Do dogs possess a poop compass? (And other weird science questions)

Cosmic Log

Alan Boyle, Science Editor NBC News

18 hours ago

Jenny Ricken / Univ. of Duisberg-Essen via AFP - Getty Images

One of the dogs participating in a study of the canine "inner compass" does its business in Mlheim an der Ruhr (City on the River) in Germany. Researchers found that dogs seem to prefer to align themselves with magnetic field lines when they defecate.

Does an internal compass dictate how dogs line up when they defecate? How do you figure that out? And why would you want to?

Such are the questions you get into when addressing the weirdest subjects of scientific research.

"If something's not familiar to you, it's going to seem weird. But a big part of a scientist's job is to study and make sense of what's not familiar. They focus your attention on it, and you think, 'Whoa, that's really interesting!' At that moment, 'weird' and 'interesting' are exactly the same thing," said Marc Abrahams, who collects weird science as the editor of the Annals of Improbable Research and the impresario behind the annual Ig Nobel Prizes.

Abrahams is due to discuss the philosophy behind science that makes you laugh, and then makes you think, during Fridays edition of "Virtually Speaking Science." The hourlong talk show, hosted by yours truly, airs at 8 p.m. ET Friday on BlogTalkRadio and in the Second Life virtual world.

This show celebrates the Ig Nobels and our own Weird Science Awards, plus the latest in offbeat research such as that study on doo-doo directionality. The paper, published online in a peer-reviewed journal titled Frontiers in Zoology, was featured this week on Abrahams' website, Improbable.com. It could end up as a future Ig Nobel and Weirdie winner.

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Do dogs possess a poop compass? (And other weird science questions)

Nanotechnology in Medicine – UnderstandingNano

Nanotechnology in medicine (sometimes referred to as nanomedicine)involves techniques already being used or currently under development, as well as longer range research into the use of manufactured nano-robots to make repairs at the cellular level .

Nanomedicine could revolutionize the way we detect and treat damage to the human body and disease.

Companies are developing customized nanoparticles that can deliver drugs directly to diseased cells. When perfected, this method should help avoid the damage treatments such as chemotherapy currently inflict on healthy cells. Other research includes supplying insulin without daily injections; curing viruses; delivering drugs directly to arterial stents to prevent blockage from reocurring; delivering drugs directly to arterial plaque; and even repairing damaged heart tissue.

Read more about Nanotechnology in Medical Drug Delivery

Researchers are developing nanomedicine therapy techniques to deliver treatments such as heat directly to diseased cells, minimizing the damage to healthy tissue that occurs when using radiation therapy or surgery. With targeted heat treatment nanoparticles are attracted by diseased cells and transform infared light into localized heat that destroys the targeted cells. Another method being developed generates sound waves that are powerful and tightly focused for noninvasive surgery. Other researchers are using nanofibers to stimulate the production of cartilage in damaged joints.

Read more about Nanotechnology in Medical Therapy Techniques

Nanotechnology-based diagnosis techniques under development may provide two major advantages:

Read more about Nanotechnology in Medical Diagnostic Techniques

Resercher are attempting to use nanotechnology-based techniques to develop new methods for fighting bacterial infections. Nanoparticles can help fight Staph infections, burns, and other conditions eradicating or avoiding bacterial infection. It's possible that these nano-techniques could remove bacterial infection in minutes, rather than in weeks as is currently the case with antiobiotics.

Read more about Nanotechnology Medical Anti-Microbial Techniques

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Agnosticism – RationalWiki

We cannot know with certainty if God or Christ exists. They COULD. Then again, there COULD be a giant reptilian bird in charge of everything. Can we be CERTAIN there isn't? No, so it's pointless to talk about.

I do not consider it an insult, but rather a compliment to be called an agnostic. I do not pretend to know where many ignorant men are sure that is all that agnosticism means.

Agnosticism is the position that the existence and nature of a god or gods are unknown or unknowable. Agnostics are often looked upon as wishy-washy fence sitters by both atheists and theists; however, most agnostics feel that it's intellectually indefensible to make a strong assertion one way or another. There is a frequent conflation between the idea of atheism ("there is no God") and agnosticism ("we don't know if there's a God") because the former might accurately express what one believes and how they live, while the latter would express their intellectual opinion if pressed.

The term was coined by English biologist T.H. Huxley in 1869, although the concept was expressed far earlier than that, going back to the Greeks around 450 BCE and even earlier mentions in the Hindu Vedas, written between 1700 and 1100 BCE. In modern times, the word agnosticism is used exclusively.

In theory, agnosticism is compatible with all but the most dogmatic of religious faiths, but in practice most agnostics are perceived as godless. Agnostics believe that while there is insufficient evidence to prove that there is a god, believing that there is not a god also requires a leap of faith (similar to any religious conviction) that lacks sufficient evidence. Simply put, agnosticism merely asserts that we lack the knowledge to determine whether or not God exists - in a sense, it differs from more explicit atheism by being a position based on a lack of knowledge, rather than a lack of belief. True agnostics would actually not fit on a hypothetical scale between theism and atheism as they would say the argument is unanswerable and could result in anything, almost like Schrdinger's cat but where the box can never be opened.

Most agnostics, however, can additionally be categorised depending on how their beliefs work out in practice, whether they're more atheistic or theistic. Agnostics may live and act as if there is no God and that no religion is correct, but shy away from the title "atheist" because of the expression of certainty implied. On the other hand, someone may consider themselves spiritual but not religious, or perhaps even nominally follow a religion, but identify as an agnostic in order to convey an honest doubt about the reality of it all.

Agnostic atheism holds that insufficient evidence exists to prove a god but also that logic is insufficient in overcoming the unknowability of the existence of a god. Agnostic atheists lean towards atheism as a sound null hypothesis, particularly in practice, but acknowledge that they could be wrong. The difference between atheism and agnostic atheism is subtle and may not be always be discernible, though agnostic atheists are generally more tolerant of the religious than more convinced atheists.

The distinction between agnostic atheism and atheism is further blurred if athiests are pressed for specifics about their beliefs. Okay, fine... lack of beliefs. It's clear that most, if not all, atheists are in fact agnostic atheists as rational-thinking people would certainly stop being atheists if they encounter evidence of God's existence that was sufficient for them. There is a prevalence of fundamentalist theists, but it is far rarer, if not impossible, to find fundamentalist atheists who would stick to their beliefs in the face of sufficient evidence.[1] Thus, if accepting the belief "there probably is no God; I'll act as if there's no God, but will change my mind if necessary" it's really just a matter of personal preference whether to identify as an "agnostic atheist" or just plain simple "atheist."

There is also agnostic theism, which maintains a belief in god, but acknowledges uncertainty regarding the characteristics of that god. Some theist agnostics are also Deist, believing that God created the universe but is irrelevant to the workings of it (essentially, they assert that we may or may not know whether God exists but it matters not anyway because of God's role to play, or lack thereof, in universal affairs). Believing agnostics often identify themselves as fideists, a term coined by Martin Gardner (a theist himself) for people who choose to believe in God because it comforts them and not for intellectual reasons.

Like pretty much every other philosophical definition ever invented, agnosticism has also been split into so-called "weak" and "strong" positions.

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Agnosticism - RationalWiki

Stem cell therapy breakthrough

Human embryonic stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types, making them a valuable source of transplantable tissue for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and diabetes.

But theres one major issue: Embryonic stem cells are often rejected by the human immune system.

Now, researchers from the University of California San Diego may have found an effective way to prevent this rejection in humans. Utilizing a novel humanized mouse model, the scientists have revealed a unique combination of immune suppressing molecules that stop the immune system from attacking the injected stem cells without shutting the system down completely.

This discovery could ultimately help resolve some of the major problems currently limiting the use of embryonic stem cells for certain conditions, paving the way for the development of more effective human stem cell therapies.

This is a generic way of immune suppression, so it could potentially be applied not just for stem cells therapies, but for organ transplants as well, Yang Xu, a professor of biology at UC San Diego and lead author of the study, told FoxNews.com. It can be very broad.

Embryonic stem cells are different from the other cells in a patients body, making them allogenic. This means the immune system will recognize them as foreign agents and attack them.

One way of overcoming this rejection problem is to give patients immunosuppressant drugs, which suppress the entire immune system. While short term use of immunosuppressants has been successful for many organ transplants, embryonic stem cell therapies for chronic diseases require long term use of these drugs which can often be very toxic and increase the risk of cancer.

In order for the patient to really use this therapy, they have to decide: Do they want a lifelong use of immunosuppressant drugs, or are they willing to live with the symptoms of their disease, Xu said.

To figure out a way of bypassing this issue, researchers needed a relevant model that could closely mimic the human immune systems response to embryonic stem cell transplantation. To do this, they took immune deficient lab mice and grafted them with human fetal thymus tissues and hematopoietic stem cells derived from the fetal liver.

Essentially, this created a highly specialized mouse model with very robust T cells capable of effectively rejecting foreign embryonic stem cells just like human T cells.

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Stem cell therapy breakthrough

FEMA Search and Rescue Canine Receives Stem Cell Therapy So He Can Continue to Save Lives

Poway, CA (PRWEB) January 02, 2014

Phizer is a seven year old black lab belonging to Ohio Task Force 1 that recently had stem cell therapy by Vet-Stem, Inc. Phizer was brought to Cleveland Road Animal Hospital for a limp in his right hind. Dr. Chad Bailey recommended stem cell therapy. Both Vet-Stem and Cleveland Road Animal Hospital value the working dog and offered their services pro-bono in hopes that Phizers stem cell therapy would permit him to continue to provide search and rescue service.

Phizer is one of only five search and rescue canines owned by Ohio Task Force 1, one of 28 Task Forces across the US that make up the FEMA Urban Search and Rescue System. Phizer is trained to find living victims who may be trapped under collapsed buildings. He is unique because he is certified to work with more than one handler meaning that he can be used on more missions. If one of his handlers is not available the other may be. Phizer is trained to cover obstacles and treacherous terrain, climb metal ladders and investigate acres of terrain quickly and efficiently. These skills came in handy when Phizer was assigned to a mission recovering victims from hurricane Sandy.

Handlers Maureen May and Deana Hudgins noticed an intermittent limp in Phizers right rear leg when he first started moving, but got better with exercise. Although the limp was not preventing Phizer from his job, he was started on pain medicine, joint supplements and taken for exams to the local veterinarian. His radiology report showed signs consistent with mild degenerative joint disease in addition to another injury. Deana and Dr. Bailey started Phizer on injectable treatments, laser therapy, and discussed stem cells.

Since Phizers stem cell therapy used his own stem cells, a small portion of fat was collected and sent to Vet-Stems lab in California. Within 48 hrs the doses of stem cells were ready for injection by Dr. Bailey. Stem cells are regenerative cells that can differentiate into many tissue types and reduce pain and inflammation thus helping to restore range of motion and regenerate tendon, ligament and joint tissues (http://www.vet-stem.com/science). For Phizer this means that all of the issues identified in his exams may be helped with one therapy.

About Vet-Stem, Inc. Vet-Stem, Inc. was formed in 2002 to bring regenerative medicine to the veterinary profession. The privately held company is working to develop therapies in veterinary medicine that apply regenerative technologies while utilizing the natural healing properties inherent in all animals. As the first company in the United States to provide an adipose-derived stem cell service to veterinarians for their patients, Vet-Stem, Inc. pioneered the use of regenerative stem cells in veterinary medicine. The company holds exclusive licenses to over 50 patents including world-wide veterinary rights for use of adipose derived stem cells. In the last decade over 10,000 animals have been treated using Vet-Stem, Inc.s services, and Vet-Stem is actively investigating stem cell therapy for immune-mediated and inflammatory disease, as well as organ disease and failure. For more on Vet-Stem, Inc. and Veterinary Regenerative Medicine visit http://www.vet-stem.com or call 858-748-2004.

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FEMA Search and Rescue Canine Receives Stem Cell Therapy So He Can Continue to Save Lives

Hispanic women are less aware of weight and heart disease risk

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

2-Jan-2014

Contact: Vicki Cohn vcohn@liebertpub.com 914-740-2100 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, January 2, 2014Minority women tend to be less aware of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) they face by being overweight or obese. The results of a study that compared Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women based on their knowledge of heart disease risk factors and their perceptions of their own weight is published in Journal of Women's Health, a peer-reviewed publication from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Journal of Women's Health website at http://www.liebertpub.com/jwh.

Elsa-Grace Giardina, MD and coauthors, Columbia University Medical Center (New York, NY), report that although awareness of CVD and recognition that heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the U.S has increased, knowledge of these risk factors still remains low among minority women, making prevention efforts more difficult. The authors compared how women estimate their weight and view their risk of heart disease and present their findings in the article "Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge and Weight Perception Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women."

"Based on these findings, prevention strategies need to target CVD knowledge and awareness among overweight and obese Hispanic women," says Susan G. Kornstein, MD, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Women's Health, Executive Director of the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute for Women's Health, Richmond, VA, and President of the Academy of Women's Health.

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About the Journal

Journal of Women's Health, published monthly, is a core multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the diseases and conditions that hold greater risk for or are more prevalent among women, as well as diseases that present differently in women. The Journal covers the latest advances and clinical applications of new diagnostic procedures and therapeutic protocols for the prevention and management of women's healthcare issues. Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Journal of Women's Health website at http://www.liebertpub.com/jwh. Journal of Women's Health is the Official Journal of the Academy of Women's Health and the Society for Women's Health Research.

About the Academy

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Hispanic women are less aware of weight and heart disease risk

Youngevity International (YGYI) Announces Launch of Imortalium™ Into Global Direct Sales Channel

SAN DIEGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Youngevity International, Inc. (OTCQX: YGYI) (www.YGYI.com), a global direct marketer of nutritional and lifestyle products and also a vertically-integrated producer of gourmet coffees for the commercial, retail and direct sales channels, announces the launch of an advanced anti-aging supplement, Imortalium into our global direct sales channel.

Imortalium combines the most effective anti-aging nutrients in a cutting-edge, bi-layered and extended release tablet that nutritionally helps promote cellular longevity and telomere health to help slow the natural aging process. Imortalium contains synergizing antioxidant enzymes and essential nutrients that offer among the greatest telomere support.

In order to further advance the anti-aging qualities of Imortalium, it has been packaged in a unique, technologically advanced Miron violet glass bottle. The Miron violet glass works as a filter that blocks the complete spectrum of visible light with the exception of the violet wave length to protect the quality of the nutrients in each tablet.

William Andreoli, President of Youngevity International said, The global anti-aging product market is growing and expected to reach over $290 billion by 2015, which is fuelled by the aging population seeking anti-aging support in the form of nutritional supplementation. The importance of telomeres to health and ageing continues to grow. The discovery of telomeres and how they protect the ends of chromosomes against degradation had a major impact within the scientific community and a team of scientists were awarded a Noble Prize in Physiology of Medicine in 2009. Youngevity is dedicated to delivering solutions to help health-conscious people Live Younger, Longer and we believe Imortalium is a solution for healthy aging.

We received a very enthusiastic response from our global distributor and customer base during the launch of our new breakthrough anti-aging supplement, Imortalium, on December 31st, said Steve Wallach, Youngevitys Chief Executive Officer. We are very excited about the tremendous potential benefits and results of Imortalium to combat aging and believe we have a great opportunity to make a major impact in the growing multi-billion dollar anti-aging global product market. We filed a trademark for the name Imortalium through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in January 2013 and we anticipate the registration of the trademark early this year.

Our New Years Eve conference call was a huge success and a great way to start the year for our growing Company, said Dave Briskie, Chief Financial Officer of Youngevity International. We made other major announcements during the call, which included the introduction of our Youngevity 90 for Life mobile app to bring our sales platform into the mobile world of smartphones and tablets. We also introduced our multi-vitamin/mineral complex on-the-go Beyond Tangy Tangerine 2.0 Stick Packs and Beyond Hot Chocolate made from organic cacao beans. We will continue to accelerate our expansion into various international markets and expect this will be a major growth driver for the next several years.

For additional information regarding Youngevitys products, visit: http://www.YGYI.com

About Youngevity International Inc.

Youngevity International Inc., (OTCQX: YGYI) (www.YGYI.com ) is a fast-growing, innovative, multi-dimensional company that offers a wide range of consumer products and services, primarily through person-to-person selling relationships that comprise a "network of networks." The Company also is a vertically-integrated producer of the finest coffees for the commercial, retail and direct sales channels. The Company was formed after the merger of Youngevity Essential Life Sciences (www.youngevity.com) and Javalution Coffee Company in the summer of 2011. The company was formerly known as AL International, Inc. and changed its name to Youngevity International Inc. in July 2013.

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Youngevity International (YGYI) Announces Launch of Imortalium™ Into Global Direct Sales Channel

Want a good night's sleep in the new year? Quit smoking

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

2-Jan-2014

Contact: Cody Mooneyhan cmooneyhan@faseb.org 301-634-7104 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

As if cancer, heart disease and other diseases were not enough motivation to make quitting smoking your New Year's resolution, here's another wake-up call: New research published in the January 2014 issue of The FASEB Journal suggests that smoking disrupts the circadian clock function in both the lungs and the brain. Translation: Smoking ruins productive sleep, leading to cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, depression and anxiety.

"This study has found a common pathway whereby cigarette smoke impacts both pulmonary and neurophysiological function. Further, the results suggest the possible therapeutic value of targeting this pathway with compounds that could improve both lung and brain functions in smokers," said Irfan Rahman, Ph.D., a researcher involved in the work from the Department of Environmental Medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, N.Y. "We envisage that our findings will be the basis for future developments in the treatment of those patients who are suffering with tobacco smoke-mediated injuries and diseases.

Rahman and colleagues found that tobacco smoke affects clock gene expression rhythms in the lung by producing parallel inflammation and depressed levels of brain locomotor activity. Short- and long- term smoking decreased a molecule known as SIRTUIN1 (SIRT1, an anti-aging molecule) and this reduction altered the level of the clock protein (BMAL1) in both lung and brain tissues in mice. A similar reduction was seen in lung tissue from human smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They made this discovery using two groups of mice which were placed in smoking chambers for short-term and long-term tobacco inhalation. One of the groups was exposed to clean air only and the other was exposed to different numbers of cigarettes during the day. Researchers monitored their daily activity patterns and found that these mice were considerably less active following smoke exposure.

Scientists then used mice deficient in SIRT1 and found that tobacco smoke caused a dramatic decline in activity but this effect was attenuated in mice that over expressed this protein or were treated with a small pharmacological activator of the anti-aging protein. Further results suggest that the clock protein, BMAL1, was regulated by SIRT1, and the decrease in SIRT1 damaged BMAL1, resulting in a disturbance in the sleep cycle/molecular clock in mice and human smokers. However, this defect was restored by a small molecule activator of SIRT1.

"If you only stick to one New Year's resolution this year, make it quitting smoking," said Gerald Weissmann, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of The FASEB Journal. "Only Santa Claus has a list longer than that of the ailments caused or worsened by smoking. If you like having a good night's sleep, then that's just another reason to never smoke."

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Receive monthly highlights from The FASEB Journal by e-mail. Sign up at http://www.faseb.org/fjupdate.aspx. The FASEB Journal is published by the Federation of the American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB). It is among the most cited biology journals worldwide according to the Institute for Scientific Information and has been recognized by the Special Libraries Association as one of the top 100 most influential biomedical journals of the past century.

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Want a good night's sleep in the new year? Quit smoking

stem cell therapy treatment for beckers muscular dystrophy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india – Video


stem cell therapy treatment for beckers muscular dystrophy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india
[gujarati] improvement seen in just 5 days after stem cell therapy treatment for beckers muscular dystrophy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india. Stem Cell Thera...

By: Neurogen Brain and Spine Institute

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stem cell therapy treatment for beckers muscular dystrophy by dr alok sharma, mumbai, india - Video

Stem cell treatment hope for York Parkinson’s Disease sufferer

James DeLittle, 49, of Broadway West in Fulford, to travel to Kiev for stem cell treatment

11:27am Wednesday 1st January 2014 in News By Mike Laycock, Chief reporter

James DeLittle

A PARKINSONS Disease sufferer from York is to travel to Kiev for pioneering stem cell treatment, in a last-ditch bid to tackle his worsening condition.

James DeLittle, 49, hopes the two-day treatment in the Ukrainian capital will lessen his symptoms, which include poor balance, tremor, difficulties controlling his limbs and slurred speech.

Jamess mother, relatives and customers at three pubs in the York and Selby area have scraped together about 7,000 to pay for foetal stem cells to be injected into his stomach and arms.

His condition has worsened significantly in recent months, causing him to fall several times, suffering injuries including a broken nose, ribs and thumb joint.

James, of Broadway West in Fulford, said: As far as I know, Im the first person from the UK to go to the clinic and I would love to come back with an improvement in my condition to show all the other people with Parkinsons how they might benefit too.

The NHS doesnt support the treatment at this stage so weve had to raise the money.

More than 700 has been raised by bottles on the bars at the Huntsman at Drax, and the Plough Inn and the Bay Horse at Fulford.

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Stem cell treatment hope for York Parkinson's Disease sufferer

Polar Bear Plunge Physiology: What A Cold Water Dip On New Year’s Day Does To Your Body

Cold water swimming enthusiasts love the rush that comes with a near-freezing dip. Anda polar bear plunge does do lots of things to make you feel invigorated, says Christopher Tedeschi, an emergency physician at Columbia University Medical Center. But from your bodys perspective, a racing heart and gasping breath signal not so much excitement as self-preservation.

It doesnt even take near-freezing water to provoke a physiological response anything under 70 degrees Fahrenheit can be considered cold, according to Tedeschi. Hypothermia wont set in unless you plan on floating around for around an hour, but your body will still react very quickly to a sudden immersion.

What happens in the first one to two minutes is what we call the cold shock response, Tedeschi says. Your body reacts by getting very revved up.

The first and most immediate sign of this metabolic turbo-drive can be seen in the respiratory system. As soon as a person rushes or jumps into frigid water, he begins taking big gasps of breath. If a person cant get his breathing under control, he might start to hyperventilate within a minute or so.

In those first few minutes, your core body temperature wont change very much, but your surface temperature will start to drop. Your body reacts to this by constricting blood vessels near the skin. Constricting these blood vessels is a way for your body to try and conserve all the warmth that it can by bringing warm blood towards the heart and brain -- to do so, it has to cut down on the blood flowing at the periphery of your body. (You can see the opposite effect on summer days, when your blood vessels dilate, transferring heat from your core out towards the skin, dissipating heat and giving you a nice rosy flush.) This blood vessel constriction also affects your nerves, which might cause a pins-and-needles feeling or numbness.

This effect on nerves may also temporarily make it harder for you to make precise motions right after a freezing dip. Five minutes after being immersed in cold water, most people cant put a key in a lock, Tedeschi says.

While you might be tempted to prepare for a polar bear plunge by extending your New Years Eve drinking into the wee hours, you should probably resist the urge. Your body will thank you.

Being drunk for anything temperature-related is bad, Tedeschi says.

In addition to impairing a person's judgment, alcohol is whats called a vasodilator it opens up your blood vessels (hence people get flushed after having a few). So, the effects of being drunk are going to interfere with your body's efforts to constrict your blood vessels after you plunge into icy water. And while the feeling of vasoconstriction might be a bit painful, its a natural effort your bodys making to try and preserve your vital organs, even in the midst of your decidedly non-sober judgment. All in all, a drunk polar bear plunger might stay in longer than is healthier for him or her, and will probably lose heat faster.

So, being drunk is probably not the best condition to attempt a polar bear plunge. Being hungover probably isnt as bad, but a person recovering from a night of drinking will likely be dehydrated and metabolically not at their best, Tedeschi says.

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Polar Bear Plunge Physiology: What A Cold Water Dip On New Year's Day Does To Your Body