Author Archives: Ashlie Lopez

Op Ed: Quantum Computing, Crypto Agility and Future Readiness – Bitcoin Magazine

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Over the past few decades, we have seen almost unimaginable progress in computation speed and power. A watch today is a more powerful computer than the first Macintosh that my parents bought me in 1984 (I was very lucky). The weakest and lightest laptop today is more powerful than the computers that I programmed on during my undergraduate studies in university. Do you remember the days of computers with 64 kilobytes of RAM? Now we count in gigabytes and, soon, terabytes.

Yes, I know that Im old (but at least Im not reminiscing about punch cards and vacuum tubes), but thats not really the point. The point is to understand where all of these extremely fast advancements in computing power came from.

The answer is a combination of Moores law (stating that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every two years, although this has now slowed down), together with many architectural improvements and optimizations by chip manufacturers. Despite this, the basic way that our most powerful computers work today is the same as in the 1970s and 1980s. Thus, although improvements are fast and impressive, they are all in the same playing field.

Quantum computing is a completely different ball game. Quantum computers work in a radically different way and could solve problems that classical computers wont be able to solve for hundreds of years, even if Moores law continues. Stated differently, quantum computers dont follow the same rules of classical computing and are in a league of their own. This does not mean that quantum computers can solve all computationally hard problems. However, there are problems for which quantum computers are able to achieve extraordinary speedups.

Some of these problems are closely related to much of modern cryptography, and include the number factorization problem that lies at the core of the RSA cryptosystem, and the discrete log problem that lies at the core of Diffie-Hellman, ECDSA, EdDSA and other cryptosystems (as used in cryptocurrencies and blockchains).

The big question that still has not been answered, despite what you may have read, is whether or not such quantum computers will ever be built. I want to stress that this is still an if and not a when. The fact that small quantum computers have been built does not mean that quantum computers at the scale and accuracy needed to break cryptography will ever be built. The problems that need to be overcome are considerable. I am not saying that I dont think they will succeed; Im just saying that its not a certainty.

The next big question is: When will such a computer that is powerful enough to break RSA or ECDSA be built? Or maybe more relevant when do we have to start worrying about this possibility? I personally believe that this is many years away (I will say at least a decade, but I think it will be more like two decades at least).

Recently, Googles scientists hailed what they believe is the first demonstration of quantum supremacy. This was widely understood to mean that quantum computers are now already faster than classical ones. And if this is the case, then modern cryptography may be broken very soon, in contrast to the time span that I predicted above.

However, this claim by Googles scientists needs to be understood in context. Quantum supremacy is a technical term used by the academic community to mean when a quantum computer can do just one thing faster than a classical computer. However, this is really not what we think about when we hear supremacy, nor is it really relevant to cryptography and other application domains. In particular, what we are really interested in knowing is when quantum computers will be able to solve hard, important problems faster than classical computers, and when quantum computers will be able to break cryptography.

Whether or not quantum supremacy was even demonstrated is not absolutely clear (see IBMs response). However, in any case, this quantum computation has no effect whatsoever on cryptography, blockchains and cryptocurrencies.

So, what does this mean concretely for us as a community? First, we should rest assured that the cryptographic world is getting ready for any eventuality. In particular, we already have good candidates for post-quantum secure public-key encryption and digital signature schemes, and NIST is working on standardization now. As such, we will not be surprised and unprepared if post-quantum computers that threaten our cryptographic infrastructure become close to reality.

This does not, however, mean that our actual products and software in use are ready for the post-quantum era, and this is often a really hard problem. The solution to this problem is called crypto agility, and it relates to the ease (or lack thereof) with which cryptosystems can be replaced in existing deployed systems.

There are two main aspects to crypto agility. The first is how easily it is possible to change code so that one cryptosystem is replaced with another. The more the specific structure of the cryptosystem is relied upon in the code, the harder it will be to replace. The second is how to make this change while preserving backward compatibility and without introducing new vulnerabilities that can happen when new and old versions operate concurrently.

These are (security) software engineering considerations, and there is no general right answer. However, asking your software team what the cost would be to swap out their crypto is a really important first step.

The good thing about becoming more crypto-agile is that, even if the threat of quantum computing to cryptography never eventuates, it is still a good investment. Cryptosystems, key sizes, modes of operation and more change over time. This is a fact of life and will not change. Being more crypto-agile will enable you to respond faster to such changes and to be ahead of the market when new cryptography is introduced (whether it be for classic security systems or for cryptocurrencies and blockchains). That is always a good thing!

This is an op ed contribution by Professor Yehuda Lindell. Views expressed are his own and do not necessarily reflect those of Bitcoin Magazine or BTC Inc.

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Op Ed: Quantum Computing, Crypto Agility and Future Readiness - Bitcoin Magazine

Double eureka: Breakthroughs could lead to quantum ‘FM radio’ and the end of noise – The Next Web

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A team of scientists from the University of Chicago discovered a method by which quantum states can be integrated and controlled in everyday electronics. The teams breakthrough research resulted in the experimental creation of what theyre dubbing a quantum FM radio to transmit data over long distances. This feels like an eureka moment for quantum computing.

The teams work involves silicon carbide, a naturally occurring semiconductor used to make all sorts of electronics including light emitting diodes (LEDs) and circuit boards. Its also used in rocketry due to its ability to withstand high temperatures and in the production of sand paper presumably because its coarse. What were excited about is its potential as a conduit for controlling quantum states.

Todays quantum computers under the IBM/Google/MIT paradigm are giant, unwieldy things that absolutely wont fit on your desktop. They require lasers and sub-zero temperatures to function. You need a team of physicists standing by in an expensive laboratory just to get started. But the University of Chicago teams work may change all that.

They used good old fashioned electricity, something were pretty good at controlling, to initiate and direct quantum states in silicon carbide. That means they didnt need fancy lasers, a super cold environment, or any of that mainframe-sized stuff to produce quantum results. This wasnt the result of a single experiment, but in fact involved two significant breakthroughs.

The first, the ability to control quantum states in silicon carbide, has the potential to solve quantum computings exotic materials problem. Silicon carbide is plentiful and relatively easy to work with compared to the standard-fair physicists use which includes levitated atoms, laser-ready metals, and perfectly-flawed diamonds. This is cool, and could fundamentally change the direction most quantum computing research goes in 2020 and beyond. But its the second breakthrough that might be the most exciting.

According to a press release from the University of Chicago, the teams method solves quantum computings noise problem. Per Chris Anderson, a co-author on the teams paper:

Impurities are common in all semiconductor devices, and at the quantum level, these impurities can scramble the quantum information by creating a noisy electrical environment. This is a near-universal problem for quantum technologies.

Co-author Alexandre Bourassa added:

In our experiments we need to use lasers, which unfortunately jostle the electrons around. Its like a game of musical chairs with electrons; when the light goes out everything stops, but in a different configuration. The problem is that this random configuration of electrons affects our quantum state. But we found that applying electric fields removes the electrons from the system and makes it much more stable.

The work is still early, but it has incredible implications for the field of quantum computing. With a little tweaking, it appears that this silicon carbide-based method of wrangling quantum states could lead us to the unhackable quantum communications network sooner than many experts believed. According to the team, it would work with the existing fiber optic network that already transmits 90 percent of the worlds data.

On the outside, a quantum FM radio, that essentially sends data along frequency-modulated waves, could augment or replace existing wireless communication methods and bring about an entirely new class of technology. Were thinking something like Star Treks TriCorders, a gadget that records environmental data, processes it instantly, and uses quantum AI to analyze and interpret the results.

For more information read the Chicago teams research papers here and here.

H/t: Phys.Org

Read next: Buchardt S400 Review: Remarkable speakers near endgame material

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Double eureka: Breakthroughs could lead to quantum 'FM radio' and the end of noise - The Next Web

Security leaders fear that quantum computing developments will outpace security technologies – Continuity Central

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DetailsPublished: Wednesday, 11 December 2019 07:59

More than half (54 percent) of cyber security professionals have expressed concerns that quantum computing will outpace the development of security technologies, according to new research from the Neustar International Security Council (NISC). Keeping a watchful eye on developments, 74 percent of organizations said that they are paying close attention to the technologys evolution, with 21 percent already experimenting with their own quantum computing strategies.

A further 35 percent of experts claimed to be in the process of developing a quantum strategy, while just 16 percent said they were not yet thinking about it. This shift in focus comes as the vast majority (73 percent) of cyber security professionals expect advances in quantum computing to overcome legacy technologies, such as encryption, within the next five years. Almost all respondents (93 percent) believe the next-generation computers will overwhelm existing security technology, with just 7 percent under the impression that true quantum supremacy will never happen.

Despite expressing concerns that other technologies will be overshadowed, an overwhelming number (87 percent) of CISOs, CSOs, CTOs and security directors are excited about the potential positive impact of quantum computing. The remaining 13 percent were more cautious and under the impression that the technology would create more harm than good.

At the moment, we rely on encryption, which is possible to crack in theory, but impossible to crack in practice, precisely because it would take so long to do so, over timescales of trillions or even quadrillions of years, said Rodney Joffe, Chairman of NISC and Security CTO at Neustar. Without the protective shield of encryption, a quantum computer in the hands of a malicious actor could launch a cyber attack unlike anything weve ever seen.

For both todays major attacks, and also the small-scale, targeted threats that we are seeing more frequently, it is vital that IT professionals begin responding to quantum immediately. The security community has already launched a research effort into quantum-proof cryptography, but information professionals at every organization holding sensitive data should have quantum on their radar. Quantum computing's ability to solve our great scientific and technological challenges will also be its ability to disrupt everything we know about computer security. Ultimately, IT experts of every stripe will need to work to rebuild the algorithms, strategies, and systems that form our approach to cyber security, added Joffe.

http://www.nisc.neustar

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Security leaders fear that quantum computing developments will outpace security technologies - Continuity Central

Inside the weird, wild, and wondrous world of quantum video games – Digital Trends

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IBM Research

In 1950, a man named John Bennett, an Australian employee of the now-defunct British technology firm Ferranti, created what may be historys first gaming computer. It could play a game called Nim, a long-forgotten parlor game in which players take turns removing matches from several piles. The player who loses is the one who removes the last match. For his computerized version, Bennett created a vast machine 12 feet wide, 5 feet tall, and 9 feet deep. The majority of this space was taken up by light-up vacuum tubes which depicted the virtual matches.

Bennetts aim wasnt to create a game-playing machine for the sake of it; the reason that somebody might build a games PC today. As writer Tristan Donovan observed in Replay, his superlative 2010 history of video games: Despite suggesting Ferranti create a game-playing computer, Bennetts aim was not to entertain but to show off the ability of computers to do [math].

Jump forward almost 70 years and a physicist and computer scientist named Dr. James Robin Wootton is using games to demonstrate the capabilities of another new, and equally large, experimental computer. The computer in this question is a quantum computer, a dream of scientists since the 1980s, now finally becoming a scientific reality.

Quantum computers encode information as delicate correlations with an incredibly rich structure. This allows for potentially mind-boggling densities of information to be stored and manipulated. Unlike a classical computer, which encodes as a series of ones and zeroes, the bits (called qubits) in a quantum computer can be either a one, a zero, or both at the same time. These qubits are composed of subatomic particles, which conform to the rules of quantum rather than classical mechanics. They play by their own rules a little bit like Tom Cruises character Maverick from Top Gun if he spent less time buzzing the tower and more time demonstrating properties like superpositions and entanglement.

I met Wootton at IBMs research lab in Zurich on a rainy day in late November. Moments prior, I had squeezed into a small room with a gaggle of other excited onlookers, where we stood behind a rope and stared at one of IBMs quantum computers like people waiting to be allowed into an exclusive nightclub. I was reminded of the way that people, in John Bennetts day, talked about the technological priesthood surrounding computers: then enormous mainframes sequestered away in labyrinthine chambers, tended to by highly qualified people in white lab coats. Lacking the necessary seminary training, we quantum computer visitors could only bask in its ambience from a distance, listening in reverent silence to the weird vee-oing vee-oing vee-oing sound of its cooling system.

Wottons interest in quantum gaming came about from exactly this scenario. In 2016, he attended a quantum computing event at the same Swiss ski resort where, in 1925, Erwin Schrdinger had worked out his famous Schrdinger wave equation while on vacation with a girlfriend. If there is a ground zero for quantum computing, this was it. Wotton was part of a consortium, sponsored by the Swiss government, to do (and help spread the word about) quantum computing.

At that time quantum computing seemed like it was something that was very far away, he told Digital Trends. Companies and universities were working on it, but it was a topic of research, rather than something that anyone on the street was likely to get their hands on. We were talking about how to address this.

Wootton has been a gamer since the early 1990s. I won a Game Boy in a competition in a wrestling magazine, he said. It was a Slush Puppy competition where you had to come up with a new flavor. My Slush Puppy flavor was called something like Rollin Redcurrant. Im not sure if you had to use the adjective. Maybe thats what set me apart.

While perhaps not a straight path, Wootton knew how an interest in gaming could lead people to an interest in other aspects of technology. He suggested that making games using quantum computing might be a good way of raising public awareness of the technology.He applied for support and, for the next year, was given to my amazement the chance to go and build an educational computer game about quantum computing. At the time, a few people warned me that this was not going to be good for my career, he said. [They told me] I should be writing papers and getting grants; not making games.

But the idea was too tantalizing to pass up.

That same year, IBM launched its Quantum Experience, an online platform granting the general public (at least those with a background in linear algebra) access to IBMs prototype quantum processors via the cloud. Combined with Project Q, a quantum SDK capable of running jobs on IBMs devices, this took care of both the hardware and software component of Woottons project. What he needed now was a game. Woottons first attempt at creating a quantum game for the public was a version of the game Rock-Paper-Scissors, named Cat-Box-Scissors after the famous Schrdingers cat thought experiment. Wootton later dismissed it as [not] very good Little more than a random number generator with a story.

But others followed. There was Battleships, his crack at the first multiplayer game made with a quantum computer. There was Quantum Solitaire. There was a text-based dungeon crawler, modeled on 1973s Hunt the Wumpus, called Hunt the Quantpus. Then the messily titled, but significant, Battleships with partial NOT gates, which Wootton considers the first true quantum computer game, rather than just an experiment. And so on. As games, these dont exactly make Red Dead Redemption 2 look like yesterdays news. Theyre more like Atari 2600 or Commodore 64 games in their aesthetics and gameplay. Still, thats exactly what youd expect from the embryonic phases of a new computing architecture.

If youd like to try out a quantum game for yourself, youre best off starting with Hello Quantum, available for both iOS and Android. It reimagines the principles of quantum computing as a puzzle game in which players must flip qubits. It wont make you a quantum expert overnight, but it will help demystify the process a bit. (With every level, players can hit a learn more button for a digestible tutorial on quantum basics.)

Quantum gaming isnt just about educational outreach, though. Just as John Bennett imagined Nim as a game that would exist to show off a computers abilities, only to unwittingly kickstart a $130 billion a year industry, so quantum games are moving beyond just teaching players lessons about quantum computing.Increasingly, Wootton is excited about what he sees as real world uses for quantum computing. One of the most promising of these is taking advantage of quantum computings random number generating to create random terrain within computer games. In Zurich, he showed me a three-dimensional virtual landscape reminiscent of Minecraft. However, while much of the world of Minecraft is user generated, in this case the blocky, low-resolution world was generated using a quantum computer.

Quantum mechanics is known for its randomness, so the easiest possibility is just to use quantum computing as a [random number generator], Wootton said. I have a game in which I use only one qubit: the smallest quantum computer you can get. All you can do is apply operations that change the probabilities of getting a zero or one as output. I use that to determine the height of the terrain at any point in the game map.

Plenty of games made with classical computers have already included procedurally generated elements over the years. But as the requirements for these elements ranging from randomly generated enemies to entire maps increase in complexity, quantum could help.

Gaming is an industry that is very dependent on how fast things run

Gaming is an industry that is very dependent on how fast things run, he continued. If theres a factor of 10 difference in how long it takes something to run that determines whether you can actually use it in a game. He sees today as a great jumping-on point for people in the gaming industry to get involved to help shape the future development of quantum computing. Its going to be driven by what people want, he explained. If people find an interesting use-case and everyone wants to use quantum computing for a game where you have to submit a job once per frame, that will help dictate the way that the technology is made.

Hes now reached the point where he thinks the race may truly be on to develop the first commercial game using a quantum computer. Weve been working on these proof-of-principle projects, but now I want to work with actual game studios on actual problems that they have, he continued. That means finding out what they want and how they want the technology to be [directed].

One thing thats for certain is that Wootton is no longer alone in developing his quantum games. In the last couple of years, a number ofquantum game jams have popped up around the world. What most people have done is to start small, Wootton said. They often take an existing game and use one or two qubits to help allow you to implement a quantum twist on the game mechanics. Following this mantra, enthusiasts have used quantum computing to make remixed versions of existing games, including Dr. Qubit (a quantum version of Dr. Mario), Quantum Cat-sweeper (a quantum version of Minesweeper), and Quantum Pong (a quantum version of, err, Pong).

The world of quantum gaming has moved beyond its 1950 equivalent of Nim. Now we just have to wait and see what happens next. The decades which followed Nim gave us MITs legendary Spacewar in the 1960s, the arcade boom of the 1970s and 80s, the console wars of Sega vs. Nintendo, the arrival of the Sony PlayStation in the 1990s, and so on. In the process, classical computers became part of our lives in a way they never were before. As Whole Earth Catalog founder Stewart Brand predicted as far back as 1972 Rolling Stone in his classic essay on Spacewar: Ready or not, computers are coming to the people.

At present, quantum gamings future is at a crossroads. Is it an obscure niche occupied by just a few gaming physics enthusiasts or a powerful tool that will shape tomorrows industry? Is it something that will teach us all to appreciate the finer points of quantum physics or a tool many of us wont even realize is being used, that will nevertheless give us some dope ass games to play?

Like Schrdingers cat, right now its both at once. What a superposition to be in.

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Inside the weird, wild, and wondrous world of quantum video games - Digital Trends

Shaping the technology transforming our society – Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

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Technology and society are intertwined. Self-driving cars and facial recognition technologies are no longer science fiction, and data and efficiency are harbingers of this new world.

But these new technologies are only the beginning. In the coming decades, further advances in artificial intelligence and the dawn of quantum computing are poised to change lives in both discernible and inconspicuous ways.

Even everyday technology, like a smartphone app, affects people in significant ways that they might not realize, said Fermilab scientist Daniel Bowring. If there are concerns about something as familiar as an app, then we need to take more opaque and complicated technology, like AI, very seriously.

A two-day workshop took place from Oct. 31-Nov.1 at the University of Chicago to raise awareness and generate strategies for the ethical development and implementation of AI and quantum computing. The workshop was organized by the Chicago Quantum Exchange, a Chicago-based intellectual hub and community of researchers whose aim is to promote the exploration of quantum information technologies, and funded by the Kavli Foundation and the Center for Data and Computing, a University of Chicago center for research driven by data science and AI approaches.

Members of the Chicago Quantum Exchange engage in conversation at a workshop at the University of Chicago. Photo: Anne Ryan, University of Chicago

At the workshop, industry experts, physicists, sociologists, journalists and more gathered to learn, share insights and identify next steps as AI and quantum computing advance.

AI and quantum computing are developing tools that will affect everyone, said Bowring, a member of the workshop organizing team. It was important to us to get as many stakeholders in the room as possible.

Workshop participants listened to presentations that framed concerns such as power asymmetries, algorithmic bias and privacy before breaking out into small groups to deliberate these topics and develop actionable strategies. Groups reported to all attendees after each breakout session. On the last day of the workshop, participants considered how they would nurture the dialogue.

At one of the breakout sessions, participants discussed the balance between collaborative quantum computing research and national security. Today, the results of quantum computing research are dispersed in a wide variety of academic journals, and a lot of code is accessible and open source. However, because of its potential implications for cybersecurity and encryption, quantum computing is also of interest to national security, so it may be subject to intelligence and export controls. What endeavors, if any, should be open source or private? Are these outcomes realizable? What level of control should be maintained? How should these technologies be regulated?

Were already behind on setting ground rules for these technologies, which, if left to progress on their own, could increase power asymmetries in society, said Brian Nord, Fermilab and University of Chicago scientist and member of the workshop organizing team. Our research programs, for example, need to be crafted in a way that does not reinforce or exacerbate these asymmetries.

Workshop participants will continue the dialogue through online and in-person meetings to address key ethical and societal issues in the quantum and AI space. Potential future activities include writing proposals for joint research projects that consider ethical and societal implications, white papers addressed to academic audiences, and media editorials and developing community action plans.

Organizers are planning to hold a panel next spring to engage the public, as well.

The spring event will help us continue to spread awareness and engage a variety of groups on issues of ethics in AI and quantum computing, Nord said.

The workshop was sponsored by the Kavli Foundation in partnership with the Center for Data and Computing at the University of Chicago. Artificial intelligence and quantum information science are two of six initiatives identified as special priority by the Department of Energy Office of Science.

The Kavli Foundation is dedicated to advancing science for the benefit of humanity, promoting public understanding of scientific research, and supporting scientists and their work. The foundations mission is implemented through an international program of research institutes, initiatives and symposia in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, neuroscience, and theoretical physics, as well as the Kavli Prize and a program in public engagement with science. Visitkavlifoundation.org.

The Chicago Quantum Exchange catalyzes research activity across disciplines and member institutions. It is anchored by the University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and includes the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Northwestern University and industry partners. Visit chicagoquantum.org.

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Shaping the technology transforming our society - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

China is beating the US when it comes to quantum security – MIT Technology Review

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Its been six years since hackers linked with China breached the US Office of Personnel Managements computer system and stole sensitive information about millions of federal employees and contractors. It was the sort of information thats collected during background checks for security clearancesvery personal stuff. But not all was lost. Even though there were obviously some massive holes in the OPMs security setup, some of its data was encrypted. It was useless to the attackers.

Perhaps not for much longer. Its only a matter of time before even encrypted data is at risk. Thats the view of John Prisco, CEO of Quantum Xchange, a cybersecurity firm based in Bethesda, Maryland. Speaking at the EmTech Future Compute event last week, he said that Chinas aggressive pursuit of quantum computing suggests it will eventually have a system capable of figuring out the key to access that data. Current encryption doesnt stand much of a chance against a quantum system tasked with breaking it.

China is moving forward with a harvest today, read tomorrow approach, said Prisco. The country wants to steal as much data as possible, even if it cant access it yet, because its banking on a future when it finally can, he said. Prisco says the China is outspending the US in quantum computing 10 times over. Its allegedly spending $10 billion alone to build the National Laboratory for Quantum Information Sciences, scheduled to open next year (although this number is disputed). Americas counterpunch is just $1.2 billion over five years toward quantum information science. Were not really that safe, he said.

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Part of Chinas massive investment has gone toward quantum security itself, including the development of quantum key distribution, or QKD. This involves sending encrypted data as classical bits (strictly binary information) over a fiber-optic network, while sending the keys used to decrypt the information in the form of qubits (which can represent more than just two states, thanks to quantum superposition). The mere act of trying to observe the key changes its state, alerting the sender and receiver of a security breach.

Bu it has its limits. QKD requires sending information-carrying photons over incredibly long distances (tens to hundreds of miles). The best way to do this right now is by installing a fiber-optic network, a costly and time-consuming process.

Its not foolproof, either. The signals eventually scatter and break down over long stretches of fiber optics, so you need to build nodes that will continue to boost them forward. These networks are also point-to-point only (as opposed to a broadcast connection), so you can communicate with only one other party at a time.

Nevertheless, China looks to be all in on QKD networks. Its already built a 1,263-mile link between Beijing and Shanghai to deliver quantum keys. And a successful QKD demonstration by the Chinese Micius satellite was reported across the 4,700 miles between Beijing and Vienna.

Even Europe is making aggressive strides: the European Unions OPENQKD initiative calls for using a combination of fiber optics and satellites to create a QKD-safe communications network covering 13 nations. The US, Prisco argues, is incredibly far behind, for which he blames a lack of urgency. The closest thing it has is a 500-mile fiber-optic cable running down the East Coast. Quantum Xchange has inked a deal to use the cable to create a QKD network that secures data transfers for customers (most notably the financial companies based around New York City).

With Europe and China already taking QKD seriously, Prisco wants to see the US catch upand fast. Its a lot like the space race, he said. We really cant afford to come in second place.

Update: This story has been amended to note that the funding figures for the National Laboratory for Quantum Information Sciences are disputed among some experts.

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China is beating the US when it comes to quantum security - MIT Technology Review

Technology to Highlight the Next 10 Years: Quantum Computing – Somag News

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Technology to Highlight the Next 10 Years According to a Strategy Expert: Quantum Computing

It is said that quantum computers, quantum computing, will have an impact on human history in the coming years. Bank of Americas strategist said that quantum calculation will mark the 2020s.

Bank of America strategist Haim Israel, the revolutionary feature that will emerge in the 2020s will be quantum calculation, he said. The iPhone was released in 2007, and we felt its real impact in the 2010s. We will not see the first business applications for quantum computing until the end of the next decade.

Strategy expert Haim Israel; He stated that the effect of quantum computing on business will be more radical and revolutionary than the effect of smartphones. Lets take a closer look at quantum computing.

What is Quantum Calculation?

Quantum computation is a fairly new technology based on quantum theory in physics. Quantum theory, in the simplest way, describes the behavior of subatomic particles and states that these particles can exist in more than one place until they are observed. Quantum computers, like todays computers, go beyond the storage of zeros and get enormous computing power.

In October, Google, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., claimed that they completed the calculation in 200 seconds on a 53 qubit quantum computing chip using a quantum computer, which takes 10,000 years on the fastest supercomputer. Amazon said earlier this month that it intends to cooperate with experts to develop quantum computing technologies. IBM and Microsoft are also among the companies that develop quantum computing technologies.

Quantum computation; health services can recreate the Internet of objects and cyber security areas:

Israel; quantum computing would have revolutionary implications in areas such as health care, the Internet of things and cyber security. Pharmaceutical companies will be the first commercial users of these devices, he said, adding that only the quantum computers can solve the pharmaceutical industrys big data problem.

Quantum computing will also have a major impact on cyber security. Todays cyber security systems are based on cryptographic algorithms, but with quantum computing these equations can be broken in a very short time. Even the most powerful encryption algorithms in the future will weaken significantly by quantum computation, Ok said Oktas marketing manager, Swaroop Sham.

For investors, Israel said that the first one or two companies that could develop commercially applicable quantum computing in this field could access huge amounts of data. This makes the software of these companies very valuable for customers.

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Technology to Highlight the Next 10 Years: Quantum Computing - Somag News

The Hits And Misses Of AWS re:Invent 2019 – Forbes

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AWS re:Invent 2019 which concluded last week marked another milestone for Amazon and the cloud computing ecosystem. Some of the new AWS services announced this year will become the foundation for upcoming products and services.

Dart Board

Though there have been many surprises, AWS didnt mention or announce some of the services that were expected by the community. My own predictions for AWS re:Invent 2019 were partially accurate.

Based on the wishlist and what was expected, here is a list of hits and misses from this years mega cloud event:

Hits of AWS re:Invent 2019

1) Quantum Computing Delivered through Amazon Braket

After IBM, Microsoft, and Google, it was Amazons turn to jump the quantum computing bandwagon.

Amazon Braket is a managed service for quantum computing that provides a development environment to explore and design quantum algorithms, test them on simulated quantum computers, and run them on different quantum hardware technologies.

This new service from Amazon lets customers use both quantum and classical tasks on a hybrid infrastructure. It is tightly integrated with existing AWS services such as S3 and CloudWatch.

Amazon Braket has the potential to become one of the key pillars of AWS compute services.

2) Leveraging Project Nitro

Project Nitro is a collection of hardware accelerators that offload hypervisor, storage, and network to custom chips freeing up resources on EC2 to deliver the best performance.

Amazon has started to launch additional EC2 instance types based on custom chips powered by the Nitro System. The Inf1 family of EC2 delivers the best of the breed hardware and software combination to accelerate machine learning model inferencing.

Along with Nitro, Amazon is also investing in ARM-based compute resources. Amazon EC2 now offers general purpose (M6g), compute optimized (C6g), and memory optimized (R6g) Amazon instances powered by AWS Graviton2 processor that use 64-bit Arm Neoverse cores and custom silicon designed by AWS.

Going forward, Amazon will launch additional instance types based on Graviton2 processors that will become cheaper alternatives to Intel x64-based instance types.

3) Augmented AI with Human in the Loop

Remember Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)? A crowdsourced service that delegates jobs to real humans. Based on the learnings from applying automation to retail, Amazon encourages keeping the human in the loop.

More recently, Amazon launched SageMaker Ground Truth - the data labeling service powered by humans. Customers can upload raw datasets and have humans draw bounding boxes around specific objects identified in the images. This increases accuracy while training machine learning models.

With Amazon Augmented AI (Amazon A2I), AWS now introduces human-driven validation of machine learning models. The low-confidence predictions from an augmented AI model are sent to real humans for validation. This increases the precision and accuracy of models while performing predictions from an ML model.

Amazon continues to bring humans into the technology-driven automation loop.

4) AI-driven Code Review and Profiling through Amazon CodeGuru

Amazon CodeGuru is a managed service that helps developers proactively improve code quality and application performance through AI-driven recommendations. The service comes with a reviewer and profiler that can detect and identify issues in code. Amazon CodeGuru can review and profile Java code targeting the Java Virtual Machine.

This service was expected to come from a platform and tools vendor. Given the heritage of developer tools, I was expecting this from Microsoft. But Amazon has taken a lead in infusing AI into code review and analysis.

CodeGuru is one of my favorite announcements from AWS re:Invent 2019.

5) Decentralized Cloud Infrastructure - Local Zones and AWS Wavelength

When the competition is caught up in expanding the footprint of data centers through traditional regions and zones, Amazon has taken an unconventional approach of setting up mini data centers in each metro.

The partnership with Verizon and other telecom providers is a great move from AWS.

Both, Local Zones and AWS Wavelength are game-changers from Amazon. They redefine edge computing by providing a continuum of compute services.

Bonus: AWS DeepComposer

Having launched DeepLens in 2017 and DeepRacer in 2018, I was curious to see how AWS mixes and matches its deep learning research with a hardware-based, educational device.

AWS DeepComposer brings the power of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to music composition.

Misses of AWS re:Invent 2019

1) Open Source Strategy

Open source was conspicuously missing from the keynotes at re:Invent. With a veteran like Adrian Cockroft leading the open source efforts, I was expecting Amazon to make a significant announcement related to OSS.

Amazon has many internal projects which are good candidates for open source. From machine learning to compute infrastructure, AWS has many on-going research efforts. Open sourcing a tiny subset of these projects could immensely benefit the community.

The only open source project that was talked about was Firecracker which was announced last year. Even for that, Amazon didnt mention handing it over to a governing body to drive broader contribution and participation of the community.

The industry expects Amazon to actively participate in open source initiatives.

2) Container Strategy

Containers are the building blocks of modern infrastructure. They are becoming the de facto standard to build modern, cloud native applications.

With Amazon claiming that 80% of all containerized and Kubernetes applications running in the cloud run on AWS, I expect a streamlined developer experience of deploying containerized workloads on AWS.

The current developer experience of dealing with AWS container services such as ECS, Fargate and EKS leaves a lot to be desired.

The only significant announcement from re:Invent 2019 related to containers was the general availability of the serveless container platform based on EKS for Fargate. Based on my personal experience, I found the service to be complex.

Both Microsoft and Google score high on the innovation of containerized platforms and enhancing the developer experience.

AWS has work to do in simplifying the developer workflow when dealing with containerized workloads.

3) VMware Partnership

Surprisingly, there was no discussion on the roadmap, growth and adoption of VMware Cloud on AWS. While the focus shifted to AWS Outposts, there has been no mention of the upcoming AWS managed services on VMware.

Though AWS Outposts are available on vSphere, the GA announcement had little to no mention of Outposts on VMware.

4) Simplified Developer Experience

AWS now has multiple compute services in the form of EC2 (IaaS), Beanstalk (PaaS), Lambda (FaaS) and Container Services offered through ECS, Fargate and EKS (CaaS).

Amazon recommends using a variety of tools to manage the lifecycle of the infrastructure and applications. Customers use CloudFormation, Kubernetes YAML, Cloud Developer Kit (CDK) and Serverless Application Model (SAM) to deal with each of the workloads running in different compute environments.

The current deployment model and programmability aspects of AWS are becoming increasingly complex. There is a need to simplify the developer and admin experience of AWS.

I was expecting a new programmability model from Amazon that would make it easier for developers to target AWS for running their workloads.

5) Custom AutoML Models for Offline Usage

Though AWS launched SageMaker Autopilot and Rekognition Custom Labels in the AutoML domain, it didnt mention about enhancing AutoML-based language services for newer verticals and domains.

Custom models trained through Amazons AutoML services cannot be exported for offline usage in disconnected scenarios such as industrial automation. None of the services are integrated with AWS Greengrass deployments for offline inferencing.

Both Google and Microsoft offer exporting AutoML models optimized for the edge.

Amazon Comprehend service could be easily expanded to support newer verticals and domains such as legal and finance through AutoML.

Though the above announcements and services didnt make it to this years re:Invent, I am sure they are in the roadmap.

Excerpt from:

The Hits And Misses Of AWS re:Invent 2019 - Forbes

Last surviving Viking-inspired boat that served a now- abandoned island goes up for auction – The Scotsman

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It was modelled on the great Viking boats once found in the seas around Scotlandbut it lay broken on a beach for years after an enormous bull, who was being transported to the mainland, got a fright and put its hoof through the bottom.

Now, one of the last surviving examples of the Original Stroma Yoles is being sold at Sotheby's auction house next month after its remains were collected from the shore and painstakingly restored over a 20-year period.

The boat, called Bee, is expected to fetch up to 15,000 when it goes under the hammer with it being sold by The Berwickshire Maritime Trust, who have used it to teach traditional sailing skills to young people.

READ MORE: The eerie photographs of the abandoned island of Stroma

Built in 1904, the Bee is Nordic in design and closely related in shape to the Shetland Yoal and Sgoth Niseach of the Outer Hebrides, which were commonly used in the Orkney Islands and around the north of Scotland from the 8th and 9th centuries until well into the 20th century.

The people of Stroma, a tiny now-abandoned island which sits between Caithness and Orkney, took the Yole design and made it larger, fuller and heavier to cope with the treacherous waters of the Pentland Firth with the Bee serving as the island's only livestock boat for more than 50 years.

READ MORE: The odd case of the mummified bodies of Stroma

Lucy Brown, Head of Sothebys Edinburgh Office, said: The hull of Bee is one of the last remaining examples of the original Stroma Yoles.

"Sadly, so many wooden boats simply rot away but Bee was built to survive. Her design was purpose built for her environment; today, the tradition of building boats to suit local conditions has almost vanished, making Bees survival even more significant.

"That proceeds from the sale will benefit a maritime trust dedicated to the promotion of seafaring is a fitting follow-on chapter to Bees 100-year history.

Bee was built at Harrow near Mey in 1904 and registered to the Port of Wick in 1912 to owners 'David Sinclair and other residents of Stroma'.

The main occupations of islanders, which was abandoned in 1962, were long line fishing for cod and crofting.

In Anne Houstons book Lest We Forget Canisbay, there is a description of Bee being used to transport a horse to the island. The charge for transporting a beast was one shilling and it took 12 strong men to load horses or cattle onto the boat.

In 1941, a bull belonging to the Department of Agriculture was being transported back to the mainland aboard Bee

when the animal took fright and put its hoof through the bottom of the boat.

The crofters had to return to the island in a hurry and Sutherland Mason, who was a young boy living on the island at that time, remembers all the local families were given a joint of beef.

He also remembers Bee lying damaged on the beach at Stroma for many years.

When the island was abandoned, so was Bee but the boat was later rescued and bought in 1968 from descendants of the original owners for 1 and towed to the mainland for repair.

Bee was restored and cared for by John William Laird, Stan Anderson and Colin Heape with the boat now moored in Eyemouth Harbour.

She has sailed to the Summer Isles, through the Caledonian Canal, to Cromarty and Nairn on the Moray Firth and to the Portsoy Traditional Boat Festival.

Bee will be sold at the Sotheby's Art of Travel online auction, which from December 2 to December 12.

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Last surviving Viking-inspired boat that served a now- abandoned island goes up for auction - The Scotsman

Dealer Jailed After Raid Uncovers 44k of Grugs – Daily Record

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A drug dealer was left counting the cost this week after police seized almost 44,000 worth of illicit substances following a raid on his flat at a Perth housing estate.

Perth Sheriff Court was told officers took possession of more than 1000 ecstasy tablets, in excess of 1300 grammes of cannabis and nearly 2000 grammes of amphetamine when they went to Kamil Morawaskis housing association flat in the Fairfield area of the city.

They also discovered more than 5000, stuffed in envelopes and hidden under a mattress, as well as other cash and euros totalling more than 500.

The 31-year-old was jailed for 54 months after he admitted being concerned in the class A and class B drugs at his first floor flat in McCallum Court, Perth, between January 31 and July 31, 2019.

His lawyer, David Sinclair, said extradition was awaiting him at the conclusion of the Perth proceedings and he would be returned to Poland to complete his sentence.

Depute fiscal Eilidh Robertson said the prosecution had also raised proceeds of crime action against him in a bid to claw back some of the cash he had dishonestly obtained.

An earlier motion to forfeit the cash seized by police was withdrawn.

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Imposing the lengthy jail term, Sheriff Foulis noted Morawski had a previous conviction for a cannabis offense in his homeland.

If the matter had gone to trial, there would have been a very real prospect he would have been remitted to the High Court for sentence where lengthier jail terms can be imposed.

But he added: I am persuaded - just - that it can remain in this court.

You have held your hands up and accepted responsibility at the earliest stage...and you did not shy away from taking responsibility for your actions.

Nor, indeed, did you try to mask the reason for your actions in any way.

Such honesty is, bluntly, refreshing.

Mr. Sinclair explained his client had been involved in the drugs scene for around six months.

Any drugs sold were to people that he knew - predominantly in the Polish community - and others that he knew at the local level.

He has clearly acknowledged he was seeking to improve his family life but took the short way of doing so.

He recognizes, with the benefit of hindsight, this was a huge mistake and he regrets hes put his family in this position.

The court heard previously that police obtained a drug search warrant which they executed on July 31.

The accuseds house was searched and several tubs containing cannabis, ecstasy tablets and amphetamines were discovered.

Officers also found drugs paraphernalia, including a tick list, which indicated to officers he was supplying drugs on a commercial basis.

A total of 5140, contained in envelopes hidden under a mattress, along with 320 in cash, found on top of a chest of drawers, and 265 euros, discovered in a dressing table, were also seized.

The following substances were recovered: a total of 1120 class A ecstasy tablets, with a maximum illicit value of 11,200; 1309.76 grammes of Class B cannabis, worth 13,090; and 1945.08 grammes of class B amphetamines, with a street value of 19,450.

When interviewed by police, Morawski admitted he was a drug dealer and that he had been selling cannabis, ecstasy and amphetamine for around six months for financial gain.

Sheriff Foulis said the amount of drugs and cash recovered represented only a snapshot of the position at July 31.

He added: It does not - and cannot - give any indication as to the value of drugs which passed through your hands between January 31 and July 31 of this year.

He stated, however, that it would not have been insubstantial.

The jail term was backdated to August 1 when Morawaski was first remanded.

A preliminary hearing to consider the proceeds of crime action has been fixed for February 18.

Link:

Dealer jailed after raid uncovers 44k of drugs - Daily Record

Man with string of convictions in his native Poland came to Perth to set up drug den – The Courier

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A drug dealer who moved from Poland to set up his Scottish housing association flat as a drugs hub has been jailed for four and a half years.

Kamil Morawski who was described as refreshingly honest by a sheriff yesterday will also face extradition at the conclusion of his prison term.

Morawski, who has a string of Polish convictions, bluntly told police who raided his Perth home that he was a drug dealer and had been in business for months.

Perth Sheriff Court was told Morawski was given a housing association flat when he moved to Scotland and used it to set up a large-scale drug den peddling ecstasy, speed and cannabis.

Morawski, 31, was found with 40,000 worth of drugs after converting the flat into the centre of his drug dealing operation.

The father-of-one who had served prison terms in his homeland for drug-related crimes was caught with nearly two kilos of speed.

As well as the amphetamine worth nearly 20,000, he had more than 1,000 ecstasy tablets and more than a kilo of cannabis in the McCallum Court flat. When his home was raided by police, Morawski told them he was a drug dealer and had been selling a cocktail of illicit substances for several months.

Depute fiscal Charmaine Gilmartin told Perth Sheriff Court: He has offended previously in Poland but has no previous convictions in the UK.

This took place in a two-bedroom flat owned by a housing association. The accused was the sole tenant but resided with his partner and child.

The police received intelligence that the accused was supplying drugs from his home. A drugs search warrant was granted.

Mrs Gilmartin said 1,120 ecstasy tablets were recovered with a potential value of 11,200, along with 1,945 grams of amphetamine worth 19,450.

The total cannabis recovered weighed 1,309 grams and had a maximum value of 13,090.

Morawski had also stuffed more than 5,000 in cash under his mattress.

The accused gave full answers, stating that he was a drug dealer and sold cannabis, amphetamine and E.

He stated he had been dealing for around six months for financial gain. He said his partner had no knowledge or involvement.

Morawski, a prisoner at Perth, admitted three charges of being concerned in the supply of cannabis, amphetamine and ecstasy between January 31July 31 this year.

Solicitor David Sinclair, defending, said Morawski first arrived in the UK in 2010 to work on a farm but had since returned to Poland and served jail time.

Mr Sinclair said: He was seeking to improve his familys life and took a short way of doing so.

Sheriff Lindsay Foulis said: You have held your hands up and accepted responsibility at the earliest stage. You do not shy away from taking responsibility.

Nor do you try and mask your reasons for your actions in any way and such honesty, to put it bluntly, is refreshing.

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Man with string of convictions in his native Poland came to Perth to set up drug den - The Courier

#27 – David Sinclair, Ph.D.: Slowing aging sirtuins, NAD …

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In this episode, David A. Sinclair, Ph.D., a Professor in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and co-Director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, provides insight into why we age and how to slow its effects based on his remarkable work on the role of sirtuins and NAD in health and diseases. He also presents the case that stabilizing the epigenetic landscape may be the linchpin in counteracting aging and disease.

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Check out this post to see an example of what the substantial show notes look like. Become a member today to get access

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David A. Sinclair, Ph.D. is a Professor in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and co-Director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging.

He is best known for his work on understanding why we age and how to slow its effects. He obtained his Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney in 1995. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher at M.I.T. with Dr. Leonard Guarente where he co-discovered a cause of aging for yeast as well as the role of Sir2 in epigenetic changes driven by genome instability. In 1999 he was recruited to Harvard Medical School where his laboratorys research has focused primarily on understanding the role of sirtuins in disease and aging, with associated interests in chromatin, energy metabolism, mitochondria, learning and memory, neurodegeneration, and cancer. He has also contributed to the understanding of how sirtuins are modulated by endogenous molecules and pharmacological agents such as resveratrol.

Dr. Sinclair is co-founder of several biotechnology companies (Sirtris, Ovascience, Genocea, Cohbar, MetroBiotech, ArcBio, Liberty Biosecurity) and is on the boards of several others. He is also co-founder and co-chief editor of the journal Aging. His work is featured in five books, two documentary movies, 60 Minutes, Morgan Freemans Through the Wormhole and other media.

He is an inventor on 35 patents and has received more than 25 awards and honors including the CSL Prize, The Australian Commonwealth Prize, Thompson Prize, Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Award, Charles Hood Fellowship, Leukemia Society Fellowship, Ludwig Scholarship, Harvard-Armenise Fellowship, American Association for Aging Research Fellowship, Nathan Shock Award from the National Institutes of Health, Ellison Medical Foundation Junior and Senior Scholar Awards, Merck Prize, Genzyme Outstanding Achievement in Biomedical Science Award, Bio-Innovator Award, David Murdock-Dole Lectureship, Fisher Honorary Lectureship, Les Lazarus Lectureship, Australian Medical Research Medal, The Frontiers in Aging and Regeneration Award, Top 100 Australian Innovators, and TIME magazines list of the 100 most influential people in the world. [medapps.med.harvard.edu]

David on LinkedIn: David A. Sinclair, Ph.D. A.O.

David on Twitter: @davidasinclair

(Boston, MA - 3/23/17) David Sinclair, director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Harvard Medical School, discovered how to reverse aging in mice, Thursday, March 23, 2017. Staff photo by Angela Rowlings.

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#27 - David Sinclair, Ph.D.: Slowing aging sirtuins, NAD ...

What Does David Sinclair Eat and Supplement? (2019 …

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You might have heard about Dr. David Sinclair on the Joe Rogan Experienceand you are now curious about what does he eat and what supplements he does take.

Together with Dr. Rhonda Patrick, he is one of the main proponents of wholesome food eating to delay aging.

In this post, you will get all Dr. David Sinclair' anti-aging tips so that you can slow down your own aging.

David Andrew Sinclair (born 1969 in Australia) is a biologist and professor of genetics. In the longevity circles, he is known for supporting resveratrol (one of the compounds found in red wine) as a supplement to slow the aging process.

What Companies Does David Sinclair Own?

Dr. David Sinclair is co-founder of several biotechnology companies (Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Genocea Biosciences, OvaScience, CohBar, MetroBiotech, ArcBio, Liberty Biosecurity) and is on the boards of several others (most notably Shaklee).

Is David Sinclair Legit?

Yes, David Sinclair is legit. He holds a PhD from the University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia) and is a Full Professor at Harvard where is working since 1999. He is author of hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications.

Is David Sinclair Vegetarian?

David Sinclair is not vegetarian. Nevertheless, he limits his red meat consumption because it contains Trimethylamine N-oxide which is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

What Does Dr. David Sinclair Eat?

As you are interested in extending your life span, you might be interested in knowing what David Sinclair eats so that you can also gain some benefits.

David Sinclair's diet consists of:

What Supplements Does David Sinclair Take?

The anti-aging doctor keeps it simple when it comes to longevity supplements.

Here the list and dosage of anti-aging supplements that David Sinclair takes (from the Joe Rogan podcast):

He has been taking resveratrol for 12 years while NMN and metformin for about 3.

To properly absorb resveratrol make sure to have some fat when you take it. For example you can have some whole milk, full fat yogurt, or some nuts.

Due to a family history of high cholesterol, he also takes a statin but it doesn't mean that you need as an anti-aging supplement.

Watch out: NMN can be pretty expensive!

Where Can You Buy Metformin?

To get metformin, you would need a prescription from your doctor. This is not always easy to come by as it depends from doctor to doctor to make the final call.

As alternative, you can substitute it with berberine which you can easily find on Amazon.

Why NMN For Longevity?

Calorie restriction is the best "therapy" against aging.

You can imagine, though, that it's not sustainable as a long term solution not only because you'd be constantly hungry but also because you'd be malnourished.

When we get older, our levels of NAD+ decline. Calorie restriction, can reverse the decline of NAD+.

The problem of NAD+ is that if you were to take it (either as a pill or inject it), it is poorly absorbed by the cells. This means that it cannot work.

Interestingly, when older mice were fed NMN, they had the same NAD+ levels of younger mice. Cool, isn't it?

Supplements He Does NOT Recommend

There are some supplements that Dave Sinclair does not recommend either for safety reasons or because they can accelerate aging:

David Sinclair Workouts

David Sinclair runs one to two times per week at fairly high intensity on the Assault Fitness AirRunner.

Two to three times per week he does resistance training and boxes. No specific details are available at the moment. He frequently uses a sauna in conjunction with a cold bath.

David Sinclair Longevity Tips

David Sinclair Book

If you have found Dr. David Sinclair' tips valuable, you will just devour his book: "Lifespan: Why We Ageand Why We Don't Have To".

In the book he goes in great detail on how we can slow down, or even reverse, aging. Check it out on Amazon.

David Sinclair on Joe Rogan's Podcast

David Sinclair on Rich Roll's Podcast

David Sinclair on Peter Attia's Podcast

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What Does David Sinclair Eat and Supplement? (2019 ...

David Sinclair Supplements For Anti-Aging – What He Takes & Why

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David Sinclair is a professor of genetics at the forefront of anti-aging research.

I've taken note of his work, and as someone extremely interested in maximizing my longevity and vitality, I have incorporated a couple of his daily supplements into my own routine that I wasn't already using.

These are the supplements and drugs he uses to preserve his youth.

David Sinclair's takes 500 mg of Resveratrol with yogurt upon waking up.

Resveratrol is a natural phenol produced by plants when they are under attack by pathogens, or in response to injury.

It is essentially produced as a defense mechanism, and interestingly enough, when humans ingest it, it is purported to produce a similar hormetic that activates certain longevity pathways.

In addition to Resveratrol, David Sinclair takes one gram (1,000 mg) of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) at the same time each morning with his homemade yogurt.

David takes raw NMN powder, but NMN is also available in tablet form.

A common misconception is that NMN is the same as NR (Nicotinamide Riboside), and they are often confused with one another.

The main difference between the two is the molecule size, which will likely impact how it is absorbed and assimilated.

People often get confused between the two and they'll buy NR supplements, and think that they're getting NMN, but that's often not the case.

I'm not going to say one is superior to the other because NMN has less data on it than NR.

NR is the one that has human trials to show that it boosts NAD+ a significant amount.

There's going to be more data coming on NMN in the near future, but for now, NR seems to be a more predictable bet in terms of choosing between the two.

Obviously, David Sinclair has a lot of confidence in NMN as he's using the research chemical on himself, which I'm not against personally.

It all comes down to risk tolerance when using anything without sufficient human data.

The mechanism of action of both NR and NMN essentially boil down to the fact that they can significantly boost NAD+ levels in the body, which is something that the body produces significantly smaller amounts of as you age.

By supplementing with an exogenous NAD+ precursor and boosting levels up to that of a young health adult, it is theorized that one can maintain healthier cell function in the body in old age and lower the incidence of disease, degradation, and a decline in quality of life.

Personally, I use Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) because it is more cost effective right now, and it has human data to back up its efficacy and safety profile.

I take 2 servings of ResveraCel per day as of now.

ResveraCel is a NR supplement that also contains Resveratrol and Trimethylglycine (TMG).

Something less commonly spoken about is that TMG may be essential to use as a methyl donor alongside NR or NMN, depending on your genetic predisposition, in order to prevent deleterious effects from occurring.

In addition, David Sinclair takes Vitamin D-3 with vitamin K2.

First of all, I can tell you right now that contrary to popular belief, you're not going to get enough Vitamin D from the sun outside, regardless of how long you're out there.

It's very likely that you're going to need to supplement with it.

I highly advise you get a blood test to see where your vitamin D levels are at (I recommend getting a comprehensive health panel while you're at it).

HOW IT WORKS1. Click blood test link above and it will redirect you to Private MD Labs Website

2. Select Male Athletic Anti-Aging Panel and add to cart

3. Add a Vit D, 25 Hydroxy test to it

4. Use DC15 as a discount code for 15% off

They will email you a form that you will print out and take to the nearest Labcorp for the blood draw (the site will guide you to the nearest lab).

Then they email you the results within about 3 business days.

Vitamin D is crucial and a super cheap supplement too.

Get your blood test, see where you're at, and then create a protocol based on how much you need.

Personally, I take 8,000 IUs of Vitamin D-3 per day.

8000 IUs would be considered a mega-dose by many, but this is what it puts my blood work at:

As far as a Vitamin K2, that's something that you can get from egg yolks, butter, dark chicken meat, cheese, Natto, and a variety of other foods.

However, I do not believe that most people are hitting their requirements for Vitamin K2, and certainly not the vitamin K2 homologue MK-7.

MK-7 is thought by many to be the most beneficial Vitamin K2 homologue.

There is an abundance of information all over the web that can be overwhelming to take in.

My advice would simply be to hit the daily requirements for all of the Vitamin K homologues.

Vitamin K2 is the only vitamin that's proven to support arteriosclerosis reversal, the attenuation of further arterial calcification, and scavenging plaque in the arteries.

A high menaquinone intake reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease.

Vitamin K Dependent Proteins and the Role of Vitamin K2 in the Modulation of Vascular Calcification: A Review

Vitamin K-Antagonists Accelerate Atherosclerotic Calcification and Induce a Vulnerable Plaque Phenotype

Dietary Intake of Menaquinone Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: The Rotterdam Study

Vitamin K Status and Vascular Calcification: Evidence from Observational and Clinical Studies

Effect of vitamin K2 on progression of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in nondialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5.

Vitamin K2 is responsible for getting calcium into where it's supposed to go in the body and preventing calcification in the arteries,

If you're deficient in vitamin K2, you're not going to have sufficient assimilation of that calcium into where you want it to be, and you may experience arterial calcification if your diet model supports it (most diets aren't optimized to avoid this).

I would advise a 1 soft gel of the Jarrow Formulas Vitamin K-Complex per day.

If you've seen my other articles on health supplements, you'll know that I've used this product for a while now.

It's one of the main supplements that you should religiously take, especially if you're a bodybuilder.

K2 is a more obscure vitamin that not a lot of people look at seriously, but it's one of the most important ones in my opinion.

David Sinclair also takes a Statin, which is not a supplement, it's a prescription drug for modulating lipids/cholesterol levels.

I don't advise that you haphazardly take a Statin just because David uses 0ne.

There are natural ways to improve your lipid profile, and you may not even have a poor one to begin with.

Again, this is only something that would be recommended by your doctor based on your current blood work should you have a genetic predisposition to poor lipids that cannot be corrected via diet, supplementation and lifestyle changes.

David Sinclair also takes 1 gram (1,000 mg) of Metformin per day.

He started with 500 mg per day, and then he bumped it up to one gram.

One of the main side effects of Metformin is impaired digestion, so I'm assuming that's why he started lower and titrated up to 1 gram.

Metformin is a drug that is typically given to type II diabetics to increase insulin sensitivity and control their blood sugar.

Chronically elevated blood sugar and insulin levels are thought to be one of the main causes of cancer, microbiome disturbances, and cardiovascular disease.

This all stems back to diets including crappy food and sugar, and things that spike inflammation in the body, thus causing:

If you get your insulin sensitivity up, it will not only help lower the incidence of the aforementioned issues, it promotes a healthier body composition as well.

There are a myriad of benefits that come from being insulin sensitive.

This includes muscle growth potential.

If you're weight training and eating in a calorie surplus, you will gain a far more favorable ratio of muscle to fat if you are insulin sensitive as opposed to if you had insulin resistance.

Insulin acts as a nutrient transporter in the body, and if you have severe insulin resistance, you will assimilate nutrients very poorly and experience countless negative consequences, not only on your health, but your body composition and results in your athletic endeavors.

Getting as insulin sensitive as possible is not just conducive to health and longevity, it's also something that's going to improve how you physically look, as well as how lean or how muscular you can get.

I thought David Sinclair would have some massive supplement stack.

I use more supplements than him, which surprised me.

It just goes to show what areas he feels hold the significant majority of importance.

Obviously, he has a lot of confidence in this NAD+ theory and Hormesis.

Insulin sensitivity is also greatly taken into account because he's not diabetic, but he's taking Metformin anyways.

Of the supplements and drugs mentioned, I take Resveratrol, a NAD+ precursor (NR as opposed to NMN), Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D.

Although NMN looks very interesting, I'm waiting for more clinical data to emerge on that before I incorporate it into my protocol.

Metformin is also something I've looked at personally.

I haven't incorporated it yet, but it is something I'm seriously looking at myself.

My fasting glucose levels are always spot on and I have great insulin sensitivity as is, so I have to weigh out the risk:reward of me using it.

Related

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David Sinclair Supplements For Anti-Aging - What He Takes & Why

David Sinclairs anti-aging science | Harvard Magazine

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Decades of research have shown that calorie restriction extends lifespan and delays morbidity in many small, short-lived species: yeast, spiders, and various fish and rodents. In humans, though, the benefits of calorie restriction are still unproven, and probably less straightforward. And how calorie restriction slows the aging process is still not well understood. The interesting thing about calorie restriction is that we used to think the body was in some way slowing down, maybe in the number of heartbeats or production of free radicals, says professor of genetics David Sinclair. But it turns out thats wrong.When were calorie restricting, what were really doing is telling the body that now is not the time to go forth and multiply. Its time to conserve your resources, repair things better, fight free radicals, and repair broken DNA.

Sinclair believes that a compound found in all living cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), could be used to mimic these effects in humans without the starvation or decreased reproductive capacity associated with calorie restriction; his human trials of a therapy that could increase NAD levels are due to begin this month. Meanwhile, a similar compound is already being marketed as a supplement by a health start-up with several distinguished scientists (including three Harvard faculty members) on its advisory boardeven though theres still no evidence that the substance works.

Sinclairs approach is based on a broad view that links diseases of age such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimers, and heart failure to common cellular processes. His lab aims to understand these processes and then use that understanding to develop medical therapies.

Underlying the wide-ranging benefits of calorie restriction, Sinclair explains, are sirtuinsa group of seven genes that appear to be very important in regulating the aging process. These longevity-gene pathways are turned on by changes in lifestyle such as exercise and calorie restriction, he says. They control a variety of protective processestheres hundreds of things that they do, and we still dont know everything. But they protect the chromosomes, they protect stem cells from being lost, they protect cells from senescing. Sirtuins can be activated by a lack of amino acids or of sugar, or through an increase in NAD. (The compounds level in the body declines with age.)

Earlier this year, research from Sinclairs lab showed that feeding mice nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)a related, precursor compound that the body converts into NADmay slow aging in the animals, mimicking the effects of calorie restriction. We get the same effects as exercise or dieting, he says. The mice are leaner, have more energy. They can run further on a treadmill. That research continues, and is poised to be tested in humans: the first stage of the trials of NMN that he was preparing to begin in August at a Harvard-affiliated hospital will test for NAD increases in the blood; after that, he plans to study NMNs efficacy in treating diseases. Sinclair has been taking the compound himself for about a year. Hes reticent about that, to avoid sounding like a kook, but claims his lipid profile has improved dramatically and he feels generally less fatiguedthough he admits this is not scientific.

There is a cautionary note to sound, says Jeffrey Flier, Walker professor of medicine and former dean of Harvard Medical School (HMS). The NAD precursor already on the market as a dietary supplement, nicotinamide riboside (NR), is sold by New York-based Elysium Health, founded by MIT biologist Leonard Guarente, Ph.D. 79, who played a central role in establishing the link between sirtuins and aging, and was Sinclairs doctoral adviser. The company doesnt make any specific claims about aging prevention (legally, it cant); instead, it promotes its product as the one daily supplement your cells need. Flier has criticized the company for using the names of the highly credentialed scientists on its advisory board (featured prominently on its website) to market an unproven product: Elysium is selling pills [without] evidence that they actually work in humans at all, he says, echoing the strongly worded Boston Globeop-ed he wrote earlier this year condemning the companys marketing scheme.

Sinclair, who co-directs the Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at HMS, is not linked to Elysiumhis clinical trials go squarely down the traditional medical route, rather than through the loosely regulated supplement industry. Thats the contrast, he says. Im taking a pharmaceutical approach, FDA approval. Still, whatever animal research portends about the potential of NAD (and however alluring the promise of a cure for aging), the history of pharmaceutical development suggests its much too soon to expect any benefits for humans. Often molecules may be helpful to animals in a limited set of studies, but then are not shown to be helpful in humans, Flier warns. There are many, many, many examples of that.

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David Sinclair’s biological age was 58 after taking 1000 mg …

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Maxwatt, I don't see any mention in the Daily Mail article of +/- 13 years for Sinclair's age as you wrote. Sinclair, 47, said his pre NMN biological age was estimated to be 58 and after taking NMN for 3 months had an estimate of 32 years old. Is Sinclair lying about his estimated biological age as you suggest? It is possible, but I doubt it.

You quoted the daily mail as: with resveratrol at age "45 in 2015 and [he] still had a biological age of 58 according to what he recently revealed in an interview. Before he began taking 500 mg of NMN, he said his blood work showed that his biological age was that of a 58 year old but after the NMN, it had reversed to 32.

"

I subtracted 45 from 58 to get 13, and 32 from 45 to get 13. Hence +/- 13.

I know one of Sinclair's former postdoc students. He might ask for us what Sinclair was using for a test.

In the meantime Rapamycin looks more promising, but I am not ruling out NMN or dasatinib and quercetin, or a host of other molecules as being potentially beneficial. We need more data.

FWIW, for what its worth, I took one of those "age tests" and scored 14 years younger than my birth year. I'd been taking resveratrol for years. Tried NR with no noticeable effect. And this proves nothing.

Edited by maxwatt, 01 May 2017 - 03:28 AM.

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Lifespan: Why We Age_and Why We Don’t Have To: David A …

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Lifespanis entertaining and fast-paceda whirlwind tour of the recent past and a near future that will see 90 become the new 70. In a succession of colorfully titled chapters (The Demented Pianist, A Better Pill to Swallow), Sinclair and LaPlante weave a masterful narrative of how we arrived at this crucial inflection point., Nature Journal

Sinclairs work on slowing the aging process, and even reversing some aspects of it, could lead to the most significant set of medical breakthroughs since the discovery of antibiotics nearly a century ago., Sydney Morning Herald

"In this insightful and provocative book that asks questions about how we age, and whether humans can overcome decay and degeneration, Sinclair grapples with some of the most fundamental questions around the science of aging. The result is an elegant and exciting book that deserves to be read broadly and deeply." -- Siddhartha Mukherjee, Pulitzer Prizewinning and #1 New York Times bestselling author

There are few books that have ever made me think about science in a fundamentally new way. David Sinclairs book did that for me on aging. This is a book that anyone who ages must read. -- Leroy Hood, PhD, professor at the California Institute of Technology, inventor, entrepreneur, member of all three US National Academies, and co-author of Code of Codes

If you ever wondered how we age, if we can slow or even reverse aging, and if we can live a healthy 100 plus years, then David Sinclairs new bookLifespan, which reads like a detective novel, will guide you through the science and the practical strategies to make your health span equal your lifespan, and make your lifespan long and vibrant. -- Mark Hyman, MD, director of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine and #1 New York Times bestselling author

This is the most visionary book about aging I have ever read.Seize the dayand seize this book! -- Dean Ornish, MD, founder and president of the Preventative Medicine Research Institute and New York Times bestselling author of UnDo It!

In Lifespan, David Sinclair eloquently tells us the secret everyone wants to know: how to live longer and age slower. Boldly weaving cutting-edge science with fascinating bits of history, sociology, and morality, Sinclair convinces us that it is not only possible to live beyond one hundred years, it is inevitable that we will be able to one day do so. If you are someone who wants to know how to beat aging, Lifespan is a must-read. -- William W. Li, MD, New York Times bestselling author of Eat to Beat Disease

For years, the aging field has been about vitamins, juicebars, and snake oil. Now, in a seminal book, Harvard Professor David Sinclair has changed the landscape: he has combined precise science, practical translation, and autobiography to produce a rare book that is insightful, inspiring, and informative. He has translated a wealth of molecular detail into a program that we can all use to live longer and healthier. This is part of the ongoing revolution in aging and chronic disease, and there is no one who is better suited to write such an authoritative book than David Sinclair. For anyone interested in understanding the aging process, living longer, and avoiding the diseases of aging, this is the book to read. -- Dale Bredesen, MD, New York Times bestselling author of The End of Alzheimer's

A visionary book from one of the most masterful longevity scientists of our time. Lifespan empowers us to change our health today while revealing a potential future when we live younger for longer. -- Sara Gottfried, MD, New York Times bestselling author of The Hormone Cure

Prepare to have your mind blown. You are holding in your hands the precious results of decades of work, as shared by Dr. David Sinclair, the rock star of aging and human longevity. -- Dave Asprey, founder and CEO of Bulletproof and New York Times bestselling author of The Bulletproof Diet

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Lifespan: Why We Age_and Why We Don't Have To: David A ...

David Sinclair supplements and protocol explained NMN …

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If you watched any of David Sinclair videos you probably noticed that he looks younger than he actually is. When I saw the video it made me think that this guy must be doing something that works for him. I did some research, and that brought me to his Joe Rogan podcast, where he explains exactly what he is doing to stay young.

I would highly suggest that you go watch the video as he gives out a massive amount of valuable information.

I will first give you an overview of all the things he does and then later try to explain how everything comes together

List of things David Sincalir consumes or does

Sirtuins are genes which protect all organisms from deterioration and disease. NMN and Resveratrol are molecules which essentially mimic the effects of the sirtuin genes.

NMN also boosts NAD levels (which sirtuins need to function)

Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a nucleotide derived from ribose and nicotinamide. Like nicotinamide riboside, NMN is a derivative of niacin, and humans have enzymes that can use NMN to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Formula: C11H15N2O8PMolar mass: 334.2192 g/mol

Resveratrol is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts.

Molar mass: 228.25 g/molFormula: C14H12O3Solubility in water: 0.03 g/LMelting point: 261 to 263 C (502 to 505 F; 534 to 536 K)Appearance: white powder with; slight yellow castSolubility in DMSO: 16 g/L

Metformin, marketed under the trade name Glucophage among others, is the first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, particularly in people who are overweight. It is also used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. It is not associated with weight gain. It is taken by mouth.

Molar mass: 129.1636 g/molFormula: C4H11N5Excretion: Urine (90%)Trade name: Glucophage, otherBioavailability: 5060%Elimination half-life: 48.7 hours

There are 3 pathways related to aging:

Intermittent fasting is an umbrella term for various eating diet plans that cycle between a period of fasting and non-fasting over a defined period. Intermittent fasting is under preliminary research to assess if it can produce weight loss comparable to long-term calorie restriction.

The main idea is that you ideally skip a meal or two, therefore putting your body in a state of starvation which triggers different processes in the body, which are proved to have a broad variety of benefits, some of them include anti ageing benefits.

David recommends performing exercise regularly. He recommends running and doing resistance training.

David especially recommends exposing your body to temperature extremes which force your body to kick start protective mechanisms. He recommends doing a hot sauna immediately followed by cold water submersion.

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David Sinclair supplements and protocol explained NMN ...

#70 – David Sinclair, Ph.D.: How cellular reprogramming could …

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In this episode, David Sinclair, Ph.D., a Professor in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and co-Director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, returns to the podcast to discuss the content of his new book, Lifespan: Why We Age and Why We Dont Have To. This conversation focuses on the biological mechanisms involved in what David terms the Information Theory of Aging which provides insights into the clock that determines our aging and to what degree it can be manipulated. Our discussion on aging of course leads us into interconnected topics of epigenetics, sirtuins, cellular senescence, as well as what compounds David is personally taking for his own longevity. Additionally, we discuss the most up to date information related to NAD and longevity by looking at the potential benefits (if any) of supplemental agents (NAD precursors, NR, NMR, etc.) that pose a promise of increasing NAD.

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The SIR gene silent information regulator is a gene that controls other genes

The SIR enzyme is the master regulator of this cellular survival circuit

Figure 1. When SIR enzyme proteins detect stress in the cell (e.g. DNA breakage) the protein leaves the silent region to go and repair the DNA. When the problem is fixed, it returns to its original post, silencing genes. Image credit: (Alves-Fernandes and Jasiulionis, 2019)

Overtime, in the back-and-forth of repair SIR genes lose track of which genes should be silenced or not

We have some early evidence from mice that we can actually find that hard disk drive and reinstall the software so that its pristine again and we find that we can actually improve the health quite dramatically in parts of a mouses body. David Sinclair, Ph.D

What does Claude Shannons Information Theory of Communication have to do with aging?

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David A. Sinclair, Ph.D. is a Professor in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and co-Director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging.

He is best known for his work on understanding why we age and how to slow its effects. He obtained his Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney in 1995. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher at M.I.T. with Dr. Leonard Guarente where he co-discovered a cause of aging for yeast as well as the role of Sir2 in epigenetic changes driven by genome instability. In 1999 he was recruited to Harvard Medical School where his laboratorys research has focused primarily on understanding the role of sirtuins in disease and aging, with associated interests in chromatin, energy metabolism, mitochondria, learning and memory, neurodegeneration, and cancer. He has also contributed to the understanding of how sirtuins are modulated by endogenous molecules and pharmacological agents such as resveratrol.

Dr. Sinclair is the co-founder of several biotechnology companies (Sirtris, Ovascience, Genocea, Cohbar, MetroBiotech, ArcBio, Liberty Biosecurity) and is on the boards of several others. He is also co-founder and co-chief editor of the journal Aging. His work is featured in five books, two documentary movies, 60 Minutes, Morgan Freemans Through the Wormhole and other media.

He is an inventor on 35 patents and has received more than 25 awards and honors including the CSL Prize, The Australian Commonwealth Prize, Thompson Prize, Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Award, Charles Hood Fellowship, Leukemia Society Fellowship, Ludwig Scholarship, Harvard-Armenise Fellowship, American Association for Aging Research Fellowship, Nathan Shock Award from the National Institutes of Health, Ellison Medical Foundation Junior and Senior Scholar Awards, Merck Prize, Genzyme Outstanding Achievement in Biomedical Science Award, Bio-Innovator Award, David Murdock-Dole Lectureship, Fisher Honorary Lectureship, Les Lazarus Lectureship, Australian Medical Research Medal, The Frontiers in Aging and Regeneration Award, Top 100 Australian Innovators, and TIME magazines list of the 100 most influential people in the world. [medapps.med.harvard.edu] His new book, Lifespan, explains why we age and why we dont have to.

David on LinkedIn: David A. Sinclair, Ph.D. A.O.

David on Twitter: @davidasinclair

David on Instagram: davidsinclairphdDavids book website: lifespanbook.com

BOSTON, MA - MAY 16: David A. Sinclair, Professor of Genetics and Director of the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, poses for a portrait in the lab at Harvard Medical School in Boston on May 16, 2018. (Photo by Craig F. Walker/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)

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David Sinclair on Joe Rogan Podcast – chatting about NMN and …

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Joe Rogan interviewed Dr Sinclair for 2 1/2 hours last week, and aired on his popular podcast on Jan 29th.

We were looking forward to this for weeks, as Dr Sinclair is always a great interview and probably the most knowledgable person on the planet regarding the current state of research on NAD+.

In case youre not that familiar, research with NAD+, and compounds to boost it like NMN and NR, are showing incredible results for health and longevity.

So if you want to be amazed and excited about the potential of stopping, or even reversing damage from aging (who doesnt?) check out Joe and David having a great chat

Heres a few notes taken by our friend David, from the NAD Boosters Facebook group

33:45 The epigenome and the cause of aging. Your DNA contains all your genes and the epigenome controls which genes are actually expressed, so that a liver cell can be a liver cell and a brain cell a brain cell. Over time, cells lose the ability to read the DNA, similar to a laser trying to read a scratched CD. Cells then become dysfunctional. In older people a liver cell might show up in the brain and a brain cell in the kidney, all because its becoming harder to read the CD and the wrong genes are getting expressed. So how do you polish the CD to get the information that was easy to read in your teens and twenties restored again, resetting your age? They havent actually polished the entire CD yet but they are currently working on ways to do this in order to reset the entire epigenome back to a younger age. See further explanation of this further down at 1:51:45. Theyve already figured out how to polish parts of the epigenome and repair tissue.

43 Advances in ability to reprogram the epigenome. Clinical trials in early 2020 will focus on restoring eyesight, repairing spinal injuries and more.

1:45:40 Sinclair has a company called Metro Biotech that makes super NAD Boosters. They are testing this developmental drug (called MIB-626) along with NMN.

1:51:45 New bioage test called the DNA clock. The epigenome changes over time due to methyls that bind to the DNA. The older you get the more methyls you accumulate (sunlight and x-rays are 2 examples of many that cause methyls to bind). Sinclair compares this to scratches on a CD that make the DNA harder to read. These build up over time, causing aging. They can now read the methyls (scratches) on your DNA and give you a precise bioage. Sinclair said they believe that they can now reverse these scratches on the CD. They are testing it now to reprogram the epigenome and re-grow optic nerves as well as reverse glocoma. Published results will be soon. As mentioned clinical trials in early 2020.

1:53:30 Gives a sneak preview they are about to announce a new academy for aging research made up of the top 20 longevity scientists in the world to produce white papers and opinions, sort of like a Manhattan Project for longevity research.

The official notes from the Joe Rogan Podcast:

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David Sinclair on Joe Rogan Podcast - chatting about NMN and ...