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Behavioral science students gain association scholarships in Morris County

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Kelly McGee, a student at West Morris Central High School, and Samantha Service, a student at West Morris Mendham High School, have won scholarships from the Morris County Psychological Association.

The annual scholarships are open to all high school students in Morris County who are taking classes related to the behavioral sciences. Classes include psychology, human and/or animal behavior, child development, and sociology. The purpose of the scholarship is to stimulate and encourage the study of the behavioral sciences among high school students, said a statement.

Students submitted papers previously written as part of their regular course work.

A total of 33 students from 10 Morris County schools submitted entries, which were then judged by 23 psychologists.

The winners, including McGee and Service, who won the top awards, were honored at a reception on June 6 at the Hamilton Park Conference Center in Florham Park. Each winner received a $150 award.

McGees teacher was Erin Feltmann and her entry was To what extent may Freuds theories on the origins of homosexuality be considered valid when analyzed through biological and developmental prisms?

Services teacher was Jennifer Brown and her entry was An experiment to investigate the effect of word superiority on the correct identification of letters within the word.

The honorable mentions were: Trevor Brown, Halina Malinowski and Jillian Fahy from West Morris Central High School, Erin Feltmann, teacher; Emma Pallarino from Morristown High School, Erin Colfax, teacher; Caroline Duvall and Caroline Hall from West Morris Mendham High School, Jennifer Brown and Kristina Piirimae, teachers; Harim Jung from Madison High School, Paul Mueller, teacher; and Natasha Kazkevich from Morris Knolls High School, John Hrynyk, teacher.

Judges were Rhonda Allen, Lauren Becker, Randy Bressler, Richard Dauber, Mark Gironda, Hayley Hirschmann, Tommy Kot, Jack Lagos, Geraldine Lucignano, Brendan McLoughlin, Morgan Murray, Nicole Rafanello, Debi Roelke, Francine Rosenberg, Nancy Sidhu, Jeffrey Singer, Beverly Tignor, Aaron Welt, Miriam Wolosh, Paul Yampolsky, Joshua Zavin, Michael Zito, and Jeannine Zoppi. The scholarship program was chaired by Susan Neigher.

For additional information, visit http://www.mcpanj,com.

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Behavioral science students gain association scholarships in Morris County

Dinosaurs were warm-blooded reptiles

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Public release date: 28-Jun-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Maria Jesus Delgado MariaJesus.Delgado@uab.cat 34-935-814-049 Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona

The journal Nature has published a study analysing the lines of arrested growth (LAG) in the bones of around a hundred ruminants, representative of the specific and ecological diversity of that group of mammals. The results show that the presence of these lines is not an indicator of an ectothermic physiology (does not generate internal heat), as had previously been thought, since all warm-blooded mammals have them. The study therefore dismantles the key argument of the hypothesis that dinosaurs could have been cold-blooded reptiles. The work was carried out by researchers from the Institut Catal de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), in collaboration with a researcher from the Norwegian Polar Institute.

LAGs are seen in bone sections as dark rings, similar to those seen in tree trunks. The rings are formed, both in the studied mammals and in trees, during the unfavourable seasons (winter or dry season) when the growth of the organism is arrested as a result of a lack of resources. The presence of LAGs in bones was, until now, considered to be the clearest indicator of ectothermy since the seasonal arrest of growth was related to the animal's inability to maintain a more or less constant body temperature (endothermy) during the season of scarce resources.

As the ICREA researcher and ICP palaeontologist Meike Khler explains: The study we have carried out is very powerful, both in terms of the amount of material and the diversity of species with which we worked, but we did not design it to find a response to the thermophysiology of dinosaurs. We sought to better understand the physiology of extant mammals and how the environment affects them how their growth changes as a result of external temperatures, rain and the availability of food and water".

Understanding this was the first step to establishing discussions in paleontological research about the physiology of animals that lived several million years ago.

But the researchers realised that what they observed in the bones of different ruminants refutes the main argument for an ectothermic physiology in dinosaurs. Many hypotheses set out from the premise that large mammals endothermic par excellence do not have LAGs in their hard tissues since they do not need to arrest their growth responding to external temperature conditions. In fact, since LAGs have been observed in almost all species of dinosaur, many scientists considered that they were cold-blooded reptiles.

The article published today in Nature offers the first systematic study, based on an extensive sample of mammals representative of a large variety of ecosystems, which shows that LAGs do not indicate an ectothermic physiology but give us information about how the physiology (metabolism) of an animal changes according to seasonal endocrinal changes, both in cold- and warm-blooded animals. These changes represent a common heritage in all vertebrates and are a kind of internal clock that regulates the animals' needs according to the seasonal availability of resources. Despite the fact that these physiological changes have a strong genetic component, they are also functional and their intensity depends on the ecological conditions in which the animals live. The main ecological factors are more rain and limited supply of food and water, rather than external temperature. This discovery opens up a major line of research into the conservation of biodiversity on our planet today.

Researcher Meike Khler says:

It may seem surprising that until now there has not been a similar systematic study to prove or disprove whether it is only ectotherms that leave these marks in their bones during growth. In fact, there are so many things we do not know that science does not always advance in a linear way. The ideas somehow had long been wandering among the scientific community, but the work we have published organizes them and bases them on data.

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Dinosaurs were warm-blooded reptiles

Dinosaurs were warm-blooded reptiles: Mammal bone study sheds light on dinosaur physiology

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ScienceDaily (June 28, 2012) A study with extant mammals refutes the hypothesis on which the assumption that dinosaurs were ectotherms was based.

The work was carried out by researchers from Institut Catal de Paleontologia (ICP) and Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona (UAB). It has been published in Nature.

The study analysing the lines of arrested growth (LAG) in the bones of around a hundred ruminants, representative of the specific and ecological diversity of that group of mammals. The results show that the presence of these lines is not an indicator of an ectothermic physiology (does not generate internal heat), as had previously been thought, since all warm-blooded mammals have them. The study therefore dismantles the key argument of the hypothesis that dinosaurs could have been cold-blooded reptiles.

The work was carried out by Meike Khler, ICREA researcher and ICP palaeontologist; Ronny Aanes, researcher from the Norwegian Polar Institute; Nekane Marn, PhD student at the UAB and Xavier Jordana, lecturer of postgraduate studies at same university.

LAGs are seen in bone sections as dark rings, similar to those seen in tree trunks. The rings are formed, both in the studied mammals and in trees, during the unfavourable seasons (winter or dry season) when the growth of the organism is arrested as a result of a lack of resources. The presence of LAGs in bones was, until now, considered to be the clearest indicator of ectothermy since the seasonal arrest of growth was related to the animal's inability to maintain a more or less constant body temperature (endothermy) during the season of scarce resources.

Meike Khler explains: "the study we have carried out is very powerful, both in terms of the amount of material and the diversity of species with which we worked, but we did not design it to find a response to the thermophysiology of dinosaurs. We sought to better understand the physiology of extant mammals and how the environment affects them -- how their growth changes as a result of external temperatures, rain and the availability of food and water."

Understanding this was the first step to establishing discussions in paleontological research about the physiology of animals that lived several million years ago.

But the researchers realised that what they observed in the bones of different ruminants refutes the main argument for an ectothermic physiology in dinosaurs. Many hypotheses set out from the premise that large mammals -- endothermic par excellence -- do not have LAGs in their hard tissues since they do not need to arrest their growth responding to external temperature conditions. In fact, since LAGs have been observed in almost all species of dinosaur, many scientists considered that they were cold-blooded reptiles.

The article published in Nature offers the first systematic study, based on an extensive sample of mammals representative of a large variety of ecosystems, which shows that LAGs do not indicate an ectothermic physiology but give us information about how the physiology (metabolism) of an animal changes according to seasonal endocrinal changes, both in cold- and warm-blooded animals. These changes represent a common heritage in all vertebrates and are a kind of internal clock that regulates the animals' needs according to the seasonal availability of resources. Despite the fact that these physiological changes have a strong genetic component, they are also functional and their intensity depends on the ecological conditions in which the animals live. The main ecological factors are more rain and limited supply of food and water, rather than external temperature. This discovery opens up a major line of research into the conservation of biodiversity on our planet today.

"It may seem surprising that until now there has not been a similar systematic study to prove or disprove whether it is only ectotherms that leave these marks in their bones during growth. In fact, there are so many things we do not know that science does not always advance in a linear way. The ideas somehow had long been wandering among the scientific community, but the work we have published organizes them and bases them on data," says researcher Meike Khler.

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Dinosaurs were warm-blooded reptiles: Mammal bone study sheds light on dinosaur physiology

Moss receives Frontiers in Physiology Fellowship

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Joseph Moss from D.H. Conley High School is among 28 middle and high school science teachers in 21 states to receive 2010 Frontiers in Physiology Online Professional Development Fellowships from the American Physiological Society (APS).

The new online professional development course allows the Frontiers teacher fellows to explore effective teaching strategies, understand the research process, and strategically enhance classroom lessons. From April 2010 to April 2011, teachers are engaged in course assignments, hands-on activities and online experiments, and discussions with one another across the nation. The lessons are structured in the APS Six Star Science framework for promoting excellence in science education. The research-based Six Star Science principles address student-centered learning, equity and diversity, technology in the classroom, authentic assessment on content and pedagogy, updated content, and reflection on the practice of teaching and learning.

Frontiers teacher fellows are mentored through the course by two former Frontiers teacher fellows who have undertaken roles as teacher mentors and APS Education Office staff.

For the complete article, please pick up a copy of The Daily Reflector. Current home delivery and electronic edition subscribers may log in to access this article at no charge. To become a subscriber, please click here or contact Customer Service at (252) 329-9505.

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Moss receives Frontiers in Physiology Fellowship

ARAMARK Expands Access to Nutrition and Wellness Programs For Lowell's Underserved Families

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LOWELL, Mass., June 28, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --It's been more than two years since children at CTI's James Houlares Early Learning Center have been able to enjoy their playground, which includes an old wooden structure that is no longer safe. Yet more than a third of the children enrolled in CTI's early learning programs are overweight, and in need of access to safe recreational areas where they can increase their physical activity.

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20110907/PH63208LOGO )

Today more than 100 volunteers from ARAMARK, the global professional services company, will celebrate their partnership with Community Teamwork, Inc. and establish an ARAMARK Building Community (ABC) Opportunity Zone at the Early Learning Center, which will be a hub of ongoing nutrition and wellness education and programs for the community. In addition, they will announce an educational campaign to address obesity and health challenges in Lowell, where more than 18 percent of the population is living below the poverty level and does not have access to adequate nutrition information and fresh, healthy food.

"Obesity and chronic disease are some of the major barriers to the health and prosperity of our community," said Karen Frederick, CTI Executive Director. "Our partnership with ARAMARK, and the nutrition expertise they will provide to our families is key to overcoming these barriers."

This effort is part of ARAMARK Building Community (ABC), the company's global volunteer and philanthropic program focused on strengthening local community centers and helping struggling families in 50 cities. Through ABC, employees use their culinary, hospitality, food and nutrition, facilities management and human resources talents to create strong and vital communities.

The ABC Opportunity Zone will include a completely refurbished outdoor recreation space for children. The underutilized space currently includes old playground equipment that will be removed and a new, safe play area will be installed. In addition, volunteers will expand the vegetable garden to provide more fresh vegetables for the community.

"ARAMARK employees are here today to demonstrate how deeply we care about the vitality of this community," said Frank Mendicino, ARAMARK President and Chief Strategy Officer. "Through ARAMARK Building Community, today and year-round, we are making a meaningful difference, whether it's a chef teaching a healthy cooking class, a human resources professional delivering a workshop on how to get a job, or a facilities expert creating a vibrant environment. We help people succeed, and build strong communities."

Volunteers will also install a permanent ABC Eat Smart Zone which will provide nutritious menus and nutrition education materials, and will also be for the center of ongoing cooking and nutrition education and awareness workshops. Throughout the year, ARAMARK culinary experts will participate in CTI's Cooking Matters program on the local cable television station, which teaches families how to eat healthy meals on a budget.

ARAMARK is the food service partner for the Lowell public schools, where the majority of children served by CTI are students. ARAMARK's relationship with CTI started a year ago when employees participated in a CTI fundraiser, and since then, volunteers have worked with CTI to identify ways to help address health and wellness issues in the community. Volunteers recently led a series of nutritional presentations for families living in motel rooms who were struggling to prepare nutritious meals with limited kitchen facilities, often only a microwave oven.

About Community Teamwork, Inc.Community Teamwork, Inc.'s mission is to assist low-income people in becoming self sufficient, to assist them with decisions that impact their lives, and to alleviate the effects of poverty. CTI is an advocate and catalyst for systemic change on issues that affect low-income families, such as education, workforce training, housing, economic development and civic engagement. CTI provides a range of services, including employment and job training, shelter for the homeless, child care, after-school programs, and other educational programs, at 12 locations that serve 42 communities in Middlesex and Essex counties.

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ARAMARK Expands Access to Nutrition and Wellness Programs For Lowell's Underserved Families

Programmable DNA scissors found for bacterial immune system

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Programmable DNA scissors: A double-RNA structure in the bacterial immune system has been discovered that directs Cas9 enzymes to cleave and destroy invading DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. This same dual RNA structure should be programmable for genome editing. Credit: (Image by H. Adam Steinberg, artforscience.com)

(Phys.org) -- Genetic engineers and genomics researchers should welcome the news from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) where an international team of scientists has discovered a new and possibly more effective means of editing genomes. This discovery holds potentially big implications for advanced biofuels and therapeutic drugs, as genetically modified microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, are expected to play a key role in the green chemistry production of these and other valuable chemical products.

Jennifer Doudna, a biochemist with Berkeley Lab's Physical Biosciences Division and professor at the University of California (UC) Berkeley, helped lead the team that identified a double-RNA structure responsible for directing a bacterial protein to cleave foreign DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, the research team found that it is possible to program the protein with a single RNA to enable cleavage of essentially any DNA sequence.

"We've discovered the mechanism behind the RNA-guided cleavage of double-stranded DNA that is central to the bacterial acquired immunity system," says Doudna, who holds appointments with UC Berkeley's Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Chemistry, and is an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). "Our results could provide genetic engineers with a new and promising alternative to artificial enzymes for gene targeting and genome editing in bacteria and other cell types."

Doudna is one of two corresponding authors of a paper in the journal Science describing this work titled "A programmable dual RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity." The second corresponding author is Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine at Sweden's Ume University. Other co-authors of the paper were Martin Jinek, Krzysztof Chylinski, Ines Fonfara and Michael Hauer.

Bacterial and archaeon microbes face a never-ending onslaught from viruses and invading circles of nucleic acid known as plasmids. To survive, the microbes deploy an adaptive-type nucleic acid-based immune system that revolves around a genetic element known as CRISPR, which stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Through the combination of CRISPRs and associated endonucleases, called CRISPR-associated "Cas" proteins, bacteria and archaeons are able to utilize small customized crRNA molecules (for CRISPR-derived RNA) to target and destroy the DNA of invading viruses and plasmids.

There are three distinct types of CRISPR/Cas immunity systems. Doudna and her colleagues studied the Type II system which relies exclusively upon one family of endonucleases for the targeting and cleaving of foreign DNA, the Cas9 proteins.

"For the Type II CRISPR/Cas system, we found that crRNA connects via base-pairs with a trans-activating RNA (tracrRNA), to form a two-RNA structure," Doudna says. "These dual RNA molecules (tracrRNA:crRNA) direct Cas9 proteins to introduce double-stranded DNA breaks at specific sites targeted by the crRNA-guide sequence."

Doudna and her colleagues demonstrated that the dual tracrRNA:crRNA molecules can be engineered as a single RNA chimera for site-specific DNA cleavage, opening the door to RNA-programmable genome editing.

"Cas9 binds to the tracrRNA:crRNA complex which in turn directs it to a specific DNA sequence through base-pairing between the crRNA and the target DNA," Doudna says. "Microbes use this elegant mechanism to cleave and destroy viruses and plasmids, but for genome editing, the system could be used to introduce targeted DNA changes into the genome.

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Programmable DNA scissors found for bacterial immune system

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Court: State can't analyze DNA samples of juveniles not convicted

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Analyzing the DNA samples of youngsters who have not been found guilty of any crime is an unconstitutional warrantless search, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled Wednesday.

In a unanimous decision, the justices said the state is free to force juveniles accused of certain serious offenses to provide a DNA sample. Justice Andrew Hurwitz, writing for the court, said that is little different than fingerprints or mug shots.

But Hurwitz said that legal parallel ceases to exist once the state submits that sample for processing by the Department of Public Safety crime laboratory. He said that processing results in the state obtaining "uniquely identifying information about individual genetics."

What it also means, Hurwitz said, is that DNA profile is placed into both state and national databases so police agencies can use it to see if a youngster is linked to any unsolved crimes. The justices said that, absent a juvenile actually being adjudicated delinquent, there is no reason for the government to have that information.

"Having a DNA profile before adjudication may conceivably speed such investigations," he wrote.

"But one accused of a crime, although having diminished expectations of privacy in some respects, does not forfeit Fourth Amendment protections with respect to other offenses not charged absent either probable cause or reasonable suspicion," Hurwitz continued. "An arrest for vehicular homicide, for example, cannot alone justify a warrantless search of an arrestee's financial records to see if he is also an embezzler."

Wednesday's ruling could have broader implications.

Christina Phillis, director of Maricopa County's Office of Public Advocate, noted that other Arizona laws require similar testing of DNA samples taken from adults at the time of arrest. To date, though, Phillis said no adult who has not yet been convicted has mounted a similar challenge to this one.

This case -- and the logic behind it espoused by Hurwitz -- could provide the framework for the court to consider the issue.

Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery, whose office had defended the DNA testing, said in a prepared statement he was pleased the court will allow samples to still be taken. But he disagreed with the conclusion that actually processing the sample amounted to any sort of invasion of privacy.

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Court: State can't analyze DNA samples of juveniles not convicted

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Explore Leading-Edge Forensic DNA Technologies and Techniques at the 2012 International Symposium on Human …

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MADISON, Wis.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

The rapid expansion of DNA technologies has both technical and ethical implications. Forensic professionals interested in learning about developing forensic DNA technologies and exploring the potential impact are invited to join scientists, law enforcement professionals and forensic experts at the 23rd International Symposium on Human Identification (ISHI), October 15-18 in Nashville, Tennessee.

WHAT:

WHO:

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WEB:

This symposium for forensic experts and suppliers is offered through Promega Corporation, a leader in providing innovative solutions and technical support to the life sciences industry. The companys 2,000 products enable scientists worldwide to advance their knowledge in genomics, proteomics, cellular analysis, molecular diagnostics and human identification. Founded in 1978, the company is headquartered in Madison, WI, USA with branches in 15 countries and over 50 global distributors. For more information about Promega, visit http://www.promega.com.

Photos/Multimedia Gallery Available: http://www.businesswire.com/cgi-bin/mmg.cgi?eid=50325859&lang=en

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Explore Leading-Edge Forensic DNA Technologies and Techniques at the 2012 International Symposium on Human ...

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MIT names Kaiser as new provost

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology Prof. Chris A. Kaiser, who headed the universitys biology department for eight years, has been selected as its new provost, according to president-elect L. Rafael Reif.

Kaiser succeeds Reif, who has served as MITs provost since 2005. Both will assume their new positions on July 2. Reif takes over the campus presidency from Susan Hockfield who announced earlier this year she was stepping down from the position.

Kaiser, 55, a cell biologist and biology professor, has been a member of the MIT faculty since 1991. He chaired the Department of Biology from 2004 until earlier this year.

A distinguished scholar and a master teacher in his field, he has also played a key role on a number of Institute-wide committees, advancing the broader mission of MIT with curiosity, creativity, empathy and a marvelous sense of humor, Reif said. I have no doubt that he will thrive as provost.

The provost is MITs senior academic and budget officer, responsible for the Institutes educational programs, and the recruitment, promotion and tenuring of faculty.

The campus said Kaiser managed the appointment of 14 new junior faculty in the biology department and in affiliated research institutions, including the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, the Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, and the Broad Institute, while as biology department head.

Kaiser earned a bachelors degree in biochemistry from Harvard University in 1980, and a PhD in biology from MIT in 1987. He did postdoctoral research as a Helen Hay Whitney Fellow at the University of California at Berkeley before joining MIT as an assistant professor of biology in 1991.

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MIT names Kaiser as new provost

Kap girl published

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Kap girl published

Chequed.com Announces Latest Version of Automated Reference Checking Software

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SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY--(Marketwire -06/28/12)- Chequed.com, Inc., an online reference checking and pre-employment testing provider used by HR professionals, today announced the general availability of Version 3.0 of ChequedReference. ChequedReference is a cloud-based reference checking system that utilizes assessment-based logic to provide unparalleled insight into a candidate's fit for a job and company.

Designed to replace or augment the traditional phone-based reference-checking process, ChequedReference automates the gathering of information from references and uses proprietary behavioral science to predict whether a candidate is suitable. In addition to providing hiring employers with unprecedented visibility into past performance and insight into whether a candidate will flourish within their organization, ChequedReference delivers an exceptional employment branding experience to candidates and their references.

Greg Moran, Chairman and President of Chequed.com, commented, "ChequedReference makes reference checking relevant again because its ease of use drives high completion rates. It is unique in the reference checking category because it has its basis in behavioral assessments. We've designed a solution that reliably asks meaningful questions, automatically interprets the responses and makes the reference checking step of the recruiting continuum scientific rather than subjective."

Version 3.0 of ChequedReference features more than 1,000 pre-loaded validated benchmarks for easy implementation and gives users the ability to create custom reference check questions per job. Candidate liability release forms are standard, alleviating concerns related to the reference checking process, and the look and feel can be customized to deliver the optimal employment branding experience. Version 3.0 features a number of other options, including optional candidate self-assessments to compare candidate self-reported information versus reference-reported and the ability to ensure full confidentiality to safeguard candor and honesty.

Other industry-leading features include:

ChequedReference is designed to integrate with any applicant tracking system through a set of open APIs. The solution is used by a variety of name-brand companies that report satisfaction with its ease-of-use and comprehensive functionality.

More information about ChequedReference can be accessed at: http://www.chequed.com.

About Chequed.comFounded in 2008 by some of the foremost experts in employee selection and development, Chequed.com is an emerging leader in the rapidly growing market for Predictive Talent Selection technology.

Using its revolutionary Performance Engine, Chequed delivers rapid, accurate pre-dictions of a new hire's performance. The technology's ability to track and measure relevant results contributes to HR organizations' ability to better demonstrate a clear tie to business results.

Chequed.com's experienced management team, board of directors and advisory committee have helped hundreds of startups and growing companies hire talent that made them industry leaders. Their extensive expertise has fortified the Chequed software to meet the day-to-day challenges of human resource managers facing competitive markets for human capital.

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Anatomy of an upset: How Jim Bridenstine beat Rep. John Sullivan

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Read all the election coverage.

Sullivan, according to aides, had returned to Washington, D.C.

Bridenstine was reporting for duty in the Navy Reserve, said campaign manager Erik Zoellner.

Zoellner said the Bridenstine camp went into election day thinking their candidate would probably win. If so, they were about the only ones who saw the eight-point victory coming.

"We all missed this," said University of Oklahoma political science professor Keith Gaddie.

"You could see something like this happening to Sullivan eventually, but nobody saw this time. If they say they did, they're lying."

Any loss by a congressional incumbent is rare. It last happened in Oklahoma in 1994, when retired school administrator Virgil Cooper defeated 2nd District U.S. Rep. Mike Synar in the Democratic primary and in so doing helped launch the political career of Tom Coburn.

Cooper, a protest candidate, did not really contest the general election and even encouraged people to vote for Coburn, who became the first Republican in 70 years to represent the 2nd District.

In that instance, voters had become discontented with what was perceived, at least, as Synar's increasingly liberal voting record at a time when conservatives were seizing control of Congress.

Long-time state political observer Bill Shapard said Sullivan had no similar ideological break with the electorate.

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Anatomy of an upset: How Jim Bridenstine beat Rep. John Sullivan

Dinosaurs Might Have Had Warm-Blooded Animals’ Fast Metabolism

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News | Evolution

Evidence is mounting against claims that dinosaurs could not have been endothermic, including a new analysis of fossil microstructures found in ruminants, lizards, dinosaurs and crocodiles

By Brian Switek and Nature magazine | June 27, 2012|

Studying modern mammals can provide insights into the metabolism of dinosaurs. Image: Walter Myers /Stocktrek Images/Corbis

Why do testicles hang the way they do? Is there an adaptive function to the female orgasm? What does it feel like to want to kill yourself? Does free will...

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From Nature magazine

From museums to Hollywood films, dinosaurs are portrayed as highly active animals, but how they maintained this lifestyle isnt clear. For decades, palaeontologists have debated whether the physiology of non-avian dinosaurs was akin to that of today's cold-blooded reptiles or warm-blooded mammals. An important clue has now been uncovered not in Triceratops and its relatives, but in herbivorous mammals.

Palaeontologists have often examined bone microstructure in their investigations of dinosaur growth and physiology. Key to arguments on the subject are lines of arrested growth (LAGs) that represent an annual slowdown typically tied to a cold or dry season during which resources are scarce. These rings are seen in dinosaurs, as well as in creatures such as lizards and crocodiles, whose body temperatures are regulated by the external environment, but have not often been observed in the bones of endotherms creatures such as mammals that maintain high, constant body temperatures. But in a study published today in Nature, palaeontologist Meike Khler at the Autonomous University of Barcelona in Bellaterra, Spain, and her colleagues report that LAGs are present in ruminants from the tropics to the poles, greatly altering the context of the dinosaur-physiology debate.

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Dinosaurs Might Have Had Warm-Blooded Animals' Fast Metabolism

Dinosaurs warm up

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Studying modern mammals can provide insights into the metabolism of dinosaurs.

Walter Myers /Stocktrek Images/Corbis

From museums to Hollywood films, dinosaurs are portrayed as highly active animals, but how they maintained this lifestyle isnt clear. For decades, palaeontologists have debated whether the physiology of non-avian dinosaurs was akin to that of today's cold-blooded reptiles or warm-blooded mammals. An important clue has now been uncovered not in Triceratops and its relatives, but in herbivorous mammals.

Palaeontologists have often examined bone microstructure in their investigations of dinosaur growth and physiology. Key to arguments on the subject are lines of arrested growth (LAGs) that represent an annual slowdown typically tied to a cold or dry season during which resources are scarce. These rings are seen in dinosaurs, as well as in creatures such as lizards and crocodiles, whose body temperatures are regulated by the external environment, but have not often been observed in the bones of endotherms creatures such as mammals that maintain high, constant body temperatures. But in a study published today in Nature1, palaeontologist Meike Khler at the Autonomous University of Barcelona in Bellaterra, Spain, and her colleagues report that LAGs are present in ruminants from the tropics to the poles, greatly altering the context of the dinosaur-physiology debate.

Although LAGs have been found in mammalian bones before, Khler notes, this is the most comprehensive study of the structures in modern mammals across a range of latitudes. The herbivorous, hoofed mammals all slow their growth when faced with harsh conditions. This is the best way to cope with a cold or dry season, Khler says to shut down the energy demands of the body. The slowdown produces LAGs, even in endothermic organisms, and is an ancient mechanism for coping with lean times.

This means that LAGs cannot be used as an argument that dinosaurs could not have been endothermic, Khler says. In fact, the type of bone tissue seen in between dinosaur LAGs indicates the animals grew rapidly and sustained high metabolic rates. Dinosaur bone tissue is indistinguishable from that of todays endothermic ruminants, Khler says, meaning that dinosaurs were endothermic, too.

Anatomist John Hutchinson of London's Royal Veterinary College says that the study puts a nail in the coffin for the idea that mammals do not routinely exhibit LAGs as a natural part of their growth. And Hutchinson agrees that the study may help us to better understand dinosaur physiology.

Although he notes that the argument over dinosaur physiology involves a number of factors including histology and adaptations for rapid movement Hutchinson says that Khler's study provides additional evidence for dinosaur endothermy. The growing weight of evidence has been winning over scientists, myself included, to the view that endothermy evolved quite early in dinosaurs and was inherited by birds, he says.

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Dinosaurs warm up

California Pathology Practice Increases Reimbursement by 40%

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ATLANTA, June 27, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Today's pathology practices face increasing billing complexities. Coding regulations are complicated, and penalties can be stiff if errors are made. Some physician groups miss valuable reimbursement revenue for certain services because they don't have the capacity or resources to bill for them electronically.

South Valley Pathology Associates in Bakersfield, CA, was one such group. With three full-time physicians, a small technical team and a three-person business office staff, South Valley was performing at an acceptable level while its billing was managed by an internal business manager. But when it made the switch to Orion HealthCorp, a leading medical billing and practice management company, it began to realize what it had been missing.

"Orion made us aware of revenue opportunities we didn't know existed," said Dr. Bruce Swinyer, medical director of the practice. "We never collected for clinical services (blood draws and testing), because the lab operates independent of us. Orion showed us how we could begin collecting for those services as well as for the anatomical (tissue) pathology services we perform. That has made a huge difference for us. We have streamlined our billing processes and optimized reimbursement."

40% reimbursement increase in 2011Typically, smaller pathology practices don't have the ability to bill for clinical services because the charges are sent electronically and the individual collections are small, so handling them manually usually costs more than the actual reimbursement. Orion has the software capabilities and the expertise to do the job correctly. With the addition of clinical collections and increased collections for anatomical services with Orion, the practice's reimbursement from Medicare and private insurers grew by 40% in 2011, a record year for the practice.

Also, since partnering with Orion in 2010, Dr. Swinyer says he has greater insight into how the business side of the practice is performing. That is extremely important in today's economy. "Orion's e-mail month-end statement of collections and weekly updates on collected revenue are a great asset," he said. "Also, being able to see revenue broken out by anatomical and clinical pathology services is very helpful."

Transparency into vital signs"They established credibility from the outset," he said. "And when they showed me their reporting capabilities and the visibility provided into our practice, I knew it was going to be a good match."

Osmium(SM), Orion's Business Intelligence (BI) tool that provides transparency into the practice's vital signs, makes much of that visibility possible. It puts data in relevant form so Dr. Swinyer can see precisely, in real time, how the practice is performing and how Orion is performing while identifying opportunities for improvement and future growth.

"We know Osmium is a valuable tool, but it is always good to see it validated in the marketplace this way, and to see the value it is providing Dr. Swinyer's practice," said Dale Brinkman, president of Orion Rand and Orion Western Skies Billing. "We work hard at Orion to see that our clients are satisfied, and this is proof positive that we are doing the job right."

Today, the practice's billing is handled much more professionally and objectively, giving Dr. Swinyer a new-found confidence. He is also lab director at a smaller hospital in Kern Valley. With his busy schedule, he appreciates knowing that the business side of the practice is in good hands with Orion.

According to Dr. Swinyer, Orion delivers benefits to the practice at every level. "Not only does their billing yield strong results, but they are also exceptionally responsive to our requests," he said. "Their team is extremely approachable, and I feel very comfortable dealing with them. It's a great partnership, and I have peace of mind knowing that our practice is running smoothly."

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California Pathology Practice Increases Reimbursement by 40%

Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA.PK) Announces the Launch of Adia Slim, Which Is Believed to Be the First Probiotic With an …

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NEWPORT BEACH, CA--(Marketwire -06/27/12)- Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA) is proud to announce the launch of a revolutionary new product called Adia Slim. It is believed to be the first probiotic beverage with an appetite suppressant in the $61 billion diet and weight loss industry.

Adia Slim is a raspberry lemonade flavored beverage powder which contains LuraLean. LuraLean is a fiber from the root of a Japanese plant called Konjac. The fiber expands in your stomach shortly after you drink it, and gives you a feeling of fullness so you eat less.

This fiber is then combined with probiotics to make sure the food you eat is then digested more efficiently.

"Adia Slim is a revolutionary step in weight management," said Adia CEO Wen Peng. "We believe that Adia Slim gives dieters a tool to help control the quantity of food people consume. This tool, combined with diet and exercise should show results. As with any health program, please speak to your doctor in connection with any lifestyle change. Like all our Adia products, Adia Slim contains convenient and shelf stable 'On the Go' probiotics that require no refrigeration together with essential vitamins and minerals. Adia Nutrition are the perfect products for the busy 'on the go' family, from mom and dad to the kids."

Adia Slim can be ordered by calling 1-877-207-6321 or by visiting http://www.adianutrition.com to order online or find the local retailer near you.

About Adia Nutrition, Inc.

About Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA) is a company specializing in shelf stable probiotics. Currently, Adia offers five flavors of probiotic powder and two flavors of probiotic chews. Adia sells their products across the country in independent pharmacies, health food stores, fitness centers and grocery store chains. In states and countries where Adia does not yet have retail distribution partners you can find Adia online. According to a market research report titled 'Probiotics Market,' published by Markets and Markets (www.marketsandmarkets.com), the global probiotics market is expected to be worth US$ 32.6 billion by 2014. Moreover, the global market is expected to record a CAGR of 12.6%.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release may contain forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "expect," "should," "intend," "estimate," and "projects," variations of such words and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements are based upon the Company's current expectations and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ significantly from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements are risks that are detailed in the Company's filings, which are on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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Adia Nutrition, Inc. (ADIA.PK) Announces the Launch of Adia Slim, Which Is Believed to Be the First Probiotic With an ...

LifeVantage Announces Protandim(R) Subject of New Peer-Reviewed Article

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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Article Reports Protandim(R) Protects Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Against Oxidative Challenge

SALT LAKE CITY, June 27, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- LifeVantage Corporation (LFVN), the leader in Nrf2 science and the maker of Protandim(R), the Nrf2 Synergizer(R) patented dietary supplement, announced today that a new peer-reviewed original research article involving Protandim was recently published in the scientific journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.

The study, conducted by researchers at Colorado State University, examined cells in vitro that line the vessels involved in coronary artery disease and demonstrated that Protandim induced the movement of the transcription factor Nrf2 into the nuclei of the cells. It also showed significant Protandim-dependent increases in phase II protective enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione reductase, and the antioxidant enzyme NQO1. When cells were challenged with oxidative stress by a four-hour exposure to hydrogen peroxide, 35% of control cells died via apoptosis whereas cells pretreated with Protandim for 12 hours were protected seven-fold, resulting in only a 5% death rate by apoptosis. Finally, experiments using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique to block the cells' ability to produce Nrf2, confirmed that Protandim's mechanism of action is indeed Nrf2-dependent, in both specific enzyme induction and functional protection of the cells from oxidative stress.

"The cells studied in this project represent 'ground zero,' the epicenter for damage that results in human coronary artery disease. Much research suggests that this damage begins with oxidative stress," said Dr. Joe McCord, LifeVantage Chief Science Officer. "It is impressive that the activation of Nrf2 produces such significant resistance and protection against oxidative stress in these cells."

"This work was conceived and conducted by investigators at Colorado State University, with funding provided by CSU Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility Academic Enrichment Program and a Colorado State University CAHS mini-grant," stated Douglas Robinson, LifeVantage President and CEO. "LifeVantage greatly appreciates the remarkable academic interest in Protandim shown by researchers such as Drs. Karyn Hamilton and Ben Miller, the study's co-principal investigators, and their colleagues. This scholarly contribution underscores the potential being recognized by the biomedical research community for Protandim with regard to health conditions associated with oxidative stress."

Authored by Elise L. Donovan, Benjamin F. Miller, Joe M. McCord, Danielle J. Reuland, and Karyn L. Hamilton, the study titled, "Phytochemical Activation of Nrf2 Protects Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells against an Oxidative Challenge," is published in the open access online journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2012, Article ID 132931, doi:10.1155/2012/132931.

The study may be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22685617.

About Protandim(R) The Nrf2 Synergizer(R)

Protandim(R), the Nrf2 Synergizer(R), is a clinically demonstrated supplement that provides substantial benefits for healthy aging by activating Nrf2. Nrf2 is a protein messenger contained in every cell of the body. When activated, Nrf2 enters the cell nucleus and turns on hundreds of survival genes, defensive, stress responsive, cytoprotective genes that enable cells to survive in the face of several different kinds of stress, particularly oxidative stress. This patented Nrf2-activating therapy works in a very different way than conventional antioxidant supplements. Unlike vitamin or carotenoid-containing products that have proven to be largely ineffective in reducing oxidative stress caused by free radicals, Protandim is an indirect antioxidant therapy, which has been demonstrated to stimulate the body's production of its own powerful antioxidant enzymes and other stress-related gene products. Protandim works at the cellular level, and has been shown to trigger cells to naturally increase production of protective antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione synthase, while decreasing production of pro-inflammatory signals.

Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, Protandim is considered a "dietary supplement". LifeVantage products are not intended to treat, cure, prevent or mitigate any disease.

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LifeVantage Announces Protandim(R) Subject of New Peer-Reviewed Article

Judge rules DNA analysis of unconvicted juveniles illegal

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PHOENIX Analyzing the DNA samples of youngsters who have not been found guilty of any crime is an unconstitutional warrantless search, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled Wednesday.

In a unanimous decision, the justices said the state is free to force juveniles accused of certain serious offenses to provide a DNA sample. Justice Andrew Hurwitz, writing for the court, said that is little difference than fingerprints or mug shots.

But Hurwitz said that legal parallel ceases to exist once the state submits that sample for processing by the Department of Public Safety crime laboratory. He said that processing results in the state obtaining uniquely identifying information about individual genetics.''

What it also means, Hurwitz said, is that DNA profile is placed into both state and national databases so police agencies can use it to see if a youngster is linked to any unsolved crimes. The justices said that, absent a juvenile actually being adjudicated delinquent, there is no reason for the government to have that information.

Having a DNA profile before adjudication may conceivably speed such investigations,'' he wrote.

But one accused of a crime, although having diminished expectations of privacy in some respects, does not forfeit Fourth Amendment protections with respect to other offenses not charged absent either probable cause or reasonable suspicion,'' Hurwitz continued. An arrest for vehicular homicide, for example, cannot alone justify a warrantless search of an arrestee's financial records to see if he is also an embezzler.''

Wednesday's ruling could have broader implications.

Christina Phillis, director of Maricopa County's Office of Public Advocate, noted that other Arizona laws require similar testing of DNA samples taken from adults at the time of arrest. To date, though, Phillis said no adult who has not yet been convicted has mounted a similar challenge to this one.

This case and the logic behind it espoused by Hurwitz could provide the framework for the court to consider the issue.

Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery, whose office had defended the DNA testing, said in a prepared statement he was pleased the court will allow samples to still be taken. But he disagreed with the conclusion that actually processing the sample amounted to any sort of invasion of privacy.

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Judge rules DNA analysis of unconvicted juveniles illegal

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AZ high court limits analysis of juvenile defendants' DNA

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Analyzing the DNA samples of juveniles who have not been found guilty of any crime is an unconstitutional warrantless search, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled Wednesday.

In a unanimous decision, the justices said the state may force juveniles accused of certain serious offenses to provide a DNA sample. Justice Andrew Hurwitz, writing for the court, said that is little different than fingerprints or mug shots.

But Hurwitz said that legal parallel ceases to exist once the state submits that sample for processing by the Department of Public Safety crime laboratory.

He said that by doing the lab processing, the state obtains "uniquely identifying information about individual genetics."

What it also means, Hurwitz said, is that DNA profile is placed into both state and national databases so police agencies can use it to see if a youth is linked to any unsolved crimes. The justices said that, absent a juvenile actually being found delinquent of a crime, there is no reason for the government to have that information.

"Having a DNA profile before adjudication may conceivably speed such investigations," he wrote.

"But one accused of a crime, although having diminished expectations of privacy in some respects, does not forfeit Fourth Amendment protections with respect to other offenses not charged absent either probable cause or reasonable suspicion," Hurwitz continued. "An arrest for vehicular homicide, for example, cannot alone justify a warrantless search of an arrestee's financial records to see if he is also an embezzler."

The ruling could have broader implications.

Christina Phillis, director of Maricopa County's Office of Public Advocate, noted that other Arizona laws require similar testing of DNA samples taken from adults at the time of arrest. To date, though, Phillis said no adult who has not yet been convicted has mounted a similar challenge to this one. This case - and the logic espoused by Hurwitz - could provide the framework for the court to consider the issue.

Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery, whose office had defended the DNA testing, said he was pleased the court will allow samples to be taken. But he disagreed with the conclusion that processing the sample amounted to invasion of privacy.

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AZ high court limits analysis of juvenile defendants' DNA

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Wales records DNA of all native plants

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CARMARTHENSHIRE, Wales, June 27 (UPI) -- Wales says it has recorded the DNA of all its native flowering plants, which may help conservation and lead to new drugs to fight illnesses.

It is the first country in the world to create such a database, the National Botanic Garden of Wales said.

Wales has about 75 percent of the flowering plants found in Britain, and the database contains 1,143 plants and conifers, officials said.

The Barcode Wales project has been led by Natasha de Vere, head of conservation and research from the National Botanic Garden in Carmarthenshire, the BBC reported Wednesday.

Barcodes are short DNA sequences allowing plants to be identified from pollen grains, seed pieces, or roots and wood.

"Wales is now in the unique position of being able to identify plant species from materials which in the past would have been incredibly difficult or impossible," de Vere said.

"Through the Barcode Wales project, we have created a powerful platform for a broad range of research from biodiversity conservation to human health."

In the next phase of a three-year project, non-native plants introduced by humans will have their DNA recorded, officials said.

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Wales records DNA of all native plants

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