Daily Archives: October 5, 2020

For the millions of people around the world who live on islands today, a plane or boat can easily enough carry them to the mainland or other islands.

But how did people in the ancient past first make it to distant islands they couldnt even see from home? Many islands around the world can be reached only by traveling hundreds or even thousands of miles across open water, yet nearly all islands that people live on were settled by between 800 to 1,000 years ago.

Archaeologists like us want to understand why people would risk their lives to reach these far-off places, what kinds of boat and navigational methods they used, and what other technologies they invented to make it. Islands are important places to study because they hold clues about human endurance and survival in different kinds of environments.

One of the most interesting places to study these processes is the Caribbean, the only region of the Americas where people settled an archipelago with some islands not visible from surrounding areas. Despite more than a century of research, there are still many questions about the origins of the first Caribbean people, when they migrated and what routes they took. My colleagues and I recently reanalyzed archaeological data collected over 60 years to answer these fundamental questions.

Based on the discovery of unique stone tools and food remains such as shells and bones, archaeologists have a general understanding that people first spread throughout the Caribbean in a series of migrations that probably began at least 7,000 years ago and likely originated from northern South America.

Amerindians paddled between islands in dugout canoes and were remarkably adept at open-water travel. Archaeologists dont know what inspired people to first colonize the Caribbean islands, but we do know they brought plants and animals from the mainland, like manioc and oppossum, to help ensure their survival.

There are two main ideas about what happened. For decades, the prevailing notion was that people migrated from South America into the Antilles in a south-to-north stepping-stone pattern. Because the islands stretch in a gentle arc from Grenada all the way up to Cuba in the northwest with many largely visible from one to the next this would seem to provide a convenient path for early settlers.

This hypothesis, however, has been challenged by evidence that some of the earliest sites are in the northern islands. Analyses of wind and ocean currents suggest that it was actually easier to travel directly between South America and the northern Caribbean before moving in a southerly direction. Researchers call this proposal of a north-to-south migration the southward route hypothesis.

Figuring out which model for settling the Caribbean best fits the evidence depends on being able to assign accurate dates to human activity preserved in the archaeological record. To do this, researchers need a lot of reliable dates from many different sites throughout the islands to establish how, when and from where people landed.

Archaeologists typically use a technique called radiocarbon dating to figure out how old an artifact is. When an organism dies, it stops producing carbon and its remaining carbon decays at a fixed rate of time archaeologists say death starts the clock. By measuring the amount of carbon left in the organism and then performing a few additional calculations, scientists are left with a probable age range for when that organism died.

Archaeologists often date things like food remains, charcoal from cooking hearths or wood in the building where they are found. If archaeologists date shells found in a trash heap, they can tell, usually within a range of 25 to 50 years or so, when that shellfish was harvested for a meal.

We recently reevaluated about 2,500 radiocarbon dates from hundreds of archaeological sites on more than 50 Caribbean islands.

Archaeologists have been radiocarbon dating findings in the Caribbean since the 1950s when the radiocarbon technique was first discovered. But dating methods and the standards scientists follow have improved dramatically since then. Part of our job was to see if each of the 2,500 radiocarbon dates available would meet todays standards. Dates that did not meet those standards were thrown out, leaving us with a smaller database of only the most reliable times for human activity.

By statistically analyzing these remaining dates, we confirmed that Trinidad was the first Caribbean island settled by humans, at least 7,000 years ago. However, Trinidad is so close to South America that only simple or even no boats were needed to get there.

After Trinidad, the oldest settlements occurred between 6,000 and 5,000 years ago in the northern Caribbean on the large islands of the Greater Antilles: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. Reaching them would have required crossing passages of water where no islands were visible to the naked eye, although navigators rely on other wayfinding techniques like current, cloud patterns, seeing birds fly in a certain direction to know if land is out there. By around 2,500 years ago, people had spread out to settle other islands in the northern Lesser Antilles, including Antigua and Barbuda.

Based on these data, the patterns of initial settlement of the Caribbean are most consistent with the southward route hypothesis.

Around 1,800 years ago, a new wave of people also moved from South America into the Lesser Antilles, colonizing many of the remaining uninhabited islands. About 1,000 years later, their descendants moved into the smaller islands of the Greater Antilles and Bahamian archipelago. This is when Jamaica and the Bahamas were settled for the first time.

Our research findings also support the widely held view that environment played a significant role in how and when islands were settled.

Archaeologists know that once people settled islands, they frequently moved between them. Not all islands are the same, and some offered more or better resources than others. For example, in the Bahamas and the Grenadines, the primary way to access freshwater is by digging wells; there are no streams or springs. Some islands lacked clay for making pottery, which was important for cooking and storing food. People may have also traveled to different islands to access preferred fishing or hunting spots or seek out marriage partners.

[Deep knowledge, daily. Sign up for The Conversations newsletter.]

Strong seasonal winds and currents facilitated travel between islands. Thats also probably one of the reasons why Caribbean people never developed the sail or other seafaring technologies that were used in the Pacific, Mediterranean and North Atlantic around the same time. Dugout canoes crossed between South America and the islands just fine.

Interpretations of past human behavior at archaeological sites are anchored by radiocarbon dates to study change over time. For archaeologists, its important to periodically take another look at the data to make sure that the narratives built on those data are reliable. Our review of the radiocarbon record for the Caribbean allowed us to show with increased accuracy the ways in which the region was first colonized by people, how they interacted and moved between islands, and how their societies developed following initial colonization.

Visit link:

Archaeologists determined the step-by-step path taken by the first people to settle the Caribbean islands - The Conversation US

NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Leading real estate investment and hospitality management company Highgate announced today it has assumed management of Trust Hospitalitys portfolio assets, comprised of 22 hotels and resorts approximately 3,100 rooms throughout the U.S., Caribbean and Latin America. The portfolio includes a combination of existing and under development hotels and resorts.

This transaction increases Highgates footprint in the Caribbean and Latin America, and will enable the company to be the leading hotel manager in the region. Trust CEO Richard Millard and Partner/Head of Development Michael Register will join Highgate to lead business development and owner relations efforts in the region.

As part of the Highgate platform, the Trust team will leverage their deep experience in the Caribbean and Latam, and the benefits of Highgates scale, to significantly grow their presence across both branded and independent hotels.

We are thrilled to be partnering with Richard and Michael as we continue to grow in key Caribbean and Latin America countries, and in the destination resort market broadly, said Richard Russo, Principal at Highgate. Over the past few months we have accelerated the pace of Highgates growth through individual hotel additions, portfolios additions, and strategic M&A.

Russo continues: We will continue to pursue opportunities to collaborate with talented management teams who can benefit from integrating into the Highgate platform, and contribute to our objective of providing best-in-class services, innovated operating capabilities, and a compelling value proposition for our partners and key stakeholders.

When deciding who to pass along the company that I founded and spent the past 30 years building, I was drawn to Highgate for their entrepreneurial spirit and strong owner-minded culture, said CEO of Trust Hospitality Richard Millard. I look forward to working with Highgate and leveraging the tools and resources they have at their disposal to help the firm expand its footprint in the region. I couldnt be more excited for my team and myself as we embark on the next stages of our careers with Highgate.

Currently operating 160 hotels and resorts, and over 45,000 rooms worldwide, Highgate continues to receive global recognition for its hospitality-forward thinking, contemporary programming and digital innovation. The company is committed to expanding its portfolio of award-winning properties throughout 2020 and beyond.

As the hospitality industry focuses on recovery, we recognize and are grateful for the opportunity to thoughtfully continue our expansion, said Chief Operating Officer Steve Barick. We look forward to continuing to partner with like-minded owners and management companies, and welcome both the Trust employees and the owners of its hotels into the Highgate family.

For more information on Highgate, visit Highgate.com. For development and acquisition inquiries, email Richard Russo at rerusso@highgate.com.

About Highgate

Highgate is a leading real estate investment and hospitality management company widely recognized as an innovator in the industry. Highgate is the dominant player in major U.S. gateway cities including New York, Boston, Miami, San Francisco and Honolulu, with a growing Caribbean and Latin America footprint. The hospitality forward company provides expert guidance through all stages of the property cycle, from planning and development through recapitalization or disposition. Highgate has a proven record of developing its diverse portfolio of bespoke lifestyle hotel brands, legacy brands, and independent hotels and resorts with contemporary programming and digital acumen. The company utilizes industry-leading revenue management tools that efficiently identify and predict evolving market dynamics to drive outperformance and maximize asset value. With an executive team consisting of some of the most experienced hotel management leaders, the company is a trusted partner for top ownership groups and major hotel brands. Highgate maintains corporate offices in New York, Chicago, Dallas, London, Miami, and Seattle. http://www.highgate.com.

Original post:

Highgate Growth Continues with Addition of 22 Lifestyle Properties In The U.S., Caribbean and Latam - Business Wire

By: Lifestyle Desk | New Delhi | October 4, 2020 6:20:47 pmIn order to avail the benefits of the programme, the applicants will need to provide proof of health insurance and "pay local market rates for access to any healthcare during their time on the islands". (Source: Pixabay)

In keeping with the current trend of providing people remote-work visas, Caribbean country Antigua and Barbuda has become the latest nation to open its doors for people looking for a change of scene. According to The Independent, the country is willing to welcome digital nomads amid the pandemic which has made it clear that for many jobs, one does not need a designated office space, but instead they can work remotely from any part of the world and still get the work done.

The outlet reports that the island nation is launching a Nomad Digital Residence scheme, allowing eligible applicants to stay for up to two years. Its Prime Minister Gaston Browne said in a statement: You can work in any part of the world from Antigua as if you were in your office or home.

But, you are only eligible if your earnings fall in a certain bracket. The programme is open to those earning at least $50,000 (Rs 36,66,130) a year the applications cost $1,500 (Rs 1,09,983.90) for a single applicant, $2,000 (Rs 1,46,645.20) per couple and $3,000 (Rs 2,19,967.80) for a family of three.

ALSO READ |Shorter distances, bigger cities on Indian travellers list this year, survey finds

In order to avail the benefits of the programme, the applicants will need to provide proof of health insurance and pay local market rates for access to any healthcare during their time on the islands.

The outlet further reports that the country has remained largely safe from the coronavirus, with only a few scattered cases since the beginning of the pandemic. We have learned how to detect infected persons quickly, how to treat them rapidly, and how to contain community spread, Browne was quoted as saying.

With this, Antigua and Barbuda joins the ranks of many other nations that have offered remote-work visa in the pandemic. Previously, Barbados had introduced the Barbados Welcome Stamp under a new government scheme, and had started taking applications for international tourists, tempting them with the opportunity to work remotely on the islands beautiful beaches for up to one year.

For more lifestyle news, follow us: Twitter:lifestyle_ie|Facebook:IE Lifestyle| Instagram:ie_lifestyle

The Indian Express is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@indianexpress) and stay updated with the latest headlines

For all the latest Lifestyle News, download Indian Express App.

IE Online Media Services Pvt Ltd

Link:

This Caribbean country is offering remote work visa to digital nomads; find out - The Indian Express

KEY FIGURES

9.6M CONFIRMED COVID-19 CASES IN LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN AS OF 4 OCTOBER

REGIONAL: COVID-19

Cases are referenced from PAHO/WHO 4 October COVID-19 Report - https://bit.ly/2O25YQw

As of 4 October, there are 9,632,733 cases and 353,224 in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as 8,026,309 recovered cases.

KEY FIGURES

189.9K CONFIRMED CASES IN TRIPLE BORDER AREA BETWEEN COLOMBIA, BRAZIL AND PERU

553: 7-DAY AVERAGE OF NEW CASES IN GUATEMALA AS STATE OF EXCEPTION ENDS ON 5 OCTOBER

LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN: COVID-19

AMAZON TRIPLE BORDER

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disproportionately affect remote communities along the shared Amazon triple border area between Brazil, Colombia and Peru, where some 57 per cent of the population are indigenous peoples. As of 2 October, there are 189,914 confirmed cases between the Amazonas and Tabatinga states in Brazil (136,400 cases and 1,800 cases respectively), the 8,860 cases among indigenous communities in Peru and the 2,700 cases reported in the Amazonas department in Colombia.

While the UN in the three countries issued an Action Plan to respond to needs in this sub-region and mobilize resources to bolster response beyond initial actions backed by reprogrammed funding, implementation remains challenging. The triple border areas in each country are some of the most difficult to access. Moreover, there are growing security concerns stemming from criminal activity in two border provinces in the Peruvian department of Loreto and the recent killing of a Loreto health centre director in Tabatinga across the border in Brazil.

GUATEMALA

Guatemala will not seek to extend their state of calamity past its 5 October end date, allowing Guatemalans to resume various activities under restricted gathering sizes. The state of calamity, in effect since March after Guatemala reported their first case, allowed authorities to implement various restrictions to curb the spread of the virus. The Government is working to determine normative, operational and logistical frameworks for managing the COVID-19 pandemic after the extension runs its course.

The Presidential COVID-19 Commission (COPRECOVID) advisory group, who fears that many are perceiving the pandemic is over, is urging the public to take personal responsibility in tackling the virus, warning of a second wave similar to countries in Europe who relaxed initial emergency measures after managing their initial outbreak.

THE CARIBBEAN

The Heads of government of the Organization Eastern of Caribbean States (OECS) are working with officials from major tourism source markets and service providers to establish a rigorous testing regime that would allow only COVID-free travellers to board flights and ships, removing the need for quarantine upon arrival. This could potentially expedite humanitarian access in the event of an emergency that may require international deployment, which has thus far been limited since the onset of the pandemic.

See the original post:

Latin America & The Caribbean - Weekly Situation Update (28 September - 4 October 2020) As of 5 October 2020 - Guatemala - ReliefWeb

Viewpoint by P.I. Gomes*

PORT OF SPAIN, Trinidad and Tobago (IDN) The High-level Meeting to commemorate the 75th Anniversary of the United Nations was held on September 21, 2020, with a view to adopting a political declaration on the theme: The Future We Want, the United Nations We Need: reaffirming our collective commitment to multilateralism.

The opening Plenary session observed the usual formalities of statements by the President of the General Assembly (GA) and by Presidents of the Security Council, Economic & Social Council and of the International Court of Justice.

As a pleasant departure from those formalities, the voices of young people were heard in Statements from Youth representatives, both male and female, from Ghana (Africa), Malaysia (Asia), The Bahamas (Latin America & the Caribbean) and France (Europe). No doubt a greatly moving occurrence for those young people, who will never forget the experience of speaking to the world. And perhaps that may shape their lives for leadership careers that advance in concrete terms the collective commitment to multilateralism.

It is in search of that commitment, the address by UN Secretary-General Mr Antnio Guterres is deserving of deep reflection. The world was reminded that no other global organ gives hope to so many people for a better world and as the Secretary-General added, the UN is "only as strong as its members commitment to its ideals and to each other".

Aware and quite convinced of the unique source of hope for the world that the UN has been and continues to be, as much as world leaders renew their commitments to ideals of peace and security, much in todays world is the absence of peace.

Civil war, border conflicts, armed rebellion and violence of all sorts, so brutal especially against women and children. But without apportioning blame to the worlds instrument of hope for peace and security, calls and loud demands for reform at the highest level of the UN are persistently made. It is unacceptable that the UN Security Council continues to be so unrepresentative of the worlds population in this 21st century.

This acute anomaly of the UN system continues to be noted on several occasions. As lucidly pointed to by Professor Adekeye Adebajo, Director of the Institute for Pan-African Thought & Conversation (IPATC), University of Johannesburg, While the Security Council represented 22% of UN membership in 1945, it accounts for just 8% of todays members." Consequently, as he added: This bodys legitimacy, has therefore become threadbare. It is no longer fit for purpose and must therefore include countries such as Brazil, India, Nigeria and South Africa to regain credibility as a truly representative body.

This call for reform of the Security Council was made by several African Heads of State & Government in the debate of the UNGA just concluded on September 25. Most noticeable also was Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, who added fuel to Africans' demands for reform by telling the audience that action on such reform should begin immediately.

Caribbean concerns at the GA.

While fully declaring their renewed commitment to the UN and its essential role in multilateralism, Caribbean leaders addressing the GA pledged the support of reform demands, as stated by others. They also pointed to the widely overlooked and underestimated debt crisis emerging and seriously engulfing developing countries, particularly the Middle-Income Countries (MICs).

Fiercely accentuated by the Covid-19 pandemic, the far-reaching implications of demolishing development gains of the last two decades, MICs are increasingly facing deepening debt crises. This is compounded by the distorted accounting system of the IFIs that deny these countries grant development finance, falsely classifying them as graduated from least developed status.

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which are all MICs, with the exception of Haiti, continue to be denied access to grant development financing.

At the same time, as in the case of the chain of Island economies, they remain exposed and vulnerable to annual recurring floods, destruction of housing, social infrastructure, loss of crops and livestock from hurricanes and storms, that have become more intense and frequent as a result of climate change.

In their addresses to the GA, Caribbean leaders of Barbados, Guyana, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago, among others, all referred to the burden of high debt and what was called, the deadly existential threat of the climate crisis, according to Prime Minister Mia Motley of Barbados. Facing high debt to GDP and debt service ratios, a plea was made by Dr Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad & Tobago, that a strong case exists for these MICs to be considered for debt relief.

Complementing these remarks of Caribbean leaders was the voice of Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta and President-in-Office of the Summit of Heads of State and Government of the OACPS, who in addressing the 75th GA, said that even after addressing the acute phase of the pandemic, we must all remain collectively committed to global recovery and further added that developing countries are seeking to have the existing debt moratoriums refined and extended to December 2021... (The Nation, Nairobi 29 September 2020).

The demand for those debt moratoriums to be refined and extended must certainly be cognizant of Caribbean concerns and of the MICs, across the Global South.

Indeed, in the search for a new post-COVID-19 fiscal pact, the international community must be reminded of the outstanding pledges of the Monterrey Consensus of March 2002. It was then agreed that developed countries would commit 0.7% of GNI to Official Development Assistance (ODA).

Regrettably not as many as six industrialised, developed countries have fulfilled that pledge almost two decades ago. In the face of the devastation by Covid-19 pandemic, across all countries rich and poor can we hope to see this 75th UN Anniversary as a marker of multilateral commitment to the developing world by being honoured in deed and freed of the rhetoric of the rich? [IDN-InDepthNews 30 September 2020]

*The writer, Dr Patrick I Gomes, was Secretary-General of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States for five years until February 29, 2020. The 79-nation inter-regional body officially became the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) on April 5, 2020. Dr Gomes was previously Ambassador of the Republic of Guyana, to the EU in Brussels.

Image: Map of the Caribbean Sea and its islands. CC BY-SA 3.0

IDN is flagship agency of the Non-profit International Press Syndicate.

Visit us on Facebook and Twitter.

This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. You are free to share, remix, tweak and build upon it non-commercially. Please give due credit.

View post:

Caribbean Concerns Find Voice at 75th Anniversary of the UN - IDN InDepthNews | Analysis That Matters

Sign up for our COVID-19 newsletter to stay up-to-date on the latest coronavirus news throughout New York City

Bunheads by Misty Copeland, illustrated by Setor Fiadzigbey

c.2020, Putnam $17.99 / $23.75 Canada 32 pages

These days, helping others is on point.

Its the best thing to do not just for them, but for you. Everybodys happy when you work together because it makes the task a little easier, and learning is better when you teach one another as you go. Helping others is right on point and, in the new book Bunheads by Misty Copeland, illustrated by Setor Fiadzigbey, its more fun, too.

Everyone was really excited when Miss Bradley made her announcement at the beginning of dance class. She said they were going to perform the ballet Copplia, a tale of a toymaker, a beautiful doll, a boy named Franz, and his jealous girlfriend, Swanilda. It was a dramatic tale and little Misty couldnt wait to dance that ballet.

This, in fact, would be her first big dance and she very much wanted to be Swanilda. But before she could do that, she had to try out for the role, just like all the other girls in ballet class. There were a lot of different dances to know and shed have to do them all perfectly, from the easy dvelopp to tendu front, to the very hard-to-do pas de bourre. Mistyd never danced like that before, but as Miss Bradley called Misty and a girl named Cat up to the front of the room, she said Misty was very good.

Miss Bradley asked Cat to show Misty the first part of the Copplia. Misty was so excited! Even the name, pronounced Co-pay-lee-ah, sounded magical and full of mystery!

But the next day, Mmisty began to have her doubts. Cat was really good. What if she wanted the part of Swanilda, too? How could Misty ever compete with anyone so talented?

As the other dancers filed into class, Cat and Misty stuck together. Cat began to teach Misty more moves, and it was so much fun but everyone in ballet class, it seemed, wanted to dance the Copplia. Misty could predict that Cat would definitely be in the ballet because nobody was a better dancer. But would Misty land a part, too?

At the risk of being a spoiler, theres a happy ending to Bunheads, but you probably already knew that, whether youre a patron of the ballet or not.

Which brings us to the meat of this book: even the title, referring to hairstyle, is for little ballet dancers. Pure and simple, its for kids who twirl and tippy-toe and jet through the house, kids who first-position without even thinking about it, kids whod wear a tutu in the tub, if they could. Author Misty Copeland speaks directly to their hearts with authenticity, and she addresses any ballet-diva behavior your little one might have by showing that competition is good but learning from the competition is better.

Non-dancers may appreciate this adorable book, but itll be so much more meaningful for little ballet stars or ballet fans, boys or girls, ages 3 to 7. If that barre is already set for your child, Bunheads is en pointe.

More:

For little tippy-toes, this book sets the barre - Caribbean Life

(Bloomberg) -- A Caribbean refinery shut for most of this decade is coming back to life at a time the oil industry is struggling to recover from a historic pandemic-led collapse in fuel demand.

Owners of the Limetree Bay refinery located in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, initiated thestart-upprocess in a crude distillation unit and may begin making market-ready gasoline by late October, according to people familiar with the matter. Once the 150,000-barrel a day unit stabilizes, other units would be put into service, they said. A spokesperson for Limetree Bay Holdings didnt respond to email and call seeking comment.

Shuttered since 2012, the refinery is being revived just as the stubborn nature ofCovid-19shines a spotlight on the uncertain outlook for petroleum consumption. The situation has forced several refiners to permanently shut plants orconverttheir facilities intogreeneroperations. The International Energy Agency expects to downgrade its next forecast for oil consumption. Still the refinery, formerly called Hovensa, is positioned to take advantage of gasoline demand in Latin America and has ample storage capacity at a time when traders can make money by storing fuel now to sell in the future.

At a time like this, its extremely useful to have storage with demand so weak, said Vikas Dwivedi, a global energy strategist for Macquarie Group Ltd in Houston. With most fuels like gasoline and diesel trading at a premium for supply in the future compared with the present, having available tanks to store fuel is a valuable asset. Dwivedi also noted, Capital was put in a long time ago. If you invested in something two years ago, you want to start it as soon as possible even if its not the best return that you wanted.

TheLimetree complexhas nearly 34 million barrels ofstoragefor crude and products, according to the company website. Of that figure, about 10 million barrels of crude storage have already been leased to a unit of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation. The refinery was initially set to restart at theend of 2019tocapitalizeon stricter rules for shipping fuel rolled out by theInternational Maritime Organizationthis year. But it missed that target and another one set for the first quarter. Eventually the onset of Covid-19 pandemic upended demand globally and affectedstaffingat the site.

The plant will also be positioned to meet demand for IMO-compliant fuels, which before the pandemic disrupted international commerce was expected to boost demand for cleaner-burning product, said Dwivedi. Eventually IMO fuels will be a force.

Its previous owners, Petroleos de Venezuela SA and Hess Corp., shut the plant in 2012 in response to a downturn in fuel demand and increased international competition. At that time, it could process 350,000 barrels a day, using mainly imported crudes, including supplies from its Venezuelan owners. Limetree Bay Holdings, an affiliate of private-equity firm ArcLight Capital and Freepoint Commodities, took over the site in 2015. EIG Global Energy Partners joined the partnership in 2018.

The Hovensa refinery was a key supplier of gasoline and diesel to states along the U.S. East Coast. In 2010, it accounted for about 15% of gasoline blendstock imports to the region, which includes New York Harbor, the delivery point for U.S. gasoline futures.

2020Bloomberg L.P.

Read the original post:

Caribbean Refinery Restarts After Eight Years of Disuse - Rigzone