What Does Woke Mean in Politics?

Provided by The Mary Sue WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - JUNE 14: Protestors march down Willis Street during a protest in support of the Black Lives Matter movement on June 14, 2020 in Wellington, New Zealand. The event in Wellington was organised in solidarity with protests in the United States following the killing of an unarmed black man George Floyd at the hands of a police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images)

Every quarter, researchers at the Oxford English Dictionary survey the landscape and add new words to what is considered the standard dictionary by which we should abide. One of the words added in recent years is woke, which youre no doubt familiar with, but lets talk about what it really means and where it came from.

The latest OED update occurred in September of 2022, when terms like side hustlen.U.S.colloquial(originally in African-American usage) a part-time job or occupation undertaken in addition to ones main job in order to earn extra income)were added, and updates to words like influencern. A well-known or prominent person who uses the internet or social media to promote or generate interest in products, often for paymentwere implemented.

While there are many conflicting ideas as to whether or not slang belongs in the official dictionary, there is a clear process for how these words are added. The vigorous vetting process can see hundreds to thousands of words considered every quarter, and the underlying criteria are usage and consensusbut we have to remain cognizant of usage by whom.

Side hustle, for example, is a term thats been used in the Black community for decades, but was only added to the dictionary this year. Is that an inherent problem on its own? No, but it must be noted that when other communities besides Black people started using the term, only then was it deemed valid enough. This comes on the heels of people misappropriating African American Vernacular English (AAVE), as internet slang on TikTok to the point where Henry Louis Gates Jr. will be tackling an Official AAVE Dictionary With Oxford Dictionary.

Interesting, but were here to talk about woke.

woke, adjective: Originally: well-informed, up-to-date. Now chiefly: alert to racial or social discrimination and injustice; frequently instay woke.

Though created nearly 100 hundred years ago by Black Americans to warn each other about racist violence, the word is now mainly used derisively by conservative voices who oppose the emancipation of marginalized groups.

Woke was one of the words added to the OED in 2017, and you would think that being alert to racial or social discrimination and injustice would be a good thing, but conservatives and Republicans have not had a good nights rest since. I would, in turn, make the argument that the word itself has undergone such an intense shift since 2017 that its due to for an update.

Prior to 2014, if you asked a person outside of the Black community what that word meant, theyd have no clue. Woke, as a political concept, came into mainstream consciousness in 2014, largely connected to Ferguson and the killing of Mike Brown. In that instance, stay woke become linked to the Black Lives Matter Movement and police brutality, but in actuality, the word has been used to refer to some level of Black consciousness since the 20th century.

The earliest documented contemporary reference comes from Jamaican political activist and philosopher Marcus Garvey, in 1923, through a collection of ideas in which he urged the black diaspora to Wake Up! and have a degree of social and political awareness Garvey. The word then popped back up in a 1938 song called Scottsboro Boys by Blues musician Lead Belly. It described how a group of nine Black teenagers where accused of raping two white women in 1931. In the song, Belly directly uses stay woke as an call for Black Americans to be aware of white supremacists amongst them.

The term emerged once again in a 1962 piece published by The New York Times, written by William Melvin Kelly, entitled If Youre Woke You Dig It; No mickey mouse can be expected to follow todays Negro idiom without a hip assist. If Youre Woke You Dig It. The piece does not not give a definition of woke but rather examines the role language plays in the discourse.

The piece speaks to the ever shifting nature of Black vernacular, and being woke must include gatekeeping Black English from white audiences that would choose to exploit itand so said so done. An AAVE dictionary might sound like a good idea in theory, but with the amount of people that often misuse and appropriate it on social media, they might have to put a bit more thought into that one, because not everything should be accessible to the masses.

In one of his seminars, Kelly said, I would say there were two languages that were created by African Americans. One that is being created so that African people could communicate with European people and another language for African people to communicate with other African people. I imagine that at that point, English was the common language that we were using. So, OK, we would use English words, but we use them in an African way. That process takes a long time Its a question that African Americans will have to answer. Do we let it die out and learn standard English, or do we keep them both and develop a language and literature in both?

Though the loose idea can be traced back to Garvey, its contemporary usage stems from Kelly, which is why in 2014 the OED credited him with the coining of the term as its used today. According to Kelly, Black Americans have always had to engage with coded language since slavery to protect themselves and to communicate with one another. If your master did not know what you were talking about, he could not punish you, and you could maintain your ignorance and innocence.

With the advent of social media and speed at which information travels, it seems like this mindset is on its way to being obsolete.

The the most literal form of the wordslang for trying not to sleepspread through Black jazz music in the 60s, but its political meaning was once again brought to the forefront by Erykha Badus rendition of Master Teacher, originally sung by Georgia Anne Muldrow.

Even if yo baby aint got no money

To support ya baby, you

(I stay woke)

Even when the preacher tell you some lies

And cheatin on ya mama, you stay woke

(I stay woke)

Even though you go through struggle and strife

To keep a healthy life, I stay woke

(I stay woke)

Everybody knows a black or white, theres

Creatures in every shape and size

(I stay woke)

Thus began its use on social media, as #staywoke in conjunction with #blacklivesmatter.

The term blew into the mainstream mainstream with Jordan Peeles Get Out, the opening of which features the hit Redbone by Childish Gambino. On the surface, the song references a cheating partner, but when played in the context of a film like Get Out, where the main character has to literally stay awake in order to mitigate white violence, the track harkens back to the political side of the coin.

As with many things, when something starts to gain popularity, its detractors will be waiting in the wings. Once presented to a white audience, it wasnt long before critics began to take shots at woke culture and misrepresenting a term that originated from the protection of Black people into cancel culture. Some people viewed the term as performative, nothing but a Twitter hashtag that had no real bearing on the outsidean uninformed opinion, but one that spread like wildfire, as they often do.

Before long, cries about the woke mob (a leftist entity designed to tear down the lives of conservativessarcasm, if you didnt catch it) began to overshadow the original meaning. Suddenly, people everywhere were petrified of being canceled by said mob, which leads me to a tangent.

Cancel, another Black term that was co-opted, bastardized, and turned into a culture, is wokes fraternal twin. Cancel Culture generally refers to the ending of ones career through people getting angry on Twitter. (Theres that sarcasm again.) This usually happens when some aspect of said persons personality is brought to light, e.g. racism, homophobia, or transphobia. Im pretty sure youve already heard it, but if not, heres for the people in the back: Cancel Culture doesnt exist.

Someone getting rightfully called out for bigoted comments isnt canceling them; its holding them accountable and, in most cases, it doesnt mean anything. J.K. Rowling comes out every two business days to remind us of how transphobic she is, and shes still a billionaire and able to publish books just fine, and Netflix told us how they feel about Dave Chapelles transphobia, as well. If anything, its the marginalized communities that speak up who end up loosing things.

And when it comes to powerful people that have been actually canceled with the help of social media, its only some sexual predators, i.e. Harvey Weinstein and Bill Cosby. Why would you want either of those people back?

The battle over the word woke is about more than language or a simple misunderstanding. Its a right-wing dog whistle to stifle discussion about institutional injustice. At the end of the day, all of this leads back to racism and anti-blackness. It was once called PC Culture, but in the contemporary discourse, wokeness has become inextricable from blackness. Therefore, when conservative pundits are fear-mongering over cancel culture and the woke mob, the dog whistles can be heard from a mile away. Today, woke is already seen as cringe by non-Black progressives, while its still being used in some Black communities in the hopes of restoring its original meaningwhile, as Kelly said, theres already something new to replace it.

(featured image via CNN)

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What Does Woke Mean in Politics?