Public release date: 19-Sep-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Prof. Mehrdad Hajibabaei Biodiversity Institute of Ontario mhajibab@uoguelph.ca 519-824-4120 x52487 University of Guelph

DNA barcoding developed by University of Guelph researchers has proven up to 88 per cent effective in authenticating natural health products, according to a new U of G study.

The study appears in the latest issue of Food Research International.

It's a crucial finding because the health product industry is under-regulated worldwide and mislabelling poses economic, health, legal and environmental implications, says study author Mehrdad Hajibabaei.

"Currently there is no other broadly applicable tool that can identify the species used in both animal and plant natural health products as rapidly and cost-effectively," said Hajibabaei, a U of G integrative biology professor and director of technology development for the Guelph-based Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO).

Up to about 80 per cent of people in developed countries use natural health products, including vitamins, minerals and herbal remedies. In Canada, these products have been regulated since 2004. But regulators face a backlog of licence applications, and thousands of products on the market lack a full product licence. In the U.S. and the U.K., regulatory problems involving natural health products have affected consistency and safety.

Authenticating natural product capsules or tablets -- containing dried fragments rather than whole specimens -- poses challenges.

DNA barcoding allows scientists to use short standardized regions of genetic material to identify species and compare them to reference genetic sequences, said Hajibabaei.

The technique works for all life stages and even for fragments of organisms, allowing scientists to ID even dried contents of a small pill.

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Study: DNA barcoding can ID natural health products

DNA technology should dramatically cut the number of thefts from schools after being rolled out in Kapiti by Police Minister Anne Tolley.

SelectaDNA, an invisible liquid with a unique sequence of DNA including 60 chromosomes in every bottle, can be applied to laptops, musical instruments, trophies, or any other items at risk of being stolen from schools.

Police can identify the owner of a recovered item through a DNA test, or by looking at a microdot under a microscope.

At the Wellington region launch at Kapiti College, Mrs Tolley said schools were a traditional target of crime.

"As schools use technology more and more on a daily basis . . . these items are very saleable, so they have become a target. It's absolutely heartbreaking when these no-goods come in and steal it. All of that creates an enormous range of victims."

SelectaDNA director David Morrissey said the liquid had first been used in South Auckland, and had helped reduce crime there by about 60 per cent, which he described as "quite phenomenal".

It was also noticed during the trial that no crime, including tagging, had occurred at either of the three schools taking part.

Now 1600 schools have been given SelectaDNA, and 244 more schools in the Wellington region are being given deterrent kits this week.

By the end of the year, every school in the North Island will have a kit, and all South Island schools should have received one by term three of next year.

Early figures show crime decreasing by about 40 per cent at schools with SelectaDNA.

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DNA tagging used to fight theft

State evidence released today in the George Zimmerman second-degree murder case shows new details from a state crime lab that found Zimmerman's DNA on Trayvon Martin, the teenager he shot to death, and Trayvon's DNA on him.

But the gun that Zimmerman used to kill Trayvon that night a gun that Zimmerman told police the teenager had reached for - revealed no evidence that Trayvon touched it.

State scientists checked several parts of the 9 mm handgun: its grip, trigger, slide and holster. They found Zimmerman's DNA and that belonging to other unidentifiable people but none that matched Trayvon, records show.

The gun evidence is important because Zimmerman told Sanford police he opened fire only after the 17-year-old pinned him to the ground and reached for the gun he wore holstered on his waist.

In a re-enactment for Sanford police the next day, Zimmerman did not say or show that the two had struggled over the gun, only that Trayvon had extended his hand toward it.

The 28-year-old Zimmerman killed Trayvon, a Miami Gardens high school junior, Feb. 26 in Sanford.

Zimmerman says he acted in self-defense. Prosecutors say Zimmerman, a Neighborhood Watch volunteer, spotted the black teenager, profiled him, assumed he was about to commit a crime, began following him then murdered him.

Prosecutors today released to the public several hundred pages of evidence. It included no bombshells.

The DNA evidence was among the most compelling because it confirmed that Zimmerman and Trayvon had been in extremely close contact.

Several neighbors reported seeing one on top of the other in a fight that left one of them screaming, Zimmerman with a broken nose and small gashes to his head and Trayvon dead from a gunshot wound to the heart.

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New George Zimmerman evidence: Details on Trayvon's DNA on Zimmerman and vice versa

Only DNA from George Zimmerman was found on the grip of the gun that was used in the fatal shooting of unarmed teenager Trayvon Martin, according to DNA test results released Wednesday.

The test results were in the latest batch of discovery material released by officials in the notorious murder case, which has become a national flashpoint in race relations and gun laws. Zimmerman, 28, is free on bail awaiting trial on charges of second-degree murder in the killing of Martin, an African American teenager, who was shot to death in a confrontation at a gated community in Sanford, Fla., on Feb. 26.

The tests on the gun and the holster were performed by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. They found Zimmermans DNA on the gun but could not find any of Martin's. No determination could be made as to whether Martin's DNA was on the holster.

PHOTOS: Tense moments from Trayvon Martin case

Zimmerman has acknowledged shooting Martin, but insists he acted in self-defense in the wake of a confrontation that left him injured.

The DNA findings could play a role in the trial, allowing the prosecution to argue against self-defense since it now seems that Martin never touched the weapon. The defense could counter that Zimmerman shot before Martin could get to the gun.

Zimmerman was not arrested the night of the shooting. After weeks of protests about that fact, a special prosecutor charged Zimmerman, a neighborhood watch volunteer, with second-degree murder.

Among other material released Wednesday was an interview with a clerk of the convenience store where Martin had gone to buy a package of Skittles and a can of iced tea. Martin was returning from the store when the confrontation with Zimmerman took place. The unidentified clerk told authorities he had no recollection of serving Martin.

To be honest, I don't even remember that day, he said.

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George Zimmerman's DNA, not Trayvon Martin's, found on gun

George Zimmerman claims self defense in the killing of Trayvon Martin. But there's no DNA evidence that Trayvon Martin ever touched George Zimmerman's gun.

Forensic tests made public Wednesday show that George Zimmerman's was the only DNA that could be identified on the grip of the gun used to fatally shoot 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.

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The results rule out Martin's DNA from being on the gun's grip. Zimmerman's DNA also was identified on the gun's holster, but no determination could be made as to whether Martin's DNA was on the gun's holster, according to the report from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement.

Zimmerman is charged with second-degree murder for fatally shooting Martin during a confrontation in a gated community in Sanford in February. Zimmerman is pleading not guilty, claiming self-defense.

A delay in Zimmerman's arrest led to nationwide protests.

RECOMMENDED: How 5 black men view the Trayvon Martin case

The question of whose DNA is on the gun and holster could play a role in Zimmerman's defense.

Zimmerman says Martin had been on top of him, slamming his head against the ground and smothering his mouth and nose with his hand and arm when he grabbed his gun from a holster on his waist before Martin could get it. He shot the teenager once in the chest.

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George Zimmerman: No DNA evidence of a struggle for his gun

SAN FRANCISCO -- A California law that allows law enforcement to collect DNA samples from anyone arrested for a felony appears to be on shaky legal ground.

During an hour of arguments Wednesday, an 11-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals was largely skeptical of the state's argument that government's public safety interest in collecting DNA from arrestees outweighs constitutional protections against unreasonable searches.

The majority of the judges expressed particular concern that the DNA is taken from people regardless of whether they are later charged or convicted of a crime. The arguments were the latest round in an American Civil Liberties Union challenge to the nine-year-old DNA collection law.

9th Circuit Judge N. Randy Smith grilled a deputy attorney general, insisting there is no reason California's law should permit DNA collection at the point of arrest.

"I don't see what the government loses by putting it off until conviction, or until a judge looks at it ... or at least the prosecutor looks at it, rather than just the police look at it," said Smith, a Republican appointee of former President George W. Bush.

9th Circuit Judge Raymond Fisher also expressed reservations about the government seizing a person's genetic map at the point of arrest. The ACLU case was filed on behalf of several people who were arrested and never charged with a crime, yet were forced to provide DNA samples.

"Now if I'm

The California legal battle over DNA collection is one of many unfolding around the country, with the U.S. Supreme Court poised to take up the issue as soon as this fall in a similar Maryland case.

California is one of more than 20 states with such laws, although the state's voter-approved law is broader than some, including Maryland's, because it allows police to collect the DNA at the time of arrest.

California law enforcement officials argue that the law's usefulness in solving murders, rapes and other crimes through DNA hits outweighs the privacy rights of those who give the DNA samples. Powell told the court on Wednesday that the tool serves "vital public safety and law enforcement interests."

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DNA sampling of arrestees draws skepticism in federal court hearing

ScienceDaily (Sep. 18, 2012) Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA positivity alone, particularly when assessed using polymerase chain reaction methods, is a poor biomarker for HPV-driven head and neck cancers, according to two studies published in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. These studies identified alternative potential markers including viral load, viral gene expression and the evaluation of HPV DNA in combination with certain HPV assays.

Prior research has established that HPV is a cause of some head and neck cancers, including oropharyngeal cancer, and that patients with HPV-associated disease tend to have a better clinical outcome. Consequently, the proper assessment of the clinical status of individual tumors has become a goal of clinicians treating this disease because HPV at the tumor site does not indicate causal involvement in the cancer.

In the first study, Dana Holzinger, Ph.D., of the division of genome modifications and carcinogenesis at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany, and colleagues analyzed the potential of direct and indirect HPV markers to identify patients with HPV-driven tumors.

They analyzed 199 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma specimens for HPV DNA, viral load, RNA expression patterns seen in cervical carcinomas and the p16 protein, which is associated with tumor suppression.

Results indicated that the cervical cancer RNA expression pattern and viral load were associated with the lowest risk for death from oropharyngeal cancer. In contrast, a weaker association was found for samples that were HPV DNA-positive or that expressed the p16 protein.

"We showed that high viral load and a cancer-specific pattern of viral gene expression are most suited to identify patients with HPV-driven tumors among patients with oropharyngeal cancer," Holzinger said. "Viral expression pattern is a completely new marker in this field and viral load has hardly been analyzed before."

In a second study, researchers evaluated several biomarkers individually and in combination for overall survival among head and neck cancers including polymerase chain reaction-based and serological HPV DNA testing, and p16 immunohistochemistry.

They found that the expression of two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, was associated with improved survival in oropharyngeal disease. In addition, HPV DNA positivity or p16 expression combined with E6 and E7 expression were also associated with enhanced survival. However, neither HPV DNA positivity nor expression of p16 alone yielded a similar result.

"Assessment of HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction methods as a biomarker in individual head and neck cancers is a poor predictor of outcome and is also poorly associated with antibody response indicative of exposure and/or infection by HPV," said study author Karl T. Kelsey, M.D., professor in the department of epidemiology and the department of pathology and laboratory medicine at Brown University in Providence, R.I. "We may not be diagnosing these tumors as accurately and precisely as we need to for adjusting treatments."

The next step in this research is further validating the findings of these two studies using head-to-head comparisons and developing assays for direct clinical application of the markers.

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Assessment of HPV DNA Alone Insufficient to Identify HPV-Driven Head and Neck Cancers

18 September 2012 Last updated at 09:26 ET

A double rapist caught by chance years later through a DNA sample has been jailed for seven-and-a-half years.

Peter Hendry, 41, from Springburn in Glasgow, attacked the two women, who were working as prostitutes, in Rutherglen in 2004 and 2007.

He avoided capture until a former partner accused him of domestic abuse in 2011. DNA samples were taken which matched with both attacks.

Hendry, who denied the charges, was found guilty on a unanimous verdict.

Solicitor advocate Murray Macara QC, who represented the fork-lift truck driver, told the court that his client had "constantly and consistently maintained that he did not rape these two women".

Both women had told how Hendry picked them up and drove them to a deserted industrial estate.

A 33-year-old woman told the trial that he took her there in September 2004, pinned her down and raped her, before leaving her "like a bit of trash".

The woman reported the incident to police, but Hendry remained at large.

He carried out a similar attack on a 29-year-old woman in July 2007.

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Rapist caught by DNA test jailed

It's been the FBI's dream for years -- to do near-instant DNA analysis using mobile equipment in the field -- and now "Rapid DNA" gear is finally here.

The idea is that you simply drop into the system a cotton swab with a person's saliva, for example, and the "Rapid DNA" machine spits out the type of DNA data that's needed to pin down identity. Now that such equipment exists, the FBI is pushing to get it into the hands of law enforcement agencies as soon as possible. [Also see: "FBI building system that blows away fingerprinting"]

"DNA has emerged as the gold standard in forensics analysis," Steven Martinez, executive assistant director of the science and technology branch at the FBI, said in his keynote address to attendees of the Biometric Consortium Conference in Tampa on Tuesday.

RELATED: Biometrics scares people

Though the genetic information contained in an individual's DNA, which is in all human cells, has been used since the late 1980s to solve crime cases, analysis of DNA has remained frustratingly slow because DNA had to be sent to special labs to be analyzed. New "Rapid DNA" devices are now ready to be evaluated and the FBI has received two basic types.

One is called the RapidHIT, which is made by IntegenX, a Pleasanton, Calif.-based company whose CEO Stevan Jovanovich was in the exhibit hall to explain how the Rapid DNA device can spit out an individual's DNA data within 90 minutes.

Another company, NetBio, is also believed to have delivered its Rapid DNA-type equipment to the FBI, Jovanovich says, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is expected to play an important role in helping certify systems and processes for how these boxes will be used by the FBI and local police stations to collect DNA data on suspects.

Jovanovich notes that the networked IntegenX RapidHIT box, which is based on a hardened version of Windows and measures about 27-by-24-by-16 inches, costs about $245,000. RapidHIT boxes are already in use with intelligence agencies, says Jovanovich, who adds he's not at liberty to say which ones or what they're doing with them.

The FBI, which is believed to have upwards of 10 million DNA records on individuals already stored in databases, anticipates a significant expansion of DNA collection by means of Rapid DNA equipment.

The FBI has been known for pioneering a massive collection of fingerprint images and an online matching system that can be accessed remotely to help local law enforcement, as well as the Department of Defense and other law-enforcement agencies, nail down the identities of criminals and terrorists. Today, Dr. Alice Isenberg, chief of the biometrics analysis section at the FBI laboratory, explained in her presentation how the FBI hopes to expand the national DNA database used to investigate crime for DNA matches online as well.

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FBI eager to embrace mobile 'Rapid DNA' testing

Anyone arrested for a felony offense and all adults convicted of misdemeanor crimes would be required to provide a DNA sample to law enforcement under a proposal from the state Department of Justice.

Adults arrested for certain misdemeanor crimes such as fourth-degree sexual assault and prostitution also would need to provide DNA samples, which would be entered into a national database used to match DNA evidence collected at crime scenes to suspects.

Currently, state law allows DNA to be collected only from adults and juveniles convicted of felonies, with about 12,000 samples obtained each year.

Brian O'Keefe, administrator for the DOJ's Division of Law Enforcement Services, said the expected addition of about 68,000 DNA samples a year at least initially under the proposed expansion would help law enforcement solve more cases more quickly and get criminals off the street.

The number of new samples would eventually drop, he said, because DNA profiles of those reoffending would not have to be added to the system.

But Chris Ahmuty of the ACLU of Wisconsin said, "It seems like they've gone for the nuclear option when it comes to DNA on arrest."

Casting such a wide net raises concerns about cost, management and privacy and "turns the presumption of innocence on its head," Ahmuty said. He added that the DOJ proposal is more encompassing and costly than previous legislative proposals.

O'Keefe said the proposed expansion of DNA collection would begin in October 2014 and cost about $7 million in its first two years.

To cover those costs including the addition of 26 full-time positions DOJ is asking that everyone convicted of a felony be required to pay a $250 surcharge and that everyone convicted of a misdemeanor pay a $150 surcharge.

Currently, a DNA surcharge for people convicted of felonies is often waived by a judge.

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Proposal would expand DNA collection to more than just convicted felons

STONY BROOK, NY--(Marketwire - Sep 18, 2012) - Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. ( OTCBB : APDN ), (Twitter: @APDN), a provider of DNA-based anti-counterfeiting technology and product authentication solutions, announced today that it has entered into a Development Agreement with Inventionland Corporation.The two companies will collaborate on the development of innovative loss-prevention products, based upon APDN's botanical DNA-marking platform. Inventionland will participate in product development with APDN and take the resultant new products and applications to its customers.

The agreement between APDN and Inventionland follows closely the launch by APDN of smartDNA, a system designed to mark offenders and to prevent theft. The system has been deployed internationally to protect banks, retailers, jewelers and pharmacies. APDN also launched its digitalDNA platform this year that combines DNA-based security with secure-cloud technology, mobile computing and authentication on-the-fly.

Inventionland Corporation (www.Inventionland.com) is America's largest invention factory.Over 1,000 different retailers and on-line stores have sold its innovations.Inventionland builds 2,000-2,400 new product samples for corporations and retailers to review for their shelves each year.With some retailers facing large asset loss from their stores, Inventionland was asked to invent new products to help eliminate loss in a more innovative and effective manner.Inventionland's founder, George Davison, is an APDN stockholder.After Mr. Davison contacted APDN, both organizations began collaborating to offer a retailer solution that would help eliminate asset loss.

Mr. Davison, renowned for his novel approaches to product development, and himself the subject of a profile on the U.S. cable TV channel History (formerly The History Channel), stated: "I was a long-standing fan of Applied DNA Sciences' novel technology and enormous breadth of application, as well as Dr. Hayward's already-validated approach to managing biotechnology development.Inventionland is now pleased to be able to take this platform to our market-leading retailers."

Dr. Hayward commented: "Biotech companies can benefit from Inventionland's innovative approach and unmatchable speed-to-market. We are thrilled to partner with Inventionland on some very original and unique applications for DNA marking."

About Applied DNA Sciences

APDN is a provider of botanical-DNA based security and authentication solutions that can help protect products, brands and intellectual property of companies, governments and consumers from theft, counterfeiting, fraud and diversion. SigNature DNA and smartDNA, our principal anti-counterfeiting and product authentication solutions that essentially cannot be copied, provide a forensic chain of evidence and can be used to prosecute perpetrators.

The statements made by APDN may be forward-looking in nature.Forward-looking statements describe APDN's future plans, projections, strategies and expectations, and are based on assumptions and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of APDN. Actual results could differ materially from those projected due to our short operating history, limited financial resources, limited market acceptance, market competition and various other factors detailed from time to time in APDN's SEC reports and filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on December 8, 2011 and our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.APDN undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, events or circumstances after the date hereof to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

About Inventionland Inventionland (http://www.inventionland.com) is America's largest invention factory, Inventionland, turns out 2,000-2,400 new inventions each year. Employees at Inventionland work in 16 unique themed sets, such as a shipwrecked pirate ship, a faux cave, a giant robot and a castle complete with turrets and drawbridge. The inspiring setting includes three running waterfalls, life-like trees and butterflies and chirping birds. In the rear of Inventionland is a red carpet that leads to a state-of-the art audio, video, and animation studio complete with sound room and one of the largest green screens in the tri-state area. Metalworking, woodworking, molding, laser cutting, prototyping, circuit board construction, and more take place in a state-of-the-art product sample construction facility. Hundreds of new ideas come to life every month at Inventionland, where Davison's award-winning team sets an example of America's can-do spirit and ingenuity.

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Applied DNA Sciences Contracts With Inventionland