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Model Organisms to Human Biology – Cancer Genetics Meeting

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Newswise Bethesda, MD -- The Genetics Society of Americas (GSAs) biennial meeting, Model Organisms to Human Biology Cancer Genetics, June 17-20, 2012, at the Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, DC, will bring together investigators who study cancer relevant biology in model organismssuch as fruit flies, yeast, fungi, mice and other organismswith investigators studying human cancer. Each session includes two invited speakers -- one from the model organism research community and the other focusing on human cancer research.

The program also includes a mini-symposium on ModENCODE, with presentations by Eric Green, M.D., Ph.D., Director, National Human Genome Research Institute/National Institutes of Health (NIH); Robert Waterston, M.D., Ph.D., University of Washington, Seattle; and Gary Karpen, Ph.D., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. In addition, there will also be a speaker from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/NIH.

I. MEDIA REPRESENTATION -- Representatives of the media are cordially invited to attend the scientific keynotes, plenary and poster sessions. Eligible media will receive complimentary registration (see III. MEDIA PARTICIPATION below). Media may register by contacting Phyllis Edelman, pedelman@genetics-gsa.org

For hotel registration, please go to the meeting site at http://www.mohb.org.

II. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM For the complete program and Schedule of Events, see http://www.mohb.org/2012/pages/program.shtml .

Keynote Speakers: Sunday, June 17, 2012: Bert Vogelstein, M.D., Johns Hopkins University Monday, June 18, 2012: Angelika Amon, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (sponsored by NIGMS in celebration of their 50th anniversary) Tuesday, June 19, 2012: Eric S. Lander, Ph.D., Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

Plenary Sessions: Invited Plenary Scientific Sessions will offer the opportunity to learn about the latest research in the fields listed below. In addition to the invited speakers listed below, each session will include four talks chosen from the submitted abstracts. All names listed are co-chairs and speakers.

Session 1: Understanding Tumor Genomes: A View Into the Abysso Elaine Mardis, Ph.D., Washington University o Lynda Chin, M.D., MD Anderson Cancer Center

Session 2: Cell Defects 1: Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Regulation o Stephen Elledge, Ph.D., Harvard University o Jacqueline Lees, Ph.D., MIT

Session 3: Cell Defects 2: Genome Stability and DNA Repair o Michael Kastan, M.D., Ph.D., Duke University o Sue Biggins, Ph.D., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

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Model Organisms to Human Biology - Cancer Genetics Meeting

Experimental Biology Blogging: Every once in a while, a double cheeseburger might not be so bad for the heart.

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On the last day of Experimental Biology 2012, I had the great pleasure to be able to see the work of the Jones lab at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. I wrote about their work at last years meeting, and Im very happy to show you all the latest advances this year!

Theres very little thats more serious than a heart attack. Otherwise known as a myocardial infarction (MI), a heart attack is a loss of blood flow to the heart. When there isnt enough blood flow to the heart, the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen, and heart cells begin to die and lose their ability to pump in rhythm.

In the past, the vast majority of people who suffered from a heart attack would die. But now advances in modern medicine have enabled many people to continue for years following MI. So we are not only concerned with survival of heart attack, we are also concerned with recovery, what can help recovery and make it faster, or reduce the severity of the heart attack in the first place.

And as Haar et al, from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine have found, sometimes whats bad for you might not be so bad for your heart, at least, in small doses. Haar has been looking at the effects of a high-fat diet on MI outcomes in mice. She previously found that short-term high-fat diets in mice (between 24 hours and two weeks of exposure, but not longer, otherwise you get some very fat mice), produced protection during a heart attack. When she induced an experimental heart attack in mice, mice that had been treated with a high fat diet for a short period of time showed reduced damage when compared to control mice. Haar also showed that 24 hours worth of high-fat diet produces protection for about 24 hours afterward, but not 48 hours (a double cheeseburger every other day, then?).

All this is well and good, but the important question is asking how does this protection work? Haar and her colleagues hypothesize that a high-fat diet can shift the damage balance in the heart from apoptosis (cell death) to autophagy (a shifting of cellular energy resources), and they hypothesize that an important molecule involved is NF-kappaB.

NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), is a protein complex which affects the transcription of DNA, and could have widespread effects on how cells function under stress. To examine the role of NF-kappaB in the high-fat protection from MI, Haar took a group of dominant-negative mice, animals which specifically fail to activate NF-kappaB in the heart. She fed some of them on a high-fat diet, gave them all a heart attack, and looked to see if the protective effects of the high-fat diet were still present. In the NF-kappaB dominant negative mice, the injury size following MI was larger, and the high-fat diet failed to protect the mice from the effects.

But NF-kappaB affects a lot of genes, what specifically was going on? It appears that the heart cells are not dying at the same rates in mice on a high-fat diet, Haar saw fewer markers of apoptosis in the high-fat group. To see if the cells were instead undergoing autophagy, she looked at the marker Beclin-1. Beclin-1 is a marker for autophagy, a way to show that cells are reallocating their resources to preserve function, rather than dying in response to the severe stress of the MI. And it turns out that a high-fat diet increases the expression of Beclin-1 in the damage zone of mice having a heart attack. Not only that, this increase is blunted in the dominant negative NF-kappaB mice following heart attack, showing that NF-kappaB may be controlling the increase of Beclin-1. This means that high-fat diets are shifting the balance of the heart from apoptosis to autophagy, allowing the heart to suffer less damage during heart attack.

Of course, its not a good idea to go eat a double-cheeseburger in perfect comfort. After all, people who habitually eat high fat diets are at a much greater risk for heart attack in the first place. But its an interesting look into how the heart can protect itself, and may mean new potentials for treatment in those who suffer heart attack. And maybe you dont have to feel quite so guilty about the high-fat food, if you only have it once in a while.

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Experimental Biology Blogging: Every once in a while, a double cheeseburger might not be so bad for the heart.

Experimental Biology Blogging: Hallucinating Zebrafish

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Its day 4 of the Experimental Biology meeting, and I looked at a poster using zebrafish as a model for behavioral effects of hallucinogens, but there was also a great symposium on treatments for affective disorders, as well as great posters on stress, serotonin systems, and more. But well stick with the zebrafish for now.

When most scientists think of how we might study drug response, we usually think of rats or monkeys or mice, pressing levers to deliver drug, or showing different behaviors in response to treatments. Sometimes we will see studies on flies (http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2012/03/a-lack-of-sex-drives-flies-to-drink.ars). But what about fish? Specifically, zebrafish?

Zebrafish are a pretty attractive model for scientific research. They have a completely sequenced genome, a series of easily observed and modified behaviors, and they are cheap(er) than rodent or primate models. And its easy enough to test the effects of different drugs: just pour some into the tank and watch what happens, a much less stressful form of administration than having to inject a mammal.

There are already studies out there in zebrafish using cocaine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499199) and morphine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22205946). Allan Kalueffs lab at Tulane University is interested in hallucinogens, drugs like that mescaline and psilocybin. In particular they looked at mescaline, a drug derived from the peyote cactus, psilocybin, a drug derived from mushrooms, and phencyclidine (PCP), a drug that was once developed as an anesthetic, but has powerful hallucinogenic properties. Mescaline and psilocybin act at receptors for the neurotransmitter serotonin (http://scientopia.org/blogs/scicurious/2010/08/25/back-to-basics-3-depression-post-4-the-serotonin-system/), and PCP has its mechanism of action via the glutamate system (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine). All three of them are powerful hallucinogenic drugs. And while you cant tell if a zebrafish is seeing things, their easily classified behaviors can be used to examine similarities and differences between drugs, and help to understand their mechanisms of action.

So Collins, a student in Kalueffs laboratory, has given zebrafish various doses of hallucinogens, and looked at how the fish behave. He started with the novel tank test, where you put a single fish in a novel tank with drug or saline. When the fish are exposed to a novel tank, they immediately swim to the bottom, and start to swim to the post as they get more comfortable, a measure of anxiety-like behavior. But with PCP or mescaline, the fish swam to the top of the tank more quickly than control fish, suggesting that they had decreased anxiety. Fish on PCP also showed more erratic swimming behavior. Collins also looked at social behavior in the shoaling test. Zebrafish are social, and like to shoal together, but will show differences in social behavior in response to different drugs. When Collins gave the fish mescaline, the fish appeared to be more social, showing decreases in inter-fish distance. Psilocybin and PCP also produced increases in the stress hormone cortisol.

By looking at the effects of hallucinogenic drugs in fish behaviors , Kalueffs lab hopes to use the zebrafish as a model to understand the mechanisms behind drug-induced behaviors, and help us to understand how these very complicated drugs have their effects. Not only that, hallucinogenic drugs are often used to model psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. So some day, zebrafish on PCP might provide the key to some complicated disorders.

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Experimental Biology Blogging: Hallucinating Zebrafish

Carnegie's Wolf B. Frommer receives Bogorad Award for Excellence in Plant Biology

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Public release date: 25-Apr-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Tina McDowell tmcdowell@carnegiescience.edu 202-939-1120 Carnegie Institution

Washington, D.C.The American Society for Plant Biology (ASPB) awarded Wolf B. Frommer, director of Carnegie's Department of Plant Biology, the Lawrence Bogorad Award for Excellence in Plant Biology Research for "his major contributions in the development of fundamental tools and technologies essential for breakthrough discoveries that advance our understanding of glucose, sucrose, ammonium, amino acid, and nucleotide transport in plants."

Frommer joined Carnegie's Department of Plant Biology in 2003 as a staff member. Just four years later he became acting director of the department, a position that became permanent in 2009. Before coming to Carnegie, Frommer was a full professor and Chair of Plant Physiology at the Eberhard-Karls-Universitt Tbingen in Germany where he led a group of 80. He was also cofounder and director of the Center of Plant Molecular Biology in Tbingen, where he oversaw a staff of 150.

"Wolf develops novel technologies to address fundamental questions in plant science. These are a foundation for increasing the yield of crops and bolstering the world's food supply," remarked Carnegie president Richard A. Meserve. "His leadership has had an enormous impact on plant science. We are proud that his contributions have been recognized."

Frommer believes that understanding the basic mechanisms of plant life can help us solve problems in agriculture, the environment and medicine, and can even provide understanding of human disease processes. He works to solve both fundamental and real-world problems. In addition to his basic research, Frommer was founder of the biotechnology company SYMPORE GmbH, in Tbingen, and was a founder and vice president of the Joint Bioenergy Institute's Feedstocks Division, in Emeryville, CA. He was also a visiting faculty member at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories.

Among other innovations, Frommer and his team developed new so-called nano-sensors that, with advanced imaging methods, can measure metabolites in live plant and animal cells. This work helps to understand how plants distribute energy from leaves, the sites of photosynthesis, to roots and seeds.

Frommer has received two major scientific prizes, the highest German research award, the Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Prize in 1988, and the Krber Award for European Science in 2001. The latter recognized him as one of the most outstanding biologists in Europe. He is also a fellow of AAAS and has published more than 230 scientific papers. Frommer also has more than 30 patents or patent applications.

The Lawrence Bogorad Award for Excellence in Plant Biology Research was established by the ASPB in 2005 to honor Dr. Bogorad's many contributions to plant biology, including his influential efforts to bring the techniques of molecular biology to bear on problems in plant biology; his groundbreaking research on chloroplast genetics, biogenesis, structure, and function; and his inspired teaching and mentoring. The award is a made biennially to a plant scientist whose work both illuminates the present and suggests paths to enlighten the future.

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Carnegie's Wolf B. Frommer receives Bogorad Award for Excellence in Plant Biology

AMRI Hires Director of In Vitro Biology in Singapore

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ALBANY, N.Y., April 26, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- AMRI (AMRI), a leading global contract research and manufacturing organization, announced today a key addition to the management team at its Singapore location. Saravanakumar Dhakshinamoorthy, Ph.D. joins AMRI's Singapore site as Director of In Vitro Biology, reporting to Takeshi Yura, Ph.D., Senior Director, AMRI Singapore. As the leader of AMRI's biology resources and staff in Singapore, Dr. Dhakshinamoorthy and his team will be working closely with on-site colleagues supporting customer projects as well as in collaboration with AMRI's U.S.-based biology and DMPK teams.

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120229/NY61160LOGO )

AMRI's Singapore Research Center provides a full complement of drug discovery services to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Capabilities support the many different sciences required in the discovery and advancement of new small molecule medicines, embracing medicinal chemistry, in vitro biology and DMPK, all of which can be provided individually or together to encompass an integrated drug discovery program. The Singapore operation is capable of working on projects self contained or often in concert with AMRI's global discovery services operations in the U.S. and India. Preclinical candidates that are discovered by these efforts may be progressed by access to AMRI's global development services.

"In this newly created role, Dr. Dhakshinamoorthy (SK) brings senior-level in vitro biology expertise, a strong track record of industry experience and additional drug discovery project management experience to the Singapore site," said Dr. Yura. "Previously the Singapore biology group had been functioning as a satellite operation to AMRI's flagship biology operations in Bothell, WA and leadership and oversight of Singapore biology had been handled through Bothell. Clients will now have direct senior level access, independent of the U.S., to help tailor our biology resources to their program and lead and manage the progression of those programs all self-contained within Singapore."

SK comes to AMRI after seven years with Aurigene, a discovery services company in Bangalore, India. He previously worked in Singapore with the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology. He brings more than 20 years of postgraduate experience in academic and industrial settings to AMRI.

Dr. Bruce Sargent, Senior Vice President, Drug Discovery, AMRI, said, "In vitro biology and DMPK capability has become increasingly important within AMRI's Singapore drug discovery operations, supporting a growing interest in integrated drug discovery. The group has worked closely with U.S.-based biology and DMPK leadership. This new position provides local leadership and experience which we expect to help us build additional business for the Singapore facility."

SK received his Ph.D. in Biotechnology in 1998, from the Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India. His Postdoctoral research was conducted at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.

About AMRI

Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI) is a global contract research and manufacturing organization offering customers fully integrated drug discovery, development, and manufacturing services. For over 21 years AMRI has demonstrated its adaptability as the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have undergone tremendous change in response to multiple challenges. This experience, a track record of success and locations in the United States, Europe and Asia now provides our customers with SMARTSOURCING, a full range of value-added opportunities providing customers informed decision-making, enhanced efficiency and more successful outcomes at all stages of the pipeline. AMRI has also successfully partnered R&D programs and is actively seeking to out-license its remaining programs for further development. For more information, please visit http://www.amriglobal.com.

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AMRI Hires Director of In Vitro Biology in Singapore

Professor named to prestigious Royal Society

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SAN DIEGO Jack E. Dixon, vice president and chief scientific officer of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and professor of pharmacology, cellular and molecular medicine, chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, has been named a foreign member of the Royal Society. Dixon is among 44 newly elected fellows and eight new foreign members of the Royal Society, a fellowship of the world's most eminent scientists that is the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence.

Founded in 1660, Royal Society Fellows have included Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Ernest Rutherford, Albert Einstein, Dorothy Hodgkin, Francis Crick, James Watson and Stephen Hawking. Today there are approximately 1,500 fellows and foreign members, including more than 80 Nobel laureates. Foreign members to the Royal Society are elected for life through a peer-review process on the basis of excellence in science. There are currently about 140 foreign members.

"Jack E. Dixon is one of the most influential biochemists of his generation. His elegant studies have radically advanced our understanding of cell signaling and the molecular basis of pathogenesis," said the Royal Society in announcing his election on Sunday (April 22).

Dixon was instrumental in the analysis of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). He also discovered that the bacterium responsible for the plague or "black death," Yersinia pestis, harbors the most active PTPase yet described. This enzyme functions as a lethal weapon when injected into mammalian cells to block the immune response. This mechanism is now recognized as a widely used strategy for pathogenic bacteria to disarm the host's immune system.

A powerful advocate for scientific research, Dixon is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and past president of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

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Professor named to prestigious Royal Society

New drug curbs autistic behavior in mice, US researchers say

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An experimental drug has been found to ease two of the core behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in mice, a new study shows.

A single injection of the compound curbed repetitive behaviors and improved sociability, researchers report inScience Translational Medicine.

Despite the success of the experiments by the US National Institutes of Health, treatments which work in mice frequently fail in humans and potential medication would be years away, the BBC wrote.

There is no cure for Autism spectrum disorder, thought to affect around 1 percent of children ad one out of every 88 American children, according to CBS.

Instead, autism is mainly treated with specialist education, speech and behavioral therapies.

Behavioral displays include social problems, delayed language and repetitive movements such as hand tapping.

For the experiment, the NIH researchers bred a strain of mice to display autism-like behaviors the mice did not interact and communicate with each other and spent an inordinate amount of time engaging in repetitive behavior in this case self-grooming according to CBS.

More from GlobalPost:Study: Autism linked to gene mutations and father's age

The predominant theory on autism is that any problems are be "hardwired" into the brain, however the researchers said there was evidence that in some cases autism could stem from the way cells in the brain communicated with each other at synapses, the gaps between individual brain cells.

They administered the drug, GRN-529, which targets glutamate, a major neurotransmitter found throughout the brain that's involved with activating neurons, or brain cells, HealthDay News reported.

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New drug curbs autistic behavior in mice, US researchers say

Why the Engineering, Computer Science Gender Gap Persists

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Image: mediaphotos/iStockphoto

Shree Bose, who won the grand prize at this year's Google Global Science Fair, credits her love of science to her big brother, Pinaki. As a child, he had a habit of teaching her what he'd just learned in science class. How atoms work, for example.

"He'd spend an hour trying to explain the concept," she said. "He'd gesture wildly with his hands. He was trying to get my brain to wrap around the idea that everything we see and touch is made up of tiny, tiny parts. He had so much passion and enthusiasm for it." She was 6 then; he was 8.

Now 18 and a senior in Fort Worth Texas, Bose swept the prestigious national competition - and scored $50,000 -- for tackling ovarian cancer. She discovered a protein that keeps cells from growing resistant to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. Among the five finalists in her age group, she was the only female.

Consider these numbers: In 2008, 41 percent of college freshman men planned to major in science and engineering, compared to 30 percent of women, according to the National Science Foundation's Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering report. Some areas of science do attract more women than men, such as biology and social and behavioral sciences. But computer science, physics and engineering are overwhelmingly male.

Nowhere is that disparity more pronounced than in engineering, with computer science close behind. More than twice as many men than women attend graduate school for computer science fields, and more than four times as many men are enrolled in engineering, according to the report.

(It should be noted that America as a whole has been outpaced by competitors for years now when it comes to science and math education. In a 2009 math and science exam given to students all over the world, U.S. students placed 25th in math and 17th in science, compared to other countries.)

It's not all bad news in engineering. While master's degrees awarded to women hovered at 22.6 percent in 2010, a slight dip from 2008 and 2009 levels, bachelor's degrees among women climbed to 18.1 percent, and more engineering doctorates - 22.9 percent - were awarded to women than any time in the past, according to the American Society for Engineering Education.

Angela Bielefeldt* is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder. The percentage of women in her classes is dismal, she said. Of the 60 to 80 students that take her freshman civil engineering class, only 10 to 12 are generally women.

"In civil engineering, it's really pathetic," she said. "In environmental engineering, it's closer to 40 percent. Right off the bat, if you're a woman, you look around, and there aren't a lot of women who look like you."

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Why the Engineering, Computer Science Gender Gap Persists

Test drug eases behavioral symptoms seen in autism

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In mice, compound curbs repetitive behaviors and improves sociability

Web edition : Thursday, April 26th, 2012

In adult mice, an experimental drug eases two of the core behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorders, a new study shows. A single injection of the compound curbed repetitive behaviors and improved sociability, researchers report in the April 25 Science Translational Medicine.

Although its too soon to say whether the drug will work in people with autism, similar medicines are already being tested in humans for a related neurological condition known as fragile X syndrome. This may be a case where you have a mouse finding that can actually lead to human studies in a fairly short amount of time, says psychiatrist and molecular neuroscientist Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele of Vanderbilt University in Nashville.

No currently available drugs treat the core features of autism spectrum disorders impaired social interactions, communication problems and repetitive behaviors, says study coauthor Jill Silverman of the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Md. This is really exciting and worth investigating further because there are no available medicines out there, she says.

Silverman and her colleagues focused on two kinds of inbred mice with unusual behaviors. One kind of mouse, a strain called BTBR, repetitively grooms, doesnt interact with other mice normally and squeaks less than others. The second, called C58, jumps again and again, up to 50 times a minute.

About half an hour after receiving a dose of the compound, known as GRN-529, the animals pathological grooming and jumping lessened, the team found. Some signs of abnormal social behavior improved, too. Coauthors at Pfizer saw the same results in tests in their lab at Groton, Conn. For the repetitive behaviors, it was a really strong finding, Silverman says. For the social behaviors, it was a more mild effect.

To Veenstra-VanderWeele, the effects on repetitive behavior are particularly exciting. We dont have great treatments for these types of repetitive behaviors, which often lead to significant distress, he says.

The drug works by interfering with a protein in nerve cells called mGluR5, which detects the brain chemical glutamate. Researchers are becoming increasingly interested in drugs that target mGluR5.

Three companies Novartis, Roche and Seaside Therapeutics are testing related compounds in people with fragile X syndrome. About a third of people with the condition have behavioral deficits that meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorders.

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Test drug eases behavioral symptoms seen in autism

Want to Make Rational Decisions? Think About Them In a Foreign Language. | 80beats

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Behavioral economists have documented the all too many ways that humans are predictably irrational. Emotions and biases often just get the better of us. In a new study inPsychologicalScience, however,psychologists found that people forced to think in a foreign language made more rational decisions. Cest vrai!

Psychologists took classic scenarios from behavioral economics and posed them to students in their native and foreign languages. Heres an example of one:

Theres a disease epidemic sweeping through the country, and without medicine, 600,000 people will die. You have to choose one of two medicines to make:

If you choose medicine A, 200,000 people will be saved. If you choose medicine B, there is a 1/3 chance of saving 600,000 people and a 2/3 of saving no one. Which medicine do you choose?

Most people would go with A, the less risky bet, because were risk-averse when the choice is framed as a gainas in saving people. But what if we framed the question a little differently in this second scenario?

If you choose medicine A, 400,000 people will die. If you choose medicine B, there is a 1/3 chance of saving 600,000 people and a 2/3 of saving no one. Which medicine do you choose?

Suddenly, with this glass-half-empty wording, medicine A seems like a less palatable option. Although the two scenarios are exactly the same (200,000 saved and 400,000 dead are the same thing if you have 600,000 people), people become more risk-seeking in the second scenario, when medicine A is framed as a loss of life,and go with medicine B. The researchers asked this question to three different groups of studentsAmericans learning Japanese, Koreans learning English, and Americans learning Frenchand in each case the risk-framing effect disappeared when students had to think in their foreign language. They acted rationally.

Even when we understand a foreign language, what should be emotionally charged phrases, such swears or expressions of love, just dont register the same emotional effect. The researchers think thats why the participants were able to make more rational decisions in a foreign language. Humans are very loss-aversethe pain of losing $10 is generally worse than the joy of winning $10but this emotional aspect gets filtered out when thinking in a non-native tongue. A second experiment in the study asked students to make bets on a coin toss, and American students made bets more rationally in Spanish.

As anyone who has tried learning a new language knows, thinking in a foreign language is hard. Usually when were faced with this extra layer of difficultywhat psychologists call cognitive loadwe start relying on mental shortcuts rather than considering the problem rationally. Thats one reason this result about thinking in foreign languages is a little surprising, and also kind of heartening: We can find relatively easy ways to engage our rational faculties if necessary.

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Want to Make Rational Decisions? Think About Them In a Foreign Language. | 80beats

'Grey's Anatomy' recap: Exam Anxiety

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Image credit: Richard Cartwright/ABC

THE MORNING AFTER Just before the biggest exam of their lives, Kepner (Sarah Drew) said she felt bad for hooking up with Avery (Jesse Williams) because of her love for Jesus.

In a departure from the norm, a tidbit from the teaser for next weeks episode of Greys Anatomy seems like the appropriate place to start when discussing this weeks episode, Moment of Truth. It was during a moment where Averys mother, Catherine Avery -- the ever-delightful treat, Debbie Allen -- dramatically turns to Richard Webber and reveals about the impending resident exams: One of your Seattle Grace doctors didnt pass.

Granted, the teaser is just that -- a teaser. So it could easily have cut out the part where Webber turns back to Catherine Avery the next minute and says, But youre wrong! So-and-so did, in fact, pass. Anyhow, were supposed to be left thinking that one of the Seattle Grace-Mercy West fifth-year residents who were taking their boards in this weeks episode wont pass muster.

Meredith Grey teased the tension washing over the residents in her show-opening voiceover. The only thing between you and the rest of your career is a test, she dutifully intoned. In a random hotel. In a random city. With a random examiner, asking you random questions. Nervous? You should be. Bailey, in her usual way, offered up disbelief that theyd actually arrived at this day at all. They started off with so little promise, she said, I feel like Im witnessing a miracle. Thanks for that, Bailey.

The most obvious candidate for the failed Seattle Grace doctor? Karev, of course. The episode ended with his examiner walking into the hallway where the residents were waiting, calling his name, and -- when he didnt come forward -- turning around and closing her exam-room door. Done! Or so it seems. Karev, as we all saw, went to San Francisco for the exam but then ran back to Seattle Grace to help out Arizona with intern Morgans premature infant Tommy. His reversal in this arena was totally Karev and also totally annoying -- just a couple weeks ago he didnt want to have anything to do with Morgan or the baby. And then we saw him leaving his exams -- after flying all the way to San Francisco for them -- to tend to her? Right. (Also, I love how in the alterna-world of Seattle Grace, booking flights around the country at the drop of a hat is as easy as driving down the block. Need to remember: This is television!)

NEXT: More on Karev's impending doom

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'Grey's Anatomy' recap: Exam Anxiety

Eating Alkaline Green Vegetables and Fruit Can Prevent Type

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Children born to mothers who ate plenty of alkaline green vegetables and fruit during pregnancy are less likely to have type 1 diabetes, Swedish researchers say."This is the first study to show a link between vegetable intake during pregnancy and the risk of the child subsequently developing Type 1 diabetes, but more studies of various kinds will be needed before we can say anything definitive," study author Hilde Brekke, a clinical nutritionist at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, said in a news release from the university.Brekke and colleagues studied 6,000 5-year-olds and found that 3 percent either had fully developed Type 1 diabetes or had elevated levels of antibodies that indicate a risk of developing the disease. The risk was twice as high in children whose mothers rarely ate vegetables during pregnancy, and lowest among children whose mothers ate vegetables every day of their pregnancy.According to Dr. Robert O. Young, Director of Research at the pH Miracle Living Center, "Type 1 diabetes begins in the small bowel where new stem cells and blood are made. Eating animal protein and dairy products damages the intestinal villi of the small intestine which sets the stage for Type I diabetes. Children eating chicken and beef are more likely to be constipated and then diabetic because of the constipation from undigested animal protein."The study was recently published online in the journal Pediatric Diabetes. Read more...


AyurGold for Healthy Blood 

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Fulbright Program:

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Are you interested in spending a year abroad – taking classes, performing a research project, or teaching English – after you graduate?
Then you should consider applying for the Fulbright Program for U.S. Students. The Fulbright is one of the most prestigious awards available for U.S. students. It is open to individuals from any discipline. The award supports a year in one of over 130countries, during which you can take classes, carry out a research project, or serve as an English Teaching Assistant. Undergraduates who will have a Bachelor’s degree by August 2013, alumni, and graduate students are eligible to apply. Find out more at the:
Fulbright Program for U.S. Students Information Session
Wednesday, April 18 @ 3:00pm
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering building, University of Arizona Campus, Room S212
Open to the entire UA community
Please RSVP and/or request more information at http://goo.gl/IhNwr. You can also read more about the Fulbright Program at http://us.fulbrightonline.org/.

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Frost & Sullivan Honours PathXL with Enabling Technology Award

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PathXL Recognised for its Pioneering Digital Pathology Solutions

Congratulations to PathXL for this web-based software technology award. 
LONDON, April 19, 2012 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ -- Based on its recent analysis of web-based software platforms for tissue analysis and quantification, Frost & Sullivan recognise PathXL (Northern Ireland) with the 2012 European Web-based Software Platforms Enabling Technology Award.

"PathXL's pioneering digital pathology solutions are highly versatile," notes Frost & Sullivan Senior Research Analyst Prasanna Vadhana Kannan. "They allow pathologists to adopt digital pathology for inter-laboratory collaboration and then expand the utility of these systems to diverse digital pathology services such as remote consultations, quality assurance programmes, proficiency testing and training, quantitative imaging and pattern recognition."

The proprietary PathXL TMA (tissue microarray) software represents a biomarker discovery tool that can facilitate the identification and scoring of tissue biomarkers in high throughput tissue microarray format. As a preclinical biomarker discovery research-enabling tool, the PathXL TMA software is entirely web-enabled and allows researchers to share TMA slides instantly across large geographical distances, score the slides simultaneously, and integrate dispersed research laboratories.

PathXL's software operates with a large spectrum of image formats, spanning different whole slide scanning instruments. PathXL puts workflow at the heart of its products, bringing new capabilities to customers who are investing in hardware to scan tissue pathology.

"The company's products are designed to integrate with existing IT systems within research and clinical laboratories enabling PathXL to develop solutions for a wide application range," adds Prasanna Vadhana Kannan. "PathXL's digital pathology educational and management solutions underpin a wide range of applications including education and training in pathology, digital slide archiving, cloud-based digital pathology, biobanking, biomarker discovery and data management, and web-based image analysis for tissue research."

PathXL Ltd. has been actively partnering with cancer research programmes in Northern Ireland, providing the backbone tissue management software for these initiatives. The company's web-based solutions have allowed Northern Ireland's research community to share their microscope samples globally with other researchers via the web, thereby improving the identification of disease markers and development of newer cancer therapies.

PathXL has also worked closely with medical and scientific staff at the Northern Ireland Biobank to develop a new comprehensive biobank workflow software platform. This new product - PathXL Biobank- meets the increasing needs of modern biobanks, supporting researchers that need access to human tissues for biomarker discovery.

Digital Pathology Workflow, a configurable solution that manages and streamlines digital pathology workflow in hospitals and pathology laboratories, is PathXL's latest product offering. On the corporate front, PathXL's strategic partnership with DigiPath Inc. in the United States aims to increase user adoption of the suite of PathXL digital pathology educational products.

"PathXL's full range of national and international research collaborations emphasize the uniqueness behind the company's digital pathology services that offer exceptional speed, flexibility, and objectivity needed for biomarker assessment in particular," concludes Prasanna Vadhana Kannan. "Frost & Sullivan feels that PathXL's integrated digital pathology solutions are poised for easy transition and high recognition."

The Enabling Technology Award is presented to the company that has excelled in enabling the creation of new products and applications and/or has enhanced current products. Potential for market acceptance and breadth of access to technology are other criterion in which the company is seen to have excelled.

Frost & Sullivan Best Practices awards recognise companies in a variety of regional and global markets for demonstrating outstanding achievement and superior performance in areas such as leadership, technological innovation, customer service, and strategic product development. Industry analysts compare market participants and measure performance through in-depth interviews, analysis, and extensive secondary research to identify best practices in the industry.

 

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Digital Pathology Offerings at University College London (UCL)

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University College London (UCL) showcases their digital pathology offerings, examples using Slidepath viewing software over the web from Lecia SCN400F scanner and costs for slide scanning and storing services.  Great images and reasonable prices for high resolution scanning and storage.

From their website:

High Resolution Digital Pathology

Archiving Slides

We can archive precious bright field and fluorescent  research and diagnostic pathology samples at high resolution. Our slide scanner (LEICA SCN400F) digitises entire histological slides. 

We can simply scan your slides and make the files available to you or we can store them on a secure, password-protected server

Comparison of multiple slides

The system is ideal for comparison of slides, for permanent archiving of entire fluorescent slides simply or for taking snapshots of your slides, in perfect contrast, white balance and in vivid colours. Images can be accessed at any time with any web browser, platform-independent or with an app on your iPad . 

Remote Access

We can give researchers exclusive access to their selection of slides. 

Researchers and Pathologists can get a login to access the slide collection on our server. 

Examples:

Price List: High resolution scanning and digital archive

High Resolution Slide scanning

Registration, scanning, storage and export 

Includes 1 months storage

Gigabyte file size£ 1.00
Storage of High Resolution imagesStorage on File serverGigabyte per month£ 0.20

 

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ion/divisions/neuropathology/ion-histology/DigitalPathology

 

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Pathology called the “absolute dumbest profession” by lab sales and marketing expert

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The micturition contest (no pun intended) in regards to self-referral practices, particularly within urology groups continues.

In the latest diaglogue between The Pathology Blawg and In-Office Pathology co-founder, Mr. Bernie Ness, Mr. Ness writes that "I have never met a pathologist in my 10 years of private consulting before IOP who knw what the positivity rate was for their lab.  NEVER. Pathology is the absolute dumbest profession I have ever seen in my life.  I have never seen a group of professionals so clueless as to the rules and regs that govern them."

Mian_pic_test
Someone told me many years ago never to send an e-mail to someone you wouldn't want forwarded or put on a website.  I learned that lesson the hard way years ago as a senior resident/junior staff pathologist in the Army.  Even if you are right and have the data that you think supports your point, think about who may or can see this.

Many years ago, while head coach of the New York Jets, Herman Edwards once said "You play to win the game. Hello? You play to win the game."  In more recent years, when referring, specifically to athletes texting or posting content online, ESPN plays a soundbite of him saying "Think before you hit send!" 

Think about that message being forwarded and think before you hit send.  Good advice. 

Confident Mr. Ness was aware of the risks sharing his innermost thoughts with a blogger and put them in writing.  Probably the first time I have seen pathology called "the absolute dumbest profession" but perhaps I am not reading the right material.  

He is welcome to his opinion.  Or a second opinion for that matter.  Of course he will defend his business practices as being sound clinical business practices but I wouldn't expect to hear or see this kind of rhetoric from someone who has spent over 30 years in sales and marketing within the laboratory industry, even if he/she thought it were true.  

According to the In-Office Pathology website (see below), it claims that Mr. Ness has helped with such innovations as client electronic interfaces, image enhanced reporting and of course, in-sourcing of pathology services in physician office practices.  

If an expert in sales and marketing within the pathology and laboratory industry mentions "Pathology is the absolute dumbest profession I have ever seen in my life", what does that say about our profession?  

From In-Office Pathology:

Bernie Ness has distinguished himself over the past 30 years as one of the experts in sales and marketing within the laboratory industry. His experience encompasses both large national lab companies as well as private, venture capital funded, startup companies. He is a recognized expert in the field of anatomic pathology sales and marketing.

He is well known for his expertise in revamping troubled sales organizations, adding innovation, marketing new technology and organizing and training sales forces. Bernie established one of the first computer-to-computer links for client order entry and lab results reporting. He launched several technologies that have become standards in oncology, infectious disease, pathology, and genetics, including color digital image anatomic pathology reporting. Bernie is often quoted in lab industry publications such as The Dark Report, Small Business Reports and Advance. 

He is a graduate of Southern Illinois University with a degree in biology and a minor in microbiology. He was a board member of BioDiagnostics Laboratory, Inc.,Torrance (CA), a member of Biomedical Marketing Association and The Medical Marketing Association. Bernie formed BJ Ness Consulting Group that specialized in pathology business management. He also started several medical ventures, including a revolutionary new logistics product to keep medical specimens frozen for four days without dry ice. He is co-founder of the predecessor company of recently renamed In-Office Pathology, the market leader for in-sourcing pathology referrals from specialty medical practices in urology, gastroenterolgy, and dermatology. 

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Pathology Visions 2012 – Pre-Meeting Announcement

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MAKE YOUR HOTEL RESERVATION TODAY FOR PATHOLOGY VISIONS 2012

The DPA has secured a special group rate for attendees of Pathology Visions at the Hilton Baltimore, $189 + tax per night for a single and double occupancy room. For overnight guest room accommodations, please make reservations here or by contacting the Hilton Baltimore directly by phone at (443) 573-8700. Be sure to mention that you are with the group Pathology Visions in order to receive the contracted group rate.

Room Rate:

$189 Single/Double + tax
Check-in: 3:00 PM
Check-out: Noon

Self Parking: $28, In/Out privilege

Valet parking: $40, In/Out privilege

Room Guarantee Information:

Hotel reservations must be received prior to October 1, 2011. All hotel reservations must be guaranteed with a credit card. You must be registered to attend Pathology Visions to receive the special rate.

Hilton Baltimore

The Hilton Baltimore hotel is ideally located in the exciting Baltimore Inner Harbor district downtown, a prime business, historic and cultural district in Baltimore, Maryland. We’re directly connected to the Baltimore Convention Center, adjacent to Camden Yards, and across from M&T Stadium, home of the Baltimore Ravens. The Connie Award winning Hilton Baltimore, MD hotel is a property designed to impress and accommodate every need of today's traveler

Guest Accommodations: 
As one of the premier hotels in Baltimore, the Hilton Baltimore offers luxurious accommodations in the downtown Baltimore area. Pamper yourself with our Hilton Serenity Collection™ bedding while you enjoy a luxurious guest room that features today’s latest technology - large, plasma high-def televisions, high speed Internet access and MP3 player clock radios. 
  
Hotel Address:

Hilton Balitmore

401 West Pratt Street

Baltimore, Maryland, United States 21201

Tel: 1-443-573-8700   

Fax:  1-443-683-8841

 

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CAP Response to Mitchell Study

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The College of American Pathologists recently mentioned, as I discussed last week a study looking at the number of specimen containers collected (and billed to Medicare) for prostate biopsies for self-referring (in-office laboratories) versus non self-referring urologists (send specimens to a lab to be processed and read).  There has been some concern that urologists, who have a stake in a lab they may own, would have financial incentive to do more biopsies, generate more cups and generate more 88305 codes than if they simply sent the work to a lab to be done.  

The null hypothesis for the study by a noted public policy economist at Georgetown University was that there would be no difference in number of specimens between those who owned their labs versus those who referred to laboratories.

The study found otherwise, that self-referring labs generate more cups for themselves than those who sent the specimens to another laboratory.  If you make more, you do more.  Simple economics.

Sadly, despite doing more biopsies, the cancer detection rate did not increase.  It actually decreased.  I don't think a multivariate analysis was done, based on how study was contructed (Medicare claims for these specimens from 2005 - 2007), but nevertheless, doing more biopsies did not yield more cancer.  

So, what does the CAP do with this information?  Essentially nothing in the course of the past week.

There was a Statline release with a link to the study by Dr. Mitchell last Monday and a members-only Webinar on the matter last Friday.  Dr. Mitchell reviewed her design study, methods, results and conclusions for about 30 minutes and then a member-driven Q&A followed for the remaining time.  

The session was moderated by Dr. George Kwass, a practicing pathologist in Massachusetts and CAP Board of Governors member.  

The member generated questions that were read by staff to Dr. Kwass and Dr. Mitchell ranged from design characteristics to what the College plans to do with the information.

This perhaps was the most disappointing part of the webinar.  Dr. Kwass specifically responded to the question of what does the College plan to do with "It is a work in progress".

On April 12th, the AUA fired off this letter, applauding the Journal which published the Mitchell Study and mentioned the "turf war" between pathology and urology on this matter and defended their practice of 12 cores versus less.

An organization called LUGPA which stands for The Large Urology Group Practice Association had a press release on Friday, hours before the CAP Webinar to its members.

The press release states: "This study simply furthers the political agenda of its sponsors to recapture lost market share and does not deserve credible recognition," states Dr. Deepak A. Kapoor, President of LUGPA and Chairman and CEO of Integrated Medical Professionals, PLLC. "To suggest that certain practices are performing extra and unnecessary pathology work for their own remuneration when they are working within rational clinical guidelines is offensive. It shows a total lack of understanding of proper prostate cancer diagnosis."

The College of American Pathologists published an alert, link to study, information on its advocacy site which I mentioned last week and holds a members-only webinar.  

Assuming the College did not know the results when the study was completed or during the peer-review process, it should have had 4 or 5 action items and more talking points ready to go, whether the results were favorable or unfavorable to the College's interests in this "turf war" as mentioned by our urology colleagues.  

Instead, we get "It is a work in progress".  A work in progress, strictly defined is "Material that has entered the production process but is not yet a finished product."  

Work in progress (WIP) therefore refers to all materials and partly finished products that are at various stages of the production process. WIP excludes inventory of raw materials at the start of the production cycle and finished products inventory at the end of the production cycle.

The term could also be used to ongoing projects, as I have used it, for example, months-long software implementations, home contruction or contract negotiations where everyone is working towards a common goal and end desired product.  

If the study was, say started in 2010 and in part, funded by the CAP, why is that an organization called LUGPA is firing their bullets and we are still having only, as far as I can tell members-only calls?

What is the College, its board, advocacy groups, political action committee or PR engine going to do before the likes of LUGPA, AUA or IOP continue to put their own spin on this?

Pathologists are data driven.  We have the data now.  Why don't we have a succint plan to use the data after many years?

 

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Visiopharm and Hamamatsu Announce Worldwide OEM Agreement and Reseller Partnership for Quantitative Digital Pathology

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>PRWEB.COM Newswire

Hoersholm, Denmark (PRWEB) April 16, 2012

April 16, 2012 - Visiopharm, a leading provider of Quantitative Digital Pathology solutions, andHamamatsu, a leading provider of whole slide scanners and data management solutions for digital pathology, announce today a non-exclusive worldwide original equipment manufacturer (OEM) agreement and reseller partnership for Visiopharm’s Quantitative Digital Pathology (QDP) solutions. Under the partnership Visiopharm will be an OEM for Hamamatsu’s new NDP.Analyze software, a research tool for tissue image analysis, which is fully compatible with Visiopharm’s entire suite of QDP solutions. Hamamatsu will market and sell the entire suite of QDP solutions, including CloudAnalysis, DeployedAnalysis, Stereology, and Application Protocol Packages (APPs) from Visiopharm’s new APPCenter. 
The NDP.Analyze will be exhibited at the Analytica on April 17-20 2012, in Munich, Germany.

Hamamatsu, who is known throughout the world for their NanoZoomer Digital Pathology (NDP) whole slide scanners, will expand their offering in digital pathology to include quantitative digital pathology. The full range of analysis solutions are integrated with the NDP.Serve data management software. The software will be available directly from Hamamatsu Worldwide.

Masafumi Oshiro, Product manager of Hamamatsu Photonics, stated “Hamamatsu is committed to provide complete solutions of high quality to its customers. Image analysis is becoming an increasingly important part of Digital Pathology. With the NDP.analyze and the software from Visiopharm fully integrated in the NDP environment, we are now able to provide a powerful image analysis solution. That scales well across the needs from individual academic researchers to large pharmaceutical companies with a regular and high-volume need for analysis. We are pleased to be able to offer image analysis APPs that provide a risk-free approach to image analysis for our customers, and at the same time provide immediate productivity with a very low learning curve.

NDP.Analyze integrated with Visiopharm’s innovative solutions for QDP, will provide Hamamatsu customers with leading technology and flexible options, including analysis of NanoZoomer whole slide images in the Cloud and unlimited access to Visiopharm’s patent-pending APPCenter. The APPCenter will provide both new and current NanoZoomer and Visiopharm customers with innovative, affordable options for their deployed solutions, but also allow them to expand their efforts to collaborate and share data in the Cloud.

Cloud analysis is an easy to budget solution for Hamamatsu customers who need access to sophisticated image analysis capabilities for a specific project which is limited in time. Whether it is for a week, a month, or longer customers will only pay for analysis when they need it. Hamamatsu customers can now have instant access, and be able to analyze whole slide images from work, home, or from anywhere.

Michael Grunkin PhD, CEO of Visiopharm, stated “We are very impressed with Hamamatsu and their innovative vision for digital pathology. The NanoZoomer is a very robust product capable of providing scanned images of a consistent high quality and with a very competitive scan speed. It is clear to us that Hamamatsu will play an important role in providing integrated and complete quality solutions to the research market. An OEM agreement and reseller partnership with Hamamatsu will expand the availability of Visiopharm’s QDP solutions worldwide, and enable the rapidly growing digital pathology market to work in an efficient, integrated digital workflow with Hamamatsu’s NanoZoomer Digital Pathology solutions.

About Visiopharm

Over the past 10 years, Visiopharm image analysis and stereology software has become the preferred Quantitative Digital Pathology solution for leading biopharmaceutical companies, clinical researchers, and academic researchers all over the world. Visiopharm has more than 300 deployed systems worldwide and a large network of distribution and support partners, and is featured in over 400 scientific publications.

About Hamamatsu 
Hamamatsu Photonics is a world-leading manufacturer of opto-electronic components and systems and employs over 4000 staff worldwide. The corporate headquarters are based in Hamamatsu City, Japan along with six manufacturing plants and central research laboratories. Since its inception in 1953, Hamamatsu Photonics has expanded to now enjoy a global presence with production facilities, business locations and associated companies throughout Asia, Europe and North America. 
Hamamatsu Photonics’ corporate philosophy stresses the advancement of Photonics through extensive research and development. The component- and system-products such as photosensors, cameras, complex systems are widely used in different research fields like communication, biomedical science, material science, pharmacology, medical science and many others.

Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/4/prweb9400579.htm

Read more: http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/664835#ixzz1sAfUOgEw

 

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This Weekend at The 2012 Congress for Curious Peoples: Panoramas! Baroque Television Evangelism! Human Zoos! Frederik Ruysch! Religious Theatre!

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This weekend at Coney Island! Hope very much to see you there.

SYMPOSIUM: THE 2012 CONGRESS FOR CURIOUS PEOPLE
Saturday and Sunday, April 21st and 22nd

SATURDAY APRIL 21st

11:00 – 12:00: Keynote Addresses

12:00 – 1:00: Lunch

1:00– 3:30: Immersive Amusements: Cosmoramas, Cycloramas and PanoramicIllusions: Panel discussion moderated and introduced by Aaron Beebe,The Coney Island Museum

4:00 – 5:00: The Business of the Dead: Frederik Ruysch as an Entrepreneurial Anatomist, Lecture by Daniel Margocsy, Hunter College

5:00: Christmas in America: Miss Velma and the Evangelist Spectacle: Screening of “Christmas in America,” an early 1970s television special by Miss Velma, early TV evangelist, introduced by Daniel Paul

SUNDAY APRIL 22

11:00 – 1:00: Religion and Spectacle: A panel with discussion moderated and introduced by Joanna Ebenstein, Morbid Anatomy Library

1:00 – 2:30: Lunch and Sideshow Visit

2:30 – 3:30: Traveling Ethnographic Shows and Human Zoos, a lecture by Elizabeth Bradley

3:30– 5:30: Theater Rethunk: An Alternative History of the Theatrical: Apanel with discussion moderated and introduced by Chris Muller

Tickets for the symposium are available here; for tickets to individual events and lectures, click here; 10-day Congressional Passes--which provide access to all events!--are available here. All events take place at 1208 Surf Avenue in Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York; you can map it here. See you there!!!

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