Author Archives: Fredricko

Prominent diabetes researcher chosen to lead A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute – University of Michigan Health System News (press release)

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ANN ARBOR, Mich. Diabetes and obesity researcher Charles Burant, M.D., Ph.D., has been named the new director of the A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute at Michigan Medicine.

He succeeds distinguished neurology professor Eva Feldman, M.D., Ph.D., who for 10 years served as founding director of the A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, the only organization of its kind created expressly to support medical doctors who also perform research in the quest for new treatments and cures.

Through the gift of A. Alfred Taubman and the generous contributions of others, the Institute has created a community of scholars who work collaboratively to advance discovery in many medical fields.

Burant is Michigan Medicines Robert C. and Veronica Atkins Professor of Metabolism endowed chair, and professor of internal medicine in the department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes. He also is a professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology in the U-M Medical School, as well as in the U-M Schools of Public Health and Kinesiology.

Burant developed and is director of the Michigan Metabolomics and Obesity Center, which provides infrastructure and expertise for researchers across the country to perform basic and clinical research in metabolism, obesity and diabetes. His personal research program studies how individual differences inmetabolism affect longevity and risk for metabolic diseases, spanning the range from basic to translational to clinical research.

Charles Burant, M.D., Ph.D.

Dr. Burant will be instrumental in implementing the strategies and priorities of the Taubman Institute. His broad expertise, experience in creating collaborative research teams, and commitment to discovery and innovation will help propel the Taubman Institute to new heights in research discovery to advance the understanding of health and disease, leading to new medical treatments, says Marschall S. Runge, M.D., Ph.D., dean of the U-M Medical School, and executive vice president for medical affairs at the University of Michigan.

We remain very grateful to the Taubman family for their continued support to make new discoveries possible.

Burant earned his M.D. and Ph.D. in molecular and cellular biology from the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. He then completed a residency at the University of California, San Francisco, and a fellowship in endocrinology at the University of Chicago before joining the U-M faculty in 1999.

About Michigan Medicine:At Michigan Medicine, we create the future of healthcare through the discovery of new knowledge for the benefit of patients and society; educate the next generation of physicians, health professionals and scientists; and serve the health needs of our citizens. We pursue excellence every day in our three hospitals, 125 clinics and home care operations that handle more than 2.1 million outpatient visits a year. The U-M Medical School is one of the nation's biomedical research powerhouses, with total research funding of more than $470 million. More information is available at http://www.michiganmedicine.org (link is external)

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Prominent diabetes researcher chosen to lead A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute - University of Michigan Health System News (press release)

Sex For Reproduction May Be Obsolete Within 30 Years Thanks To New Technology, Professor Predicts – Medical Daily

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Sure, the main purpose of sex isprocreation, but according to one researcher, in as little as 30 years, we may have more efficient and cheaper ways of making babiesthangood ole fashioned intercourse. According to Hank Greely, the director of StanfordLaw Schools Center for Law and Biosciences, human reproductionmay become automated faster than you realize.

Greely believes that within three decades, people will no longer have sex as a way to reproduce, and instead relyongenetically edited embryos grown from skin-derived stem cells, not the combination of an egg or sperm, The Independent reported. According to Greely, this processensures that the embryo is free from any devastating genetic diseases, and wouldalso be cheaper in the long run because of the money it would save in healthcare over the years. Whats more, Greely predicts that couples would be able to choose other genetic traits in their children, such as physical features and intelligence.

Read: What Is A Three Parent IVF Technique? Worlds First Baby Born Using DNA From Three Parents, But How?

I dont think were going to be able to say this embryo will get a 1550 on its two-part SAT, Greely said this week at Aspen Ideas Festival, Quartz reported, But, this embryo has a 60% chance of being in the top half, this embryo has a 13% chance of being in the top 10%I think thats really possible.

The idea may soundfar-out, but according to Quartz, it already happens on a much smaller and limited scale as a way to prevent certain diseases. Although extremely expensive at the moment, advances in stem cell technology willhelp to drive down the cost. In addition, the amount that the government would save on not having to take care of sick babies would also make this more cost-efficient.

Making babies from skin cellsrather than a traditional egg fertilized with spermmaysound like its straight out of Hollywood, butthetechnology is quickly advancing. The skin cells, one from the mother and the other from the father, are coaxed into becoming an egg or sperm cell, The New York Times reported. This also means that one day same-sex couples may be able to have biologically related children. So far, vitro gametogenesis (IVG), or making sex cells from stem cells, has only worked on mice.

Theres also the worry that being able to genetically manipulate your offspring may lead to a eugenicssituation where less favorable traits get written out of the human genome forever. However, Greely also believes this is not the case.

This is not designer babies or super babies, said Greely, Quartz reported. This is selecting embryos. You take two people, all you can get out of a baby is what those two people have.

Just because well no longer need sex for procreation doesnt mean the activity is going out of fashion anytime soon. It's agreat way to createfuture generations, and sexis also good for your physical and mental health, as well as keeping couples together.

See Also:

Designer Babies: The Truth Behind Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Scientists Edit Human Embryo Genes For First Time Ever: A Step Toward Disease-Free Future?

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Sex For Reproduction May Be Obsolete Within 30 Years Thanks To New Technology, Professor Predicts - Medical Daily

Using Nanotechnology for Space Elevators, Direct Cell Delivery – Edgy Labs (blog)

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The infinitely small nanotech world helps science take great leaps forward, from therapeutic nanosystems treating the body to space elevators.

In recent years, advances in nanosciences have been so numerous and varied that they affect the progression of many different scientific fields.

Whether in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine or space, nanotechnologies help many scientific disciplines to overcome limitations. Harnessing the power of the very small enables the development of novel solutions and the revisiting of old concepts that until now remained inaccessible.

Here are two potential futuristic concepts, for space and medical applications, that were discussed by a panel of researchers and scientists at Future Con, held at the Walter E. Washington Convention Centerin Washington D.C. from June 16th to the 18th.

For over a century, space elevators have been heralded as a potential revolutionary space transportation system. In 1895, Constantin Tsiolkovsky, a Russian scientist proposed a celestial castle that would float in Earths geosynchronous orbit (GEO), attached to a high tower on the ground via cables.

Naturally, speculative writers have used variations of space elevators as plot devices. In his 1979 novel The Fountains of Paradise, Arthur C. Clarke describes the construction of the first space elevator in the 22nd century.

Imagine an elevator that goes a couple hundred miles up with nothing but wires to lift it from a ground station to one floating in space. The project sounds unfathomable, but thanks to nanotechnology, it is now scientifically viable.

Lourdes Salamanca-Riba, Professor at A. James Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland thinks that if cables were to be made from steel, the system would collapse under its own weight. Salamanca-Riba, who spoke at Future Con, proposed instead carbon nanotubes.

One-atom-thick carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are ultralight but extremely resistant and strong, which makes them perfect to make cables that carry the space elevator to a space base, 10,000 miles up.

With the longest synthesized CNT ever is 50 centimeters long, theres a long way to go until carbon nanotubes that can reach beyond Earths atmosphere are scalable.

Another panelist at the Future Con was Jordan Green, an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Maryland, who made the observation that, in order to replicate, some viruses integrate their genes into the genome of a cell.

Green then discussed special nanosystems as a means to send genetic information to infected cells to cure them.

For some cancers and hemophilia, such systems could be used to genetically modify infected cell. By restoring and/or repairing genetic inadequacies or errors, affected cells can heal and regain their normal function withoutbeing destroyed.

For cancer, targeted gene therapycould encourage cancerous cells to halt malignant spread and even self-destruct.

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Using Nanotechnology for Space Elevators, Direct Cell Delivery - Edgy Labs (blog)

Anatomy Of A Love Triangle: Jealous Teen Strangles And Dismembers Classmate – Oxygen (blog)

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January 21, 2005: Police in East Moline, Illinois, got a call from a man named Tony Reynolds. His daughter Adrianne was missing. According to Adriannes father, the 16-year-old hadnt come home after school that afternoon, or shown up for her after-school job at a local fast-food restaurant.

He told Snapped on Oxygen: I knew immediately something was wrong, because she didnt go to work. She loved going to work. Shed get ready an hour before she was supposed to be there. Her boss said she would never miss work. She was a dependable kid.

Adrianne Reynolds had recently moved up to Illinois from Texas, just a couple months earlier. Her classmates, Cory Gregory and Sarah Kolb, were the last ones to be seen with her.

Like Adrienne, Sarah Kolb knew what it was like to be the new kid in town. She was born into a military family that traveled all over the world. Sarah was trying to find her identity, and she found solace in the horror-themed hip-hop group called the Insane Clown Posse. She and Cory met and become friends a year earlier, after meeting at a local mall and sharing a joint. They were inseparable. It was common knowledge that Cory had a crush on Sarah but Sarah was more into girls. Sarah and Cory started hanging out with the local group of Juggalos and after years of feeling like an outcast, Sarah finally felt like she fit in. She became the groups leader, the alpha female. She was the one who called the shots.

Then Adrienne Reynolds showed up.Adrianne had grown up fast. She was smoking pot almost daily as a youth and she went into treatment for crystal meth as a young teen. In November of 2004, two months after her sixteenth birthday, she was sent to Illinois to live with her father. The first time Sarah laid eyes on Adrianne, she told a friend, Look at her. Shes hot.

The feeling was mutual. They two teens wanted to date each other.

After a few weeks of flirtatious note passing, the girls went off to a party together. Adrianne got romantic, but not with Sarah. Adrianne left the party for a few hours, and when she came back she allegedly told Sarah that she had slept with two guys she met at the party. After that confession, Sarah decided that she didnt want to date Adrianne anymore but Adrianne wasnt ready to give up. She began pursuing Sarah and wrote her letters stating, Oh, I really like you. Give me a second chance.

Sarah began telling everyone that she was going to kick Adriannes ass.For weeks, the teens went back and forth. Adrianne would write notes to Sarah asking, Why do you hate me? Why do you hate me so much? Why are you telling everybody you want to kick my ass?

After that party Sarah just thought that she was, she felt threatened by her I guess, like she thought that she was gonna take all of her friends, leave her all alone, said Jonathan Polanchek, a friend of Adriannes.

On January 21, 2005, Sarah finally talked to Adrienne in the school hallway, asking her to lunch. They headed off to Taco Bell and Adrianne was never seen again.

That evening, Tony Reynolds called the East Moline Illinois police to report Adrianne missing. Based on what Adriannes father and stepmother told them about Adrianne's life, police initially thought the teen had just run away from home. But she had left her paycheck and all her clothes behind.

Police were soon given the names of Sarah Kolb and Cory Gregory. An officer called Sarah. She told the officer that after lunch, she had dropped Adrianne off at McDonalds, at Adriannes request.

If you do hear anything, I would appreciate it if you would call me and let me know, Sarah told police.

Police also called Cory. He said he was with the girls, and that they had gotten into a disagreement over something on the way to Taco Bell.

Police called Sarah again. She explained that the argument in the car was over a letter that Adrianne had written to Cory.

She had been hanging out with my friend who likes me and I like him, but she likes him and we got into an argument about that because she wouldnt leave him alone," Sarah said over the phone.

Sarah was soon interviewed in an interrogation room at the police station. She said that she and Adrianne had argued, got into a punching match and then parted ways. Police asked if Adrianne was in good condition when Sarah left, and Sarah replied yes.

Corys family began noticing that something was bothering the teen. He was unable to sleep for days. Guilt was eating away at him.

Four days after Adriannes disappearance, Corys father called police and said his son wanted to talk.

Cory told police that Sarah had been angry when she drove to Taco Bell that Friday. He said that Sarah was mad at Adrianne because Sarah did not want Adrianne to hang out with her friends anymore, especially her best friend Cory. Cory said that when Adrianne had started writing him notes, Sarah decided she needed to put her foot down. But Adrianne wasnt having it. The two teens started punching and choking each other. Cory told police that he stayed completely out of the fight, that he was mostly looking out the car window during the altercation. When Cory claimed he decided to intervene, the fight was over. Sarah had locked Adrianne into a chokehold. Adrianne was blue in the face. Cory said she was dead at that point.Cory claimed Sarah then came up with a body disposal plan. He said they drove out to Sarahs house, where she picked up a gas can out of the garage. Then the duo drove to Sarahs grandparents farm. Cory told detectives that they had driven to a secluded spot in the woods on the back of the property. Then, Cory said he waited in the car while Sarah tried to dispose of Adriannes body: he said Sarah took the body out of the trunk all by herself and dragged it over to an area, put a tarp on the body before pouring gas on it, and lit Adrianne on fire. The body burned, according to Cory, but not as much as Sarah hoped. Sarah allegedly lit her on fire, poured more gas on her -- at least three or four different times. Then, the pair decided to sleep on it and brainstorm how to get rid of the body. Cory told the detectives that he helped cover the charred body with brush.

Sarah dropped Cory off at his house and then she went home. On Saturday, Sarah had to work. It wasnt until Sunday that he and Sarah came back to the farm -- with a saw. Adriannes head and hands were cut off because they are identifying pieces of the body. Cory claimed Sarah dismembered Adrianne before leaving Adriannes torso and legs in a ravine on the farm. They then took the head and the arms in a trash bag and drove out to Black Hawk State Park where Sarah dumped Adriannes remains along a trail, at the bottom of a storm sewer.

Police, Cory and his lawyers went to the state park and Cory led detectives to the manhole. In it, a black plastic garbage bag with Adriannes head and the arms.

The next day, Sarah was taken into custody. She refused to do another interview or give a statement. Both of the teenagers were charged with first-degree murder.

17-year-old Sarah Kolbs murder trial began on Halloween 2005. In its open, the defense went after Cory, claiming that the statement he gave the police was a cover-up. The defense stated that Cory was the real killer. To prove that Sarah was the one behind Adriannes death, the prosecution showed the jury Sarahs personal journals. In one entry, Sarah wrote, I want to [expletive] kill her. Classmate Nathan Gaudet was called to the stand by the prosecution. He said that Sarah didnt cut up Adriannes body. He did.

Nathan said that on the Sunday after Adrianne went missing, Sarah and Cory had called him to ask if he wanted to see something cool. He testified that they asked, Hey Nate, you wanna come see a dead body?

Nathan told jurors that he brought over a saw and helped Sarah and Cory dismember Adriannes body. They took the head and the arms in a trash bag, threw it in the trunk of their car, and stopped at the Mc
Donalds drive-thru to eat before going to the park. Nathan said he did it out of loyalty.

I thought I was just helping a couple of friends out.

He said that Sarah and Cory were laughing at the corpse, telling Adrianne that she deserved what she got for being promiscuous.

In court, Sarah admitted that she and Adrianne had fought in the Taco Bell parking lot, but said that it was Cory who killed her. She said that she didnt have the strength in her hands to strangle somebody. Sarah was emotionless as she described the death.

The jury just couldnt decided. The trial ended in a hung jury.

So, Sarah went on trial a second time. This time, the defense made a dramatic change. They didnt call Sarah to the stand.

I dont think anyone expected during the first trial she would be so cold and so emotionless and that probably hurt her, said Nicol Lally, a reporter who covered the trials.

On February 22nd, the jury found Sarah Kolb guilty of murder. She was sentenced to 48 years for murder, to be served without parole. She also received five additional years for concealing a homicide. Sarah Kolb said at her sentencing that she felt nothing as Adrianne died.

She was cold, very cold for 16, said Tony Reynolds.

Sarah has exhausted her appeals. When released from prison, she will be at least 66 years old. Cory pled guilty to one count of first-degree murder, and was sentenced to 45 years in prison. Nathan Gaudet served three years for concealing a homicide.

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Anatomy Of A Love Triangle: Jealous Teen Strangles And Dismembers Classmate - Oxygen (blog)

Anatomy of a Goal: Villalba’s Dagger – Massive Report

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Welcome to the Anatomy of a Goal, where each week we dissect one goal (or near goal) from the previous weeks Columbus Crew SC match.

For match 19 of the 2017 MLS Season, we take a look at Hector Villalbas 64th minute goal that put Atlanta United up 2-0 as part of their win over Crew SC on Saturday.

Here is a look at the finish from the Atlanta winger.

Though Columbus dominated possession for much of the first half, the team never really threatened Atlanta. Usually possession oriented, the Five Stripes were happy to lose the possession battle with the Black and Gold, instead focusing on long balls into open spaces. Just like Nathaniel Marhefka predicted in his lineup preview, Atlanta exploited the space vacated by Crew SCs attack-minded right winger and right fullback. Villalbas second goal is a direct result of the Five Stripes getting into the vacant space on the Columbus defensive right.

As usual, Nate absolutely nailed his focal area when he said to expect a tug-of-war between [Harrison] Afful and [Ethan] Finlay for Crew SC & [Yamil] Asad and [Greg] Garza for Atlanta United.

Atlantas second goal begins with their No. 10, Miguel Almiron, receiving the ball just inside the Black and Golds defensive half. Marked by Wil Trapp, Almiron has three options. He can continue his dribble, make a quick pass straight ahead to Greg Garza, or play a long pass to Yamil Asad into the space behind Harrison Afful.

Almiron opts for the more difficult pass over the top. Asad has already begun his run and will easily beat Afful, who gets caught sitting back on his heels.

Asad is by Afful before the ball hits the ground. If Asad is able to cleanly play the ball then hell have an easy chance on goal.

Lucky for Crew SC, Asad badly misplays the ball. Instead of letting the ball run ahead of him, the midfielder attempts to control the ball as it lands, sending it behind him. Defender Josh Williams, just to the right of Asad, does a good job to get near the Atlanta attacker, causing him to take that extra touch.

With the ball heading away from the Columbus goal, both Afful and Williams are in position to make a quick clearance before Asad can recover. Striker Josef Martinez has his own idea, and quickly moves toward the loose ball. Somehow, Martinez beats both Williams and Afful, neither of whom try to play the ball. Instead, both Black & Gold defenders act surprised at the misplay by Asad and fall back on defense rather than playing the ball back up the field.

Meanwhile, Artur, just beside the referee, hustles back.

Having beaten Afful and Williams to the ball, Martinez can either continue his dribble up the field, play a pass to Garza running up the wing or slot a pass to Asad. The pressure from Artur and Williams will force Martinez to play the ball out to Garza on the wing, away from his own goal.

As Garza receives the ball and is marked by Afful, he will fire a cross into the Crew SC goal box. Atlanta has three players (from left to right: Martinez, Asad and Villalba) in the area to receive Garzas cross. Three Columbus defenders (from left to right: Williams, Jonathan Mensah and Jukka Raitala) are in good positions to deny the Five Stripes attackers.

Williams is in the perfect position to win Garzas cross and sends a headed ball out to the top of the 18-yard box. Jonathan makes an awkward hop at the ball, but provides cover were Williams to miss his clearance.

This is an excellent bit of defensive coverage from the Black & Gold, calmly marking Atlantas attackers and clearing out a goal-scoring opportunity. Sadly, the Crew SC defense will be let down by their inability to stop the next cross.

That red highlighted blur is Almiron, who ran in from the midfield to win Williamss clearance right in front of Kekuta Manneh. Either by lack of communication or lack of awareness, Manneh totally missed Almiron running right toward the ball. Had he notice Almiron before the Atlanta attacker won the ball, Manneh could have made a clearance or quick pass to a wide open Trapp.

Having won the ball, Almiron will drive directly at Artur.

If Artur can slow or dispossess Almiron, he will have multiple passing options to start a counterattack. If Almiron beats Artur, Columbus will face another defensive scramble.

Your browser does not support HTML5 video.

As the above video shows, Artur halfheartedly stabs at Almiron and is beaten by the Five Stripes attacker, setting up an Atlanta cross.

Having blown by Artur, Almiron, with a difficult angle on goal, faces immediate pressure from Williams. The Five Stripes No. 10 will likely have to send a cross into the box.

Just below Almiron is Asad, who is not yet marked by Trapp and is wide open for a slotted pass to his feet. Martinez is available at the near post, but is marked by, the taller Jonathan. Villalba is at the top of the 18, and should be marked by Raitala if he makes a move toward goal.

As Almiron chips in his cross, the Black & Gold have Atlantas two options covered. Almirons decision to cross has taken Asad out of the immediate picture, and he will likely be pressured by Trapp if the ball pops out. Jonathan lets Martinez in behind him, but has six inches on the Atlanta striker. Raitala is aware of Villalbas position and has him covered. . . for now.

From the side angle, you can see that most of Atlantas attackers are covered. If Almiron were able to turn his hips quickly enough, he would have an easy pass right to the feet of Asad. However, things change as soon as the ball is played.

Just before the ball is played, Martinez floats a few feet behindJonathan. As the ball floats into the face of the goal, the center back fails to find Martinez and misjudges where the ball will land, allowing the shorter Martinez to contest him for a header. Raitala, unsure of what to do, sprints back toward the goal, leaving Villalba totally alone.

Comparing this image to the image above, you can see that Raitala has moved about two yards toward the goal, and is standing on the top line of the 6-yard box.

Though Jonathan misjudged the ball, he is able to contest Martinezs header, deflecting the ball out into the path of Villalba. Seeing the ball bounce out, Raitala oddly decides to keep heading toward the goal and plants his feet right on the goal line.

Your browser does not support HTML5 video.

In the above video, you can clearly see Raitala sprint back toward his goal like he thinks the ball is heading right into the net. It seems Raitala thought that he needed to cover the back post of the goal, which seems odd given Steffen not having come off his line and Jonathan being in position to deflect the cross.

With his main defensive threat inexplicably standing on the goal line, Villalba moves toward the ball headed right into his path. Jonathan is forced to scramble into Villalbas path.

Villalba has ample time to settle the bouncing ball as Jonathan scrambles to defend.

Jonathan is able to get in a decent position but is just a half second too late to block Villalbas shot . . .

. . . and Atlanta takes a 2-0 lead.

Findings

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Anatomy of a Goal: Villalba's Dagger - Massive Report

NAS Releases Final Report on Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology – JD Supra (press release)

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NAS Releases Final Report on Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology - JD Supra (press release)

Pharmacogenomics Market: Improving Healthcare Infrastructure in APAC Incrementing Demand – Edition Truth

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Therapeutic applications such as cardiology, oncology, neurological disorder, and pain management will keep the global Pharmacogenomics Market in good stead in the near future.

Rising usage of Pharmacogenomics in drug discovery processes, prevalence of various infectious as well as non-infectious diseases, growing demand for personalized drugs, and increasing awareness regarding the benefits of customized medication are some of the key factors augmenting the demand in the global pharmacogenomics market. The concept of pharmacogenomics has the ability to serve subpopulations on the basis of susceptibility to particular disease, as individual response of a drug depends on genetic composition. Rise in investment in research and development and advancement in technology pharmacogenomics engineering to create in vivo environment are some of the other factors favoring the global pharmacogenomics market. Some of the drugs used for pharmacogenomics tests are thiopurines, warfarin, clopidogrel, abacavir, irinotecan, phenytoin, and carbamazepine. These tests are useful for diseases such as autoimmune or childhood leukemia, excessive clotting disorder, cancer, cardiovascular, HIV, psychiatric and related diseases, and epilepsy.

On the other hand, the lack of consistency in pharmacogenomics products is one of the major hindrance of the expansion of the market. Nevertheless, the vendors operating in the pharmacogenomics market are expected to gain from increased focus on regenerative medicine and increased awareness of organ transplantation.

Technology-wise, the global pharmacogenomics market can be segmented into sequencing such as sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing, and next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and other technologies such as electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In the current scenario of the market, sequencing dominates the market, particularly since the advent of next generation sequencing, which offers high accuracy, increased throughput screening, and speed. Application-wise, the market can be bifurcated into oncology, pain management, cardiology, and neurological disorders.

Geographically, the report studies the potential of pharmacogenomics market in every major region such as North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East and Africa. Currently, North America is most profitable region, gaining most of the demand from the developed countries of the U.S. and Canada. However, Asia Pacific is also expected to increment the demand steadily during the forecast period due to improving healthcare facilities in a number of emerging economies.

Some of the most prominent players operating in the global pharmacogenomics market are GE Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, GeneDX, Pfizer, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., AstraZeneca plc, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Assurex Health, Affymetrix, Inc., Bayer AG, Illumina, Inc., Merck & Co, Myriad Genetics, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Pathway Genomics, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Qiagen, Inc., and Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Download a PDF Brochure ofPharmacogenomics Market Research Report http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=B&rep_id=3615

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Pharmacogenomics Market: Improving Healthcare Infrastructure in APAC Incrementing Demand - Edition Truth

GEN Roundup: Top Trends in Tissue Engineering – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

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References

1. F.T. Moutos et al., Anatomically shaped tissue-engineered cartilage with tunable and inducible anticytokine delivery for biological joint resurfacing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113 (31) E4513E4522, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1601639113.

2. B. Zhang et al., Biodegradable scaffold with built-in vasculature for organ-on-a-chip engineering and direct surgical anastomosis, Nat. Materials 15, 669678 (2016), doi:10.1038/nmat4570.

3. S. Shukla et al., Progenitor T-cell differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells using Delta-like-4 and VCAM-1, Nat. Methods 14(5), 531-538 (May 2017),doi: 10.1038/nmeth.4258. Epub Apr 10, 2017.

4. M.M. Pakulska, S. Miersch, and M.S. Shoichet, Designer protein delivery: from natural occurring to engineered affinity controlled release systems, Science 351(6279):aac4750, doi: 10.1126/science.aac4750.

5. M.M. Pakulska, C.H. Tator, and M.S. Shoichet, Local delivery of chondroitinase ABC with or without stromal cell-derived factor 1 promotes functional repair in the injured rat spinal cord, Biomaterials (accepted April 2017).

6. TissueGene, TissueGene to Highlight Invossa, the Worlds First Cell-Mediated Gene Therapy for Degenerative Osteoarthritis, at JP Morgan Healthcare Conference, Press Release,accessed June 12, 2017.

7. O.J.L. Rackham et al., A predictive computational framework for direct reprogramming between human cell types, Nat. Genetics 48, 331335 (2016), doi:10.1038/ng.3487.

8. D.B. Kolesky et al., Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissue, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113 (12), 31793184, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1521342113.

9. M.M. Laronda et al., A Bioprosthetic Ovary Created Using 3D Printed Microporous Scaffolds Restores Ovarian Function in Sterilized Mice, Nat. Commun. 8, 15261 (May 16, 2017).

10. I. Sagi et al., Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells, Nature 532, 107111 (April 7, 2016), doi:10.1038/nature17408.

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GEN Roundup: Top Trends in Tissue Engineering - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

What is the future of nanotechnology in food? – Food Dive

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Dive Brief:

Nanotechnology in the food industry is expected to nearly triple in value to $20.4 billion by 2020, with several emerging areas for innovation, reports New Food Magazine.

Engineered nanotech compounds could offer great benefits in ingredients particularly for increased solubility and bioavailabilityas well as in food packaging with antimicrobial surfaces and sensors that change color when food begins to degrade.

In the food sector, there has been a 40% increase in publications and a 90% increase in patent filings involving nanotechnology in the past two decades. More than 1,000 companies now have an R&D focus on nanotechnology-based products. Future applications could include immobilizing enzymes to improve their efficiency and reuse, and using nanoscale structures to create new food textures.

Nanotechnology refers to controlling compounds on a molecular scale measured in nanometers, or millionths of meters. In the food industry, the technology has excited manufacturers as its potential uses have been explored, such as producing stronger flavors or colors, improving the bioavailability of nutrients, and detecting bacteria in packaging.

However, early enthusiasm from researchers and product developers was met with pushback from consumers who were concerned about the technologys safety. Since then, the FDA has released guidelines on using nanotechnology in food, but the industry has been wary about how it communicates nanotech-based innovation with consumers.

Nanoscale compounds in food are not new. They exist naturally in milk,with nanoscale casein particles responsible for its fat stability. Meanwhile,more than 1,600 consumer products contain engineered nanoscale particles, according to an inventory run by The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies. They are already widely used in the food packaging sector to help ensure food quality and safety. Nanotech-based sensors can detect and measure the presence of oxygen or bacteria, such as listeria.

In the ingredient sector, nanotechnology is still more widely used in supplements. However,nanoencapsulation could be used to protect sensitive compounds like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids so they could be delivered only when they reach the gut. That would improve how they are absorbed by the body, and reduce their impact on a products taste and appearance.

Communicating the benefits of nanotechnology in food is still one of the industrys biggest challenges, and some say it is slowing development in the sector. However, with diverse applications covering everything from improved food safety to better nutrition, reduced food waste, and biodegradable packaging, it is inevitable that consumers will start to see more nanoscale compounds in consumer products in the coming years.

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What is the future of nanotechnology in food? - Food Dive

CEINT Seeks Comments on Proposed ISA-TAB-Nano Templates – Nanotechnology News

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Home > Nanotechnology Columns > Bergeson & Campbell, P.C. > CEINT Seeks Comments on Proposed ISA-TAB-Nano Templates

Abstract: The Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) seeks comments on the NANoREG-proposed ISA-TAB-nano templates.

July 3rd, 2017

The Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) seeks comments on the NANoREG-proposed ISA-TAB-nano templates. See http://ceint.duke.edu/research/nikc/isa-tab-nano According to CEINT, the ISA-TAB-nano file sharing format, developed under the National Cancer Informatics Program Nanotechnology Working Group (NCIP NanoWG), is an accepted ASTM standard (ASTM International E2909-13). In 2016, the European Union NANoREG project adopted and adapted the ISA-TAB-nano format to organize consistently the results of their network of researchers. According to CEINT, to create the templates, NANoREG followed the logic of the original ISA-TAB-nano formatting, but drew upon relevant existing ontologies and extended it to incorporate additional endpoints and methods not addressed in the original standard. CEINT is working with researchers at Oregon State University and the NCIP NanoWG to update and extend the ISA-TAB-nano templates. CEINT seeks comments on the following proposed templates:

- Physical-chemical characterizations comment forms; - In vivo mammalian toxicity comment forms; - In vitro mammalian toxicity comment forms; and - General feedback regarding expanded (nonstandard) ISA-TAB-nano templates.

Comments are due August 1, 2017.

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CEINT Seeks Comments on Proposed ISA-TAB-Nano Templates - Nanotechnology News

‘Mystery of Chemistry’ heads north – International Falls Journal

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Another free program will soon be offered through the Arrowhead Library System in the Borderland area.

Mad Science of Minnesota Mystery of Chemistry will take place at 2:30 p.m. in the Northome Community Room on July 14.

The program will include an official mad scientist from Mad Science of Minnesota. Attendees will be able to watch as a series of experiments are conducted, including liquid changing into a rainbow of colors and the magic of Styrofoam melting.

The mad scientist will also mix up a gooey, foaming paste and an eerie, smoking genie in an ordinary water bottle. The event will be a fun and educational program for families and kids, said a press release.

Mad Science is the worlds leading science enrichment provider. Mad Science delivers unique hands-on science experiences for children that are as entertaining as they are educational. It encourages scientific literacy in children in an age when science is as vital as reading, writing and arithmetic.

For over 25 years, Mad Science has invested in research and development and continues to do so being the forefront of the industry, creating hands-on science programming for kids.

The Mystery of Chemistry program is most suitable for ages 4-12.

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'Mystery of Chemistry' heads north - International Falls Journal

Kellyn Acosta: Chemistry solid in US squad despite new players – ESPN FC

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Kellyn Acosta reflects on his game-winning goal vs. Ghana, his desire to bag more, and his partnership with Dax McCarty.

Kellyn Acosta says the United States' team chemistry was "pretty high" after a 2-1 friendly win over Ghana on Saturday, in spite of a number of new faces being called in for the Gold Cup.

Acosta curled a free kick around the wall for his first international goal after debutant Dom Dwyer opened the scoring and the U.S. comfortably saw out the victory in East Hartford, Connecticut.

The friendly was the new-look U.S. squad's only test before the Gold Cup begins next weekend, but Acosta said the team was already coming together.

"I thought we stuck as a team," Acosta told ESPN after the game. "New faces, but our chemistry was pretty high. We got guys moving around for each other, working hard, battling. It was a great start to what's going to be a good tournament.

"I'm glad the guys battled and fought for 90-plus minutes and got the result that we wanted."

U.S. coach Bruce Arena put Acosta in as a holding midfielder alongside Dax McCarty, and the FC Dallas man had no complaints about playing with a new partner.

"I thought it went well," Acosta said. "Obviously it's definitely tough getting to know a new face, we kind of just jumped right in there, but overall I thought we had a good game. I thought there were times I went forward, he fell back and vice versa, so I thought for the first game plan, we did a pretty good job."

Acosta has recently become the American's go-to taker from free kick situations and delivered his first goal in his ninth international appearance.

"It was definitely a proud moment, a happy moment," he said. "I've been working hard for it and I was happy to put it away. Hopefully it's the first of many. I was glad just to get that first one under my belt so hopefully I can continue scoring. I mean, Gold Cup's approaching, big game next week and hopefully I can get a goal then as well.

"I saw the keeper kind of cheating a little bit. My first one, I tried to put it over the wall and he was kind of already over there, so that means second one, I just tried to put it low in the corner and hope for the best -- maybe a rebound or going straight in and fortunately enough it went straight in, so I'm happy with it."

Dwyer was also thrilled to score his first goal and was optimistic that the team chemistry would only improve before next week's opener against Panama in Nashville.

"It was a fantastic feeling," he said of his goal. "I was very happy to get out there and get the start. I just wanted to show myself well and make an impact. ...

"There's a lot of positives to take from the game. We're still getting to know each other as players. It's going take a bit of time, but I think we're jelling well.

"It's a real good group, they welcomed me in well and a few of the other new guys, so we're just excited to get going and hopefully we can win the tournament."

Follow @ESPNFC on Twitter to keep up with the latest football updates.

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Integrative Medicine – holisticmedicalcare.net

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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Holistic Medical Care Clinic is proud to offer our hyperbaric oxygen chamber to anyone in the Tampa Bay area and surrounding areas. Using hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) increases oxygen up to 10 times normal concentration. This increased blood concentration expedites the healing in your body for a variety of conditions and can also be added with our widely popular IV Therapies. Learn More

Holistic Medical Care Clinic has utilized Prolozone Therapy Injection or Ozone Therapy Injection to treat individuals dealing with chronic pain. Prolozone 100% Oxygen injected into the body musculoskeletally and the O2 changes to O3 and signals growth factors to heal and repair the connective tissues. Prolozone Therapy is a non-surgical treatment and the results can be permanent (Currently seeing around 85% success rate). Our clinic has successfully treated professional athletes, amateur athletes and senior citizens who suffer from chronic pain. Learn More

Our clinic utilizes the HCG Medical Weight Loss to change our patients lives. HCG stands for Human Choriogonadotropin, the hormone produced by pregnant women in the early stages of pregnancy. HCG can be taken via injections or sublinugally. We also offer Metabolic Enhancer Drops as an alternative to HCG, which are all-natural drops with B vitamins and suppresses the appetite. The most important factor in any successful program is changing how our patients eat. When our patients follow our Approved Foods List and get away from S.A.D. (Standard American Diet), our patients lives are transformed for the better. Learn More

Holistic Medical Care Clinic offers various IV (intravenous) and Injection Therapies to treat our patients, such as Vitamin C IV, Myers Cocktail, IV Ozone, GABA Balance Shot, B Vitamin Shot and Fat Burner Shot. Our patients who have used these therapies when they have felt sick, wound healing, lethargic, chronic fatigue, anxious, weight loss, and as an alternative cancer therapy to name a few. Learn More

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Integrative Medicine - holisticmedicalcare.net

Sidney Health Center announces new family medicine physician – Sidney Herald Leader

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Sidney Health Center is pleased to announce the successful recruit of Lisa Rosa-R, M.D. Dr. Rosa-R joins the medical staff as a family medicine physician.

Dr. Rosa-R, who is American Board Certified in family medicine, provides a wide range of primary care services to people of all ages.

Her scope of practice includes diagnosing and treating illnesses, managing chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and asthma as well as providing preventive care such as routine checkups, health-risk assessments and screening tests for men, women and children.

Dr. Rosa-R has 30 years of experience in the medical field working as a family physician in the state of Georgia. The last 10 years she has incorporated integrative medicine into her scope of practice. Integrative medicine emphasizes the integration of complementary and alternative medicine approaches with conventional medicine.

Dr. Rosa-R graduated with a bachelor of science in mathematics from the University of Western Australia in Perth, Australia. She went onto become a Doctor of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Seville in Seville, Spain and then completed her residency in family practice at Saint Mary Hospital in Hoboken, N.J. as well as completing a Fellowship in Family Medicine at Bronx-Lebanon Albert Einstein College of New York, NY.

Dr. Rose-R is fluent in English and Spanish. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Rosa-R, please call her office at 406-488-2231 at the Sidney Health Center Clinic, Suite #110.

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Sidney Health Center announces new family medicine physician - Sidney Herald Leader

Medicine And Metaphor – HuffPost

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I am an equal opportunity doubter.I doubt the teachings of my own conventional medicine, knowing how readily we succumb to the transgression of close-mindedness, welcoming only news ensconced within the confines of our native comforts and conventions.I doubt the teachings of so-called Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) as well, having seen them wander into the realm known pejoratively as woo, and perpetrate the opposing transgression: a mind so open that brains flop out.

We should be on guard against both.The idea, though, that there can be no legitimate ideas expressed in a language we happen not to speak- is utter nonsense.In the biomedical world, it is commonly espoused nonsense.

As I reflect on my recent commencement addresses for Bastyr University, which confers, along with various bachelors and masters degrees in quite conventional disciplines and doctoral degrees in naturopathic medicine, degrees in Acupuncture & East Asian Medicine, and Ayurvedic Sciences- my thoughts keep turning to the confluence of medicine, and metaphor.A metaphor, then, seems best suited to introduce my meaning: everything said in Japanese is not diminished for want of expression in English, or Chinese, or French.Japanese, or Russian, or Latin for that matter, can address all of the same concepts- but will only ever do so with their entirely distinct lexicons.

We should note that every lexicon can be used well or badly, in the service of eloquence or gibberish.Just so, every approach to medicine and alleviating the bruises, abrasions, and lacerations induced by the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune.

Staunch medical conventionalists are apt to oppose alternatives on principle, noting their deviation from science.But it seems to me that argument is overlooking something quite fundamental.Traditional systems of medicine are less about enumerating pathways and specifying mechanisms than they are about pattern recognition and the application of metaphor.They can be entirely consistent with science, without using its language.To use another metaphor: there is more than one way to mishandle the combination of baby and bathwater, and we seem collectively committed to exploring them all.

Acupuncture provides a convenient and widely familiar example.Modern, randomized trials suggest the value of acupuncture for select conditions.But the placement of needles did not originate with randomized trials, or modern approaches to biomedical science.It is, presumably, a product of trial, error, and observation over a considerable expanse of time.Traditional Chinese Medicine is called traditional for good reason.

Descriptions of acupuncture in its native lexicon are unscientific.There is reference not to neurons, action potentials, or dermatomes- but to qi (energy, or life force) and meridians (the channels through which qi flows).

Such language is unsettling to science, because it is perceived as an alternative to it.But it need be no such thing, any more than the sun was an alternative to Juliet.Metaphor does not undo what it describes any more than a prism unmakes the sunlight it refracts into an arcade of colors; it translates it.It re-expresses it.It tells the same tale, but in another language.

Juliet, clearly, was not the sun- but we understood the connotations of Romeos impassioned verse just the same.Similarly, the movement of ions across the cell membranes of neurons and of neurotransmitters across synapses need not be qi for qi to be a traditional, observation-based description of just such phenomena.There need be no meridians in neuroanatomy, or connecting the ankle bone to the shin bone, for the descriptive language of meridians to reflect something genuine about anatomical and physiological linkages.

Two quite disparate authorities suggest the relevance of metaphor to medicine: Richard Dawkins, and Aristotle.

Dawkins, long the Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University, elevated metaphor to a scientific art form.In cases like The Blind Watchmaker, he has written entire books predicated on a unifying metaphor to propagate understanding of the subtleties of evolutionary biology.He has, rightly, opposed the potential for quackery and woo in unsubstantiated medical practice, but is no more qualified to dismiss the results of RCTs than any of us.Just as not all that glitters is gold, not all that is expressed in unscientific language is ineffective when put to the tests of science.

In his Poetics, Aristotle refers to the genius of poets as an eye for resemblances, the capacity to see similarities in dissimilars.I will defer to him and others on the genius of poets, but drawing on my 25-or-so years of patient care, invoke the same claim on behalf of clinicians.

No clinician has a crystal ball to know in advance what a given treatment will do to, or for, a given patient.What we have, at best, is an eye for resemblances- a capacity to see prior patients and populations for whom outcomes are known in the guise of the new patient before us.The more adroitly we manage to narrow the gap between the one for whom the future is uncertain, and the many for whom certain outcomes are historical- the more reliably we choose our remedies, and the better the outcomes they produce.The best clinicians have an eye for resemblances, too, and this is among the arts ineluctably conjoined to the science of medicine.

There are no alternative facts; there are only alternatives to facts.There is no place in enlightened understanding for faith in things refuted by science.The earth revolves around the sun, not vice versa. The Earth is over 4 billion years old, not less than 4 thousand.We are here through the agency of evolution and natural selection, not clay and prestidigitation.Vaccines count among the greatest of advances in the history of public health and are not causally implicated in autism.

But Juliet was the sun.Our most reliable friends are our rocks, and our shoulders on which to lean or cry.No man is an island.We are captains of our fate.The road less traveled makes all the difference.

The person with pain unattenuated by gabapentin is sure to be unimpressed by the putative mechanisms of action.The person with pain resolved thoroughly by acupuncture is as sure to be unconcerned about them.If a mind too open is Scylla, then a mind too closed is Charybdis.The best prospects for the best outcomes for the most people lie along the route that avoids them both.

There are, in other words, other ways of describing things.Ultimately, the metaphors of medicine must align with the science of it or they should be rejected; but they need not sound the same.There could be room in heaven and earth, and the diverse philosophies residing therein, for both qi and saltatory conduction. After all, a rose by any other word- in English, or in Japanese, or French, or Hindi- would presumably smell as sweet.

What we've got here dividing us is, often, that famous failure to communicate.

Senior Medical Advisor, Verywell.com

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Medicine And Metaphor - HuffPost

Best anti-aging foods you should be eating – Bel Marra Health

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Home Anti-Aging Best anti-aging foods you should be eating

Although the fountain of youth has yet to be discovered, there are other ways you can slowly turn back the hands of time. Sure, you can spend hundreds of dollars on creams that promise youll look 20 again, but save those extra dollars. Instead of spending on the outside, start focusing on the inside.

What am I referring to exactly? Well, its your diet of course! Yes, thats right, the foods you eat daily can go a long way in either speeding up or slowing down the aging process. So, if you want to look and feel forever young, you should be eating the foods listed below.

But how can food work to turn back the hands of time? Well, studies conducted at Washington University School of Medicine found that eating foods that contain nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)a compound already naturally produced in the bodyhas a positive effect on the aging process. Their research was conducted on animals, but may very well translate to humans too.

NMN can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. Although the mice in the study consumed water with high levels of NMNmuch greater than what is found in fruits and vegetableseven regular consumption of NMN-rich foods can go a long way in keeping your insides forever young.

Aside from NMB foods, there are other essential compounds required to promote anti-aging. So, if you want to start the anti-aging process from the inside, youll want to begin incorporating the following foods into your diet.

These are just some of the foods that contain the essential vitamins, antioxidants, and compounds to help you achieve inner anti-aging. Research suggests that following the Mediterranean diet is also a good way of eating for anti-aging. Numerous studies have linked the Mediterranean diet to lower rates of Alzheimers disease.

The Mediterranean diet helps promote anti-aging because it is full of olive oil, fatty fish, and plenty of fruits and vegetables that work to promote overall good health. Essentially, steering clear of fatty foods, saturated fat, processed food, and refined food is a good rule of thumb if anti-aging is a priority for you.

Related: Antioxidant found to slow signs of aging

Related Reading:

Most effective anti-aging foods and exercises

Peptide use shown to reverse signs of aging in rodent studies

http://www.prevention.com/food/anti-aging-foods-to-eat

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UB medical school welcomes 190 new physicians to WNY – University at Buffalo Reporter

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One hundred and ninety newly minted MDs marked a critical milestone in their professional lives earlier this week when they became medical residents of the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.

After graduation from medical school, medical residents are matched with a residency program, where they train in a medical or surgical specialty from three to seven years.The residents who took part in the long white coat ceremony on June 27 in the Center for Tomorrow chose to start their careers as physicians in Buffalo at UB. They will provide patient care under the supervision of UB medical school faculty in Western New Yorks hospitals and clinics.

The long white coat is not only a symbol of the profession, but it also symbolizes the trust patients place in their physicians and the responsibility to act professionally while serving patients and the public, says Roseanne Berger, senior associate dean for graduate medical education in the medical school and associate professor of family medicine.

To celebrate the transition, UBs newest medical residents donned the long white coats that indicate they have graduated from medical school, leaving behind the short white coats they received when they entered medical school.

At the ceremony, medical residents recited the Hippocratic Oath and the UB Resident Code of Conduct.The ceremony took place on Education Day, during which residents received information on topics ranging from health issues in Buffalos population and communication and cultural issues to patient privacy, quality improvement and safety. There also was a focus on resident well-being, highlighting institutional support resources and advice from current residents.

It was part of UBs five-day medical resident orientation, which includes background on UB, the Western New York community, its population and its health care systems. During orientation, residents visited UB-affiliated teaching hospitals, interacted with program faculty and, in some cases, worked with UBs Clinical Competency Center to assess interactions, with actors playing patients. Before arriving on campus, residents completed online tutorials, including modules on addiction, pain medicine and safe prescribing practices.

This years class of residents of 81 women and 109 men includes 120 U.S. citizens and 70 citizens of at least 17 other countries, including 24 from Canada, nine from Pakistan and six from India.

Forty of the new residents are UB alumni 32 graduated from the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and eight graduated from the School of Dental Medicine.

The long white coat ceremony was planned in collaboration with UBs Richard Sarkin/Emeritus Faculty Chapter of the Gold Humanism Honor Society, which launched the tradition of holding white coat ceremonies in the 1990s to symbolize that humanism remains at the core of all medical care.UB is one of only 14 medical residency programs in the U.S. that is home to a residency chapter of the Gold Humanism Honor Society.

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UB medical school welcomes 190 new physicians to WNY - University at Buffalo Reporter

Medical school researchers find why prostate cancer could be more … – GW Hatchet (subscription)

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Medical school researchers found that prostate cancer tumors in black men have a genetic variation that may make them more aggressive and resistant to drug treatments.

Researchers said the study, which was published Friday in the journal Nature Communications may help explain why black men are diagnosed with prostate cancer at higher rates and often have a worse prognosis than white men, according to a release.

Norman Lee, professor of pharmacology and physiology said he started the project to study disparities in prostate cancer from a genetic perspective.

Why is it that the African American population has a higher incidence of prostate cancer and a worse prognosis compared to those of European American descent? Lee said in a release. In trying to understand the genetic basis, we found that part of it may have to do with differential RNA splicing.

Lee and his team found that tumors present in black men varied from those found in whites because the tumors generate different proteins. These proteins can make the tumors more aggressive, according to the release.

The team also found that these types of proteins can lead to drug resistance.

We found that the protein isoforms expressed in African-Americans with prostate cancer do not always respond to targeted therapies, whereas these drugs were found to be effective in European Americans with prostate cancer and do end up killing off the cancer, Lee said in the release. This is a mechanism for drug resistance.

Lee said future research should examine the impact of genetic variations in other types of cancer to gain insight into why certain cancer treatments may be ineffective.

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Medical school researchers find why prostate cancer could be more ... - GW Hatchet (subscription)

Making Babies, No Sex Necessary – The Atlantic

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In the future, when a couple wants to reproduce, they will not make a baby in a bed or in the backseat or a car, or under a Keep Off the Grass sign, says Henry Greely, the director of the Center for Law and the Biosciences at Stanford Law School.

Instead, they will go to a clinic. Using stem cells from the couples skin or other non-reproductive organs, scientists will be able to make eggs and sperm, which will be combined into embryos. Each of those embryos will have its own gene sequence, Greely says. The parents will be asked: What do you want to know about these embryos? And theyll be told.

Twenty or 30 years from now, parents will be able to screen their potential kids for genetic abnormalities, pre-disposal to disease, sex, and even cosmetic features like hair, eye, and skin color, Greely claims. The new way of baby-making will save women the pain of going through fertility treatments, he says, and it will prevent disease, save health-care costs, and give non-traditional families more chances to have children. If this reproductive future comes to pass, it will also come with a tangle of moral, legal, and medical questionsones that wont be easy to resolve, despite what Greely may think.

When Greely tells people about his theorywhich is the subject of his 2016 book, The End of Sex and the Future of Human Reproductionthey tend to say, This is Gattica, or this is Brave New World, he said during an interview with the New York Times reporter Carl Zimmer on Monday at the Aspen Ideas Festival, which is co-hosted by the Aspen Institute and The Atlantic. Greely is skeptical of this argument. This is not designer babies. This is not super babies. This is selecting embryos, he said.

Greely gets some of his confidence from the limits of science. Geneticists likely wont be able to predict kids behavioral traits, he said, like their aptitude for math or agility on a sports field. But they may be able to anticipate some traits, like intelligence, in broad strokes. Being able to tell parents that this embryo has a 60 percent chance of being in the top half [of their school class], this embryo has a 13 percent chance of being in the top 10 percentI think thats really possible, he said.

Scientists have been screening embryos using a process called preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or PGD, for two and half decades, Greely said. This allows for the detection of some genetic diseases, as well as determining the sex of the embryo. Up until now, it has been expensive and arduous, but with new technologyincluding the expanded use of stem cellsit will become easy, he said. The people most likely to lead the way on easy PGD are those with fertility trouble, he argues, or those who cant have their own biological kids, including same-sex couples. For these people, the process seems to be a clear potential win: Once hopeless, they may soon be able to have biological children of their own.

But if the process does indeed advance in the way Greely predicts, it will come with big ethical challenges. Safety is a big issue, he said. Coercion is a big issue: Will you be forced to do this? No matter how easy PGD becomes, it will always be expensive, meaning that babies from rich families would gain even more advantages over other people before they leave the womb. The procedure also challenges the disability-rights movement, Greely pointed out: It implicitly suggests that some traits, and thus some people, are preferable to others.

Theres very little about our modern lives that a God from 3000 years ago would have expected.

Some critics may also claim this process is against Gods will, Greely added. I dont have a lot of confidence in the intellectual strength of that argument, but I think it has a lot of visceral support.

Despite Greelys skepticism, this seems to be the greatest potential objection to a world of skin-cell babies and intensive genetic screening: It assumes that the creation of life is a matter of pipettes and petri dishes, not something greater. While the widespread use of contraceptives has largely divorced sex from procreation, this process would represent the final severing. As Greely pointed out, the very meaning of sex would change. Most people have sex and it doesnt result in a baby, he said. They do it because they like it. They do it as a token of love. They do it because theyre forced to. They do it to make money. Pleasure, ultimately, will be a main driver of sex, he added.

For the many peoplereligious or notwho believe that life is not ultimately a matter of science, the world of easy PGD may seem disorienting, even morally disturbing. But Greely didnt think religious or moral arguments could persuade someone like him, or society more broadly, that easy PGD isnt a good idea.

If you, coming from a Catholic background, try to convince me, coming from a non-Catholic background ... that wouldnt work for me, he said. I need a more intellectual argument than one based on my faith or the tablets brought down from the mountain for me say this. Theres very little about our modern lives thats natural or what a God from 3000 years ago would have expected or wanted, including all of modern medicine.

As head-spinning as these theoretical ethical challenges are, perhaps easy PGD wont be as common as Greely thinks. After all, he joked, were never going to get rid of teenagers in the back seat of a car.

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When Does Life Begin? Pro-Choice ‘Science’ Ignores the Facts. – National Review

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When a human egg is fertilized, the result is never a newborn platypus. I didnt need four years of medical school, three years of pediatric residency, three years of neonatal fellowship, and close to two decades of medical practice to tell me that. In fact, high-school biology textbooks explain that all fertilized human eggs (zygotes), after approximately nine months, become newborn human babies unless something occurs to interrupt normal development.

This progression from fertilized egg to newborn is neither alternative science nor a rejection of long-standing medical knowledge. Yet in her paper Alternative Science and Human Reproduction, published this month in the New England Journal of Medicine, R. Alta Charo uses those labels to discredit anyone who acknowledges the biological truth about human development.

Charo attempts in her piece to discredit Donald Trumps pro-life executive-branch appointees. To this end, Charo, who is not a doctor, paints as ludicrous the claim that contraceptives can act as abortifacients by disrupting the natural process of pregnancy and ending a human life.

In reality, the progression of events from sexual intercourse to the creation of new human life is well established.

The process goes something like this: About six days after fertilization of the egg, and multiple cell divisions later, the zygote has become a cluster of cells (now called a morula). It has traversed the mothers fallopian tube and made its way into her uterus, where the process of implantation will then occur over the next four to five days. The various stages of development will continue to unfold until birth. Uterine implantation provides the ideal environmental mix for human development. If either a drug or a device disrupts implantation, the originating events that began approximately six days earlier are stopped, and the pregnancy is prevented from progressing.

So it follows that devices or medications that impede implantation effectively end or abort a pregnancy. This reality contradicts Charos argument that contraceptives abortifacient action is just a politically potent assertion by [Trump] appointees. The potency of the assertion derives from the fact that it is true. As Charo admits, one of the ways contraceptives work is to disrupt implantation.

The government and many physicians, however, define pregnancy as beginning only after implantation. As a physician myself, I prefer not to ignore the physical changes that occur between the moment fertilization occurs and implantation in the mothers womb. According to my embryology textbook, Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects, the zygote represents the beginning of a human being.

From the moment of fertilization, the new human has unique DNA that serves as the cellular blueprint for the duration of his or her entire life. This medical fact does not depend on implantation: It depends entirely on the uniting of the parents DNA. Nor does this fact depend on an elected officials opinion or a lawyers or even a doctors opinion about when life begins.

Admittedly, zygotes dont look like humans. However, at the time of my grandmothers death, she didnt look much like her childhood pictures, and if we could have seen her as an embryo, she would have looked even less like the woman she developed into. But her DNA was intact at fertilization and remained intact throughout her life. My ability to recognize her at various stages of her life did not determine whether or not she was alive. The same is true for prenatal life and postnatal life.

There are multiple medical and legal papers arguing about when we should recognize life the moment we should acknowledge as the beginning of a life and what rights an individual does or does not have at different stages of life. Unfortunately, the arguments on these questions often reflect the ideological agenda of the arguer instead of the medical reality, which is that a unique life is created at fertilization. The distortion of this physiological truth, Charos article notwithstanding, is what makes human reproduction in our era the victim of alternative science.

READ MORE: Little-Known Facts about Roe v. Wade Planned Parenthoods Century of Brutality Planned Parenthoods Annual Report: Abortions Are Up, Prenatal Care Is Down

Robin Pierucci is a wife, a mother of three, and a practicing neonatologist. She is a member of Women Speak for Themselves.

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When Does Life Begin? Pro-Choice 'Science' Ignores the Facts. - National Review