Monthly Archives: July 2022

NATO’s New Division of Labor on Russia and China Won’t Be Easy – Foreign Policy

Posted: July 14, 2022 at 10:43 pm

For the first time since the Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century, Europe now views an Asian power as a direct security threat. Unlike Japan, which overran Europes East Asian colonies during World War II, China is a superpower with global reach. In NATOs new Strategic Concept, adopted at its Madrid summit last month, the alliance identifies Chinas ambitions and coercive policies as a challenge to its members interests, values, and security. However, focusing on China will be fundamentally different from the blocs traditional role of warding off territorial threats in Europe, with several fault lines between the United States and NATOs European members already built in.

Five factors explain NATOs landmark decision. Some have been familiar parts of the security debate for years; others gained salience only recently.

Firstand most obviouslyNATOs strategy is responding to Chinas rise and the emergence of a new bipolar international system, replacing the so-called U.S. unipolar moment of the 1990s and early 2000s. With Chinas economy estimated to be 25 percent larger than the United States by 2026 (measured in GDP at purchasing power parity), Beijing has the resources to further increase a defense budget that is already four times larger than Russias. As realists such as political scientist Kenneth Waltz have emphasized, a bipolar power structure compels other states to choose a side. Although the United States announced its rebalance to Asia in 2011, geographic distance and a certain strategic sloth have slowed Europes response to Chinas growing power. Thus, it has taken Europe and NATO another decade to categorize Chinas rise as a security challenge.

For the first time since the Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century, Europe now views an Asian power as a direct security threat. Unlike Japan, which overran Europes East Asian colonies during World War II, China is a superpower with global reach. In NATOs new Strategic Concept, adopted at its Madrid summit last month, the alliance identifies Chinas ambitions and coercive policies as a challenge to its members interests, values, and security. However, focusing on China will be fundamentally different from the blocs traditional role of warding off territorial threats in Europe, with several fault lines between the United States and NATOs European members already built in.

Five factors explain NATOs landmark decision. Some have been familiar parts of the security debate for years; others gained salience only recently.

Firstand most obviouslyNATOs strategy is responding to Chinas rise and the emergence of a new bipolar international system, replacing the so-called U.S. unipolar moment of the 1990s and early 2000s. With Chinas economy estimated to be 25 percent larger than the United States by 2026 (measured in GDP at purchasing power parity), Beijing has the resources to further increase a defense budget that is already four times larger than Russias. As realists such as political scientist Kenneth Waltz have emphasized, a bipolar power structure compels other states to choose a side. Although the United States announced its rebalance to Asia in 2011, geographic distance and a certain strategic sloth have slowed Europes response to Chinas growing power. Thus, it has taken Europe and NATO another decade to categorize Chinas rise as a security challenge.

Second, technological developments have finally forced Europes hand. Here, too, many European countries enjoying growing trade with China and preferring to view Beijing as a partner on all kinds of issues were slow to rise to the challenge. The opportunities for Beijing to weaponize cybertechnology, 5G, and other fourth industrial revolution technologies have brought China closer to Europe. More than any other topic, restricting Huaweis operations in Europe has dominated the debate on China between Washington and European capitals over the last three or four years.

What accelerated Europes shift on China is a third factor: increased uncertainty in Europe about U.S. long-term commitments to trans-Atlantic security. As long as Washington was committed to containing the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Europe could take the U.S. security guarantee for granted. This, of course, is no longer the case. For the past decade, Europe has seen the United States gradually rebalancing its strategic focus and resources to Asia, and then-U.S. President Donald Trump abruptly awakened European elites to the possibility that a U.S. withdrawal from Europe could be just one election away. In hopes of binding the United States to Europe more closely, European NATO members are aligning themselves with Washingtonincluding by shifting their stance on China sooner than they might otherwise have chosen.

Fourth, Chinas ideological shifts also accelerated Europes categorization of China as a threat. Beijings increasingly authoritarian turn under Chinese leader Xi Jinping, its tightened grip on Hong Kong, and its iron rule policy in Xinjiang did much to destroy Chinas image in Europe. The European Unions decision in 2021 to put the European Union-China investment agreement on ice was a direct response to Beijings policy in Xinjiang against it Uyghur population. Chinas more aggressive wolf-warrior diplomacy and increasing ability to block EU decisions in Brussels via its client states in Europe didnt go unnoticed either.

The fifth factor accelerating NATOs shift on China is the evolving Sino-Russian axis, most recently enhanced by Russias invasion of Ukraine. This is molding a distinct geopolitical divide. By stepping up its economic and diplomatic support for Russia since the start of the invasion, China has inserted itself as an actor into the most momentous war in Europe since 1945.

Nonetheless, even though the new Strategic Concept sends a strong signal of trans-Atlantic unity, it is too early to conclude that it enables a joint and well-coordinated U.S.-European approach on China. The reason for caution is geography. The U.S.-China rivalry presents NATO with a different challenge than the U.S.-Soviet one. During the Cold War, from its pivotal position in the Eurasian heartland, the Soviet Union constituted a threat to the entire Eurasian rim, from Europe all the way to the Far East, and it was a two-flank challenge to the United States. Europe was the core area of the Cold War strategic theater, and this consolidated not only a united threat perception among the United States and its European allies but also a common military strategy. Chinas geographic position, on the other hand, does not preordain trans-Atlantic unity in a similar way.

Moving from strategy to policy implementing the Strategic Concept, the United States and European NATO members will find that the geopolitical logic of U.S.-China rivalry will shape a new, and not always easy, trans-Atlantic division of labor in three major ways.

First, from its geographic position on the Asian rim facing the Pacific Ocean, China represents a one-flank challenge to the United States. U.S. balancing of China will thus be largely regional, focusing on the Indo-Pacific with a lower priority for the trans-Atlantic flank. In fact, the new U.S. National Defense Strategy presented in Marchafter the Russian invasion of Ukraine had already startedclearly states that priority will be given to deter the China challenge in the Indo-Pacific. One important outcome of the war in Ukraineand the consolidation of the European side of NATO with Finland and Sweden as new membersis a more balanced burden-sharing within NATO, which allows the United States to channel more resources to Asia over the long term. Even before Russias invasion of Ukraine, the debate had increasingly shifted toward putting Europe in a position to defend itself. With Germany and other European countries committing to greater defense expenditures in the wake of Russias war, European defenses will indeed be bolstered.

Secondly, balancing China in the Indo-Pacific theater will require the United States to lean more on Quadrilateral Security Dialogue members and other Asian partners than on NATO. In recent years, the larger European nations have eagerly deployed naval vessels to sail in Asian waters, though some of these deployments have been little more than symbolic. NATO is strengthening relations with its formal Asia-Pacific partnersAustralia, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealandwith an agreement to step up cooperation in areas such as cybersecurity, other new technologies, and countering disinformation. Nevertheless, it is still nebulous how exactly European militaries will add value to U.S. balancing efforts in Asia. European navies have been in constant decline since the end of the Cold War, whereas the Chinese navy has surpassed its U.S. counterpart in terms of number of vessels. China is now building theequivalentof the entire French Navy every four years. Elbridge Colby,co-founder of the Marathon Initiative, has suggested that it might serve the United States better to have Europe play to its strengths in the Euro-Atlantic area, an opinion echoed by U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin. Commenting on the British deployment of its new aircraft carrier, HMS Queen Elizabeth, to the Indo-Pacific region in 2021, Austin indicated that Britain is more helpful closer to home than in Asia.

Finally, due to its limited geographic reach across Eurasia, China will remain a lesser threat to European security than Russia. With Russia an openly belligerent threat for the foreseeable future, European resources will be pinned down at home, impeding the implementation of a joint trans-Atlantic approach in the Far East. For instance, NATO plans to increase the strength of its rapid reaction force dedicated to the defense of its Eastern European members nearly eightfold to 300,000 troops. Even though U.S. armed forces will remain engaged in Europe, the bulk of NATOs increased presence along its Eastern European frontier will have to be provided by European countries. And the security challenges in Europes own neighborhood are by no means limited to Russia. At a time when the United States is increasingly preoccupied in Asia, Europe faces crumbling stability in the Middle East, North Africa and other regions directly affecting Europe, not least through potential migration and refugee crises.

Against this background, it is inevitable that the main challenge for the United States and European allies over the coming years will be to design a trans-Atlantic division of labor. The problem is that this division has to be crafted in a more sophisticated fashion than the simple logic of Europe deterring Russia while the United States balances China. Such a simplistic division of labor not only risks a trans-Atlantic drift, but it could also result in a gradual military transformation gap, leaving NATO and Europe behind as a second-rate defense force. Moreover, deterring Russia is no simple, one-dimensional task. In Eastern Europe, it is a land-based theater, whereas in Northern Europe, it is largely sea based. Each creates different requirements for trans-Atlantic collaboration.

The division of labor debate has already begun. The Aspen Strategy Group has made the simple and obvious recommendation that Washington and Europe strengthen the trans-Atlantic dialogue on China. Others emphasize how the United States could save billions of dollars by suggesting NATO transcend geographic boundaries by focusing on defending cyber and outer space. As these examples show, the discourse is still in its infancy. A successful strategy will require much more work and fine-tuning, including inputs from policymakers, diplomats, defense officials, and the wider strategic communities in the United States, Europe, and Asian partner countries. NATOs belated acknowledgment in Madrid of a new global balance of power means this work can finally start.

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NATO's New Division of Labor on Russia and China Won't Be Easy - Foreign Policy

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Increase support for Ukraine, or NATO may have to fight – The Hill

Posted: at 10:43 pm

President Biden summed up the results of discussions concerning support for Ukraine at the late June NATO summit this way: We are going to stick with Ukraine, and all of the Alliance is going to stick with Ukraine, as long as it takes, to make sure they are not defeated by Russia. The U.S. and NATO didnt seek this situation but we are in it. Nobody wants a war with Russia, but we are in too deep to get out now and must see this to the end.

Russian propaganda aside, Ukraine did nothing to provoke Russias attack. This is nothing less than an attempt by Vladimir Putin, who evidently considers himself the reincarnation of Peter the Great, to recreate the Russian Empire.

With strong U.S. leadership, NATO is rejuvenated and doing a good job of providing Ukraine heavier and more modern weapons to defend against a more powerful Russian army. But after four months of war, the consequences are starting to spill over into the larger global community. Rising prices at the gas pump, soaring inflation, and food shortages in some regions from a Russian blockade that prevents the export of Ukrainian crops, are causing pundits to suggest its time for Ukraine to seek a negotiated settlement even if Ukraine had to cede a substantial part of the country to the invader.

Others continue to speculate whether Western unity, which is key to helping Ukraine resist aggression, might begin to fracture. Gas is costing us more and our investments are not doing well, so lets force the victim of naked aggression to call it quits. But as Biden has stated, it is up to the Ukrainians to decide their fate.

In reality, Ukraine is fighting our war, too, because if Putin is successful in dominating or absorbing all of Ukraine into Russia which still appears to be his goal he then will turn on other former members of the defunct Soviet Union and Russia-dominated Warsaw Pact, some of whom are now members of NATO. Thousands of Ukrainians are dying while fighting for the same freedom and sovereignty that the American colonies sought in 1776. As Benjamin Franklin reportedly said then about the need for unity: We must, indeed, all hang together or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately.

But, thus far, the U.S. and NATO have been self-deterred when deciding what type of support to provide Ukraine: Artillery yes, but not with ranges long enough to hit targets on Russian territory where Russian logistics bases have sanctuary. Old Russian fighters from former Warsaw Pact members are OK, but no modern fighters because Putin might consider this escalatory. But as Biden himself is fond of saying, Come on. The Ukrainians deserve our full support to prevent their defeat, no matter what it takes.

And lets end the slow dribbling of sanctions on Russia. Sanctions take time to work, and they are starting to have an impact on the Russian economy. But doling out another one or two after each outrageous Russian action just gives Russia time to adapt. If any Russian banks or major corporations that support the Russian military have not been sanctioned yet, lets do it now. Sanctions can impact the Russian armys ability to obtain repair parts and force them to take older and less capable equipment out of storage. So, while Ukraine is getting a steady stream of modern equipment from the West, Russia is resorting to outdated equipment.

Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, a former Supreme Allied Commander Europe and superintendent of West Point, advised three American presidents on national security issues. He once responded to a question from a confused cadet who pointed out that most of the situations being discussed had several variables and there always seemed to be two or three sides to the issue. How do you decide what decision to make? Goodpaster replied, I just ask myself what is best for my country.

In the Ukraine/Russia conflict, one must determine the one thing that either must or must not happen to establish a guidepost for making hard decisions. Its a bad situation, to be sure, but heres the bottom line: The one thing that must not happen is allowing Putin to come away as the perceived winner. If that happens, the rules-based global order that has kept the peace among the major powers since World War II will be mortally wounded. Europe will be destabilized for the indefinite future and NATO likely will be forced to defend one or more of its members. So, we need to do whatever is necessary to ensure that Putin has made a colossal mistake.

This is a fight the U.S. and Europe cannot allow Ukraine to lose. The best chance to avoid direct NATO conflict with Russia is to stop being self-deterred by measuring every decision against whether or not Putin will consider it to be escalatory, and provide Ukraine with the capabilities it needs to defeat this Russian invasion. Putin can rattle his nuclear saber but no matter how bad his situation becomes at the conventional level, it wont be improved by using nuclear weapons.

Ultimately, NATO may have to fight if not now to save Ukraine, then later to save itself.

John Fairlamb, Ph.D., is a retired Army colonel who served for 45 years as a commissioned officer and Department of the Army civilian in various Joint Service positions formulating and implementing national security strategies and policies. His doctorate is in comparative defense policy analysis.

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Increase support for Ukraine, or NATO may have to fight - The Hill

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EU Allows Russia to Move Goods Through NATO Nations After Putin Warning – Newsweek

Posted: at 10:43 pm

Russia is permitted to transit sanctioned goods through European Union nations as long as it is done by rail, the bloc's executive arm said Wednesday.

In June, Lithuania applied EU sanctions, which were imposed on Russia in the wake of its invasion of Ukraine, to restrict the transit of certain Russian goods like coal, iron and steel to the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad. Kaliningrad is a piece of Russian-controlled territory sandwiched between the Baltic Sea and Lithuania and Poland, both of which are members of the EU and NATO. Russian President Vladimir Putin's administration sharply condemned the move, with Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov calling it "more than serious" and a "violation of everything," according to Reuters.

Putin ally Nikolai Patrushev, the secretary of Russia's Security Council, also warned of "serious consequences" as a result of the restrictions, the Guardian reported. This encouraged fears that the ongoing Russia-Ukraine War could escalate dramatically, since the targeting of a NATO member state could force direct involvement from the military alliance.

New legal guidance issued by the European Commission on Wednesday specified that while "the transit of sanctioned goods by road with Russian operators is not allowed" under the EU's sanctions, "no such similar prohibition exists for rail transport." This means that Russia can, in fact, transit the sanctioned goods by rail to Kaliningrad through NATO members Lithuania and Poland.

The guidance said that EU member states will keep tabs on whether the transit volumes are in line with averages of the last three years, "in particular reflecting the real demand for essential goods at the destination, and that there are no unusual flows or trade patterns that could give rise to circumvention."

"The transit of sanctioned military and dual use goods and technology is fully prohibited in any eventregardless of the mode of transport," it added.

The European Commission called on its member states to prevent any "circumvention" of the bloc's restrictions, as well as to monitor trade flows between Russia and Kaliningrad to make sure that sanctioned goods can't enter EU customs territory.

It also stressed the importance of the EU's sanctions in responding to Russia's ongoing invasion, saying that the restrictions are "unprecedented and designed to increase economic pressure on Russia and undermine its ability to wage its war on Ukraine."

"The EU stands united in solidarity with Ukraine and will continue to support Ukraine and its people together with its international partners, including through additional political, financial and humanitarian support," the European Commission said in a press release.

Newsweek reached out to the European Commission and the foreign ministries of Lithuania and Russia for comment.

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EU Allows Russia to Move Goods Through NATO Nations After Putin Warning - Newsweek

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COVID-19 cases and deaths in Virginia nursing homes rise for the second consecutive month – Virginia Mercury

Posted: at 10:41 pm

Coronavirus cases and deaths among nursing home residents rose statewide for the second straight month after a long period of decline, according to data from AARP Virginia, the state chapter of the national advocacy group for Americans aged 50 and older.

Rates are still far lower than in the early days of the pandemic, when the virus swept through long-term care facilities largely unchecked. From late April to mid-June, resident case rates in Virginia increased from 2.74 per 100 to 4.14, while death rates increased from .04 per 100 to .06, according to a Thursday news release.

Data from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services indicates that just over 84 percent of nursing home residents in Virginia are fully vaccinated and boosted, and the states continued low death rate among those vulnerable patients speaks to the strong protection vaccines convey against severe disease and death. But the rise is still concerning, advocates say, amid the continued spread of highly infectious subvariants. Until the most recent increase over the last two months, both cases and deaths had been steadily declining in nursing homes following the states historic winter surge.

Rising deaths and cases of COVID-19 among nursing home residents and staff nationally show that for their sakes, we must remain vigilant, David DeBiasi, the advocacy director of AARP Virginia, said in a statement. And we must hold nursing homes accountable for providing high quality care and safe environments.

For much of the pandemic, cases and deaths in nursing homes have been a bellwether for spread in the broader community. When transmission is high, it increases the risk of staff members catching and spreading the virus to elderly patients.

Eighteen counties and localities in Virginia are currently seeing a high level of transmission, including the city of Richmond, according to data from the U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. And statewide, case numbers are still on the rise, driven largely by the highly infectious omicron subvariant BA.5, which shows signs of being able to evade immunity from previous vaccines and infections.

The New York Times reported that the subvariant is driving a new wave of cases, reinfections and hospitalizations across the country, and theres also been a rise in COVID admissions statewide, according to data from the Virginia Hospital and Healthcare Association. Deaths currently remain at their lowest level since the start of the pandemic, based on reporting from the Virginia Department of Health.

But on average, case rates across Virginia are roughly four times higher than they were last summer, according to the most recent report from UVAs Biocomplexity Institute, which provides modeling and projections to state health officials. Hospitalization numbers are also rising more quickly than cases, which thanks to the proliferation of at-home testing are going unreported to a much larger degree than earlier in the pandemic.

AARP Virginia said the increase of cases and deaths among some of the most vulnerable Virginians heightened concerns that a new surge is upon us. But health experts continue to emphasize that COVID-19 vaccines are still highly protective against severe disease and death, even with immune-evading subvariants.

In late June, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration directed vaccine manufacturers to develop booster doses that targeted newer omicron variants. Those shots are expected to be released in the fall, and UVA researchers urged anyone already eligible for a fourth dose to get one as soon as possible.

BA.4 and BA.5 are both capable of causing reinfections among those with natural and vaccine-induced immunity, they wrote. Models suggest these two subvariants may cause a small case surge in the coming months.

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COVID-19 cases and deaths in Virginia nursing homes rise for the second consecutive month - Virginia Mercury

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Interferon treatment may reduce severity of COVID-19 in people with certain genetic factors – National Institutes of Health (.gov)

Posted: at 10:41 pm

Media Advisory

Thursday, July 14, 2022

Researchers from the National Cancer Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, and their collaborators have discovered that people of European and African ancestries who were hospitalized for COVID-19 are more likely to carry a particular combination of genetic variants in a gene known as OAS1 than patients with mild disease who were not hospitalized. People with this combination of genetic variants also remain positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection longer. However, interferon treatment may reduce the severity of COVID-19 in people with these genetic factors. Interferons are a type of protein that can help the bodys immune system fight infection and other diseases, such as cancer.

The study appears July 14 in Nature Genetics.

These findings build on previous studies that have suggested that genetic factors, such as genetic variants affecting OAS antiviral proteins that facilitate the detection and breakdown of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, may influence the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The NCI researchers and their collaborators found that treatment of cells with an interferon decreased the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. The researchers also analyzed data from a clinical trial in which patients with COVID-19 who were not hospitalized were treated with the recombinant interferon pegIFN-1 and found that treatment improved viral clearance in all patients; those with the OAS1 risk variants benefitted the most. The results suggest that interferon treatment may improve COVID-19 outcomes and specifically in patients with certain OAS1 genetic variants who have impaired ability to clear infection.

Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Ph.D., and Oscar Florez-Vargas, Ph.D., Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute

Genetic regulation of OAS1 nonsense-mediated decay underlies association with COVID-19 hospitalization in patients of European and African ancestries appears July 14 in Nature Genetics.

About the National Cancer Institute (NCI): NCI leads the National Cancer Program and NIHs efforts to dramatically reduce the prevalence of cancer and improve the lives of people with cancer. NCI supports a wide range of cancer research and training extramurally through grants and contracts. NCIs intramural research program conducts innovative, transdisciplinary basic, translational, clinical, and epidemiological research on the causes of cancer, avenues for prevention, risk prediction, early detection, and treatment, including research at the NIH Clinical Centerthe worlds largest research hospital. Learn more about NCIs intramural research from the Center for Cancer Research and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. For more information about cancer, please visit the NCI website at cancer.gov or call NCIs contact center at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH):NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.

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Interferon treatment may reduce severity of COVID-19 in people with certain genetic factors - National Institutes of Health (.gov)

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BinaxNOW COVID-19 Test Reviews: What You Should Know – Healthline

Posted: at 10:41 pm

The number of COVID-19 cases continues to rise in the United States and the world. To slow down the spread of the virus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends testing often, especially if youve recently been in contact with people who have symptoms or test positive.

When it comes to at-home testing, the BinaxNOW COVID-19 test is one of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-authorized at-home COVID-19 tests under emergency use authorization (EUA).

You can use this test whether you have symptoms. If you dont have symptoms, the manufacturers advise you to take the test twice in 3 days.

Heres what you need to know about this test kit, safety precautions, price, and more.

The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self-Test is an FDA-authorized at-home test kit for detecting active infections with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in people with and without symptoms.

According to the company, this test kit can screen for many SARS-CoV-2 strains, including the Delta and Omicron variants.

The BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self-Test is a rapid test that uses a shallow nasal swab sample to check for the presence or absence of proteins from the virus that causes COVID-19.

Heres how it works:

Healthline senior associate Sydney Hanan tested out the BinaxNOW COVID-19 kit and found it to be fairly similar to other at-home testing kits that are available.

It came with pretty much everything I needed to take the two tests, including two test cards, two dropper bottles, two swabs, and an instruction sheet, she said. The only thing I needed to provide myself was a time, which was easy enough to do on my phone.

Sydney noted that shes taken different types of at-home COVID-19 tests and that BinaxNOW was straightforward and easy.

[It] takes about 20 minutes in total (5 to perform the test, and 15 to get the results), she said.

According to the CDC, if your results are positive, you can trust the accuracy of an at-home COVID-19 test kit. This includes the BinaxNOW COVID-19 test.

However, you may not be able to rely on this test kit (or similar at-home options) if your results show negative. You might still have COVID-19, especially if youre showing COVID-19 symptoms.

The manufacturers recommend testing again after 24 to 48 hours to confirm your results. If it still shows negative despite your symptoms, its best to consult your doctor.

If you see an invalid result, the test didnt work, and youll need to take another test.

The FDA highlighted a study that found that the BinaxNOW COVID-19 test kit was 91.7% accurate at detecting positive cases and 100% reliable at finding negative cases.

That being said, the FDA also stated that because the study was small, it estimates that the kit can correctly identify 73% to 98.9% of positive cases.

Another study that tested people who had been showing COVID-19 symptoms for at least 7 days saw that the kit was 84.6% accurate at correctly identifying a person with COVID-19. It was also 98.5% accurate at detecting a person without COVID-19.

Other studies suggest that you can rely on the kit to detect the Omicron and Delta variants, and other variants of concern (VOC).

BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Self-Test is a product of Abbott Laboratories, an internationally recognized healthcare technology company.

However, Abbott Laboratories is not accredited by the Better Business Bureau and currently has a rating o 1.06 out of 5 stars. In the past year, the company has closed 65 complaints. Most complaints are about products other than the BinaxNOW COVID-19 test, but some note that the companys customer service is poor.

The test kit is rated 4.7 out of 5 stars from 10,540 global ratings on Amazon. Most of the reviews were positive, noting that the kit was easy to use and worked well for detecting COVID-19.

A few complained about the boxs contents. Some said that the box came with only one kit instead of two. Another mentioned that the boxs seal had already broken on arrival.

You can get the BinaxNOW COVID-19 test at retailers like:

According to the FDA, you can get a negative result even when you have COVID-19 (this is called a false negative). Still, the company doesnt mention the possibility of getting a false-positive result. Although there arent any reported false-positive cases with this test kit, its still something that you should be aware of.

A 2021 study observed that rapid COVID-19 tests detected infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 72% of people with symptoms and 58% without symptoms.

As of early 2022, people with a health plan or health insurance can get any FDA-authorized at-home test for free or be reimbursed for paying for the at-home test. You can contact your provider for more information.

People 15 years and older, vaccinated or unvaccinated, with or without COVID-19 symptoms, can take this test. But if youre without symptoms and your results show negative, take another test in 24 to 48 hours.

An adult can administer the test for children 2 years or older.

At-home rapid COVID-19 test kits are quick, cost-effective ways of testing to see whether you have COVID-19. You can also take these tests wherever you are and get your results in minutes.

The BinaxNOW COVID-19 test is an FDA-authorized COVID-19 test kit under a EUA that can detect whether you have the virus. Your results will be available within 15 to 30 minutes.

While this test kit is FDA-authorized, it isnt 100% accurate and can still reflect false or inconclusive results. You can consult your doctor or take an in-person PCR test for more accurate results.

Frances Gatta is a freelance healthcare writer with experience writing on general health, womens health, healthcare technology, mental health, and personalized nutrition. You can connect with her on Twitter and LinkedIn.

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BinaxNOW COVID-19 Test Reviews: What You Should Know - Healthline

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Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline – World Health Organization

Posted: at 10:41 pm

The WHO Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline contains the Organizations most up-to-date recommendations for the use of therapeutics in the treatment of COVID-19. The latest version of this living guideline is available in pdf format (via the Download button) and via an online platform, and is updated regularly as new evidence emerges.

This tenth version of the WHO living guideline now contains 19 recommendations, including two new recommendations regarding fluvoxamine and colchicine. No further updates to the previous existing recommendations were made in this latest version.

Other COVID-19 therapeutics that are currently under consideration by WHO include fluvoxamine, colchicine and anticoagulants. This guideline will be updated if/when sufficient new evidence warrants this.

Guidelines regarding the clinical management of COVID-19 patients are included in a further document, COVID-19 Clinical management: Living guideline, that can be accessed via an online platform and in pdf format (or click PDF in top right corner of online platform).

To view previous (now outdated) versions of this guideline, please see the links below:

This document was updated on 14 July 2022

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Study Finds COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Beneficial for People with Lupus – Lupus Foundation of America

Posted: at 10:41 pm

In a new study, people with lupus who received an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose or booster shot were significantly less likely to contract a subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection also known as a breakthrough infection. An immediate increase in antibody levels also occurred when administered a booster even in people on immunosuppressive therapies who did not respond to the initial round of vaccination.

Researchers monitored 163 fully COVID-19 vaccinated men and women with lupus to see who developed the disease. Of the group, only 125 had received a booster shot. Of the 125 people with lupus who received a booster shot, only 22% developed COVID-19, while 42% of those who had not received a booster shot developed the disease.

The unlikely development of severe COVID-19 disease in vaccinated people with lupus after receiving a booster shot is reassuring. Talk to your healthcare provider about receiving a COVID-19 vaccination and/or booster, and continue to follow the Lupus Foundation of America for breaking news about lupus and the novel coronavirus and learn more about the COVID-19 vaccine and lupus.

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‘COVID-19 created the perfect storm’ for superbugs, CDC report says – Lewiston Sun Journal

Posted: at 10:41 pm

The pandemic pushed back years of progress in the fight against deadly superbugs as hospital-acquired infections and deaths rose considerably in 2020, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention said in a report this week.

Nearly 30,000 people died from superbugs a bacteria, virus, parasite or fungus resistant to antimicrobial drugs most associated with health care settings. Two out of every five people who died in 2020 acquired the infection in a hospital, a 15% increase from 2019.

COVID-19 created a perfect storm, the report said.

There were sicker patients who were hospitalized for longer periods compared to before the pandemic, which left patients especially vulnerable to infections associated with long hospital stays.

About 80% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 received antibiotics.

While some of this prescribing can be appropriate when risks for related bacterial or fungal infections are unknown, this high level of prescribing can also put patients at risk for side effects and create a pathway for resistance to develop and spread, the report said.

The risk of contracting a bacterial or fungal infection typically increases the longer someone stays in a hospital.

The longer someone is on a ventilator or a catheter, for example, or is getting their blood drawn often means that there is more access to the closed off spaces in your body than normal, where bacteria and fungus can slip in, Dr. Lori D. Banks, an assistant professor of biology at Bates College in Lewiston, said.

Its a twofold thing where its got new access that it didnt have before and your immune system is not strong enough to fight it off, Banks said.

And it is common that patients with viral respiratory tract infections to develop a co-occurring bacterial infection, Central Maine Medical Center pharmacist Heather Bowman said. Bowman also co-leads the hospitals antimicrobial stewardship program with Dr. Imad Durra.

At the outset of COVID-19, the prevalence and incidence of bacterial co-infections was not known and given the high mortality seen in the beginning of the pandemic, there was a more liberal use of antibiotics seen nationally, Bowman said.

We now have better data to support that bacterial co-infection is less common than initially thought and have better treatments, such as the antiviral Paxlovid, to treat COVID-19, she said.

Overprescribing of any antimicrobial in this case, antibiotics can inadvertently weed out the superbugs from among the pack, Banks said.

Microbes like viruses and bacteria are constantly replicating themselves and unlike humans, whose cells completely regenerate on the order of every 25 to 30 years, these microbes are replicating in a matter of minutes or hours.

Every time one of them replicates, theres room for error. That error is a mutation, some of which are resistant to antimicrobial treatments. In the case of antibiotic resistance, for example, Banks said the bacteria make these sort of PacMan-looking enzymes that are able to literally like chew on the drug and make it ineffective, Banks said.

There may only be a couple microbes with these mutations out of a few million or billion, but what the antimicrobe will do is kill all the mutation-less microbes and single out the superbugs.

Youre selecting for or enriching the environment to allow for their survival, Banks said. And so thats what we see is that in these repeat exposures to antibiotics were actually creating the population thats dangerous.

But with nearly 80% of COVID-19 patients on an antibiotic, this process is repeated on a massive scale, Banks said.

Staffing and supply shortages nationwide may have also contributed to lapses in infection control and prevention in hospitals.

When anyone is asked to work harder and longer hours with less support, fatigue develops, shortcuts may be created and it can result in adverse events, such as ultimately the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, Joanne Kenny-Lynch, CMHs system director of infection prevention, said.

While all three hospitals in CMHs network CMMC, Bridgton Hospital and Rumford Hospital did not have any documented or notable increases in antimicrobial-resistant infections, Maine saw some increases statewide.

According to the Maine CDCs annual infectious disease report, there was a 14% increase in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, infections in 2020 compared to 2019. The U.S. CDC report identified MRSA as a serious public health threat.

While superbugs are a very real and present danger made worse by the pandemic, there are a few easy ways to combat these infections, Banks said.

First: Throw out that antibacterial hand soap. Or hand lotion. Or all-purpose cleaner. Antibacterial products and antibiotics attack all cells the same, whether it is the good kind or the bad kind.

And so if we are trying to kill off the bad guys but also killing off the good guys, thats not helpful or healthy, she said. Outside of clinical settings, Banks said to avoid antibacterial products.

Second, while people like Kenny-Lynch and Bowman at CMMC are working directly with prescribers to avoid prescribing antibiotics when they are unnecessary, Banks said it is always helpful to have a discussion with your provider before they prescribe antibiotics to decide if that is the best course of action.

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'COVID-19 created the perfect storm' for superbugs, CDC report says - Lewiston Sun Journal

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The long term effects of COVID-19 – LMH Health

Posted: at 10:41 pm

If you do a simple Google search for COVID symptoms, you get a long list. And if you search for long-term COVID symptoms, you may find another long list. From loss of taste and smell to brain fog and lung issues, the lasting symptoms vary widely and unfortunately, there is no firm answer on when or if the symptoms will go away.

Lawrence resident Caroline Trowbridge noticed her first COVID symptom in January 2021. After cooking virtually with her niece, her meal didnt taste right. Then she realized she wasnt actually tasting the Brussels sprout pizza shed made. Shed been exposed five days before, but had had two negative tests.

I remember thinking: oh, this could be a symptom of COVID. My only symptoms were a light headache and loss of taste. Not smell. Only taste. It seems my case is an odd one because I only had a couple of light symptoms, but it has been over a year and a half now, and I still have no taste, she said. Unfortunately, at that time, vaccines were not available to me yet so I wasnt vaccinated. Now I am fully vaccinated and boosted and will continue to get boosters to protect myself from contracting it again.

Trowbridge, a retired journalist, said she sometimes thinks she may be tasting a food or drink, but when she holds her nose, she realizes thats not the case.

Caroline Trowbridge

I enjoy eating very aromatic foods because that sometimes makes it seem that I am tasting them. Ive gotten fairly creative, trying to adapt by adding spices to my meals, but I cannot taste sweets. And some foods, such as steak and mashed potatoes, taste faint and different, even though I can smell them, she said.

Though Trowbridge considers herself lucky to have contracted such a seemingly mild case of COVID, loss of taste is no small symptom. Chad Johanning, MD, a doctor with Lawrence Family Practice, said he has seen an array of post-COVID symptoms in his clinic.

Fortunately with vaccination, we have seen less of lost taste and smell and more non-specific fatigue, shortness of breath, cough and chest pain, he said. We dont know tons but what we do know is if patients who have more severe cases of COVID often have longer-lasting symptoms afterward. The frustrating part as a doctor is not being able to give my patients a specific timeframe when their symptoms will go away. I can give them a general range but some may not ever fully go away.

Dr. Johanning said a good course of action after having COVID is to visit your primary care provider for an evaluation and check-up. Sometimes there may be a useful treatment or your symptoms may be related to another underlying health condition. Regardless, it may give you more peace of mind than what Dr. Google has to say.

Researching your symptoms and learning from Dr. Google is not necessarily a bad thing, however, it can lead to more anxiety and not always the root cause of the issue, he said. It is important not to blame all your symptoms on COVID so we advise you to come and see your doctor, especially if symptoms havent begun to resolve 3-4 weeks post-COVID.

The sooner you call your doctor about your COVID diagnosis and symptoms the better. Some treatments have been proven effective at helping reduce the effects of COVID-19.

Paxlovid is a medicine that is a great treatment for mild to moderate COVID. It is an oral medication taken over five days and can aid in stopping the infection, Dr. Johanning said. Its use is similar to Tamiflu that we use for Influenza but much better and much more effective against COVID.

Krishna Rangarajan, MD, a pulmonologist with Lawrence Pulmonary Specialists, said he has seen many different post-COVID symptoms, but the most have been intense brain fog and lasting lung issues.

I have had a few patients who became hospitalized with severe COVID pneumonia and still require oxygen, he said. Most had no known lung disease before and were not on oxygen. For some, these issues are still present themselves even close to a year later. These are individuals in the prime of their lives that have developed these long-lasting COVID symptoms.

Dr. Rangarajan agreed with Dr. Johanning that it is important to check in with your healthcare team, as sometimes these symptoms may occur from something unrelated to COVID.

Most people I see have recovered significantly, however, there are some that still battle the effects of COVID daily, he said. There may not be anything at this moment that can relieve and take away the lasting symptoms, but we can do our best to advise and walk with you to manage your symptoms.

Dr. Rangarajan recommends some level of activity for his patients at whatever level you can. Moving your body in any way is important even if it is just standing, taking short walks or pool exercises. Eating a healthy, well-balanced diet can also support managing symptoms and keeping you as healthy as possible.

As I mentioned, most have recovered, but those who havent got hit hard. Getting your vaccine and staying up-to-date on your boosters are incredibly important tools to help you avoid severe complications with COVID-19, he said. It is never too late to get your vaccine or to start making small changes to help you live a healthier life each day.

Have you heard about Paxlovid? Yale Medicine online describes it as an oral, antiviral pill that can be taken at home to help keep high-risk patients from getting so sick that they need to be hospitalized. If you test positive for COVID, this drug aids in lowering your risk of hospitalization or severe effects.

It is important to contact your primary care provider within the first 5 days of your symptoms with positive COVID test. This is when it is most effective, Dr. Johanning said. If youre high risk for COVID complications, you should contact your primary care doctor to determine if Paxlovid is right for you. It is a safe and effective treatment than can help reduce the long-term effects and save your life

To learn more, visit our website at http://www.lmh.org or call your primary care provider.

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The long term effects of COVID-19 - LMH Health

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