Kenneth L. Vosti Teaching Award from the Infectious Diseases Division at Stanford, and is a Fellow of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Baron currently serves as a representative on the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute's Microbiology Area Resource Committee.

Baron is also very active in the field of diagnostic microbiology as a symposium presenter and author. For the World Health Organization, she co-developed the program for antimicrobial resistance monitoring and basic microbiology, which she presented in a number of resource-poor countries from 1995-1998 and again in 2005. In 2007, Baron developed a new basic microbiology training program for developing world sites, which has been presented in Colombia, Laos, Cambodia, Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique, China, Panama, and El Salvador, as well as in the U.S. This program is supported by grants from the Mrieux Foundation, Pan-American Health Organization, and ASM's LabCap Committee. The program will eventually be used throughout the entire developing world. Baron is Secretary-Treasurer of Diagnostic Microbiology Development Program, a non-profit organization that she co-founded to support microbiology laboratory development in the resource-limited areas of the world.

"In short, I can think of no one more deserving of an award for outstanding volunteer service, and for dedication to the pursuit of the goals of the ASM, than Baron," summarized Carroll. "She truly embodies the spirit of our discipline."

###

To view Dr. Baron's biosketch, please visit: http://www.asm.org/index.php/awards-grants/current-asm-founders-distinguished-service-award-laureate.html

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The American Society for Microbiology honors Ellen Jo Baron

World’s oldest marathon runner Fauja Singh, 101, reveals secret to longevity

Joshua Fowler, Reporter Wednesday, May 23, 2012 1:14 PM

The worlds oldest marathon runner has marked National Vegetarian Week by revealing that his no meat diet is the key to his health and longevity.

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Fauja Singh, 101, of Goodmayes completed nine marathons in the past 12 years, with the London marathon in April marking his retirement from the 26mile distance.

Though he maintains he will continue to run shorter races, the Turbaned Tornado claims the day he stops running will be the day my body stops altogether.

He said: I am told vegetarians tend to live an average of six to 10 years longer than meat-eaters do.

Age may bring wisdom, but if you want stamina, endurance and a lifetime of good health, turn to nutritious vegetarian foods.

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World’s oldest marathon runner Fauja Singh, 101, reveals secret to longevity

Cooper questions Tipp longevity

22 May 2012

The Premier County are currently on the crest of a wave having won the 2011 All-Ireland MFC and they are back in another provincial final at minor level this year.

While impressed by this unprecedented success, Kerry star Cooper says it will be very difficult to sustain that progress long-term in a dual county where hurling takes precedence.

Speaking before the counties clash in the Munster SFC at Thurles this weekend, the Dr Crokes dynamo says:

"Tipperary are making huge progress if you look at their minor success last year and their U21s.

"In a county like Tipperary, hurling is probably going to be always number one. They're going to be fighting a battle there.

"In counties like that, teams come along in cycles and you can be very, very strong for a couple of years and it might go back again a little bit.

"At the moment, Tipperary underage is higher than I've ever seen it. I could see them getting stronger but whether they can maintain that is the big question."

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Cooper questions Tipp longevity

On Andre Johnson's knee, longevity

Andre Johnson's bad 2011 was even worse than we thought.

Johnson missed nine games because of two different hamstring injuries.

"I hyperextended my (left) knee. It swoll up. Got the swelling to calm down. I came back during offseason workouts, it swoll up again. We felt like the best thing to do was get it scoped, get it fixed"

"I'm two weeks out from having a knee scope. I wasn't in any pain before I had it. It just kept holding fluid on it. I'm not in any pain now. My knee feels better, the swelling has pretty much gone down. Just keep doing rehab and (I'll) be ready for training camp.

"This is my tenth season. I've been through OTAs several times. I don't really feel like I'm missing anything right now."

In a broader sense, though, I think its fair to wonder if 2011 served as some sort of harbinger for Johnson.

He still ranks as one of the very best receivers in the league. But hell be 31 in July and going into his 10th season.

Will he face other situations this fall that make us consider if hes starting to break down?

Or will he rebound to show three different injuries in his ninth season amounted to a blip?

A lot of elite receivers play very effectively well into their 30s. Im expecting the rebound. But there is simply no predicting health or the timetable for when a guy reliant on his legs begins to slow.

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On Andre Johnson's knee, longevity

DNA trail leads to MBTA sexual assault suspect

Armed with DNA evidence, authorities today charged a Maryland man in an 8-year-old sexual assault in which they say he left biological evidence on a womans bag and clothes while riding a crowded Green Line trolley in 2004 just two years after allegedly committing the same crime in Washington, D.C.

Timothy L. Day, 52, of Bethesda, Md., pleaded not guilty to one count of indecent assault and battery in Suffolk Superior Court, where he was released on $1,500 cash bail. The charges followed an eight-year, interstate investigation with Metro Transit Police officers in Washington, D.C., who were investigating a similar offense in their subway system in 2002.

Prosecutors said a 23-year-old woman was riding an outbound B line train June 22, 2004, when a man now identified by authorities as Day boarded the train packed with fans heading to a Red Sox [team stats] game. The victim told police the man was pressed up from behind her onboard and when she exited the train at Kenmore station.

Police later obtained a DNA sample from her shoulder bag, which was run through a DNA database.

They got a match to the unsolved case in Washington, D.C., and in 2005, indicted John Doe based on what the Suffolk district attorneys office called his unique genetic profile.

In January 2011, police said they were able to connect Day to the DNA after federal authorities entered his profile into the database after a federal conviction. Day was arrested last week and was ordered at an extradition hearing to turn himself over to Transit Police.

Suffolk District Attorney Daniel Conley applauded authorities for their outstanding work in charging what he called a serial offender. He said when Day returns to court June 27, prosecutors will ask for a confirmation DNA swab to check against the evidence from the womans bag.

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DNA trail leads to MBTA sexual assault suspect

Posted in DNA

DNA Memory: Rewritable Bit Storage Within Chromosome Of Living Cell Demonstrated

Engineers have invented a way to store a single rewriteable bit of data within the chromosome of a living cell--a kind of cellular switch that offers precise control over how and when genes are expressed.

For three years, Jerome Bonnet, Pakpoom Subsoontorn, and Drew Endy of Stanford University tinkered with the switch in Escherichia coli to get it just right. The team engineered the bacteria to contain the genes for both red and green fluorescent proteins, as well as the genes for two cut-and-paste enzymes adapted from a bacteriophage--a virus that infects bacteria. By rewriting a specific segment of DNA in the E. coli's chromosome with the bacteriophage enzymes, the researchers determined which color the bacteria glowed under ultraviolet light, flipping between a red or green aura for as many as 100 cell divisions. Endy and his colleagues call their system a recombinase addressable data (RAD) module.

After injecting their DNA into a bacterium, some bacteriophages immediately begin to make copies of themselves with the cell's native machinery. Other times, however, the bacteriophage DNA lies dormant in the bacteria's chromosome, only to jump into action later when triggered by environmental factors. Two bacteriophage enzymes in particular coordinate such changes: integrase--which can weave the viral DNA into the bacteria's chromosome--and excisionase, which cuts the viral DNA out again.

In earlier work, scientists discovered that by tweaking the sites on a bacterial chromosome where a bacteriophage attaches, they could get integrase to invert the DNA segment it inserts into a host chromosome, as if it were cutting out a word in a sentence and pasting it back in backwards and upside down. Endy and his colleagues wondered if they could coax integrase and excisionase to continually flip a segment of DNA between a standard and inverted position inside a living cell's chromosome--somewhat like the way an electronic or binary switch can be off or on, 0 or 1.

In addition to genes that code for these bacteriophage enzymes, and genes that code for red and green fluorescent proteins, Endy and his team introduced into the E. coli genome a specific promoter--a sequence of DNA that begins transcription, the process by which various enzymes and cellular machines translate DNA into RNA, which is eventually translated into working proteins. The promoter that Endy and his colleagues used only initiates transcription in one direction along the E. coli chromosome. In one position, the promoter sends enzymes zipping along the chromosome toward the section that includes the gene for the green fluorescent protein; when inverted, the promoter initiates transcription in the opposite direction, where the red fluorescent gene waits.

Endy, Bonnet and Subsoontorn continually flipped the promoter between the standard and inverted position--thereby determining which color the bacteria glowed--by flooding the bacterial cells with sequential pulses of antibiotics or sugar molecules that activated transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to DNA to turn certain genes on or off. One type of pulse amplified the expression of integrase alone; another pulse amplified the expression of both integrase and excisionase, inverting the promoter. The research is published online May 21 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"Thus far people have not been able to control flipping back and forth--they flip once and then they're done, or they flip randomly. The real technical advance here is to flip reliably back and forth as many times as we want. It's the rewriteability. As an analogy, writing info onto a blank CD once is not as useful as a rewritable CD."

By replacing the genes for red and green fluorescent proteins with whatever genes they want to study--and subsequently flipping the RAD module promoter back and forth--other researchers can precisely control genes of interest, Endy says. Recently, Endy spoke to some MIT undergraduate students who are trying to create a fail-safe for modified microorganisms that escape from the lab. Ideally, they would engineer the microorganisms to express a fatal gene only if they escaped--exactly the kind of problem that Endy thinks the RAD module can help solve.

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Posted in DNA

Scientists Create Rewritable DNA

May 22, 2012

Scientists have found a way to create rewritable digital data storage in DNA through means similar to binary coding.

The researchers worked to reapply natural enzymes adapted from bacteria to flip specific genetic sequences of DNA back and forth at will.

The scientists, who all work in the Department of Bioengineering at Stanford University Medical Center, said their method essentially works like that of binary computer coding.

Essentially, if the DNA section points in one direction, its a zero. If it points the other way, its a one, graduate student Pakpoom Subsoontorn said in a press release.

Assistant professor Dr. Drew Endy said that programmable data storage within the DNA of living cells could potentially be a powerful tool for studying cancer, aging, and organismal development.

The scientists could count how many times a cell divides, which could someday gives researchers the ability to turn off cells before they turn cancerous.

Their work is known as recombinase-mediated DNA inversion, which is the enzymatic process used to cut, flip and recombine DNA within the cell.

During the research, the team used a device known as a recombinase addressable data module, or RAD for short. They used RAD to modify a particular section of DNA within microbes that determine how the one-celled organisms will fluoresce under UV light.

The microbes glow red or green, depending upon the orientation of the section of DNA. The scientists can then flip the section back and forth at will.

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Scientists Create Rewritable DNA

Posted in DNA

Sheriff: Suspect Linked by DNA to Missing CA Teen

Police are intensifying their search for a Northern California teen missing for more than two months after arresting a man on suspicion of her murder and kidnapping.

Since 15-year-old Sierra LaMar disappeared on March 16, volunteers and authorities have searched fields, open spaces and reservoirs near Morgan Hill, a semi-rural community of 40,240 on the fringes of Silicon Valley. The Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office announced Tuesday that searches in reservoirs and waterways in the area will begin once again this week.

Antolin Garcia-Torres was arrested on suspicion of Sierra's kidnapping and murder Monday, after authorities said her DNA was found in his red Volkswagen Jetta and his DNA was found inside her bag.

Santa Clara County Sheriff Laurie Smith said the victim and Garcia-Torres did not know each other, and her abduction was believed to be a random act of violence.

"We believe this is the worst type of crime, a stranger abduction of a young girl," the sheriff said at a news conference attended by Sierra's family.

Investigators found Sierra's pink, Juicy Couture-brand handbag with clothing and a cellphone along the side of the road within two miles of her home shortly after her mother reported her missing in March.

AP

Garcia-Torres, 21, was linked to the case after his DNA taken during a previous assault arrest was linked to clothing found in the bag, authorities said. He was not charged in the previous case.

Garcia-Torres was arrested Monday more than two months after Sierra's disappearance prompted hundreds of volunteers to turn out for searches and authorities to conduct more than 12,000 hours of investigation.

Sierra was last seen leaving her home in Morgan Hill to go to school, and authorities believe she was kidnapped while walking to a school bus stop.

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Sheriff: Suspect Linked by DNA to Missing CA Teen

Posted in DNA

DNA links suspect to two rapes in Massillon

Authorities say DNA evidence helped link a Massillon man to two alleged sexual assaults reported more than two years apart by young city women.

Nathan Trammell, 40, whose last known address was 807 Dielhenn St. SE, Massillon, was indicted by a Stark County grand jury earlier this week on two counts each of rape, kidnapping and sexual battery. Sexually violent predator specifications are attached to each of the charges. The kidnapping charges also include sexual motivation specifications. Authorities arrested Trammell last week on warrants, court records show. Last week, Trammell pleaded not guilty at his arraignment in Common Pleas Court.

A final pre-trial hearing is set for June 4, and the case is scheduled to go to trial June 11. The case has been assigned to Judge Charles Brown. If convicted of all counts, including the sexual motivation and violent offender specifications, Trammell faces a potential sentence of 10 years to life in prison, according to county prosecutors.

Public Defender Stephen Reisch could not be reached for comment Tuesday.

According to the indictment, Trammell held a then-18-year-old woman against her will and sexually assaulted her in March 2009 at her residence. The second incident, which involved a then-20-year-old woman, allegedly occurred in May 2011 at a city residence. The sexual battery charges allege that the judgment of the victims was substantially impaired or they were unaware that the act was being committed. The victims did not know each other.

From our understanding, he did not have a (boyfriend-girlfriend) relationship with them, said Massillon police Det. Bobby Grizzard, who investigated the case.

Grizzard said police developed Trammell as a suspect after the first victim stepped forward. Physical evidence was obtained from the victim, he said, but police lacked a DNA comparison from Trammell.

Police also identified Trammell as a suspect in the second case, which occurred under circumstances similar to the first. The investigation wasnt solidified, however, until last February when police obtained a DNA standard from Trammell following his arrest on an unrelated charge. That evidence was forwarded to the Canton-Stark County Crime Lab for testing and the results tied Trammell to both cases.

Although the DNA is an important part of the case, there are other variables (such as victim statements) that also helped to tie things together, Grizzard said.

Grizzard declined to say if alcohol was involved in either of the incidents.

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DNA links suspect to two rapes in Massillon

Posted in DNA

Rewritable DNA memory shown off

22 May 2012 Last updated at 09:01 ET

Researchers in the US have demonstrated a means to use short sections of DNA as rewritable data "bits" in living cells.

The technique uses two proteins adapted from viruses to "flip" the DNA bits.

Though it is at an early stage, the advance could help pave the way for computing and memory storage within biological systems.

A team reporting in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences say the tiny information storehouses may also be used to study cancer and aging.

The team, from Stanford University's bioengineering department, has been trying for three years to fine-tune the biological recipe they use to change the bits' value.

The bits comprise short sections of DNA that can, under the influence of two different proteins, be made to point in one of two directions within the chromosomes of the bacterium E. coli.

The data are then "read out" as the sections were designed to glow green or red when under illumination, depending on their orientation.

The two proteins, integrase and excisionase, were taken from a bacteriophage - a virus that infects bacteria. They are involved in the DNA modification process by which the DNA from a virus is incorporated into that of its host.

The trick was striking a balance between the two counteracting proteins in order to reliably switch the direction of the DNA section that acted as a bit.

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Rewritable DNA memory shown off

Posted in DNA

Synthetic Biologists Turn DNA Into Rewritable, Digital Data Storage | 80beats

DNA is a great way to store informationjust ask your cells. Its molecules are stable, and billions of base pairs coil neatly into a few microns in a cell nucleus.While its easy for a cell to read information from DNA, a cell cant rewrite new data into its DNA sequence.

But now synthetic biologists at Stanford have managed to pull off that very trick. To do so, they had to abandon the genetic code of ATCG and get a DNA sequence to act like bitspieces of binary informationin a computer.The memory system uses two enzymes that can cut out and reintegrate a sequence of DNA in a live cell. Crucially, the attachment sites are designed so that the DNA sequence can be flipped every time it is put back in. The sequence oriented one way would represent 1, and its inversion is 0.

This maysound unnecessarily convoluted and maybe even a little inefficientthis DNA bit took three years to engineerbut synthetic biologists have something bigger brewing on their hands. By working out the pieces of a biological circuit, they hope to get cells to perform computations. A DNA bit, for example, can be used as a counter for cell divisions, perhaps as part of circuitry that shuts down a cell when division goes awry, as in cancer.

This paper published in PNAS comes from the lab of Drew Endy, an assistant professor at Stanford best known for his work withBioBricks. BioBricks are a set of standardized DNA sequences that synthetic biologists can snap together into a biological circuitanalogous to the wires, transistors, and capacitors of an electronic circuit. (To learn more, read thisWired feature about Endy and BioBricks.)Scientists have gotten RNA or DNA sequences to act like computers before, understanding Boolean logic and even doing square roots.

The principles behind biocircuitry are simplethe challenge is getting them to work in the messy, wetware environment of a cell. Rewritable data storage in the DNA of live cells gets it one step closer.

[via Scientific American]

Image via Shutterstock / ermess

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Synthetic Biologists Turn DNA Into Rewritable, Digital Data Storage | 80beats

Posted in DNA

Research and Markets: 2012 Encyclopedia of Radicals in Chemistry, Biology and Materials Highlights the Growing …

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/wdl5r8/encyclopedia_of_ra) has announced the addition of John Wiley and Sons Ltd's new book "Encyclopedia of Radicals in Chemistry, Biology and Materials" to their offering.

Over the last two decades the application of free radicals in organic synthesis, materials science and life science has steadily increased, this Encyclopedia presents methodologies and mechanisms involving free radicals of chemical and biological research, including applications in materials science and medicine.

The aim of this Encyclopedia is to offer for the first time a description of free radicals within an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary context, connecting structural characteristics and chemical properties to their applications in different areas of chemistry and related disciplines.

It covers not only basic concepts and chemical synthesis, but also touches on various aspects concerning the role of free radicals in materials and life sciences. The reader will find a balanced contribution of topics related to free radicals covering for example, their role in proteomics, genomics and lipidomics as well as their enormous potential in synthesis and technology.

Covers topical areas such as:

- Alzheimer's disease and antioxidants in food within medicine and life sciences

- Synthesis and catalysis, combustion and atmospheric chemistry within chemistry

- Ageing and signalling in biological processes

Of interest to anybody working in the field of free radicals in the broadest sense. It will address scientists who want to enter the interdisciplinary field of free radicals. In particular, it is aimed primarily at chemists and life science researchers who want to gain a wider and deeper understanding of free radicals which will allow them to apply free radicals in their own scientific field.

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Research and Markets: 2012 Encyclopedia of Radicals in Chemistry, Biology and Materials Highlights the Growing ...

Amarillo biology students take the classroom outside

Readmore: Local, News, Davon Morris, Derek Uries, Caprock High School, Kristen Barrett and Biology Teacher, US Fish and Wildlife Service, David Pipkin, Adrian Escobar and Natural Resource Specialist, Cross Bar Ranch, Natural Sciences and Learning Outside, Amarillo Students take Classroom Outside

Every student is different when it comes to the best way to learn a lesson.

For instance, some like total silence when they studyand some like to study listening to loud music.

But many students have a better time learning through hands-on experiences.

Tuesday, students fromAmarillo's high schools spent the afternoon on a 12,000-acre stretch of land learning about the natural sciences.

DavonMorris andDerekUries,both freshman fromCaprockHighSchool,talked about how much they enjoyed combining learning with the outdoors.

"We're learning about nature and a lot of animalsI'd really never heard of," saidUries. "It's just an awesome experience coming out here."

It is the first year they have tried the outdoor classroom at Cross Bar Ranch.

KristenBarrett, the biology teacher who started the program, says being outside is the best way to really understand the natural sciences.

"We just got done learning about evolution and a lot of them had seen bugs that were different colors and they said oh wow they're different than the ones in town," said Barrett."So they're really making a connection and enjoying being out of the classroom."

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Amarillo biology students take the classroom outside

Research and Markets: Chemistry and Biology of Artificial Nucleic Acids

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/qw3xhx/chemistry_and_biol) has announced the addition of John Wiley and Sons Ltd's new book "Chemistry and Biology of Artificial Nucleic Acids" to their offering.

This is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of artificial nucleic acids. Covering a tremendous amount of literature on the chemistry, biology, and structure of artificial nucleic acids, it will constitute an invaluable source of information for the specialist and for young researchers interested in starting a career in this fascinating field of research alike.

This book combines the contributions of many of the major players in this research field, and covers the synthesis of sugar-, base- and backbone-modified nucleic acids, their structural characteristics studied by X-ray crystallography, and NMR in solution as well as their chemical and biological properties.

Key Topics Covered:

- Nucleic Acids with a Six-membered Carbohydrate Mimic in the backbone

- Oligonucleotide N3 P5 Phosphoramidates and Thio-Phoshoramidates as Potential Therapeutic Agents

- From Anionic to Cationic a-Anomeric Oligodeoxynucleotides

- The Resurgence of Acyclic Nucleic Acids

- Exotic DNAs Made of Nonnatural Bases and Natural Phosphodiester Bonds

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Research and Markets: Chemistry and Biology of Artificial Nucleic Acids