Researchers Identify New Genetic Building Blocks

Posted: Wednesday, May 28, 2014, 2:00 PM

WEDNESDAY, May 28, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- A team of international researchers has identified nearly 85 percent of proteins in the human body.

Proteins are the substances that provide structure, function and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Human genes contain instructions (encoding) that direct the production of proteins, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

In addition to finding the majority of the body's proteins, the researchers also identified 193 new proteins on the human genome. The proteins were found in areas of DNA that were believed to be "noncoding," or regions that do not encode proteins.

Finding proteins in areas with genes that weren't believed to code means the human genome could be more complex than previously believed, the researchers concluded.

"This was the most exciting part of this study, finding further complexities in the genome. The fact that 193 of the proteins came from DNA sequences predicted to be noncoding means that we don't fully understand how cells read DNA, because clearly those sequences do code for proteins," Dr. Akhilesh Pandey, a professor at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and of biological chemistry, pathology and oncology at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, said in a news release.

More than 10 years ago, researchers identified all of the nearly 25,000 genes in human DNA. Known as the Human Genome Project, the research provided scientists with genetic information that helped them figure out how changes in certain genes could trigger some diseases.

The current researchers set out to create an initial catalog of all the proteins in the human body, or the human "proteome." The team identified proteins originating from more than 17,000 genes, which is about 84 percent of all of the genes in the human genome predicted to encode proteins.

Cataloging human proteins and where they can be found in the body may provide scientists even more insight than a catalog of all the genes in the human genome, the researchers pointed out. They explained that the characteristics of an organism depend on its genes. These genes, however, provide directions for making proteins, which are the building blocks of all cells in the body.

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Researchers Identify New Genetic Building Blocks

UB spinoff Nanobiotix working to bring cancer treatment to market

Laurent Levy left UB in 1999 with a dream: transforming his recently completed postdoctoral research on nanomedicine into real-world products for patients battling cancer.

Today, the scientist-turned-entrepreneur is zeroing in on that goal.

In February, Levys drug development company, Nanobiotix, announced that a cancer treatment called NBTXR3, the first product from its NanoXray pipeline, had shown positive intermediate results in a pilot clinical trial on patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. These results allowed Nanobiotix to finalize and to announce its development plan for the launch of NBTXR3 on the market: With this first indication, advanced soft tissue sarcoma, NBTXR3 could be approved in Europe as early as 2016.

The news led to a jump in the companys stock price and new funding for research at UB.

Nanobiotix got its start in 2003 by licensing two technologies that Levy developed with colleagues at the university and Roswell Park Cancer Institute: magnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatment and diagnosis (NanoMag), and laser-activated nanoparticles for cancer treatment (NanoPDT).

UB received company stock as part of the licensing agreement, and sold the shares in February for $1.35 million. In accordance with university policy, the majority will return to UB, to be reinvested in research.

This is a real success story, says Vice Provost Robert Genco, who oversees the Office of Science, Technology Transfer and Economic Outreach (STOR). The office helps commercialize UB discoveries, in part by handling patent applications and licensing negotiations for technologies developed at the university.

Nanobiotix is an example of how UB is benefiting society: As a postdoctoral researcher here, Laurent saw the medical and commercial potential of the work he was doing and decided that he wanted to take it further, Genco says. Were a global university and were seeding companies not only in Western New York, but around the world.

At UB, Levy conducted postdoctoral research with SUNY Distinguished Professor Paras Prasad, executive director of the Institute of Laser, Photonics and Biophotonics (ILPB) at UB. Prasad is one of the worlds pre-eminent thinkers in nanomedicine, which uses super-small particles, materials and devices to treat and diagnose disease.

In the 1990s, when Levy was in Buffalo, the nanomedicine field was just emerging. He joined Prasads lab, where he developed the idea of using the unique properties of nanoparticles to kill cancer cells.

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UB spinoff Nanobiotix working to bring cancer treatment to market

Gender stereotypes keep women in the out-group

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

29-May-2014

Contact: Vicki Cohn vcohn@liebertpub.com 914-740-2100 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, May 29, 2014Women have accounted for half the students in U.S. medical schools for nearly two decades, but as professors, deans, and department chairs in medical schools their numbers still lag far behind those of men. Why long-held gender stereotypes are keeping women from achieving career advancement in academic medicine and what can be done to change the institutional culture are explored in an article in Journal of Women's Health, a peer-reviewed publication from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Journal of Women's Health website.

In "Stuck in the Out-Group: Jennifer Can't Grow Up, Jane's Invisible, and Janet's Over the Hill," Anna Kaatz, PhD, MPH and Molly Carnes, MD, MS, University of Wisconsin-Madison, present examples of three women at different stages of their careers to illustrate the ways in which gender stereotypes can influence people's judgment and negatively affect women in social interactions, causing them to be in the out-group and lose out on opportunities for professional advancement.

"Challenging cultural stereotypes about women and men is a critical step toward achieving gender equity in academic medicine," says Susan G. Kornstein, MD, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Women's Health, Executive Director of the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute for Women's Health, Richmond, VA, and President of the Academy of Women's Health.

###

About the Journal

Journal of Women's Health, published monthly, is a core multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the diseases and conditions that hold greater risk for or are more prevalent among women, as well as diseases that present differently in women. The Journal covers the latest advances and clinical applications of new diagnostic procedures and therapeutic protocols for the prevention and management of women's healthcare issues. Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Journal of Women's Health website. Journal of Women's Health is the official journal of the Academy of Women's Health and the Society for Women's Health Research.

About the Academy

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Gender stereotypes keep women in the out-group

House Science, Space, and Technology Committee Democrats Oppose FIRST Act

Today, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology completed the markup of H.R. 4186, Frontiers in Innovation, Research, Science, and Technology Act of 2014 (FIRST). Last week, the Committee began consideration of the FIRST Act. Roll call votes on amendments and on final passage were delayed until today.

Congress passed bipartisan Competes legislation in 2007 and 2010 which laid out bold policy directions for U.S. scientific research and innovation. The FIRST Act attempts to replace parts of the Competes legislation, but the bill has numerous problems that make it unacceptable for Committee Democrats. H.R. 4186 passed the Committee as amended on a party-line recorded vote.

Ms. Johnson said after the markup, "The America Competes Act is one of the crowning achievements of the Science Committee. It sought to ensure our commitment to maintaining our scientific and technological leadership now and long into the future. What we have done today with the FIRST Act not only fails to advance our science and innovation enterprise, it actually damages it. The Democratic Members of this Committee made every effort to improve this misguided and flawed piece of legislation and we were rebuffed at every turn. This is a sad day for this Committee."

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House Science, Space, and Technology Committee Democrats Oppose FIRST Act

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NBA 2k14 XB1 My Career | Coach Spo Has a Plan To Start Me | Chemistry Issues - Video