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Monthly Archives: March 2021
Connecting the Supply Chain One TMS at a Time – Supply and Demand Chain Executive
Posted: March 11, 2021 at 12:21 pm
The world is moving at an unbelievable pace, and nowhere is that more apparent than in technology. As available technologies expand and become more advanced, the line between the physical and virtual worlds gets more narrow. The physical side of technological advancements includes computers, mobile devices and sensors, while the virtual side is the software running on those physical devices.
Within the supply chain, various stakeholders run a wide variety of software solutions. These technologies manage operations, keep track of assets, plan shipments, complete transactions, identify new business opportunities, communicate with employees, monitor compliance and handle maintenance needs. Each of these solutions, which may be provided by different technology providers, represents a node that collects data.
While back-office shipper, broker, third-party logistics (3PL) and carrier staff have long used computers to manage operations within a transportation management system (TMS) or warehouse management system (WMS), the U.S. electronic logging device (ELD) mandate and upcoming Canadian ELD mandate have rapidly accelerated the use of physical technology in each truck thats on the road in the form of in-cab e-logging devices. The newfound ubiquity of technology within the trucking sector has unlocked huge potential for the industry to create a network of nodes that communicate with each other.
By connecting all of those nodes together as a single network rather than individual fragments, new opportunities for collaboration can be found within the supply chain opportunities that simultaneously improve uptime, create efficiencies and reduce costs.
There are many pieces of a shipments journey that must be managed correctly in order for it to get from shipments from origin to destination. Many solutions may be used along the way, including an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, a procurement system, a TMS, WMS and more. A connected supply chain would bring the data from each of these solutions together into a single network platform, regardless of which provider developed each specific tech solution.
Additionally, each role within the supply chain, whether its a shipper, carrier, broker or 3PL, has a different set of goals and needs. These are similar enough that increased visibility into each others data would give all stakeholders the ability to collaborate more closely and create efficiencies.
In the past, tech solutions in the supply chain were built to stand alone or only integrate with the other solutions within that companys portfolio. This led to a very painful and expensive rip-and-replace mindset around hardware and software solutions that has ultimately become unbearable for the industry.
The good news is that pain helped create a new way of doing business, and those painful days are gone. What transportation and logistics companies need now is the ability to integrate all of the discrete solutions within their own operations, as well as to third parties, in order to keep shipments moving quickly and effectively.
Allowing users to access a more modular network of apps is what will eventually create a best-in-breed system that enables more transparent data visibility and collaboration between parties. It will bring down the cost of doing business while increasing efficiencies and enabling even more advanced analytics and insights.
The supply chain industry is only now beginning to scratch the surface of what is possible when advanced technologies are leveraged in tandem. As the world continues moving and changing, two of the most exciting new areas in technology are cryptocurrency and blockchain. These two technologies are very buzzworthy and often misunderstood, but the potential that both hold is amazing.
Blockchain is a new way to securely validate transactions and cryptocurrency is an alternate mode of payment for services. Both of these new forms of technology often go hand-in-hand as modular solutions, just like the connected supply chain. In fact, the network of connected nodes could be driven by blockchain, encrypting and validating every transaction that occurs throughout a shipments journey, and payments could be made using cryptocurrency.
The retail and warehousing sectors are already being transformed, but will continue to see massive changes in the near term as companies become more intelligent about what theyre stocking and how they stock it. Every day we move closer to a future where retail stores are more like showrooms, with customers ordering products in store for next-day or even same day home delivery. This future is enabled by increasingly advanced and connected technology.
While there is still work to be done over the coming years to bring these ideas into everyday use, these are no longer crazy, futuristic concepts. Instead, these futuristic technologies are currently being built, which means that the rest of the supply chain will need to catch up in order to be ready to take full advantage of the value they provide.
The supply chain fuels the world, so how are we fueling the supply chain? Preparing for a more collaborative, modular environment is the first step to enabling the supply chain of the future.
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Axele Webinar: How Small and Midsized Carriers Can Harness the Power of Data – GlobeNewswire
Posted: at 12:21 pm
DALLAS, March 11, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Axele, LLC, a Transportation Management System (TMS) company, announces hosting a webinar with the Truckload Carriers Association (TCA), on "How Small and Midsize Carriers Can Harness the Power of Data." The free webinar will be at 1:00 PM ET, March 18, 2021.
Technology provides larger carriers with lots of data, but owner-operators and small-to-medium-sized carriers get left out of the loop," says Ryan Camacho, Director of Strategy & Business Development, Axele. This free webinar explains how to extract meaningful data without spending a fortune and use data to improve the bottom line.
Join TCA, DAT Principal Industry Analyst Dean Croke, ATBS President and CEO Todd Amen, and Axele Director of Strategy & Business Development Ryan Camacho at 1 PM ET on Thursday, March 18, as they discuss:
To register for the webinar, visit https://www.truckload.org/events/how-small-and-midsized-carriers-can-harness-the-power-of-data/.
Axele provides an intelligent transportation management system (TMS) for truckload carriers. It helps them find better loads, automate day-to-day business processes, and grow business with increased profits. Axele TMS integrates with load boards, ELDs, Market Rates, Maps, Accounting Systems, and more. The TMS automates customer invoicing, driver settlement, and document management. It uses hours of service (HoS), driver preferences, and load profitability to reduce deadheads and fill schedules with more profitable loads.
About Axele
Axele offers transportation management system (TMS) cloud software for truckload carriers. The company leverages decades of experience and insights into optimization and automation technology. Launched by Optym in 2020, Axele is the industry's first intelligent, connected solution, built specifically for small to mid-size truckload carriers. Axele serves for-hire truckload operators and private fleets who haul general freight, dry van, flatbed, and refrigerated loads. The Axele TMS integrates with load boards, ELDs, market rates, maps, and accounting systems, to enable an owner-operator or carrier to find better loads, increase profits, and grow their business. For more information about Axele, go to http://www.axele.com.
Media Contact for Axele:Becky BoydMediaFirst PR(770) 642-2080 x 214Cell (404) 421-8497Becky@MediaFirst.Net
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Axele Webinar: How Small and Midsized Carriers Can Harness the Power of Data - GlobeNewswire
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market worth $126.7 million by 2026 and projected to rise at CAGR 9.3% from 2020 to 2030 Exclusive Report by…
Posted: at 12:21 pm
The global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market size is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2020 to 2025, with a CAGR of 9.3% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2025 and will expected to reach USD 126.7 million by 2025, from USD 89 million in 2019.
The Years Considered for The Study in The Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Report Are as Follows:
The Apex Market Research update on Global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market 2021-2026 Interesting fact and figures (CAGR, Global Size, Shares and Revenue with Business Growth Support and Market Value and Volume with Supply Demand Scenario and Pipeline Projects)
As far as competitive scale is concerned, the report also includes information on Billiard Tables market growth tactics undertaken by industry players such as M&A and expansion strategies. This report looks at the key factors influencing the Billiard Tables market growth, opportunities, challenges, and risks faced by key players and the market. By listing a very comprehensive summary of the Billiard Tables market size, this report also includes the total valuation that the Billiard Tables industry currently has, a brief segmentation of this market, and the growth opportunities of the Billiard Tables market from this industry in addition to its geographical extension.
Report begins with the overview of The Industry Chain Structure and describe the industry environment, then analyze the market size and forecast of Billiard Tables by product, region and application, moreover, this report presents the competition situation of the market between suppliers and the company profile, in addition, the analysis of market prices and the characteristics of the value chain are covered in this report.
Get the Sample copy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Research and Market Analysis @ https://www.apexmarketsresearch.com/report/transcranial-magnetic-stimulators-tms-market-943686/#sample
Covid-19 Impact:
Global financial market is in crises as Covid-19 spreads all over the world. The coronavirus epidemic is relevant and has extensive effects for the market. Many industries are facing a rising number of critical concerns such as supply chain disruption, increasing risk of recession, and a possible reduction in consumer spending. The possible Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market loss expected revenue, development scope with the help of new technologies are covered in a detailed manner.
Scope of the report:
Get Free Exclusive Sample PDF along with few company profiles:
This report also provide In-depth studies of following point.
By Product Types segment on main Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market:
By Application this report listed main Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market:
Buy the latest 2021 edition of this report
Regional coverage (regional production, demand and forecast by countries, etc.):
North America (US, Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia, etc.)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa, etc.)
Do You Have Any Query Or Specific Requirement? Ask to Our IndustryExpert @https://www.apexmarketsresearch.com/report/transcranial-magnetic-stimulators-tms-market-943686/#inquiry
The Billiard Tables market report shows growth trends and future opportunities at the geographical level. This report helps to understand the global Billiard Tables market trends in the industry and to develop schemes to be executed in the future. Additionally, the Billiard Tables market research report summarizes some of the leading companies in the Billiard Tables industry. Mention your strategic initiatives and provide an overview of your business.
The study on the global Billiard Tables market includes qualitative factors such as drivers, restraints, and opportunities. The study covers the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market segmented by type, technology and vertical. Additionally, the study provides similar information for key geographies.
The Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Analysis Report offers a comprehensive substantial study of the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market, the key tactics followed by the major Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) industry players and the segments they are approaching. The previous and current Billiard Tables industry forecast analysis in terms of volume and value along with the research conclusions is a decisive part of the Billiard Tables market analysis report.
Billiard tables Marketing strategies and analysis are done as follows:
The report clarifies an essence of the proven and innovative strategies undertaken by potential stakeholders regarding the commercialization of the product.
Sales channels are chosen (including direct and indirect marketing) by the companies briefly listed in the Billiard Tables market report.
The distributors of these products and the essence of the first-rate customers for them are also included in the study.
The report includes the fundamental driving forces influencing the marketing landscape of the Billiard Tables market and their impact on the revenue scale of this business sphere.
The growing demand for products from key geographies as well as critical applications and potential business areas are also included in the Billiard Tables market report.
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Key Questions Given in Global Billiard Tables Market Report Include:
1. What will the market size and growth rate be in 2026 with the effect of COVID-19 on the global Billiard Tables market?
2. What are the major market trends impacting the growth of the global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market with COVID-19 impact analysis?
3. Who are the key players working in the world market?
4. What are the important factors driving the worldwide Billiard Tables market?
5. What are the challenges for market growth in the global Billiard Tables market?
6. What are the opportunities and threats faced by suppliers in the international market?
7. What are the main effects of the five force analysis of the global Billiard Tables market?
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We at Apex Market Research aim to be global leaders in qualitative and predictive analysis as we put ourselves in the front seat for identifying worldwide industrial trends and opportunities and mapping them out for you on a silver platter. We specialize in identifying the calibers of the markets robust activities and constantly pushing out the areas which allow our clientele base in making the most innovative, optimized, integrated and strategic business decisions in order to put them ahead of their competition by leaps and bounds. Our researchers achieve this mammoth of a task by conducting sound research through many data points scattered through carefully placed equatorial regions.
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Transportation Management Systems (TMS) Market aspects that require the complete knowledge by: Webfleet Solutions, Masternaut, Microlise, Transics,…
Posted: at 12:21 pm
The Transportation Management Systems (TMS) market business study is a collection of robust market insights crucial to growth such as enterprise profiles, economic repute, latest traits, mergers and acquisitions, and the SWOT analysis and other aspects. The Transportation Management Systems (TMS) market report also details a comprehensive forecast over the coming years and also details various aspects that are essential in planning a competitive strategy for the forecast.
Decisive Players in the report are: Webfleet Solutions, Masternaut, Microlise, Transics, Trimble Inc
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Description:
The report studies the Transportation Management Systems (TMS) market landscape on various aspects and dynamics and gives the client a complete guide map to create and implement various business tactics and business plans. The report has been compiled by gathering data through primary and secondary sources which is triangulated by several different verticals and segments to give a definitive overview of the Transportation Management Systems (TMS) market.
By types:
Cloud Based TMSServer Based TMS
By Applications:
Logistics CompanyManufacturerE-commerce Company
Major Geographical Regions covered are:
North America Country (United States, Canada)South AmericaAsia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea)Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy)Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC)
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Additional Highlights:
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Reports Intellect is your one-stop solution for everything related to market research and market intelligence. We understand the importance of market intelligence and its need in todays competitive world.
Our professional team works hard to fetch the most authentic research reports backed with impeccable data figures which guarantee outstanding results every time for you.So whether it is the latest report from the researchers or a custom requirement, our team is here to help you in the best possible way.
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The Forgotten Story of the First Toyota Sold in the U.S., the Toyopet Crown – autoevolution
Posted: at 12:21 pm
Today, the Japanese carmaker is one of the biggest player in the automotive industry, and this achievement would not have been possible without the companys success in the United States.
It all started in the early fifties when Toyota executives began exploring an expansion of the passenger car business outside Japan. They set their sights on Europe and the U.S. markets, but the latters immense potential was far more appealing.
The companys preliminary research revealed that many returning members of the U.S. Army were moving to the suburbs and starting families, creating a demand for smaller, second cars.
Toyota continued to pay close attention in the following years, discovering that compact cars sales were almost doubling year after year. European manufacturers built the vast majority of those, which indicated that Americans were embracing foreign cars, so the market potential became unquestionable.
The car looked much like the Simca Vedette that had debuted a year earlier in France, but it had rear "suicide" doors, a feature previously used on the AA, Toyotas first car. Like its predecessor, the small four-door sedan was powered by the reliable 60-hp, 1.5-liter inline-four R engine.
It employed a suspension system that utilized independent double wishbones and coil springs in the front and triple semi-oval leaf springs at the rear. Since Japans road network was in bad shape at the time, the Crowns system made it extremely popular and Toyota executives hoped this popularity would translate to the U.S. market.
On August 25, 1958, two left-hand-drive Toyopet Crowns arrived on American shores, docking in California. General Electric-sourced sealed beam headlights and other safety features were fitted to the cars after their arrival to comply with local laws.
Newly appointed TMS ales administrator James McGraw stated that the Crown was underpowered, overpriced and it wont sell. Unfortunately, he was right; the car was purposely built for Japans rough road network but struggled on Americas smooth, free-flowing roads. It took an eternity to reach 60 mph (96 kph), and when it did, it shook so badly that drivers found it almost impossible to see out the rear-view mirror.
Moreover, the Toyopet moniker used by Toyota since 1947 as a result of a naming contest for the SA could not be taken seriously in the U.S. since it contained the nouns toy and pet. Coupled with its small size, many Americans jokingly called it a Japanese motorized stroller.
By the end of the year, Toyota managed to sell 287 Crowns, and in 1959, sales more than tripled to 967 units. For 1960, Toyota added a wagon body style and a larger 79-hp 3R engine, but sales fell to 659 units.
The sales continued to drop, and since TMA accumulated $1.42 million in losses, Toyota decided to stop all Crown exports to the U.S., focusing its efforts on the rugged Land Cruiser instead.
Although it wasnt as popular as anticipated in the U.S., the Toyopet Crown paved the way for many highly successful sedans like the Corona, Camry, Corolla, or Avalon.
The Crown never returned to the American market, but it carries on in Japan, where it is extremely popular. Now in its 14th generation, it holds the title for the longest-running Toyota passenger-car nameplate.
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The Forgotten Story of the First Toyota Sold in the U.S., the Toyopet Crown - autoevolution
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BrainsWay to Report Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Financial Results on March 25, 2021 – GuruFocus.com
Posted: at 12:21 pm
CRESSKILL, N.J., March 11, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- BrainsWay Ltd. (NASDAQ & TASE: BWAY) (BrainsWay or the Company), a global leader in the advanced noninvasive treatment of brain disorders, today announced that it will report its fourth quarter and full year 2020 financial results as well as operational highlights after the close of the financial markets on Wednesday, March 24, 2021. The Company will host a conference call and webcast on Thursday, March 25, 2021 at 8:30 AM Eastern Time to discuss the results and provide an update on business operations.
Conference Call Dial-In & Webcast Information:
The conference call will be broadcast live and will be available for replay for 30 days on the Companys website, https://investors.brainsway.com/events-and-presentations/event-calendar. Please access the Companys website at least 10 minutes ahead of the conference call to register.
About BrainsWayBrainsWay is a commercial stage medical device company focused on the development and sale of non-invasive neurostimulation products using the Companys proprietary Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Deep TMS) platform technology. The Company received marketing authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its products for a variety of patient populations, including in 2013 for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), in 2018 for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and in 2020 for patients with smoking addiction. Additional clinical trials of Deep TMS in various psychiatric, neurological, and addiction disorders are underway. To learn more, please visit http://www.brainsway.com
Contacts: BrainsWay:Hadar LevySVP and General Manager[emailprotected]
Investors:Bob YedidLifeSci Advisors646-597-6989[emailprotected]
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XTM CEO Bob Willans on Raising Capital and the Future of Translation Pricing – Slator
Posted: at 12:21 pm
XTM CEO Bob Willans joins SlatorPod to discuss the journey of the company he co-founded back in 2002. Bob talks about growing XTM with little outside funding to become a USD 11m SaaS company in 2021.
He tells us about XTMs decision and search to bring on financial backers in 2021, which culminated in XTMs majority sale to US-based investment firm K1 Investment Management in January 2021.
Bob shares his views on the TMS funding and investment boom in 2020, which he says had little to do with Covid (for the record), and unpacks the landmark shifts in translation management technology over the past two decades from the advent of the cloud to the integration of neural machine translation (NMT) and AI more broadly.
Bob also talks about milestone developments in XTMs product, including totally rewriting their translation editor at one stage, and discusses how the company balances out feature requests and customization for enterprise clients against general product enhancements.
First up, Florian and Esther run through the weeks language industry news, kicking off with some key stats from the Slator 2021 Language Service Provider Index (LSPI), which features more than 175 companies on its launch in early March 2021.
The two also talk about the Language Industry Job Index (LIJI), which climbed nearly 10 points in March 2021 to match pre-Covid levels, while Florian discusses the underwhelming consumer reaction to the Apple Translate app.
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Florian: First, tell us a bit more about XTM, in a nutshell, origin story, trajectory, key client segments.
Bob: Andy Zydro and I set up XTM in 2002. We started out very small and took a while to ramp up. We quickly set up a development center based in Pozna, Poland and today we have still got over 150 people there. Our development testing, support, marketing, systems admin team are all based out of Pozna. Then we have the rest of our sales team and solution architects dotted around the world in North America, South America, Europe, and Japan. XTM is pure tech. We do not provide any services and we focus on the large enterprise marketplace. XTM is highly scalable. It has been built with the enterprise in mind and that is our target market. As a result, we find that we sell to some very big enterprises, and then they specify XTM for their supply chain, so the LSPs use XTM as well.
Florian: Before XTM, what was your background? What was your career before?
Bob: I started out in South America working for a textile company as a factory manager in my late 20s and that is a pretty good experience learning about cultures and learning about leadership. From there, I went to Chile and Brazil and came back and set up an Apple dealership. I went down the entrepreneurial route. I did very well in that for a while and also set up an internet service provider called Redneck. We were one of the first in the UK. We sold that business at the top of the Dot-com bubble in 2000.
I then worked for SDL for a few years on one of the early TMS projects called SDL Webflow. Then Andy and I are who I had known for many years, we started talking and he had been working for Xerox and also Ford of Europe and said, I have got this great idea about creating a TMS, a great engine. I said, okay, show it to me, so he explained the idea and then we decided to set up a business to basically write a web-based TMS based on XML from scratch. We have been working hard at it ever since.
Esther: You have come a long way then since setting up the company in 2002. Let us talk about you teaming up with the investment firm K1. It seems like this is the first time you are taking in or bringing in outside capital. Why now?
Bob: We had a couple of very early investors, LSPs who were keen to support us in our early days but this is the first real serious investment. Why now? We have taken the company from zero to a USD 10m turnover. We can see the whole marketplace is really hotting up. There has been a lot of M&A activity. The competition is becoming increasingly strong. We needed to project where we would be in the next five years. We are very ambitious in terms of growth, in terms of our product. We thought it was the right time to bring in some external expertise, bolster our existing management team.
We worked with EY for about two years on their fast growth platform and they helped us enormously in terms of preparing for the investment and getting just the KPIs that you need for a SaaS business. We learned a lot from that, in terms of, MRR, ARR, churn rate, customer lifetime value, all these kinds of things, which are important. Then we approached a number of different private equity firms. We chose K1 because they were able to add the most value to us. They have an operations team based in Los Angeles who have a wide range of expertise. K1 specialize in fast growth, SaaS, businesses, B2B and so their operations team have a huge amount of knowledge there that they can share with us to help us on our next level of growth.
Data and Research, Slator reports
36 pages. How LSPs generate leads, hire and compensate Sales staff, succeed in Digital Marketing, and benchmark against rivals.
Esther: It sounds like quite a long process, potentially lots of things involved. How distracting was it to go through that process while running the business?
Bob: We tried not to distract the people doing the hard work, the developers and the salespeople and the solution architects and the support team. They were not that involved but for the senior management team, yes, absolutely, we had to, but it is part of the process of growing the business. For me, it was educational and interesting and it has prepared us for the next phase of our growth.
Florian: Why do you think now, especially 2020, was the year for TMS funding. Why now? Why 2019, 2020?
Bob: I do not think it has anything to do with Covid-19, to put it that way, but the whole translation business previously was very people-centric, very reliant on people. It is now becoming far more tech-centric so that in order to provide the service, you have got to have the right technology. As a result, the technology sector is growing rapidly. You have got NMT on one hand, you have got TMS on the other hand, you have got lots of other technologies coming in there. Where there is growth you get companies that are interested in investing, whether through acquisition or as a private equity firm or VC. There is a land grab going on at the moment, there is such fast growth that companies realize that they have to win clients as quickly as possible and to do that, you need the resources to be able to go out there and make an impact.
Esther: Expanding on that, how do you broadly think that the TMS landscape has evolved and changed over the past two decades? What are some of the key shifts?
Bob: Well, obviously when we first started out, the predominant TMSs we are not web-based and we set out right from day one to ensure XTM was going to be web-based so we wanted a self-provisioning SaaS model. We wanted XTM to be entirely web-based, not something that you have to download files and work offline but we wanted the functionality to be as good as, or better than anything else on the market. That has been a big step forward, obviously, other companies have subsequently come into that space and are doing very well.
Other areas where I have seen big changes are, obviously, machine translation which has come on enormously and the way we look at machine translation is as it is another tool for the translator. Obviously, that changes the work that the translator does. It is not just a question of seeing a translation memory match and accepting it or modifying a fuzzy match. Now it is more post-editing and I think that trend will continue. There will be more and more use of machine translation and AI for automating other things apart from the actual machine translation. We have done a huge amount of work on our proprietary technology that we call Inter-Language Vector Space. That is a cornerstone for our AI strategy so we are using that for alignment of parallel texts, we are using it for Bilingual terminology extraction and we have lots of plans for enhancing our translation environment with it as well, like predictive typing. That is all coming in and we are going to see more and more automation of the processes, so that project managers, for example, only have to get involved for exceptions rather than doing the routine stuff day in, day out.
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Esther: You mentioned a couple of things that XTM has been working on. Is there anything that you think looking back in the past four to five years has helped you or has served a particular purpose for clients?
Bob: Maybe four years ago we decided that what we call XTM Editor, our translation environment, which we had started building way back in the early 2000s had reached the end of life so we took the conscious decision to rewrite it from scratch, using the latest technology. We had a lot of input from translators to make sure we got the user experience right and so that took us a long time. It is very complex, with a lot of functionality but we have completed that, it is launched. We have built into what we call the visual mode that allows users to be able to visualize the source and target while they are translating in real-time.
We also have what we call CAR, computer-aided review, which is a translation environment or a review environment, which can be customized to the specific requirements. You can hide certain features because the problem with a fully functional workbench is that it gets very complex and you have got so much going on there that a reviewer thinks, I do not want to use this because it is too complicated. If you can strip it down and simplify it then it makes their whole work experience much better and we have found that is a very key thing for us.
The other thing that we have been working on very hard is our connectors and that is an ongoing project for us. We are building connectors to all the major content management systems, to repositories and it is not just a question of simple integration. We want to have a deep integration with lots of functionality where the user within the content management system can decide which content they want to send, how to send it, when to send it, track the content as it is going through the translations, set, for example, a workflow template within XTM. All from within the content management system and then obviously receive the translated content back automatically to the right place. In some cases, we can do the preview of the web page within XTM so that you can reduce the requirement to do a review cycle within the CMS.
Florian: On the connector side as a non-developer is it primarily a development problem or is it also a contractual problem? Where you need to go through all these AP servers and ask for their permission and then it is a two-year approval process or is it just for people that are not familiar with that process? How hard is it and where is the problem?
Bob: The problems are multiple. First of all, we are not experts in many of the CMSs out there so we need to find people who are experienced in them and we have done that for many of them. Then you have to start building the connector and whenever you are connecting to systems, there are always issues that you come across in terms of connectivity. They have to be sorted and then you have to bear in mind that the CMS will change versions, it will update, and that may break your connector so you have got to be one step ahead of that. Then of course, while we are selling a lot of XTM, only a percentage of those users will want a connecter so the volume of sales, relatively speaking of a connector, is not as great as XTM itself. That is another factor to bear in mind, but in terms of the improvement in functionality, it is enormous. It just cuts out so much routine work.
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Florian: For the cloud, when you started in 2002, there was no AWS. You had to basically just ditch the entire previous CAT component and recode it from scratch. On the cloud and just the infrastructure layer, do you reach a point where you are like, now there is AWS, let us just re-engineer the entire thing, or is it much more of a gradual transition?
Bob: We have the flexibility to deploy in a number of different ways. We have our multi-tenant cloud which is the self-provisioning one that people know, but we also have private cloud and that is a single-tenant solution for the larger enterprise. Then having done that, we can also do single-tenant private cloud on AWS as well. We use a combination. We also use a company called OVH who is one of Europes largest hosting companies. We use them for some solutions and AWS for others.
Florian: Tech only versus tech and services, let us go back to this age-old question. You are very firmly on the tech only side. Makes sense, makes a lot of conversations with investors also easier when you do not mix the two, but would you see any kind of scenario where it would make sense for a service provider to pursue a path of developing all of the technology in-house?
Bob: Transperfect has done that, havent they? They have done that very successfully. However, from our point of view and what we hear very loud and very clear from our customers is they would prefer to have a vendor-neutral technology so that they can then pick and choose which LSP they use and they can evaluate one against the other. The point is also that the enterprise controls its own assets. They are reducing or mitigating the risk to their assets, to their IP, because essentially the translation memory, all the content is their IP. We feel that a lot of companies want to control that very closely.
Esther: When you are thinking about what is important to clients, how do you prioritize things like feature requests, how do you balance out customization versus the general progress of the product? What takes precedence?
Bob: That is a pretty tough situation I am sure all tech providers face, we have. Our product manager Sarah has something called a product board where she gets all the feedback from our customers and we enter all these things on there. We have internal items that we want to do as well because things need to be updated or we have our own strategic direction that we want to go in. They will get put on the product board and then we have a meeting and we discuss what we can squeeze into because we do four releases a year and how we partition those items into each release.
Right now we are just about to release a new feature on our website based on the product board that will allow our key clients to go in and they will be able to see what we have released, what we have lined up for our next release, and they will be able to see or create requests for new items or vote on existing items that are already there. It is a more interactive way for customers to be able to see what we are doing and participate in the whole roadmap. You have to have a balance but at the same time, we like to stay responsive to our customers claims. We would love to be able to sell XTM and show it to the customer and they say, yeah, that is perfect, just what I wanted, thank you. Inevitably they say, yeah, that is great but we wanted to do XYZ and so we are responsive to that and try to help them achieve their goals.
Florian: The dynamics of where they are in the localization maturity level, can you speak a little bit to that? When some clients are far ahead, they have internal localization teams, they have a lot of it figured out as opposed to maybe, companies that are in an earlier stage. Is that a dynamic that is very important to you or it does not really matter in day to day?
Bob: I think there are two different types of customer. The mature customer probably has a TMS already, probably has a translation or localization department with a head. With their existing TMS, they may be coming up against some kind of limitation on that or some issue that they are looking at alternatives. For us, we love those kinds of customers because they know what they want and we can usually help them very well. On the more greenfield site where they do not have a TMS and they are probably less experienced in the whole process, that scenario we are increasingly targeting because we can see that it is a huge area that we have not really focused on a lot in the past, but certainly in our plans for the future. That is an area where we want to tackle more seriously.
Florian: You have some LSP clients, but as you mentioned, the focus really is on the enterprise. What is the dynamics there?
Bob: LSPs know what they want, they know their business so from that respect it is good. There is a bit of a challenge with LSPs in that they have to be able to process anything their customer asks them. Whereas an enterprise generally has a more consistent flow of translation tasks because they have a standard production workflow but having said that, XTM is a very flexible agile tool and so can easily be adapted to all the requirements that an LSP would need.
Esther: What is your view on how machine translation is shaping TMS development generally, and also, what do you perceive to be the natural limits of the integration between MT and TMS if there are any?
Bob: Machine translation is having a profound effect on the whole production cycle. There is far more machine translation going on now than there was last year or the year before so what is happening is that we need to adapt XTM or our TMS to be able to accommodate that. In order to do that we have recently, for example, added the ability to calculate the cost based on edit distance. What has a post editor actually had to do to bring the machine translation up to an acceptable standard? This is the edit distance, hence this is the cost. That change that we have had to make in order to accommodate it. How far will it go? It is a tough question. I am sure we have not reached the limits of machine translation yet. Some of the machine translation suppliers are now using translation memory in real-time to enhance their matches so there are lots of tricks that can still be done to improve it.
Florian: You said the ability to calculate costs based on the edit distance. Is that post or before? How does that work?
Bob: You would have to calculate the cost after the editing has been done, but, historically you would calculate the cost based on the number of words or some kind of algorithm based around the words. Now, when you are principally dealing with post-editing, how many words is not a relevant thing. You can work on time. You can base it on how long the post editor has had to spend on this task, or how many characters have had to be changed within this particular segment of text.
Florian: The industry has gone through this super challenging year. Generally, I think it was a positive year, given the circumstances. What is your outlook for the next three to five years? You have an outside partner now, you can ramp up investing in all kinds of areas so where are you going to deploy some of that capital? What are your priorities in terms of growth?
Bob: From our point of view we see the market continuing to grow. We see XTM in an ideal position, we have got a great product, great team, but at the moment we are just scratching the surface of many markets. We have a very wide cross-section of verticals from tech companies to construction, to retail, through life sciences to LSPs. We have a very wide cross-section of companies, but realistically, there are a hundred more out there where we have one market leader, we could be selling to a hundred. From our point of view, there is great potential. K1 recognized that XTM is a market leader in this respect and they will support us to capitalize on that potential.
Florian: When we talk to people offline, I am sensing a lot of buzz, I am sensing a lot of optimism generally, which is a bit different from a little bit of the MT panic of 2017, 2018.
Bob: There was definite panic thinking this is the end of the translation industry as we know it today. Whereas now you just have to accept that things evolve and MT is another tool and we have got to make the most use of it we can and just provide a better service. The volume of translation just goes up. The better tools you have, the more translation you can do.
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Quantum Mechanics, the Chinese Room Experiment and the Limits of Understanding – Scientific American
Posted: at 12:19 pm
Like great art, great thought experiments have implications unintended by their creators. Take philosopher John Searles Chinese room experiment. Searle concocted it to convince us that computers dont really think as we do; they manipulate symbols mindlessly, without understanding what they are doing.
Searle meant to make a point about the limits of machine cognition. Recently, however, the Chinese room experiment has goaded me into dwelling on the limits of human cognition. We humans can be pretty mindless too, even when engaged in a pursuit as lofty as quantum physics.
Some background. Searle first proposed the Chinese room experiment in 1980. At the time, artificial intelligence researchers, who have always been prone to mood swings, were cocky. Some claimed that machines would soon pass the Turing test, a means of determining whether a machine thinks.
Computer pioneer Alan Turing proposed in 1950 that questions be fed to a machine and a human. If we cannot distinguish the machines answers from the humans, then we must grant that the machine does indeed think. Thinking, after all, is just the manipulation of symbols, such as numbers or words, toward a certain end.
Some AI enthusiasts insisted that thinking, whether carried out by neurons or transistors, entails conscious understanding. Marvin Minsky espoused this strong AI viewpoint when I interviewed him in 1993. After defining consciousness as a record-keeping system, Minsky asserted that LISP software, which tracks its own computations, is extremely conscious, much more so than humans. When I expressed skepticism, Minsky called me racist.
Back to Searle, who found strong AI annoying and wanted to rebut it. He asks us to imagine a man who doesnt understand Chinese sitting in a room. The room contains a manual that tells the man how to respond to a string of Chinese characters with another string of characters. Someone outside the room slips a sheet of paper with Chinese characters on it under the door. The man finds the right response in the manual, copies it onto a sheet of paper and slips it back under the door.
Unknown to the man, he is replying to a question, like What is your favorite color?, with an appropriate answer, like Blue. In this way, he mimics someone who understands Chinese even though he doesnt know a word. Thats what computers do, too, according to Searle. They process symbols in ways that simulate human thinking, but they are actually mindless automatons.
Searles thought experiment has provoked countless objections. Heres mine. The Chinese room experiment is a splendid case of begging the question (not in the sense of raising a question, which is what most people mean by the phrase nowadays, but in the original sense of circular reasoning). The meta-question posed by the Chinese Room Experiment is this: How do we know whether any entity, biological or non-biological, has a subjective, conscious experience?
When you ask this question, you are bumping into what I call the solipsism problem. No conscious being has direct access to the conscious experience of any other conscious being. I cannot be absolutely sure that you or any other person is conscious, let alone that a jellyfish or smartphone is conscious. I can only make inferences based on the behavior of the person, jellyfish or smartphone.
Now, I assume that most humans, including those of you reading these words, are conscious, as I am. I also suspect that Searle is probably right, and that an intelligent program like Siri only mimics understanding of English. It doesnt feel like anything to be Siri, which manipulates bits mindlessly. Thats my guess, but I cant know for sure, because of the solipsism problem.
Nor can I know what its like to be the man in the Chinese room. He may or may not understand Chinese; he may or may not be conscious. There is no way of knowing, again, because of the solipsism problem. Searles argument assumes that we can know whats going on, or not going on, in the mans mind, and hence, by implication, whats going on or not in a machine. His flawed initial assumption leads to his flawed, question-begging conclusion.
That doesnt mean the Chinese room experiment has no value. Far from it. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy calls it the most widely discussed philosophical argument in cognitive science to appear since the Turing Test. Searles thought experiment continues to pop up in my thoughts. Recently, for example, it nudged me toward a disturbing conclusion about quantum mechanics, which Ive been struggling to learn over the last year or so.
Physicists emphasize that you cannot understand quantum mechanics without understanding its underlying mathematics. You should have, at a minimum, a grounding in logarithms, trigonometry, calculus (differential and integral) and linear algebra. Knowing Fourier transforms wouldnt hurt.
Thats a lot of math, especially for a geezer and former literature major like me. I was thus relieved to discover Q Is for Quantum by physicist Terry Rudolph. He explains superposition, entanglement and other key quantum concepts with a relatively simple mathematical system, which involves arithmetic, a little algebra and lots of diagrams with black and white balls falling into and out of boxes.
Rudolph emphasizes, however, that some math is essential. Trying to grasp quantum mechanics without any math, he says, is like having van Goghs Starry Night described in words to you by someone who has only seen a black and white photograph. One that a dog chewed.
But heres the irony. Mastering the mathematics of quantum mechanics doesnt make it easier to understand and might even make it harder. Rudolph, who teaches quantum mechanics and co-founded a quantum-computer company, says he feels cognitive dissonance when he tries to connect quantum formulas to sensible physical phenomena.
Indeed, some physicists and philosophers worry that physics education focuses too narrowly on formulas and not enough on what they mean. Philosopher Tim Maudlin complains in Philosophy of Physics: Quantum Theory that most physics textbooks and courses do not present quantum mechanics as a theory, that is, a description of the world; instead, they present it as a recipe, or set of mathematical procedures, for accomplishing certain tasks.
Learning the recipe can help you predict the results of experiments and design microchips, Maudlin acknowledges. But if a physics student happens to be unsatisfied with just learning these mathematical techniques for making predictions and asks instead what the theory claims about the physical world, she or he is likely to be met with a canonical response: Shut up and calculate!
In his book, Maudlin presents several attempts to make sense of quantum mechanics, including the pilot-wave and many-worlds models. His goal is to show that we can translate the Schrdinger equation and other formulas into intelligible accounts of whats happening in, say, the double-slit experiment. But to my mind, Maudlins ruthless examination of the quantum models subverts his intention. Each model seems preposterous in its own way.
Pondering the plight of physicists, Im reminded of an argument advanced by philosopher Daniel Dennett in From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds. Dennett elaborates on his long-standing claim that consciousness is overrated, at least when it comes to doing what we need to do to get through a typical day. We carry out most tasks with little or no conscious attention.
Dennett calls this competence without comprehension. Adding insult to injury, Dennett suggests that we are virtual zombies. When philosophers refer to zombies, they mean not the clumsy, grunting cannibals of The Walking Dead but creatures that walk and talk like sentient humans but lack inner awareness.
When I reviewed Dennetts book, I slammed him for downplaying consciousness and overstating the significance of unconscious cognition. Competence without comprehension may apply to menial tasks like brushing your teeth or driving a car but certainly not to science and other lofty intellectual pursuits. Maybe Dennett is a zombie, but Im not! That, more or less, was my reaction.
But lately Ive been haunted by the ubiquity of competence without comprehension. Quantum physicists, for example, manipulate differential equations and matrices with impressive competenceenough to build quantum computers!but no real understanding of what the math means. If physicists end up like information-processing automatons, what hope is there for the rest of us? After all, our minds are habituation machines, designed to turn even complex taskslike being a parent, husband or teacherinto routines that we perform by rote, with minimal cognitive effort.
The Chinese room experiment serves as a metaphor not only for physics but also for the human condition. Each of us sits alone within the cell of our subjective awareness. Now and then we receive cryptic messages from the outside world. Only dimly comprehending what we are doing, we compose responses, which we slip under the door. In this way, we manage to survive, even though we never really know what the hell is happening.
Further Reading:
Is the Schrdinger Equation True?
Will Artificial Intelligence Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
Can Science Illuminate Our Inner Dark Matter
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Quantum Mechanics, the Chinese Room Experiment and the Limits of Understanding - Scientific American
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Quantum Mischief Rewrites the Laws of Cause and Effect – Quanta Magazine
Posted: at 12:19 pm
Alice and Bob, the stars of so many thought experiments, are cooking dinner when mishaps ensue. Alice accidentally drops a plate; the sound startles Bob, who burns himself on the stove and cries out. In another version of events, Bob burns himself and cries out, causing Alice to drop a plate.
Over the last decade, quantum physicists have been exploring the implications of a strange realization: In principle, both versions of the story can happen at once. That is, events can occur in an indefinite causal order, where both A causes B and B causes A are simultaneously true.
It sounds outrageous, admitted aslav Brukner, a physicist at the University of Vienna.
The possibility follows from the quantum phenomenon known as superposition, where particles maintain all possible realities simultaneously until the moment theyre measured. In labs in Austria, China, Australia and elsewhere, physicists observe indefinite causal order by putting a particle of light (called a photon) in a superposition of two states. They then subject one branch of the superposition to process A followed by process B, and subject the other branch to B followed by A. In this procedure, known as the quantum switch, As outcome influences what happens in B, and vice versa; the photon experiences both causal orders simultaneously.
Over the last five years, a growing community of quantum physicists has been implementing the quantum switch in tabletop experiments and exploring the advantages that indefinite causal order offers for quantum computing and communication. Its really something that could be useful in everyday life, said Giulia Rubino, a researcher at the University of Bristol who led the first experimental demonstration of the quantum switch in 2017.
But the practical uses of the phenomenon only make the deep implications more acute.
Physicists have long sensed that the usual picture of events unfolding as a sequence of causes and effects doesnt capture the fundamental nature of things. They say this causal perspective probably has to go if were ever to figure out the quantum origin of gravity, space and time. But until recently, there werent many ideas about how post-causal physics might work. Many people think that causality is so basic in our understanding of the world that if we weaken this notion we would not be able to make coherent, meaningful theories, said Brukner, who is one of the leaders in the study of indefinite causality.
Thats changing as physicists contemplate the new quantum switch experiments, as well as related thought experiments in which Alice and Bob face causal indefiniteness created by the quantum nature of gravity. Accounting for these scenarios has forced researchers to develop new mathematical formalisms and ways of thinking. With the emerging frameworks, we can make predictions without having well-defined causality, Brukner said.
Progress has grown swifter recently, but many practitioners trace the origin of this line of attack on the quantum gravity problem to work 16 years ago by Lucien Hardy, a British-Canadian theoretical physicist at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada. In my case, said Brukner, everything started with Lucien Hardys paper.
Hardy was best known at the time for taking a conceptual approach made famous by Albert Einstein and applying it to quantum mechanics.
Einstein revolutionized physics not by thinking about what exists in the world, but by considering what individuals can possibly measure. In particular, he imagined people on moving trains making measurements with rulers and clocks. By using this operational approach, he was able to conclude that space and time must be relative.
In 2001, Hardy applied this same approach to quantum mechanics. He reconstructed all of quantum theory starting from five operational axioms.
He then set out to apply it to an even bigger problem: the 80-year-old problem of how to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity, Einsteins epic theory of gravity. Im driven by this idea that perhaps the operational way of thinking about quantum theory may be applied to quantum gravity, Hardy told me over Zoom this winter.
The operational question is: In quantum gravity, what can we, in principle, observe? Hardy thought about the fact that quantum mechanics and general relativity each have a radical feature. Quantum mechanics is famously indeterministic; its superpositions allow for simultaneous possibilities. General relativity, meanwhile, suggests that space and time are malleable. In Einsteins theory, massive objects like Earth stretch the space-time metric essentially the distance between hash marks on a ruler, and the duration between ticks of clocks. The nearer you are to a massive object, for instance, the slower your clock ticks. The metric then determines the light cone of a nearby event the region of space-time that the event can causally influence.
When you combine these two radical features, Hardy said, two simultaneous quantum possibilities will stretch the metric in different ways. The light cones of events become indefinite and thus, so does causality itself.
Most work on quantum gravity elides one of these features. Some researchers, for instance, attempt to characterize the behavior of gravitons, quantum units of gravity. But the researchers have the gravitons interact against a fixed background time. Were so used to thinking about the world evolving in time, Hardy noted. He reasons, though, that quantum gravity will surely inherit general relativitys radical feature and lack fixed time and fixed causality. So the idea is really to throw caution to the wind, said the calm, serious physicist, and really embrace this wild situation where you have no definite causal structure.
Over Zoom, Hardy used a special projector to film a whiteboard, where he sketched out various thought experiments, starting with one that helped him see how to describe data entirely without reference to the causal order of events.
He imagined an array of probesdrifting in space. Theyre taking data recording, say, the polarized light spewing out of a nearby exploding star, or supernova. Every second, each probe logs its location, the orientation of its polarizer (a device like polarized sunglasses that either lets a photon through or blocks it depending on its polarization), and whether a detector, located behind the polarizer, detects a photon or not. The probe transmits this data to aman in a room, who prints it on a card. After some time, the experimentalrunends; the man in the room shuffles all the cards from all the probes and forms a stack.
The probes then rotate their polarizers and make a newseries of measurements, producing a new stack of cards, and repeat the process, so thatthe man in the roomultimately has many shuffled stacks of out-of-order measurements.His job is to try to make some sense of the cards, Hardy said. The man wantsto devise a theory that accounts for all the statistical correlations in the data(and, in this way, describes the supernova) without any information about the datas causal relationships or temporal order, since those might not be fundamental aspects of reality.
How might the man do this? He could first arrange the cards by location, dealing out cards from each stack so that those pertaining to spacecraft in a certain region of space go in the same pile. In doing this for each stack, he could start to notice correlations between piles.He might note that whenever a photon is detected in one region, theres a high detection probability in another region, so long as the polarizers are angled the same way in both places. (Such a correlation would mean that the light passing through these regions tends to share a common polarization.)He could then combine probabilities into expressions pertaining to larger composite regions, and in this way, he could build up mathematical objects for bigger and bigger regions from smaller regions, Hardy said.
What we normally think of as causalrelationships such as photons traveling from one region of the sky to another, correlating measurements made in the first region with measurements made laterinthe second region act, in Hardys formalism, like data compression. Theresa reduction in the amount of information needed todescribe the whole system, sinceone set of probabilities determines another.
Hardy called his new formalism the causaloid framework, where the causaloid is the mathematical object used to calculate the probabilities of outcomes of any measurement in any region. He introduced the general framework in a dense 68-page paper in 2005, which showed how to formulate quantum theory in the framework (essentially by reducing its general probability expressions to the specific case of interacting quantum bits).
Hardy thought it should be possible to formulate general relativity in the causaloid framework too, but he couldnt quite see how to proceed. If he could manage that, then, he wrote in another paper, the framework might be used to construct a theory of quantum gravity.
A few years later, in Pavia, Italy, the quantum information theorist Giulio Chiribella and three colleagues were mulling over a different question: What kinds of computations are possible? They had in mind the canonical work of the theoretical computer scientist Alonzo Church. Church developed a set of formal rules for building functions mathematical machines that take an input and yield an output. A striking feature of Churchs rulebook is that the input of a function can be another function.
The four Italian physicists asked themselves: What kinds of functions of functions might be possible in general, beyond what computers were currently capable of? They came up with a procedure that involves two functions, A and B, that get assembled into a new function. This new function what they called the quantum switch is a superposition of two options. In one branch of the superposition, the functions input passes through A, then B. In the other, it passes through B, then A. They hoped that the quantum switch could be the basis of a new model of computation, inspired by the one of Church, Chiribella told me.
At first, the revolution sputtered. Physicists couldnt decide whether the quantum switch was deep or trivial, or if it was realizable or merely hypothetical. Their paper took four years to get published.
By the time it finally came out in 2013, researchers were starting to see how they might build quantum switches.
They might, for instance, shoot a photon toward an optical device called a beam splitter. According to quantum mechanics, the photon has a 50-50 chance of being transmitted or reflected, and so it does both.
The transmitted version of the photon hurtles toward an optical device that rotates the polarization direction of the light in some well-defined way. The photon next encounters a similar device that rotates it a different way. Lets call these devices A and B, respectively.
Meanwhile, the reflected version of the photon encounters B first, then A. The end result of the polarization in this case is different.
We can think of these two possibilities A before B, or B before A as indefinite causal order. In the first branch, A causally influences B in the sense that if A hadnt occurred, Bs input and output would be totally different. Likewise, in the second branch, B causally influences A in that the latter process couldnt have happened otherwise.
After these alternative causal events have occurred, another beam splitter reunites the two versions of the photon. Measuring its polarization (and that of many other photons) yields a statistical spread of outcomes.
Brukner and two collaborators devised ways to quantitatively test whether these photons are really experiencing an indefinite causal order. In 2012, the researchers calculated a ceiling on how statistically correlated the polarization results can be with the rotations performed at A and B if the rotations occurred in a fixed causal order. If the value exceeds this causal inequality, then causal influences must go in both directions; causal order must have been indefinite.
The idea of the causal inequality was really cool, and a lot of people decided to jump in the field, said Rubino, who jumped in herself in 2015. She and her colleagues produced a landmark demonstration of the quantum switch in 2017 that worked roughly like the one above. Using a simpler test devised by Brukner and company, they confirmed that causal order was indefinite.
Attention turned to what could be done with the indefiniteness. Chiribella and co-authors argued that far more information could be transmitted over noisy channels when sent through the channels in an indefinite order. Experimentalists at the University of Queensland and elsewhere have since demonstrated this communication advantage.
In the most beautiful experiment done so far, according to Rubino, Jian-Wei Pan at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei demonstrated in 2019 that two parties can compare long strings of bits exponentially more efficiently when transmitting bits in both directions at once rather than in a fixed causal order an advantage proposed by Brukner and co-authors in 2016. A different group in Hefei reported in January that, whereas engines normally need a hot and cold reservoir to work, with a quantum switch they could extract heat from reservoirs of equal temperature a surprising use suggested a year ago by Oxford theorists.
Its not immediately clear how to extend this experimental work to investigate quantum gravity. All the papers about the quantum switch nod at the link between quantum gravity and indefinite causality. But superpositions of massive objects which stretch the space-time metric in multiple ways at once collapse so quickly that no one has thought of how to detect the resulting fuzziness of causal relationships. So instead researchers turn to thought experiments.
Youll recall Alice and Bob. Imagine theyre stationed in separate laboratory spaceships near Earth. Bizarrely (but not impossibly), Earth is in a quantum superposition of two different places. You dont need a whole planet to be in superposition for gravity to create causal indefiniteness: Even a single atom, when its in a superposition of two places, defines the metric in two ways simultaneously. But when youre talking about whats measurable in principle, you might as well go big.
In one branch of the superposition, Earth is nearer to Alices lab, and so her clock ticks slower. In the other branch, Earth is nearer to Bob, so his clock ticks slower. When Alice and Bob communicate, causal order gets all switched up.
In a key paper in 2019, Magdalena Zych, Brukner and collaborators proved that this situation would allow Alice and Bob to achieve indefinite causal order.
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Quantum Mischief Rewrites the Laws of Cause and Effect - Quanta Magazine
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Welcome To The Future: Navigating The Rich, Intertwined Quantum Software Ecosystem – Forbes
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Paul Lipman is an experienced cybersecurity CEO. He's passionate about the intersection of quantum computing and cybersecurity.
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As a software CEO, Ive witnessed the transformative impact of advanced technologies like machine learning. Quantum computing is poised to have a similar impact in the coming years, as Ive previously opined. While fault-tolerant quantum computers are still several years away, a well-funded vibrant quantum software industry is rapidly emerging to enable near-term devices to deliver value.
Quantum computers utilize quantum effects such as superposition and entanglement to solve classes of problems that are intractable to classical computers. Quantum advantage, in which a quantum computer solves a useful problem significantly faster than a classical computer, has yet to be achieved. Its unlikely to for at least the next few years. The level of investment in quantum computing, however, is a testament to the profound impact this technology will have once that milestone is reached. Early movers like JPMorgan Chase, BMW and Airbus are building quantum teams and making significant investments now to climb the quantum learning curve and be ready the moment the technology matures to the point where it will disrupt their industries.
Developing quantum computing software is hard, arguably significantly more so than developing software for classical computers. For example, the concept of phase kickback is fundamental to many quantum algorithms. It requires a deep understanding of linear algebra, plus a combination of physics and algorithmic intuition. Furthermore, quantum applications attempt to solve complex world-changing problems, which inherently require sophisticated solutions. As a result, the pool of quantum software talent is extremely limited.
Quantum Computing Platforms
Each of the major hardware vendors has developed its own platform: IBM Qiskit is arguably the furthest along, with a rich community, compelling road map and application modules. Other offerings include Amazon Braket, Google Cirq and Microsoft Azure Quantum. These platforms are all open source, and vendors are enabling their offerings to interoperate with competitors devices, lifting all boats and helping each vendor maximize its reach and potential as the various hardware modalities mature. Quantum computing will largely be utilized as a cloud-based service: QCaaS. The value of QCaaS will be accelerated by developments that enable quantum applications and workloads to operate in a device-agnostic fashion that utilizes the unique advantages of each platform. Early cross-device services, from Zapata Orquestra and Riverlane Deltaflow.OS, are promising.
Quantum System Controls
The main challenge in scaling todays quantum devices is qubit noise and errors. Software companies such as Q-CTRL and Quantum Benchmark are developing solutions to algorithmically mitigate these effects. Again, given the cost and complexity of quantum devices, its expected that QCaaS will dominate commercial usage. Like conventional cloud computing, a range of services will evolve to ensure secure usage and protect users data and code. A notable early example is Agnostiq.
Quantum Finance And Quantum Machine Learning
Many aspects of modern finance, such as complex securities pricing, portfolio optimization and forecasting, rely on algorithms that are susceptible to potential quadratic or exponential speedup using quantum computers. Companies such as Multiverse Computing are developing quantum applications for the finance industry. Last year, they published compelling results from a joint study with BBVA. Standard Chartered Bank announced a research project to explore quantum applications, including machine learning.
Machine learning and quantum computing are two of the most buzzworthy topics in computing. The emerging field of quantum machine learning (QML) unites them, incorporating a parameterized quantum circuit into a larger classical ML model to speed up learning and improve its efficacy by leveraging unique quantum computational benefits. QML can also be used to enhance and optimize quantum algorithms. Xanadus PennyLane and Googles Tensorflow Quantum are two of the early leading packages in this field.
Quantum Chemistry
Physicist Richard Feynman famously said, Nature isn't classical ... and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you'd better make it quantum mechanical. One of the most exciting applications of quantum computing is the simulation of chemical reactions, which are governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Modeling anything but the simplest of molecules is intractable for classical computers. Algorithms such as VQE enable the simulation of chemical reactions on a quantum computer, which may ultimately enable us to identify new materials and more efficient chemical processes. For example, the HaberBosch process used to manufacture fertilizer accounts for over 1% of the worlds carbon dioxide emissions and energy usage. If quantum computing can deliver even small improvements to this process, the benefit would be enormous.
Beyond The Valley
The classical software industry is concentrated in Silicon Valley. However, quantum software is far more globally distributed, tapping into academic centers of excellence and large-scale government funding. Cambridge (UK) is home to Cambridge Quantum Computing and Riverlane, which between them have raised almost $100 million. Other well-funded start-ups include Qubit Pharmaceuticals (France), Multiverse Computing (Spain), Q-CTRL (Australia), 1QBit (Canada) and Classiq (Israel). The industry will benefit tremendously from this scale and diversity.
Path To Commercial Success
Quantum computing is experiencing a virtuous cycle. Continued progress in improving qubit counts, fidelity and applications is driving interest from early commercial and government adopters who want to get ahead of the learning curve and their competitors as the technology matures. Its also driving substantial increases in venture investment. Governments, which view quantum as a strategic national priority, are following suit with multibillion-dollar funding programs.
Software startups are raising large funding rounds, driven by a land-grab for limited talent, the need to build deep defensible IP portfolios, a desire to position themselves as leading players in the emerging quantum software space and the likely long path to break even. One could argue that investment is far ahead of current commercial demand; however, the potentially transformative impact of quantum computing is so profound investors are willing to place substantial bets today for the promise of outsize returns tomorrow.
Quantum computing promises to revolutionize many industries. The rich evolving ecosystem of quantum software providers will enable early movers to quickly climb the learning curve, differentiate from their competition and achieve exponential benefits to their business.
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Welcome To The Future: Navigating The Rich, Intertwined Quantum Software Ecosystem - Forbes
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