Monthly Archives: January 2021

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Market Application 2020, Drive System, Structure, Type, Product and Region Global Forecast to 2026 – The…

Posted: January 17, 2021 at 9:10 am

FNF Research (fnfresearch.com) offering a comprehensive analysis of the Updated Latest Report 2020 [2020-2026] Complementary and Alternative Medicine Market Report by Quantitative Research Incorporating Impact Of Economic And Non-economic Aspects where users can benefit from the complete market research report with all the required useful information about this market. Based on the Complementary and Alternative Medicine market development status, competitive landscape, and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks, and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail.

The report also focuses on the major driving trends and challenges that affect the market and the vendor landscape. The report explains the competitive landscape and current trends in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine market. The report concludes with an analysis of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine vendor landscape and includes detailed profiles of the major players in the global Complementary and Alternative Medicine market.

According to the research report, Global complementary and alternative medicine market to grow at a CAGR of 16.8% and is predicted to grow over USD 190 Billion by 2026. Alternative medicine is a term that refers to medicines that do not establish standard medicines but are used in combination with standard clinical medicines.

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The FREE Sample Report Includes:

This report highlights the current and future market potential for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and provides a detailed analysis of the competitive environment, regulatory scenario, drivers, restraints, opportunities, and trends in the market. The report also covers market projections through 2026, as well as key market players.

What benefits does FNF research study is going to provide?

Key Highlights of the Table of Contents:

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Segment Analysis:

Analysis of the market segment includes the two major product and service categories as well as the end-user. Such a segmentation enables a granular view of the market that is needed to understand the finer nuances.

NOTE: **Our analysts monitoring the situation across the globe explains that the market will generate remunerative prospects for producers post the COVID-19 crisis. The report aims to provide an additional illustration of the latest scenario, economic slowdown, and COVID-19 impact on the overall industry.**

The report also includes a discussion on the major players in each regional market for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. It explains the main market drivers of the global Complementary and Alternative Medicine market, current trends within the industry; and the regional dynamics of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine market.

The report concludes with detailed profiles of major global vendors in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine industry.

Deepure Plus

Columbia Nutritional Inc

Herbal Hills

Helio USA Inc

Nordic Naturals

Herb Pharm

Pure Encapsulations Inc

Report Includes:

A comprehensive analysis of the global markets for the report within the industry and its sub-segments

Analyses of the global market trends, with data from 2018, 2020, estimates for 2020, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2026

Competitive landscape featuring major market participants of the global Complementary and Alternative Medicine industry, and Porters Five Forces analysis considering both the micro and macro environmental factors prevailing in the market

Detailed insights into factors driving and restraining the growth of the global Complementary and Alternative Medicine market

Company profiles of the market-leading participants

Scope of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Market Report:

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Market Historic Data (2020-2026):

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Market Forecast (2020-2026):

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Research Coverage:

The Complementary and Alternative Medicine market has been segmented based on offering, technology, end-use application, and end-user. It also provides a detailed view of the market across four main regions: North America, Europe, APAC, and RoW.

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine Market Application 2020, Drive System, Structure, Type, Product and Region Global Forecast to 2026 - The...

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COVID denialism and the Alberta context – CBC.ca

Posted: at 9:10 am

In the summer, with half of Memorial Drive in Calgary shut down to traffic, a group of protesters set up near the Peace Bridge to draw attention toa bewildering array of grievances. One sign attacked Justin Trudeau, another warned of 5G networks, some supported oil and gas, while others cautioned against "chemtrails."

But the main thrust of the gathering was to oppose COVID-19 restrictions, masks and vaccines.

As the pandemic dragged on, that group morphed and found new stomping grounds in front of Calgary City Hall. Coalescing around the banner of "freedom," they railed against government COVID-19 lockdowns, mask laws and public health measures. They marched through downtown Calgary with signs that proclaimed them lions, not sheep.

Alternative medicine hippies strode alongside yellow vesters in what at first seemed an odd countercultural pairingbut is a natural alliance based on a shared distrust of governments, health mandates, corporations and more.

The reason for their unity lies deep in our evolutionary history and the brute force of societal shifts that are shaking civilizational foundations.

Those forces have conspired to make Alberta a prime breeding ground for the kind of conspiratorial thinking on display, which pulls nuggets of truth from the flurry of science in real time and contorts it into a narrative of oppression. It is a near-perfect storm for the small minority caught up in it.

The question is: how did they find themselves in its path?

Humans have evolved to be really good at fitting into groups. Our malleable brains can adapt beliefs in order to thrive within our given tribe. But that sort of cognitive wiring can lead us astray.

Adrian Bardon, a philosophy professor at Wake Forest University in North Carolina and the author of The Truth About Denial: Bias and Self-Deception in Science, Politics and Religion, has obviously spent some time thinking about how these sorts of movements come to be.

Writing in The Conversation, he says although the phenomena of denialism is "many and varied," the story behind it is "quite simple."

"Human cognition is inseparable from the unconscious emotional responses that go with it," he writes.

"Under the right conditions, universal human traits like in-group favouritism, existential anxiety and a desire for stability and control combine into a toxic, system-justifying identity politics."

It's why protesters against Trudeau and 5G and chemtrails and, and, and ... all came to march under the same banner, protesting public health measures supported by growing scientific consensus.

Speaking to CBC News, Bardon specifically breaks down the current storm over pandemic responses and says the combination of economic threats, politicization by elites and the visual/visceral effect of masks is a fearsome combination for fuelling science denialism and ideological polarization.

"It starts with the lack of trust, and then the reasons for the lack of trust comes next, and then you're already in an ideological community," he says.

"And then that explains why your community is all of one voice on what the story is, but this story is made up. The reaction comes first, and then you rationalize the reaction."

He sayscovering faces interferes with one of the most fundamental ways we interpret other people, but creates a new signal.

"At this point, after the politicization of it, not wearing a mask is immediately understood by the mask-wearing people to be a statement, and wearing the mask is an accusation. And it creates this incredibly toxic environment," he says.

There's also no better metaphor for a muzzle than something really darn close to a muzzle.

With the science around COVID-19 evolving in real time and government's struggling to keep up and keep track, the stage is set for our minds to fill in the gaps.

Another person who's spent some time thinking about the current moment is Steven Taylor, a professor of psychiatry at the University of British Columbia and the author of The Psychology of Pandemics.

Taylor says one major issue is the lack of scientific literacy in the world and the belief by many that "science is really no different from opinion."

Among those of a conspiratorial nature, there is also often an urge to feel special, he says, and possessing what you believe to be secret knowledge can be a big boost.

"It's going to feed your self-esteem," says Taylor.

Quirks and Quarks16:27Why Conspiracy theorists are more likely to see patterns in a painting like this

It works in tandem with a phenomenon known as psychological reactance, which Taylor describes as a "kind of allergic reaction to being told what to do."

"So if I came up to a person like that, and started to explain why I thought masks were effective, two things would happen," says Taylor.

"First, they would get very angry, and second, they would start to automatically generate reasons for themselves as to why masks are ineffective. So my strategy would backfire if I tried to directly confront them."

That, along with the fact that the vast majority of people support wearing masks, is why Taylor doesn't think governments should mandate their use.

Adding to the mix are the sometimes confusing debates and changing recommendations about public health that have allowed a wide opening for doubters and reactionaries.

All of those factors combine to make Alberta prime breeding ground for COVID denialism.

The first thing to note is that the protests against lockdowns and masks in Alberta are small. This does not represent the majority.

But still, there is a vocal core group that isn't going to go away and that has at points drawn bigger crowds thanmany expected. Recent polling, too, has suggested Albertans are the least likely Canadians to consider getting the COVID-19 vaccine as quickly as possible, if at all.

Bardon notes that denial of science rears its head pretty forcefully when the economy is threatened something that has been fraying nerves in Alberta long before the pandemic brought government shutdowns.

There is anxiety about income, about empty office towers in Calgary, about the continued existence of the oil and gas industry that once seemed a limitless well of wealth.

The economic powerhouse of Canada is sputtering and many look at a sort of global network of elites and their war on global warming as a major factor in its demise. Some of the same protesters that were out in yellow vests calling Trudeau a traitor while sporting "I Love Alberta Oil and Gas" sweaters are now out calling for an end to lockdowns as another elite attack.

Many in the province feel powerless in the face of global forces that have battered their world, and that leads them to reach for the comforts of a group and a belief system that nourishes them.

When Trudeau was re-electedin 2019, Albertanshad voted in droves for the Conservative opposition and the reaction to the minority government was angry.

Separatists were emboldened and started drawing more attention and crowds, attempting to walk off with a province because they disagreed with the outcome of a democractic election.

Sprinkle in some good old-fashioned Alberta myth-making, like the maverick spirit, egalitarianism and the belief that Albertans share a full-throttled libertarian-tinged conservatism, and the recipe is nearly complete.

With the addition of a provincial government that has preached personal responsibility, provided mixed messages, resisted some health measures and recently saw MLAs and cabinet ministers ignore the government's own travel advice, the meal is cooked.

It's not a stretch to see why many in the province feel left behind, without agency. That's something Bardon says is the very core of anxiety.

"You feel anxious, and then you look for something to project that on. Conspiracy theorists latch on to the conspiracy they just ran across, and if your community already has some preconceived notions as to what the threat is out there, you latch on to that," he says.

If you give yourself a story, it gives back.

That's not the way some in the protests see it, though.

Jake Eskesen is an organizer with Freedom Walk Calgary, which recently branched off from Walk for Freedom over an internal dispute.

Speaking just before Christmas, he says the weekly protests are about, well, freedom.

"We're standing, basically for our constitutional rights, which are currently being infringed upon by the government," says Eskesen, who previously organized events for what he calls the Alberta independence movement.

Personally, he doesn't think the COVID-19 statistics including death rates and hospitalizations justify the measures being taken by governments to restrict freedoms and the ability of people to earn a living.

He gets his information from places like Post Millennial and The Rebel and also directly from Alberta Health Services statistics, while largely shunning mainstream news which he feels is trying to sell one narrow narrative. The government, he says, is the enemy.

Eskesen possesses a complete certainty that his views are correct, while questioning every study, every public health recommendation, the way COVID tests are conducted and more.

He, like 20 per cent of Alberta respondents to a recent poll, says he would not get the vaccine until he's convinced it's safe and that would take a lot, he says.

In short, Eskesen has a high threshold for science to convince him that the virus is serious and the measures in place help fight it are worthwhile. Everywhere he looks he sees a lack of the kind of evidence he would need to change his mind even if his own convictions are based on less and often on misinformation or misinterpretation.

Yet he acknowledges that everyone pre-forms opinions and that they're "looking for information to support it." He says it's important to step back and honestly ask yourself whether bias is getting in the way of clearly understanding an issue.

So does he ever worry that maybe he's wrong and his actions are putting other people in harm's way?

"No. No, not at all."

We live now, for better or for worse, in a world of narratives. Storylines that carry us in their wake in a way that has never existed before, at least not to this extent.

Information overload, anxiety, rapidly changing technologies and societies have left people clambering for support and anchors. For answers to those empty pits in their stomachs and relief from constricted chests.

The more complex the world becomes, the more our prehistoric cerebral architecture kicks in, forcing our flexible thought processes into groupthink of one kind or another and further erecting barriers to thinking that threatens it.

We see the results in some dramatic ways, like the storming of the U.S. Capitol building last week. But also in smaller ways like the weekly marches through downtown Calgary.

But that's not to say it's all based on a lie, even if much of it is.

The official narrative is something that should never be considered sacrosanct, but neither should some of its conspiracy-laden counterparts.

So although COVID tests do, indeed, test for COVID, and there is a scientific consensus around masks and restrictions, there are still questions to be asked and answered.

There's no doubt small businesses and the people who own them and depend on them for incomes are suffering. Shutdowns have been painful.

And then there's the question of government making inroads into our daily lives.

"Honestly, with the governments' track record, I have a very hard time believing that once the vaccines are rolled out that they will then relinquish a lot of these powers," says Eskesen.

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COVID denialism and the Alberta context - CBC.ca

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Coimbatores hydroponic farm delivers fresh greens within three hours of harvest – The Hindu

Posted: at 9:10 am

I grab a leaf of peppermint from a bed of mint leaves and taste the intense freshness. Next, I look at thyme and smell the powerful aroma. A little away, purple basil with a beautiful, coppery glow beckon. I crush a lemon balm leaf, and take in the uplifting, mild scent.

I am at Parna Farms, Coimbatores first urban hydroponic farm, located right in the heart of the city at an industrial building campus. Spread across 3,000 square feet, it grows 2,520 plants.

Our fresh lemon balm leaves impart a subtle flavour and fragrance, making it especially nice for custards, jam and jellies, cakes and tea, says Akhila Vijayaraghavan, owner of the farm. The purple basil is used for colour in salads. Except maybe amaranthus and palak (spinach), you can eat all the greens we grow here raw, says Akhila pointing to varieties of lettuce, basil, bok choy, and kale.

Asian water spinach (kang kong), red gongura, mustard leaves and methi (fenugreek) are some of the new additions. We also grow dill leaves, which are used as garnish for fish and meat dishes and pastas. Fresh peppermint extracts are used in baking. We constantly try new crops based on demand, after rounds of trial-and-error.

A graduate of Molecular Biology from the University of Glasgow, Akhila ran her own environmental consultancy for over 10 years before turning an urban farmer. I worked with a lot of companies, from pharmaceuticals to FMCG, and learnt that supply of quality end-product is a difficult task. Agriculture has always been one of my passions; I was interested in food crops. A herb can be used in cooking, to extract oil, extract nutrients in dry form, and maybe in alternative medicine, perfumery the possibilities are exciting, adds Akhila.

She researched hydroponic methodology and educated herself on farming before diving into it. Anyone can do it, it is not rocket science, she says.

Hydroponics combines both sustainability and technology. In indoor hydroponic cultivation, the control on nutrient supply ensures more quality produce, for example improved oil content in herbs, as well as better crop yield. A hydroponic mint has more methanol content than a soil-grown one. The system also uses 80% less water than conventional agriculture. The water is upcycled for reuse.

At Parna Farms, greens are grown using the nutrient film technique (NFT), where a thin film of nutrient-rich water with macronutrients like nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous and calcium nitrate, and micronutrients like manganese and zinc nourish the roots of the plants.

The farm has germination area that uses coco peat to sprout plants, and a nursery where net cups (small planters) are filled with clay pebbles. There is also the grow system, which involves metal stands and PVC pipes attached to a covered nutrient tank that pumps water to the plants. We incubate the net cups in a plastic tray for a couple of weeks. Once the plant grows roots, it is transferred to the main system with higher nutrients in the water. This is where it is fully grown and harvested, explains Akhila.

Hydroponic agriculture, she says, has existed for over 3,000 years, with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon being one of the often quoted examples of this technique. It is one of the more accessible forms of modern agriculture, tackling the dual problems of water scarcity and shortage of farmland. It reduces soil-borne pests and diseases.

Akhila says the objective is to ensure that customers get fresh, pesticide-free produce within three hours of harvest. Though a palak bunch from here costs 130, they are willing to pay the premium to enjoy good health, says Akhila, adding, You are what you eat. In hydroponics farming, every day is a learning curve.

Follow @parnafarms on Instagram to know more

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Coimbatores hydroponic farm delivers fresh greens within three hours of harvest - The Hindu

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Chronic opioid use may worsen the pain of social rejection – Medical News Today

Posted: at 9:10 am

Two pain relief specialists argue that treating chronic pain with opioids can create a cycle of physical and social pain, increasing peoples risk of dependence and addiction.

Social rejection hurts, whether it is real or imagined. Nearly everyone will have felt the distress of unanswered messages or phone calls, for example, the perception that someone is avoiding us at a party.

While the physical pain of injury motivates people to avoid further tissue damage and allow time for healing, social pain prompts us to avoid further rejection and perhaps look elsewhere for companionship.

As a social species, we depend on others for our survival and well-being, so it comes as no surprise that we are wired to find friendship rewarding and rejection hurtful.

In fact, our brains handle physical pain and social pain in a very similar way, with overlapping brain circuits involved in both processes.

This helps explain the two-way relationship between pain and emotional distress, with research showing that each type of suffering can exacerbate the other.

Some evidence suggests that endogenous opioids, which are the bodys pain relievers, play an important role in social bonding.

The downside is that when the chronic use of potent prescription opioids disrupt the endogenous opioid systems, this not only perpetuates pain but may also promote social distress, isolation, and depression.

Writing in the journal Annals of Family Medicine, Mark D. Sullivan and Jane C. Ballantyne from the University of Washington in Seattle, WA, argue that by suppressing the bodys natural system for regulating pain levels and distress, long-term opioid use creates a cycle of physical and social pain.

People can become dependent on the drugs: they take them to avoid the physical, emotional, and social effects of withdrawal. This, in turn, can lead to addiction.

Both Sullivan and Ballantyne prescribe opioids to their patients, but they believe the drugs should be reserved for short-term use that lasts no more than a month or so. They argue that alternative strategies are needed to treat chronic pain; they explain:

As prescribers of medical opioid treatment, we must recognize that when physical and social pain coexist, long-term opioid therapy is more likely to harm than help [L]ong-term opioid therapy that lasts months and perhaps years should be a rare occurrence because it does not treat chronic pain well, it impairs human social and emotional function and can lead to opioid dependence or addiction.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 1 in 5 adults in the United States experiences chronic pain, which it defines as pain that lasts longer than 3 months or beyond the time when tissue should have healed.

Many of these individuals take opioids prescribed by their doctors to ease the pain, such as codeine, hydrocodone, and fentanyl.

However, more than 11.5 million people in the U.S. aged 12 or older reported misusing prescription opioids in 2016, according to the CDC.

There is a strong association between mental illness and the use and misuse of opioids. People with mental health disorders are more likely to receive prescription drugs from their doctors and more likely to misuse opioids.

The drugs not only lead to dependence and addiction; they are also potentially fatal in overdose. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that in 2018, 128 people in the U.S. died every day from opioid overdoses.

The physical and emotional effects of opioid dependence are well known, but Sullivan and Ballantyne believe the social effects have been overlooked in Americas opioid crisis.

Endogenous opioids support the most important and unique human social functions, they write. Endogenous opioid systems are crucial for human social bonding, but when damaged, have a role in perpetuating isolation and chronic illness.

When chronic opioid use compromises the bodys reward and pain relief system, the mutually reinforcing effects of physical and emotional pain create a vicious cycle.

[R]ather than helping the pain for which the opioid was originally sought, persistent opioid use may be chasing the pain in a circular manner, diminishing natural rewards from normal sources of pleasure, and increasing social isolation.

To make matters worse, they write, people who choose to use opioids over the long term tend to be those with the most complex forms of chronic pain that contain both physical and social elements.

As a result, these individuals are particularly vulnerable to dependence.

Survival mechanisms that were already compromised by physical and social injury are compromised further because the [pharmaceutical] opioid can overwhelm the natural endogenous defenses, they warn.

They believe this may partly explain why people who stop taking opioids after long-term treatment with the drugs are at greater risk of suicide and all-cause mortality.

They conclude:

This insight into the overlap between physical and social pain should help redirect care for these patients away from opioid treatment that may ultimately worsen their underlying distress and social isolation.

As an alternative to long-term prescribing of opioids, they advocate multimodal chronic pain care, which combines physical, psychological, and educational interventions.

However, they acknowledge that the implementation and funding of such programs remains a challenge.

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Chronic opioid use may worsen the pain of social rejection - Medical News Today

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Budget 2021 expectations: Need for allocating funds to health and wellness sector visible from COVID experience – The Financial Express

Posted: at 9:10 am

The Union Budget 2020-21 will be announced by Union Union Budget 2021 Expectations for Health: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1.

Budget 2021 Expectations for Health and Wellness: With the coronavirus pandemic having left the entire world in a shock, the importance of keeping the healthcare sector updated came to light in 2020. The pandemic showed that no country can afford to leave its healthcare sector to fend for itself. Now, with the Union Budget 2021 around the corner, all eyes are on Finance Minister Nirmal Sitharaman to see what incentives she introduces for the healthcare segment. While in recent years, the government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced several health care reforms like the Ayushman Bharat scheme and the National Digital Health Mission, industry experts feel that more needs to be done to make the sector more robust, especially in the light of the pandemic.

Founder and Director of Cosmic Nutracos, the parent company of Gaia, Dolly Kumar told Financial Express Online, In the Union Budget 2021-22, our expectation is that the health and wellness industry will be given more preference and that the government will allocate more budgets to it. During the lockdown period, we realised how health and wellness essentials including health food and nutritional supplements are crucial and we cannot live without them, and thats why despite restrictions there was relaxation for us with new SOPs in place, and priority was given to supply chain management. We wish for more emphasis on this so that we can operate in the market places without any hindrances. Additionally in the bucket list, we want the government to focus and encourage health and wellness.

During the entire pandemic, due to the lack of effective vaccines and treatments, the entire stress to tackle the virus has been on prevention and precaution. Remaining healthy and maintaining immunity became key towards protecting self from the virus that wreaked havoc world over. This has shed light on the very important role played by preventive healthcare and the government should focus on this area.

Institute of Nutrition and Fitness Sciences Founder Jyoti Dabas said, We have all heard the adage that prevention is better than cure. With the Union Budget 2021, the government can do a lot to improve preventive health care in the country. First, they need to focus spending on building and maintaining open-air gyms or sports facilities, parks, and public spaces. Apart from that, public campaigns advising people to move more (minimum 30mins activity every day) and address their nutrition gaps. Education on basics of health and nutrition so people can take care of their health. Lastly, they need to encourage startups that are using online training methodology to certify people in advising on preventive health care. Budget for up-skilling the youth to become Preventive Health Coaches, this addresses the problem of unemployment and builds on PM Narendra Modis Atmanirbhar mission. We need to look at coming out of this pandemic as a healthier and fitter country. The government can empower organizations that are doing work in this by giving recognition, power, and speed to such initiatives.

Some industry leaders have also called for nationwide educational campaigns to highlight the importance of preventive healthcare.

Shrey Kumar, Co-founder of Aadvik Foods, said, I think we should spend more on creating awareness about why preventive healthcare is important, more so with the ongoing pandemic. Food as a medicine should be promoted as much as possible. Benefits of making positive changes in your diet should be advertised. This can not be achieved without a nationwide programme of educating the masses. Developing better infrastructure for the FMCG industry will enhance the availability of these kinds of healthy and fresh food items.

AYUSH sector and alternative medicine played a key role in building the immunity of people during COVID-19, resulting in several ministers and stakeholders promoting the use of alternative medicine. Industry leaders now wish to see more budget allocations in the AYUSH segment.

Vishal Kaushik, Co-Founder and MD at Upakarma Ayurveda, said, During the pandemic, PM Modi has given the much-needed push to the domestic Ayurveda sector as he encouraged the world-class R&D enablement and manufacturing capabilities of India. The healthcare sector is looking forward to more promising announcements from Budget 2021. We are expecting the GST to be brought down from the current 12% which is levied on products that have the license to sell as Branded Ayurvedic Medicines. This will further help with cost reduction and easy accessibility of the product. The government can also look at providing funds for Ayurvedic practitioners and centers, which will further encourage the domestic and offshore investors to put faith in India for new product developments.

The Union Budget 2020-21 will be announced by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1 during the Budget session of the Parliament.

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Budget 2021 expectations: Need for allocating funds to health and wellness sector visible from COVID experience - The Financial Express

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Charles accused of never listening to scientists as heir launches radical eco-initiative – Express

Posted: at 9:10 am

Prince Charles: People thought I was 'dotty' over climate fears

The Prince of Wales will launch an appeal asking major businesses to contribute to his new sustainability programme today. The Terra Carta, also known as the Earth Charter, is a 10-year plan which aims to raise $10billion (7.3billion) towards protecting the planets resources. The name is a throwback to the Magna Carta the immensely important 800-year-old document which laid out the rights of every Englishman and perhaps reflects Charles ambitions for the magnitude of this project.

This is far from the first time Charles has stepped into the debate on how to tackle climate change.

He has been a firm advocate for preserving the Earths natural resources and protecting the environment for decades but this supposedly pro-science stance has come under fire.

Science writer Simon Singh examined Charles seemingly contradictory opinions towards the discipline, as he has long backed alternative medicines and unproven remedies while pushing the public to trust scientists on the climate emergency.

Mr Singh asked: So why does Prince Charles listen to scientists in relation to climate change but not listen to them in relation to alternative medicine?

My suspicion is that he never really pays attention to any scientists and has no real understanding of how science works.

Instead, he has a set of firm prejudices and if the science backs up the prejudice then great, and if it does not then the science must be wrong.

Instead of listening to his own voices, it would be better if Prince Charles began to listen to the scientific experts.

This is one of many debates Charles has been caught up in with scientists over the years.

Writing in The Guardian in 2009, Mr Singh was criticising the Prince of Wales just as he was embroiled in a spat over his Duchy Originals herbal remedies.

The royal was scrutinised for selling products which supposedly detoxed the consumer, despite actually having little effect.

READ MORE:Sussexes shunned over claim they were internationally protected'

Charles also received a scathing attack for his attitude to alternative medicine when promoting unproven cures for cancer back in 1984.

Professor Michael Baum, cancer specialist at University College London, disputed Charles beliefs and said: The power of my authority comes with a knowledge built on 40 years of study and 25 years of active involvement in cancer research.

Your power and authority rest on an accident of birth.

While Charles has been on steadier ground with his activism towards the climate, even his environmental advocacy has been pulled apart.

Last year, he spoke at the Davos Summit about how corporations must change their attitudes towards the climate.

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He said: Do we want to go down in history as the people who did nothing to bring the world back from the brink in time to restore the balance, when we could have done?

He added: What good is all the extra wealth in the world gained from business as usual if you can do nothing with it except watch it burn in catastrophic conditions?

It was later revealed that he had flown to the conference via private jet, one of the least environmentally friendly methods of travel seemingly proving to his critics that his actions did not match up to his words.

His attack on the worlds wealthiest also seemed at odds with his own personal finances, as he is propped up by the 1billion Duchy of Cornwall.

Charles is known to be a firm believer in foxhunting, too, which contradicts his conservation efforts in the past.

Additionally, his green credentials have been called into question through his ownership of several extensive properties which have to be maintained all year round, undoubtedly adding to his carbon footprint.

Even so, the Prince of Wales has been more determined than ever this year to campaign for tackling climate change.

He has pushed for swift and immediate action to be taken, especially as the coronavirus pandemic has provided a window of opportunity to reset the economy.

Speaking in September, he said: The [climate] crisis has been with us for far too many years decried, denigrated and denied.

It is now rapidly becoming a comprehensive catastrophe that will dwarf the impact of the coronavirus pandemic.

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Dietary Supplement Ingredient Initiatives Bolster Industry Amid Increased Growth – PR Web

Posted: at 9:09 am

By partnering with a supplier who understands natural ingredients and the science behind complicated formulations, manufacturers can ensure theyre well equipped to meet any consumer trend now, and into the future. said Michael Baumann, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences

WILMINGTON, Del. (PRWEB) January 14, 2021

Consumers are increasingly prioritizing dietary supplements to support their immune health, weight management and sleep habits. In a recent industry survey, 95 percent of supplement manufacturers report that consumer interest in the power of nutrition to boost health and wellness and support immunity has never been higher (1). Manufacturers seeking to grow their business with this increased demand can turn to DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences' (DuPont) expanded dietary supplement ingredient portfolio and newly launched website, equipped to help them develop high-quality, efficacious formulations.

Backed by decades of technical expertise, DuPonts sustainably-sourced and plant-based ingredient portfolio is tailored to tackle the toughest formulation challenges, from taste-masking bitter botanicals, to delivering convenient new formats to keeping up with consumers evolving preferences and lifestyles. With a finger on the pulse of the industry, DuPont stands poised to help manufacturers grow their business based on survey results that indicate:

Manufacturers can discover these innovative offerings and more on DuPonts new dietary supplement ingredients website. Serving as a robust, holistic hub, customers can refine their search based on their individualized needs by product, solution or delivery formats and explore how by leveraging DuPonts comprehensive and unique portfolio they can turn natural sources into shelf-ready products, in a variety of application forms.

As the dietary supplement industry expands at a dizzying rate, were leveraging our pharmaceutical expertise, as well as our market and industry insights, to equip supplement manufacturers with the innovations they need to stay one step ahead, said Michael Baumann, global strategic marketing manager, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences. By partnering with a supplier who understands natural ingredients and the science behind complicated formulations, manufacturers can ensure theyre well equipped to meet any consumer trend now, and into the future.

Dedicated to ongoing collaboration with supplements manufacturers, DuPont will demonstrate how formulators can create great-tasting, low-sugar gummy supplements while also increasing speed to market in an upcoming webinar Hydrocolloids: How a Small Part of your Formulation can have a Big Impact on Gummy Success. Hosted by NutraIngredients, the webinar will take place January 28, at 11:00 AM EST. To register, visit https://onlinexperiences.com/scripts/Server.nxp?LASCmd=AI:4;F:QS!10100&ShowUUID=95D7EF8B-D362-4EBB-B056-A2D4D031B94B/

To learn more about DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences dietary supplements ingredients portfolio or expertise areas, visit dietarysupplements.dupont.com.

1 NutraIngredients, USA State of the Industry Survey 20202 Ibid*Please note that regional differences in applicable laws and regulations may restrict the use of certain products in dietary supplements or different terminology definitions may apply.

About DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences applies expert science to advance market-driven, healthy and sustainable solutions for the food, beverage, dietary supplement and pharmaceutical industries. We also use cutting-edge biotechnology across a range of markets to advance bio-based solutions to meet the needs of a growing population, while protecting our environment for future generations. We are innovative solvers who help our customers turn challenges into high-value business opportunities. For more information: http://www.dupontnutritionandbiosciences.com

About DuPont DuPont (NYSE: DD) is a global innovation leader with technology-based materials, ingredients and solutions that help transform industries and everyday life. Our employees apply diverse science and expertise to help customers advance their best ideas and deliver essential innovations in key markets including electronics, transportation, construction, water, health and wellness, food, and worker safety. More information can be found at http://www.dupont.com/. Investors can access information included on the Investor Relations section of the website at investors.dupont.com.

1/14/2021DuPont, the DuPont Oval Logo, and all trademarks and service marks denoted with , SM or are owned by affiliates of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. unless otherwise noted.

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Is 2021 the Year for Federal Movement on CBD? – Lexology

Posted: at 9:09 am

It is clear that cannabidiol (CBD) is everywhere and in (almost) everything; in foods, beverages, and even pet foods. What is less clear is how CBD ranks as an enforcement priority for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA") and what the agency expects of manufacturers.

Even though FDA has previously not objected to the use of certain hemp ingredients in foods that are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the agency (e.g., hulled hemp seed, hemp seed protein powder, and hemp seed oil), its official position on CBD, which is derived from hemp, is that CBD cannot be sold as a dietary supplement or added to food. This position has not stopped food and supplement companies, however, from continuing to produce and market CBD products.

Most marketers of CBD products have avoided FDA enforcement so far. But any company that claims its CBD product can treat a disease or ailment is at risk of facing enforcement action from FDA, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), or, in some cases, both agencies. FDA continues to monitor the CBD marketplace for potentially dangerous products, issuing warning letters in December of 2020 to five companies. Notably, FDA identified concerns about high-risk routes of administration (including nasal, ophthalmic, and inhalation) for the products at issue. Although FDA is the primary U.S. regulatory authority with respect to foods and dietary supplements, FTC recently announced its first law enforcement crackdown on deceptive claims in the growing market for CBD products. The FTC took action against six sellers of CBD-containing products for allegedly making a wide range of scientifically unsupported claims about their ability to treat serious health conditions, including cancer, heart disease, hypertension, Alzheimers disease, and other conditions. Some believe that FDA will remain focused on developing underlying policies related to the use of CBD in consumer products, while FTC will now more aggressively pursue companies that make aggressive claims that CBD can be used to treat serious diseases.

Although FDA has repeatedly clarified that CBD cannot be added to foods and dietary supplements, its enforcement thus far has been limited to the highest-risk violators, such as CBD products that claim to prevent, diagnose, treat, or cure serious diseases. This type of enforcement is not unique to CBD products, as FDA often issues warning letters to manufacturers of supplements or foods bearing similar claims. However, if FDA treats CBD in functionally the same way as it enforces its regulations for supplements or foods, the CBD industry is left to contemplate important questions: Where does FDA actually draw the line when it comes to CBD products? Does it even matter?

A highly anticipated policy initiative may answer this question. In July 2020, FDA submitted a guidance document outlining its CBD enforcement discretion policy, "Cannabidiol Enforcement Policy; Draft Guidance for Industry," (the Guidance") to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review. Since FDAs submission of the Guidance, industry has been eagerly awaiting further updates. However, the Guidance has been pending since July 22, 2020, and as of December 17, 2020, still has not been cleared. On December 8th, in a Fireside Chat with Haynes and Boones Suzie Trigg, Joseph Franklin, Policy Director for the Principal Deputy Commissioner at FDA, noted that The only thing that we can say, from the FDA perspective, is that it was submitted in July for OMB review as part of the normal process. Thats the only comment we can provide on that at this time.

Historically, FDA's formal enforcement discretion policies outline requirements that regulated industry must meet to avoid FDA enforcement. These guidance documents encourage voluntary compliance while concurrently allowing the agency to allocate its limited enforcement resources to higher-priority initiatives. Publishing an enforcement discretion policy for CBD would formalize FDA's existing practice of primarily targeting high-risk violators while shining light on other factors it considers when making enforcement decisions. As seen from FDA's use of similar enforcement policies for personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing clarity to industry through guidance assists companies who wish to comply by providing practical guidance. The practice also acknowledges the reality that FDA does not have the resources to closely monitor all products under its jurisdiction. Companies that choose to operate outside the scope of such enforcement discretion policies risk inviting avoidable enforcement actions from FDA.

The protracted pace of review for the Guidance may soon speed up with a new administration set to take over in January, but there are also other policy initiatives that could alter the regulation of CBD. Congressional action is one possibility, given previous bipartisan interest in developing a legal pathway for CBD. CBD received a mention in the 2020 Consolidated Appropriations Act, with the Explanatory Statement encouraging additional NIH research on CBDs therapeutic effects and toxicity and recommending that $2 million be devoted to FDAs CBD activities. Also in 2019, a bipartisan group of legislators submitted a letter to FDA requesting a formal enforcement discretion policy and an interim final rule outlining how CBD could be marketed as a dietary supplement and food additive. It is likely that this letter may have served as the impetus for the currently-pending Guidance, even though it is unclear whether FDA is considering the issuance of an interim final rule at this time.

Another piece of legislation under consideration, the Hemp and Hemp-Derived CBD Consumer Protection and Market Stabilization Act of 2020, was introduced in September 2020 and would explicitly declare CBD and other hemp derivatives to be dietary ingredients, thus rendering them eligible to be added to dietary supplements. As a dietary ingredient in supplements, CBD would also be subject to the applicable supplement regulatory requirements, such as compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices and labeling requirements. The bill is still in committee, but has generally been viewed positively by industry as a clear path forward for marketing CBD products and ensuring that they are produced and marketed safely.

Additionally, with the CBD industry rapidly maturing, there is always the possibility that a manufacturer could successfully submit a New Dietary Ingredient Notification to FDA in 2021 without objections, opening the door for FDA to at least indirectly acknowledge the safety of CBD in dietary supplements.

Still, the need for regulatory guidance is greater than ever, especially with the uncertainty at the federal level further complicated by a patchwork of wide-rangingand sometimes conflictingstate regulatory schemes. With an assortment of requirements to choose from, how should a CBD company market its products to minimize enforcement risks? There are a few key standards to always keep in mind:

Until FDA provides greater clarity, the CBD industry may continue to grow in response to consumer demand. However, one thing is clear: marketing foods and supplements containing CBD is still a risk, and using health or disease claims to market a CBD product is a surefire way to attract the attention of FDA and FTC.

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DSM responds to immunity demands with fast acting vitamin D – NutraIngredients.com

Posted: at 9:09 am

DSMs recent global survey of 12,000 people found that supporting immunity remains a top health priority for consumers worldwide, with65% of consumers currently worried about immunity and 70% consuming supplements to support their immune system (DSM Consumer Immunity Panel, September 2020).

To help solve this concern, DSM has developed a 'fast-acting' form of vitamin D3 named 'ampli-D' (aka calcifediol).

The development comes in response to a growing portfolio of evidencelinking vitamin D with COVID-19 symptom severity.

This fast building body of research, and the the fact that a large proportion of the global population needs supplementation during the winter due to low exposure to sunlight, have led to high consumer demand for the vitamin.

However, DSM says it can take months to bring the body to optimum sufficiency using some Vitamin D2 and D3 supplements.

Calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) is another form of vitamin D naturally present in food sources like fish, milk and eggs and it isthe most common form of vitamin D in our body.

Research has found this form of the vitamin as a supplement is three to five times more efficient than vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)and that it has a higher rate of intestinal absorption and thereby canimprove vitamin D status in days to weeks.

Peter Van Dael.Senior Vice President of Nutrition Science & Advocacy at DSM, says the ability to raise vitamin D levels quickly is more important than ever, helping to support peoples immunity during the current global pandemic as fast as possible.

Although current practices such as vaccinations, hygiene measures, wearing face masks, and social distancing are still extremely important in limiting the spread of viral infections, like the highly contagious COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, additional focus on the role of nutrition and its positive impact on immunity is also critical.

"Given the supporting evidence, nutritional supplementation is strongly advised as part of future public health strategies. Complementing a healthy, balanced diet with a nutritional supplement like vitamin D, preferably calcifediol is a safe, effective and low-cost way to support healthier futures across the world, as it helps to promote an optimal immune response and manage the risk and severity of infectious diseases.

The new product will soon be available in Australia, with other global markets to follow over the course of 2021.

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Vitamin D and care homes guidance – GOV.UK – GOV.UK

Posted: at 9:09 am

1. Introduction1.1 What the policy is

The government will provide a free 4-month supply of daily vitamin D supplements for residents in residential and nursing care homes in England to help support their general health, in particular bone and muscle health. Each daily supplement will contain 10 micrograms (400 international units (IU)) of vitamin D. This one-off 4-month supply will be delivered directly to residential and nursing care homes from January 2021.

Vitamin D helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body. These nutrients are needed for healthy bones, teeth and muscles. Too little vitamin D can lead to bone pain and muscle weakness in adults, which may also increase the risk of falls in older people. The NHS provides general advice on vitamin D.

From around late March and early April to the end of September, most people should be able to get the vitamin D they need from sunlight as the body creates vitamin D from direct sunlight on the skin when outdoors, however during the autumn and winter we cannot make sufficient vitamin D from sunlight. Vitamin D is also found in a small number of foods, such as oily fish and liver, and some fortified foods, such as fat spreads and breakfast cereals; however, it is difficult to get enough vitamin D from food alone.

Therefore, during the autumn and winter months everyone is advised to take a 10 microgram (400 IU) supplement of vitamin D every day.

Some adults are advised to take a daily supplement containing 10 micrograms (400 IU) of vitamin D throughout the year if they are not often outdoors, for example if they are frail, housebound or living in a care home[footnote 1]. Public Health Englands (PHE) guidance on Healthier and more sustainable catering: nutrition principles also includes this recommendation. This advice is particularly important for people who have been shielding this year due to coronavirus (COVID-19), or residents who are living in care homes, because they are more likely to have been indoors over the spring and summer and so may not have been able to obtain enough vitamin D from sunlight. DHSC has therefore prioritised the provision of free vitamin D supplements to people in these groups in England.

Care home providers are required to meet residents full nutritional needs to sustain life and good health, and reduce the risks of malnutrition, in line with regulation 14 (Part A) of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014. In addition to provision of nutritious meals, this should include food supplements where necessary, such as vitamin D.

This year, the government will provide all nursing and residential care homes in England with a free 4-month supply of vitamin D supplements as it is likely that care home residents will have stayed indoors more than usual over spring and summer last year as a result of the national restrictions for COVID-19.

Care home providers should give residents the choice and offer the four-month supply of vitamin D supplements as part of this nutritional and hydration requirement and in line with existing procedures regarding consent and any relevant safety considerations outlined in section 2.1. All care home providers will need to record provision of vitamin D supplements and can choose the most appropriate way for their care home to do this, in line with section 3.3.

While some care homes may already support residents to take vitamin D supplements, this may be new for other care home providers and members of staff. This guidance has been produced in consultation with the Care Quality Commission to support care home providers to put the appropriate measures in place.

Where residents require support to take a supplement, care home providers must be assured that care staff are trained and competent.

Each daily supplement will contain 10 micrograms (400 IU) of vitamin D. The vitamin D supplement provided will be in a liquid form and 2 drops is equivalent to 10 micrograms.

The vitamin D supplements provided are a food supplement and are not a prescribed medicine. The supplements provided are equivalent to those that are readily available in retail outlets such as supermarkets, pharmacies and health food shops.

This section outlines the safety information that care home providers will need to check prior to offering the vitamin D supplement to residents and provides guidance on the steps that care providers should follow for each resident.

This section also outlines how to offer vitamin D supplements and further information on consent.

There is minimal risk associated with provision of a daily 10 microgram vitamin D supplement. However, there are some rare instances where it should not be offered without having received further advice.

Before offering vitamin D supplements to care home residents, care home providers must read the sections 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3.

Care home providers must check each residents care plan and medicines administration record (MAR) to see if any of the information outlined in sections 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 and 2.1.4 applies to the resident. Care home providers should follow the guidance below on the appropriate steps that should be taken for each resident.

If care home providers do not have sufficient access to a residents MAR or medical conditions, they should check with the residents healthcare professional at their next appointment before offering vitamin D supplements.

Care staff should check each residents care plan and MAR to see whether they are already taking, or are prescribed, a supplement or medicine containing vitamin D by their GP or healthcare professional, for example either cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), either alone or in combination with other products for example, calcium.

If a GP or healthcare professional has recommended that a resident takes a different amount of vitamin D, their advice should be followed.

Care staff may wish to explain to the resident why they are not being offered an additional supplement.

If the care home manager is unsure about whether the resident already takes or is prescribed a form of vitamin D, further advice should be sought from the residents GP or healthcare professional at the residents next appointment, before offering the supplement. It is not necessary to contact the residents GP or healthcare professional about the vitamin D supplements prior to their next appointment.

Some residents may have medical conditions that mean that they may not be able to safely take as much vitamin D as the general population. Care home providers must check if any of the following medical conditions appear on a residents care plan or MAR:

those under the care of a renal, endocrinology or cancer specialist

people with high vitamin D levels

people with kidney stones(now or in the past)

people with too much parathyroid hormone(hyperparathyroidism),

people with cancer (some cancers can lead to high calcium levels)

people with severe kidney disease

people with a rare illness calledsarcoidosis

Care staff may wish to explain to the resident why they are not being offered the supplement.

If a resident has any of the medical conditions listed above or if the care home manager is unsure whether the resident has any of the medical conditions listed above, further advice should be sought from the residents GP or healthcare professional at the residents next appointment, before offering the supplement. It is not necessary to contact the residents GP or healthcare professional about the vitamin D supplements prior to their next appointment.

Vitamin D supplements are usually well tolerated. Care providers should check the residents care plan and MAR for any allergies. In the rare event of any adverse reactions to the vitamin D supplements, care providers should follow the guidance outlined in section 3.6.

Care staff may wish to explain to the resident why they are not being offered the supplement.

If a resident has an allergy to any of the listed ingredients or if the care home manager is unsure, further advice should be sought from the residents GP or healthcare professional at the residents next appointment, before offering the supplement. It is not necessary to contact the residents GP or healthcare professional about the vitamin D supplements prior to their next appointment.

Some residents may receive clinical care for swallowing difficulties and/or have specific dietary needs met through nutrition support such as a tube feed.

The vitamin D supplements provided will be in a liquid form, however further advice should be sought from appropriate healthcare professionals such as their GP, dietician, pharmacist or speech and language therapist at the next appointment or opportunity, before offering the supplement. It is not necessary to contact the appropriate healthcare professional about vitamin D supplements prior to the residents next appointment.

Care home staff may wish to explain to the resident that they are not being offered the supplement until further advice is sought with the appropriate healthcare professional to confirm whether they can safely take a vitamin D supplement.

While some medicines may interact with high doses of vitamin D, there are unlikely to be any interactions associated with the 10 microgram (400 IU) vitamin D supplement. These supplements are intended to supplement the diet and should not be a substitute for a varied diet.

As outlined in section 2.1.1, if the resident is already taking, or is prescribed, a medication that contains vitamin D by their GP or healthcare professional, they should not be offered the vitamin D supplement.

Care staff must only provide vitamin D to residents when they have provided informed consent, or on the basis of a best interest decision under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA).

All residents who are able to give informed consent are required to do so, in order to receive the vitamin D supplements. This consent should be recorded in line with existing policy in the home.

In order to take a decision about the provision of vitamin D supplements, care staff should start from a presumption of mental capacity. A resident who has capacity to make their own decision about taking the supplements must be able to understand, retain, use or weigh, and communicate the purpose of the supplements, and, the consequences of taking, or not taking the supplements, and of not making a decision about taking the supplements.

To give informed consent on whether to take the vitamin D supplements, residents need to be provided with information about the risks and benefits of taking vitamin D. This information is outlined in section 1 of this document which can be used by care home providers to help residents make an informed decision (and to assess if they have relevant mental capacity to take the decision, or not (more below).

Some residents may lack mental capacity to consent to take the supply of vitamin D supplements. A person aged 16 or over is protected by the empowering, decision-making framework set out under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA).

Residential and nursing care homes will have established processes for assessing a residents mental capacity to take specific decision at a specific time, and for taking a best interests decision if they do not have relevant capacity. Care home providers should follow their existing MCA and best interests decisions procedures and keep a record of decisions relating to vitamin D supplements in line with the MCA Code of Practice.

Where it has been established that the resident lacks capacity to consent to taking a vitamin D supplement, a best interests decision should be taken in line with the best interest checklist in section 4 of the MCA. This means that the decision-maker must consider all the relevant circumstances, including the likely health benefits to the resident, the residents wishes, beliefs and values, the views of their family and what the resident would have wanted if they had the capacity to make the decision themselves. The decision maker should make a record of this decision in line with existing policy in the home. Best interests decisions should be made on an individual basis.

Where appropriate, the residents advocates or those with power of attorney for Health and Welfare should be consulted. If there is a deputy or attorney with relevant authority then consent must be sought from them to be able to provide the supplements. Such consent can only be provided if it is in the persons best interests.

Provision of vitamin D supplements should be person-centred and care home providers should incorporate vitamin D supplement provision into existing routines and care plans which are designed to meet the nutritional and hydration needs of individual residents.

One daily dose of the vitamin D supplement should be offered to residents who it is suitable for in line with section 2.1, and where choice and consent has been provided in line with section 2.3.

Two drops of the liquid vitamin D supplement make up one daily dose which is equivalent to 10 micrograms of vitamin D. This is equivalent to 400 IU of vitamin D.

Residents should not exceed the recommended dose (1 dose per day containing 10 micrograms equivalent to 400 IU). This is the amount designed to meet their nutritional needs. Taking more is not currently recommended. More information on this is in section 3.5.

There should be individual person-centred care planning and this should ensure that the supplements are provided to the residents at the most suitable time for the individual person. You may wish to record the name of each resident on the packaging of their individual supply of the vitamin D supplement.

Timings of the supplement provision will vary from person to person. Care home providers must comply with the instructions set out on the product label.

Residents care plans should be updated to reflect whether they will be provided with a daily vitamin D supplement and how they will be supported to take it.

Care home managers, or staff with the relevant authority should record on a daily basis, whether a vitamin D supplement has been provided and taken by a resident as part of their daily care routine. Care home providers can choose where to record the provision of vitamin D supplements, so it aligns with their existing processes and it is the least burdensome approach. For example, this could include a MAR, daily notes or nutrition or dietary records.

If residents are deemed able and competent and wish to self-administer their supplements, they should be supported in doing so. A resident who self-administers should have a current risk assessment in place including safe storage. Supervision and support should be provided if a self-administration risk assessment has deemed it to be necessary.

Care home staff are advised to only give one dose of vitamin D supplement a day and record it. If there is any deviation from this, it should be recorded appropriately.

If an error has taken place, it should be identified, reported, reviewed and learnt from to reduce the likelihood of reoccurrence. This may include additional staff training, competency checks, updates to policies and care plans.

If there are concerns that the error puts the resident at risk of abuse or neglect (a safeguarding issue), local safeguarding procedures should be followed.

For most adults taking up to 100 micrograms (equivalent to 4,000 IU) per day is considered safe. In a few people, taking too many vitamin D supplements over a long period of time can cause too much calcium to build up in the body (hypercalcaemia). This can weaken the bones and damage the kidneys and the heart. The NHS has more information about vitamin D, including advice on safe intakes.

The 100 microgram daily tolerable safe level of intake is set on the basis of long-term studies. The Food Standards Agency emphasise that evidence on acute toxicity is limited particularly for those with complicated health conditions.

In the rare event of any adverse reactions to the vitamin D supplement, discuss with the residents GP, pharmacist or other healthcare professional. Severe adverse reactions must be reported to the GP immediately. In the rare event that a serious life-threatening allergic reaction or severe adverse reaction takes place, the care home staff must dial 999 for urgent medical attention from the emergency services and administer first aid as required.

The care provider should store the supplements securely at the correct temperature with access restricted to authorised staff. Care home providers must comply with the instructions set out on the product label.

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