The marathon to achieve the promise of quantum computers hasedged a few steps forward as Intel unveils a new chip capable, it believes, of accelerating the process.

Called Horse Ridgeand named after one of the coldest places in Oregon, the system-on-chip can control a total of 128 qubits (quantum bits) which is more than double the number of qubits Intel heralded in its Tangle Lake test chip in early 2018.

While companies like IBM and Microsoft have been leapfrogging each other with systems capable of handling ever greater qubits the breakthrough in this case appears to be an ability to lead to more efficient quantum computers by allowing one chip to handle more tasks. It is therefore a step toward moving quantum computing from the lab and into real commercial viability.

Applying quantum computing to practical problems hinges on the ability to scale, and control, thousands of qubits at the same time with high levels of fidelity. Intel suggests Horse Ridge greatly simplifies current complex electronics required to operate a quantum system.

To recap why this is important lets take it for read that Quantum computing has the potential to tackle problems conventional computers cant by leveraging a phenomena of quantum physics: that Qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously. As a result, they are able to conduct a large number of calculations at the same time.

This can dramatically speed up complex problem-solving from years to a matter of minutes. But in order for these qubits to do their jobs, hundreds of connective wires have to be strung into and out of the cryogenic refrigerator where quantum computing occurs (at temperatures colder than deep space).

The extensive control cabling for each qubit drastically hinders the ability to control the hundreds or thousands of qubits that will be required to demonstrate quantum practicality in the lab not to mention the millions of qubits that will be required for a commercially viable quantum solution in the real world.

Researchers outlined the capability of Horse Ridge in a paper presented at the 2020 International Solid-State Circuits Conference in San Francisco and co-written by collaborators at Dutch institute QuTech.

The integrated SoC design is described as being implemented using Intels 22nm FFL (FinFET Low Power) CMOS technology and integrates four radio frequency channels into a single device. Each channel is able to control up to 32 qubits leveraging frequency multiplexing a technique that divides the total bandwidth available into a series of non-overlapping frequency bands, each of which is used to carry a separate signal.

With these four channels, Horse Ridge can potentially control up to 128 qubits with a single device, substantially reducing the number of cables and rack instrumentations previously required.

The paper goes on to argue that increases in qubit count trigger other issues that challenge the capacity and operation of the quantum system. One such potential impact is a decline in qubit fidelity and performance. In developing Horse Ridge, Intel optimised the multiplexing technology that enables the system to scale and reduce errors from crosstalk among qubits.

While developing control systems isnt, evidently, as hype-worthy as the increase in qubit count has been, it is a necessity, says Jim Clarke, director of quantum hardware, Intel Labs. Horse Ridge could take quantum practicality to the finish line much faster than is currently possible. By systematically working to scale to thousands of qubits required for quantum practicality, were continuing to make steady progress toward making commercially viable quantum computing a reality in our future.

Intels own research suggests it will most likely take at least thousands of qubits working reliably together before the first practical problems can be solved via quantum computing. Other estimates suggest it will require at least one million qubits.

Intel is exploring silicon spin qubits, which have the potential to operate at temperatures as high as 1 kelvin. This research paves the way for integrating silicon spin qubit devices and the cryogenic controls of Horse Ridge to create a solution that delivers the qubits and controls in one package.

Quantum computer applications are thought to include drug development high on the worlds list of priorities just now, logistics optimisation (that is, finding the most efficient way from any number of possible travel routes) and natural disaster prediction.

Read the rest here:
New Intel chip could accelerate the advent of quantum computing - RedShark News

Between tiny AI and unhackable internet, this decade's tech trends will revolutionize the business world.

MIT Technology Review unveiled its top 10 breakthrough technology predictions on Wednesday. The trends--which include hype-inducing tech like quantum computing and unhackable internet--are expected to become realities in the next decade, changing the enterprise and world.

SEE: Internet of Things: Progress, risks, and opportunities (free PDF) (TechRepublic)

While many of the trends have a more scientific background, most can also apply to business, said David Rotman editor at MIT Technology Review.

"Even though some of these sound science-y or research-y, all really do have important implications and business impacts. [For example], unhackable internet," Rotman said. "It's early, but we can all see why that would be a big deal.

"Digital money will change how we do commerce; satellite mega constellations will potentially change how we do communications and the price of communications," Rotman added.The methodology behind determining the breakthrough technologies focused on what writers, editors, and journalists have been reporting on in the past year. All of the technologies are still being developed and improved in labs, Rotman said.

The MIT Technology Review outlined the following 10 most exciting technologies being created and deployed in the next 10 years.

One of the most exciting technologies of the bunch, according to Rotman, quantum supremacy indicates that quantum computers are not only becoming a reality, but the functionality is becoming even more advanced.Murmurs of quantum computer development have floated around the enterprise. The technology is able to process massive computational solutions faster than any supercomputer.

While this form of computing hasn't been widely used yet, it will not only be usable by 2030, but possibly reach quantum supremacy, MIT found.

"Quantum supremacy is the point where a quantum computer can do something that a classical conventional computer cannot do or take hundreds of years for a classical computer to do," Rotman said.

The technology is now getting to the point where people can test them in their businesses and try different applications, and will become more popular in the coming years, Rotman said.

Quantum computers are especially useful for massive scheduling or logistical problems, which can be particularly useful in large corporations with many moving parts, he added.

"Satellites have become so small and relatively cheap that people are sending up whole clusters of these satellites," Rotman said. "It's going to have an enormous impact on communication and all the things that we rely on satellites for."

These satellites could be able to cover the entire globe with high-speed internet. Applications of satellite mega-constellation use are currently being tested by companies including SpaceX, OneWeb, Amazon, and Telesat, according to the report.

Another interesting, and surprising, technology in the study concerned tiny AI. The surprising nature of this comes with how quickly AI is growing, Rotman said.

Starting in the present day, AI will become even more functional, independently running on phones and wearables. This ability would prevent devices from needing the cloud to use AI-driven features, Rotman said.

"It's not just a first step, but it would be an important step in speeding up the search for new drugs," Rotman said.

Scientists have used AI to find drug-like compounds with specific desirable characteristics. In the next three to five years, new drugs might be able to be commercialized for a lesser cost, compared to the current $2.5 billion it takes to currently commercialize a new drug, the report found.

Researchers are now able to detect climate change's role in extreme weather conditions. With this discovery, scientists can help people better prepare for severe weather, according to the report.

In less than five years, researchers will find drugs that treat ailments based on the body's natural aging process, the report found. Potentially, diseases including cancer, heart disease and dementia could be treated by slowing age.

Within five years, the internet could be unhackable, the report found.

Researchers are using quantum encryption to try and make an unhackable internet, which is particularly important as data privacy concerns heighten, Rotman said.

Digital money, also known as cryptocurrency, will become more widely used in 2020. However, the rise of this money will also have major impacts on financial privacy, as the need for an intermediary becomes less necessary, according to the report.

Occupying three trends on the list, medicine is proving to potentially be a huge area for innovation. Currently, doctors and researchers are designing novel drugs to treat unique genetic mutations. These specialized drugs could cure some ailments that were previously uncurable, the report found.

Differential privacy is a technique currently being used by the US government collecting data for the 2020 census. The US Census Bureau has issues keeping the data it collects private, but this tactic helps to anonymize the data, a tactic other countries may also adopt, according to the report.

For more, check out Forget quantum supremacy: This quantum-computing milestone could be just as important on ZDNet.

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Top 10 breakthrough technologies of 2020 - TechRepublic

According to Moore's law, since the introduction of the first semiconductors, the number of transistors on an integrated circuit has doubled approximately once every 18 months.

However, now that transistors are starting to reach near-atomic sizes, their reduction is becoming increasingly problematic, and as such, this doubling effect is beginning to plateau.

One technology research institute, CEA-Leti, is developing techniques to increase the power of semiconductors.

But what are these new technologies and how will they affect modern electronics?

Developers are increasingly searching for efficient ways toreplace portable power sources that require charging or replacement.

However, such a feat is only possible if power can be extracted from the local environment, like in the instance of a device from the University of Massachusetts Amherst that powers small electronics from moisture in the air.

A more conventionalmethod for energy extraction is using the Peltier effect, which requires a heat differential (such as cold air on a warm wrist), but these are often cumbersome and require heat sinks.

Another method is the use of vibration energy from motion, whereby a cantilever vibrates a piezo element, converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy.

Butthese systems are problematic because they are often tuned for one frequency of vibration. This means that their efficiency is only maximized when external mechanical energy is of the same frequency.

This is where CEA-Letis energy harvesting system comes in.

The energy harvesting systemconverts mechanical energy into electrical energy to power an IC. While similar to a cantilever system, which converts mechanical motion into electrical energy using a piezo effect, the cantilever is electrically tunable, allowingit to match its resonant frequency to the peak frequency of the external mechanical force.

Using an adjustable resonant system increases the harvesting bandwidth by 446%from typical cantilever systems and increases energy efficiency by 94%. The energy needed to control the system is two orders of magnitude lower than what the system harvests; the system requires around 1 W while the energy harvested is between 100 W and 1 mW.

While quantum computing will bring some major changes to the field of computation, they are far from becoming commercialized.

Many hurdles, such as low-temperature requirements, make them difficult to put into everyday applications. But one area, in particular, that is problematic is their integration into standard circuitry.

In a study on energy-efficient quantum computing, researchers explain thatqubits, which are bits in superposition states,must be kept well away from external sources of energy. This is becauseany exposure to external energy puts the qubits at risk ofcollapsing their wavefunction. Such sources of energy can include magnetic field fluctuations, electromagnetic energy, and heat (mechanical vibration).

To make things more complicated, quantum computer circuitry is at some point required to interface with traditional electronic circuitry, such as analog and digital circuits. If these circuits are external to the quantum circuitry, then the issue of space and speed become an issue; remote circuitry takes more room, and the distance reduces the speed at which information can be accessed.

To address these issues, CEA-Leti hasdeveloped a quantum computing technology that combines qubits with traditional digital and analog circuitry on the same piece of silicon using standard manufacturing techniques.

The 28 nm FD-SOI process combines nA current-sensing analog circuitry, buffers, multiplexers, oscillators, and signal amplifiers with an on-chip double quantum dot whose operation is not affectedeven when using the traditional circuitry at digital frequencies up to 7 GHz and analog frequencies up to 3 GHz.

The IC, which operates at 110 mK, is able to provide nA current-sensing while operating on a power budget to prevent interference with the quantum dots, which is 40 times lower than competing technologies.

As the number of transistors on a chip increases, the chances of one failing also increases, thusdecreasingthe yield of wafers. One workaround is to make chips smaller and include fewer transistorswhile also connecting multiple chips together, thus increasingthe overall transistor count.

However, PCBs have issues with connecting multiple dies together. These issues may involve limited bandwidth and the inability to integrate other active circuitry required by the dies, such as power regulation.

CEA-Leti hasmade a breakthrough in IC technology with its active interposer layer and 3D stacked chips.

Namely, the team has developed a 96-core processor on six chiplets, 3D stacked on an active interposer.

Just like the PCB topology, CEA-Leti uses a layer with metal interconnects that connect different dies on a single base. Butunlike a PCB, the interconnection layer is a piece of semiconductor only 100 m thick.

What makes the interposer more impressive is that it isactive. It alsohas integrated circuitry, including transistors. Therefore, the interposer can integrate power regulators, multiplexers, and digital processors, meaningthat the diesdirectly attached to the imposers operate at high-speeds. They alsohave all their needed handling circuitry next to them.

The use of the active imposer also means that smaller ICs with reduced transistor counts can be combined to produce complex circuitry.This improves wafer yields, reduces their overall cost, and expands their capabilities.

These three technologies coming out of CEA-Leti give us a glimpse intoa future where ICs may generate their own power oreven be able to integrate quantum circuitry.

The energy harvesting technology may struggle to find its way into modern designs because most portable applications require relatively large amounts of power (compared to 1 mW) and these devices are often stationary.

The use of quantum circuitry with traditional construction techniques means that quantum security (which may become essential) can be integrated into everyday devicessuch as smartphones, tablets, and computers. Until quantum computing becomes commercial, though, this technology will likely remain niche.

Technologies such as the active imposer may be the first technology of the three discussed here to become widespread as it easily solves modern transistor reduction-related issues.

Is there a specific functionality you can't seem to find in an IC? What limitations do you feel are keeping researchers from making your "dream" IC breakthrough? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

See the article here:
IC Breakthroughs: Energy Harvesting, Quantum Computing, and a 96-Core Processor in Six Chiplets - News - All About Circuits

COMPUTING

Inside the Race to Build the Best Quantum Computer on EarthGideon Lichfield | MIT Technology ReviewRegardless of whether you agree with Googles position [on quantum supremacy] or IBMs, the next goal is clear, Oliver says: to build a quantum computer that can do something useful. The trouble is that its nearly impossible to predict what the first useful task will be, or how big a computer will be needed to perform it.

Were Not Prepared for the End of Moores LawDavid Rotman | MIT Technology ReviewQuantum computing, carbon nanotube transistors, even spintronics, are enticing possibilitiesbut none are obvious replacements for the promise that Gordon Moore first saw in a simple integrated circuit. We need the research investments now to find out, though. Because one prediction is pretty much certain to come true: were always going to want more computing power.

Flippy the Burger-Flipping Robot Is Changing the Face of Fast Food as We Know ItLuke Dormehl | Digital TrendsFlippy is the result of the Miso teams robotics expertise, coupled with that industry-specific knowledge. Its a burger-flipping robot arm thats equipped with both thermal and regular vision, which grills burgers to order while also advising human collaborators in the kitchen when they need to add cheese or prep buns for serving.

The Next Generation of Batteries Could Be Built by VirusesDaniel Oberhaus | Wired[MIT bioengineering professor Angela Belcher has] made viruses that can work with over 150 different materials and demonstrated that her technique can be used to manufacture other materials like solar cells. Belchers dream of zipping around in a virus-powered car still hasnt come true, but after years of work she and her colleagues at MIT are on the cusp of taking the technology out of the lab and into the real world.

Biggest Cosmic Explosion Ever Detected Left Huge Dent in SpaceHannah Devlin | The GuardianThe biggest cosmic explosion on record has been detectedan event so powerful that it punched a dent the size of 15 Milky Ways in the surrounding space. The eruption is thought to have originated at a supermassive black hole in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster, which is about 390 million light years from Earth.

Star Treks Warp Speed Would Have Tragic ConsequencesCassidy Ward | SyFyThe various crews ofTreks slate of television shows and movies can get from here to there without much fanfare. Seeking out new worlds and new civilizations is no more difficult than gassing up the car and packing a cooler full of junk food. And they dont even need to do that! The replicators will crank out a bologna sandwich just like mom used to make. All thats left is to go, but what happens then?

Image Credit: sergio souza /Pexels

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This Week's Awesome Tech Stories From Around the Web (Through February 29) - Singularity Hub

MIT is no stranger to technology. It's one of the world's most productive and forward-facing tech research organizations. So when MIT gets excited looking forward, it only makes sense to sneak a peak at what they're seeing. MIT recently just published their top 10 technological breakthroughs for 2020 and just beyond. Below are the first five on their list. Each one is an advance that MIT sees as genuinely changing our lives.

Image source: Umberto/unsplash

MIT says: Later this year, Dutch researchers will complete a quantum internet between Delft and the Hague.

Think of a coin. Lay it flat on a table, and it's either heads and tails. This is more or less how things work in the world at larger scales. To see what things are like at a much smaller, quantum size, spin the coin on the table and observe it from above. From our perspective, the coin's state could then be described as being both head and tails at the same time since it's neither one exactly. Being in this rapidly changing condition is like being in "superposition" in quantum physics.

To see, or measure, the coin's head/tails state at any given moment, you'd have to stop it spinning, perhaps flattening it down to the table, where it would be stopped as either head or tails. Thus measured, the coin would be taken it out of superposition. Just like entangled quantum particles.

In classical computing system, data objects are represented by bits, strings of data comprised of zeros and ones, AKA heads or tails. In the quantum world, however, what needs to be represented is that "spinning coin"of superposition in its as-yet-unresolved state. So quantum computing uses "qubits" instead of bits.

Obviously, being able to represent data with qubits objects that collapse out of superposition if they're intercepted or tampered with is an attractive prospect for an increasingly security-conscious world, a natural foundation on which to build a super-secure quantum internet.

Still, qubits are far more complex than bits, and thus harder to process and exchange. Even worse, as our spinning coin will eventually stop spinning and resolve as heads or tails (Inception aside), qubits lose their superimposition after a while, making retaining and exchanging them in a superimposed a serious challenge. While there are various combinations of classical and quantum internets and encryption keys under consideration and construction, they all share a need for the robust, accurate transmission of qubits over long distances.

Now scientists of the Quantum Internet Alliance initiative have announced that they're in the process of building the world's first purely quantum network. It incorporates new quantum repeaters that allow qubits to be passed along long distances without being corrupted or losing their superposition. The group published a paper last October laying out their vision for an Arpanet-type quantum prototype stretching between Delft and the Hague by the end of this decade. (Here's a great explainer.)

Stephanie Wehner of QuTech, a quantum computing and internet center at Delft University of Technology, is coordinator of the project:

"With this very extensive simulation platform we've recently built, which is now running on a supercomputer, we can explore different quantum network configurations and gain an understanding of properties which are very difficult to predict analytically. This way we hope to find a scalable design that can enable quantum communication across all of Europe."

Image source: National Cancer Institute/unsplash

MIT says: Novel drugs are being designed to treat unique genetic mutations.

Developing treatments for any condition can be difficult and expensive, and it behooves researchers to get the most bang for their buck by concentrating on formulating solutions for diseases that afflict large groups of people. Hand in hand with this is a need for generalized remedies that address characteristics the whole group shares.

This is changing, says MIT, with gene editing offering the potential for transforming medicine from the traditional "one size fits all" approach to a more effective, personalized, or "n-of-1," approach. This new form of medicine involves targeting and manipulation of an individual patient's genes, with the application of rapidly maturing technologies for gene replacement including gene editing, and antisensing that removes or corrects problem-causing genetic messages. "What the treatments have in common," says MIT, "is that they can be programmed, in digital fashion and with digital speed, to correct or compensate for inherited diseases, letter for DNA letter." Treatments may also individually be optimized to avoid contemporary medicine's often harsh side effects.

If gene editing lives up to its promise, medicine is about to become radically more successful and humane.

Image source: Artwell/Shutterstock

MIT says: The rise of digital currency has massive ramifications for financial privacy.

While Bitcoin is, as of this writing, collapsing, it's nonetheless clear that purely digital monetary systems have considerable appeal: No more germ-encrusted metal and paper money, and, perhaps more importantly, an opportunity for governments and their central banks to more closely control currency and to instantly execute monetary policy changes.

The truth is we've been halfway there for a long time, currencies such as Bitcoin and Libra notwithstanding. The money in our bank accounts is virtual we personally possess no plies of physical cash at our local bank. Electronic purchasing with credit and debit cards is the norm for most of us, and when large movements of cash occur between banks, they do so in the digital domain. It's all been mostly bytes and bits for some time. What we currently have is a mish-mash of physical and digital money, and MIT predicts the imminent arrival of purely digital monetary systems. (Buh-bye, folding money and pocket change.)

In 2014, China began quietly exploring and building their Digital Currency/Electronic Payments system, or DC/EP. According to OZY, they've already applied for 84 patents for various innovations their new system requires.

One of China's goals is to construct an on-ramp making it easy for citizens to switch to an all-digital system. "Virtually all of these patent applications," Marc Kaufman of Rimon Law, tells OZY, "relate to integrating a system of digital currency into the existing banking infrastructure." The country's developing systems that allow people to swap traditional money for digital currency, as well chip card and digital wallets from which the currency may be spent.

Clearly, an all-digital monetary system presents privacy issues, since all of one's money would presumably be visible to governmental agencies unless adequate privacy protections are implemented. Developing that protection is going to require a deeper exploration of privacy itself, a discussion that has been overdue since the dawn of the internet.

Image source: Halfpoint/Shutterstock

MIT says: Drugs that try to treat ailments by targeting a natural aging process in the body have shown promise.

Strides are being made toward the production of new drugs for conditions that commonly accompany getting older. They don't stop the aging process, but the hope is that in the next five years, scientists may be able to delay some of aging's effects.

Senolytics are a new form of drugs under development that are designed to clean out unwanted stuff that often accumulates in us as we age. These senescent cells can wind up as plaque on brain cells, and as deposits that cause inflammation inhibiting healthy cell maintenance, and leaving toxins in our bodies.

While trials by San Franciscobased Unity Biotechnology are now underway for a senolytic medication targeting osteoarthritis of the knee, MIT notes that other aging-related ailments are getting a promising fresh look as well. For example, one company, Alkahest, specializing in Parkinson's and dementia, is investigating the extraction of certain components of young people's blood for injection into Alzheimer's patients in the hopes of arresting cognitive and functional decline (Oh, hi, Keith Richards.). And researchers at Drexel University College of Medicine are investigating the use of an existing drug, rapamycin, as an anti-aging skin creme.

Image source: Sharon Pittaway/unsplash

MIT says: Scientists have used AI to discover promising drug-like compounds.

Drugs are built from compounds, combinations of molecules that together produce some sort of medically useful effect. Scientists often find that known compounds can have surprising medical value recent research found that 50 non-cancer drugs can fight cancer in addition to their previously known uses.

But what about new compounds? MIT notes there may be as many as 1060 molecule combinations yet to be discovered, "more than all the atoms in the solar system."

AI can help. It can sift through molecule properties recorded in existing databases to identify combinations that may have promise as drugs. Operating much more quickly and inexpensive than humans can, machine learning techniques may revolutionize the search for new medicines.

Researchers at Hong Kongbased Insilico Medicine and the University of Toronto announced last September that AI algorithms had picked out about 30,000 unexplored molecule combinations, eventually winnowing that list down to six especially promising new medical compounds. Synthesis and subsequent animal testing revealed one of them to be especially interesting as a drug. One out of six out of 30,000 may not seem that impressive, but AI and machine learning are quickly evolving.

MIT predicts that in 3-5 years, such investigations will be regularly bearing fruit.

The other five items on MIT's list are:

6. Satellite mega-constellations7. Quantum supremacy8. Tiny AI9. Differential privacy10. Climate change attribution

Related Articles Around the Web

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MITs Top 5 tech breakthroughs for 2020 - Big Think

Global Quantum Computing for Enterprise Market 2020-2025

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Few Points From TOC:1 Scope of the Report2 Executive Summary3 Global Quantum Computing for Enterprise by Players4 Quantum Computing for Enterprise by RegionsContinued

About Us:With unfailing market gauging skills, Orbis Market Reports has been excelling in curating tailored business intelligence data across industry verticals. Constantly thriving to expand our skill development, our strength lies in dedicated intellectuals with dynamic problem solving intent, ever willing to mold boundaries to scale heights in market interpretation.

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Global Quantum Computing for Enterprise Market is said to have a potential scope for growth in the years by 2025- 1QB Information Technologies,...

By Adrian ChoMar. 1, 2020 , 12:12 PM

Citing thegrowing threat of the coronavirus, the American Physical Society (APS), the 55,000 member professional society for physicists and researchers in associated fields, cancelled its largest meeting of the year just 34 hours before it was supposed to begin. APSs March Meeting was to be held this week at the Colorado Convention Center in Denver, and the society anticipated more than 10,000 people from all over the world would attend. However, late yesterday, APS issued a statementabruptly calling off the meeting.

The decision to cancel was based on the latest scientific data being reported, and the fact that a large number of attendees at this meeting are coming from outside the U.S., including countries where the virus is circulating and for which the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have advised people to avoid non-essential travel, the APS statement says. [T]his decision was made out of deep concern for the health and well-being of our registrants, staff, vendors, and the Denver community.

Unfortunately for many researchers, the notice came only after theyd arrived in Denver.Holy sh*t! #apsmarch meeting is cancelled!,tweeted Kees Storm, an expert in the theory of polymers and soft matter from Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands. 1000s of people must already be here in Denver, this is major. No idea what I should do now; already here and all booked for a whole week... He later tweeted that he had calmed down and was able to book an earlier flight home.

Others worried about the costs, especially for the thousands of graduate students who typically give contributed talks at the meeting.I understand their decision, but horrible timing,tweeted Una Goncin, a graduate student at the University of Saskatchewan. I feel esp sorry for all the grad students who will have to pay out of pocket for this! APS says it will refund the conference registration fees, which can range up to $695 dollars for regular members and $305 for graduate-student members, and will try to help registrants recoup fees for unused hotel reservations.

Generally, physicists in Denver and elsewhere appeared to be trying to make the best of the situation, with many proposing to post talks on the internet.Maybe this can also become a thing[for future meetings] and we can help those unable to travel and also reduce some carbon output, tweeted Christopher Savoie, cofounder and CEO of Zapata Computing, a quantum computing company spun out of Harvard University.

APS leadership now faces a similar decision for its other big annual confab, the somewhat smaller April Meeting, which is scheduled for 18-21 April in Washington, DC. Elsewhere in the world, the coronovirus outbreak has already snarled research, causing the cancellation or postponement of meetings and research efforts.

Go here to read the rest:
Coronavirus just caused the American Physical Society to cancel its biggest meeting of the year - Science Magazine

The informal TechCrunch book club reads Ted Chiangs The Great Silence

This week, we read a very short story, The Great Silence, as we start to head toward the end of Ted Chiangs Exhalation collection. This story asks questions about how we connect with nature, and also how to think about innovation and where new ideas come from.

We will finish the remaining two stories in the collection in the coming week, and then it will be time (sadly!) to change books. Ill announce the next book in the book club hopefully shortly.

Some further quick notes:

This is a quite short story with a simple message. The narrator is a parrot discussing humanitys quest to seek out artificial life elsewhere in the universe. The parrot, observing these actions, reflects on why humanity spends so much time looking for intelligence elsewhere, when it itself is intelligent, and located right next to us. The devastating line Chiang delivers comes toward the end:

But parrots are more similar to humans than any extraterrestrial species ever will be, and humans can observe us up close; they can look us in the eye. How do they expect to recognize an alien intelligence if all they can do is eavesdrop from a hundred light-years away?

The author offers us some obvious points to think about around environmental destruction and species extinction, and those are obvious enough that I think any reader can sort of surmise how the story connects to those issues.

So I want to instead connect this discussion to a theme dear to the heart of TechCrunch readers, and that is the quest for science and innovation.

To me, Chiang isnt just criticizing our disdain for the animal species around us, but is also critiquing an innovation community that constantly strives for the big and shiny discoveries when so many smaller and local discoveries have yet to be made.

We invest billions of dollars into satellites and telescopes and radar arrays hoping to capture some fleeting glimpse into an alien world somewhere in the galaxy. And yet, there are deeply alien worlds all around us. Its not just parrots Earth is filled with species that are incredibly different from us in physiology, behavior, and group dynamics. What if the species most alien to our own in the whole galaxy is located right under our noses?

Of course, there would be huge headlines in finding even a single-celled organism on another planet (assuming there was even some way to detect such life in the first place). But that is precisely the type of narrow-minded, novelty-seeking behavior that Chiang is pointing out here.

Nonetheless, innovation can be a weird beast. It isnt hard to look around the Valley these days and be dismayed at just how adrift a huge part of the industry is. We are creating more smart products than ever, yet huge social challenges and scientific frontiers remain completely unfunded. Its easier to raise funding to start up an upgraded handbag company with a new brand and marketing strategy than it is to build an engineering team to push quantum computing forward.

There are certainly many valid arguments for moving our money to more worthwhile pursuits. Yet, fresh ideas that change industries can sometimes come from the oddest places, with even frivolous products occasionally creating fundamental advances in technology. Facebook as a social network might be a time sink for its users, but its huge scale also triggered all kinds of new data center infrastructure technologies that have been widely adopted by the rest of the tech industry. Solving a frivolous problem became the means to solving a problem of more depth.

In the end, you need to seek answers. Dont overlook the obvious around us or get inured to the quotidian challenges that may just be the fount of innovation. Maybe figuring out the communication of parrots does nothing for us. Or maybe, exploring that area will open up whole new ideas for how to communicate and understand the neural patterns of speech. We cant know until we tread along the path.

Now, to take one aside before we close out: Exhalation is a collection of previously-published short stories, but Chiang manages to work in his arch-symbol of breath and air into this piece in a fairly tight way:

Its no coincidence that aspiration means both hope and the act of breathing.

When we speak, we use the breath in our lungs to give our thoughts a physical form. The sounds we make are simultaneously our intentions and our life force.

Its a symbol we saw most substantively in Exhalation (the short story itself, not this whole collection) which we talked about a few posts ago. Its a gorgeous little motif, and Chiang nicely embeds it to create an empathetic connection between humans and animals.

For the next and penultimate short story Omphalos, here are some questions to think about as you read the story.

Continued here:
Why you cant overlook the small details in the pursuit of innovation - TechCrunch

The future is here. Or just about. After a number of discoveries, researchers have proven that quantum computing is possible and on its way. The wider world did not pause long on this discovery: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Google, and IBM have just announced their own intentions to embark on their own quantum developments.

Now that its within our reach we have to start seriously considering what that means in the real world. Certainly, we all stand to gain from the massive benefits that quantum capabilities can bring, but so do cybercriminals.

Scalable quantum computing will defeat much of modern-day encryption, such as the RSA 2048 bit keys, which secure computer networks everywhere. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology says as much, projecting that quantum in this decade will be able to break the protocols on which the modern internet relies.

The security profession hasnt taken the news lying down either. Preparations have begun in earnest. The DigiCert 2019 Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Survey aimed to examine exactly how companies were doing. Researchers surveyed 400 enterprises, each with 1,000 or more employees, across the US, Germany and Japan to get answers. They also conducted a focus group of nine different IT managers to further reveal those preparations.

SEE ALSO:DevSecOps Panel Best DevOps Security Practices & Best Tools

An encouraging development is that 35 percent of respondents already have a PQC budget, and a further 56 percent are discussing one in their organisations. Yet, many are still very early in the process of PQC planning. An IT manager within a manufacturing company said, We have a budget for security overall. Theres a segment allotted to this, but its not to the level or expense that is appropriate and should be there yet.

The time to start preparing, including inquiring of your vendors readiness for quantum computing threats, is now. One of the respondents, an IT Security manager at a financial services company, told surveyors, Were still in the early discussion phases because were not the only ones who are affected. There are third party partners and vendors that were in early discussions with on how we can be proactive and beef up our security. And quantum cryptology is one of the topics that we are looking at.

Others expanded upon that, noting that their early preparations heavily involve discussing the matter with third parties and vendors. Another focus group member, an IT manager at an industrial construction company, told the group, We have third party security companies that are working with us to come up with solutions to be proactive. So obviously, knock on wood, nothing has happened yet. But we are definitely always proactive from a security standpoint and were definitely trying to make sure that were ready once a solution is available.

Talking to your vendors and third parties should be a key part of any organisations planning process. To that end, organisations should be checking whether their partners will keep supporting and securing customers operations into the age of quantum.

The data itself was still at the centre of respondents minds when it came to protection from quantum threats, and when asked what they were focusing on in their preparations, respondents said that above all they were monitoring their own data. One respondent told us, The data is everything for anybody thats involved in protecting it. And so you just have to stay on top of it along with your vendors and continue to communicate.

One of the prime preparatory best practices that respondents called upon was monitoring. Knowing what kind of data flows within your environment, how its used and how its currently protected are all things that an enterprise has to find out as they prepare.

SEE ALSO:As quantum computing draws near, cryptography security concerns grow

To be sure, overhauling an enterprises cryptographic infrastructure is no small feat, but respondents listed understanding their organisations level of crypto agility as a priority. Quantum might be a few years off, but becoming crypto agile may take just as long.

Organisations will have to plan for a system which can easily swap out, integrate and change cryptographic algorithms within an organisation. Moreover, it must be able to do so quickly, cheaply and without any significant changes to the broader system. Practically, this means installing automated platforms which follow your cryptographic deployments so that you can remediate, revoke, renew, reissue or otherwise control any and all of your certificates at scale.

Many organisations are still taking their first tentative steps, and others have yet to take any. Now is the time for organisations to be assessing their deployments of crypto and digital certificates so they have proper crypto-agility and are ready to deploy quantum-resistant algorithms soon rather than being caught lacking when it finally arrives.

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The view of quantum threats from the front lines - JAXenter

WASHINGTON, February 21, 2020 - U.S. Chief Technology Officer Michael Kratsios expressed confidence in the supremacy of the U.S.s artificial intelligence and quantum computing programs over Chinas, in a talk at the Hudson Institute on Thursday.

United States research on AI and quantum computing features the most highly cited papers, most investment by the private sector, and greatest government funding, he said.

This assertion challenges the Made in China 2025 Initiative, a 10-year plan that China issued in 2015, and which outlined 10 key tech industries in which China hopes to become a world leader.

Recent progress by the Chinese government in the field of high-speed fiber-optic broadband, AI and surveillance have fueled some analysts fears that the Chinese will hit their targets.

Kratsios laid out four key components of a winning tech strategy in which the U.S. excels: Leadership development, a low-regulatory environment, a belief in the power of the citizen workforce, and international engagement with allies.

Kratsios referenced two specific examples to bolster his argument. He mentioned how Trump committed to at least $200 million for STEM education last year, and how American corporations came more than matched that figure by donating $300 million.He also recounted the story that he said put America at the head of the pack in the quantum supremacy race. The story bears upon the uniting of resources invested by the U.S. government in the Quantum Lab at UC Santa Barbara with Googles subsequent acquisition of the lab and connection of that research team to its treasure trove of resources.

Its not a James Bond/Jason Borne crossover, but the concept of quantum supremacy is vital for national security, Kratsios said. America has only achieved it through a free market of ideas involving prudent government investing and private sector intervention.

Governmental funding and R&D are unique in that they fill the gaps that the private sector doesnt focus on.

Kratsios elaborated that the government tends to invest in early-stage, pre-competitive R&D which it expects the private sector to nurture and raise into a mature industry, such as in the case of the UCSB Quantum Lab.

Kratsios also gave made some comments on the proposals that the EU released Wednesday regarding AI and data. He characterized their approach to AI as values-based, and worried that they do not prioritize implementation.

Kratsios also found fault with the documents binary approach to classifying AI as high risk or not high risk, saying the report clumsily attempts to bucket AI-powered technology into two camps when there should be more spectrum and flexibility in the model.

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U.S. Progress on AI and Quantum Computing Will Best China, Says CTO Michael Kratsios - BroadbandBreakfast.com