Monthly Archives: March 2021

Supporters of populist parties exhibit higher levels of political engagement than non-populist voters – EUROPP – European Politics and Policy

Posted: March 16, 2021 at 3:02 am

Supporters of populist parties are often assumed to have low levels of political engagement. Drawing on a new study of voters in nine European countries, Andrea L. P. Pirro and Martn Portos argue that this perception is largely misguided. When non-electoral forms of political participation are considered, those who vote for populist parties exhibit higher levels of engagement than supporters of non-populist parties.

Populism is all the rage. Few European countries remain immune from populist parties (we now count Malta and Ireland) and in at least a handful of countries (e.g. Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, and Poland) populist parties hold the majority of seats in national parliaments. The recent performances of Vox in the 2019 Spanish general election and Chega in the 2021 Portuguese presidential election have also put an end to Iberian exceptionalism.

While largely associated with radical-right politics (short for ultranationalist and socio-cultural exclusionary positions on immigration and with regard to ethnic minorities), Europe has also seen a surge of left-wing variants of populism, as illustrated by the once-radical Syriza in Greece and the progressively more institutionalised Podemos in Spain. For the sake of clarity, we consider populism as a set of ideas emphasising the people as the linchpin of any rightful political goal and decision; criticising the elite; and capitalising on a sense of (real or perceived) crisis. Populist parties and movements ultimately seek to mend the degrading of popular sovereignty the latter allegedly corrupted by treacherous and self-serving elites. From this perspective, populism resembles an empty shell that can be filled with ideologies as disparate as socialism or nationalism.

Overall, we have become familiar with the ideology of populist parties as well as the drivers of their vote, but a significant gap persists regarding our understanding of what populist supporters do besides the simple act of voting. Populism is generally linked to mistrust and apathy, and common wisdom suggests that populist supporters do not engage in politics or are, at best, reluctantly political. In a recent study, we were interested to know whether populist voters engage in forms of non-electoral participation, such as protest activities, digital activism, or boycotts. At the same time, we sought to answer questions related to the role played by social values in populist supporters participation as well as the influence exerted by attitudes on economic redistribution and immigration.

We analysed the level of non-electoral participation of left-wing and right-wing populist voters drawing on a survey conducted in nine European countries (France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom), with a representative sample of roughly 2,000 individuals per country. Looking at the range of non-electoral participation activities (which included contacting politicians, signing petitions, demonstrating, striking, damaging public goods, clashing with the police, and using social media for political purposes, among other activities), we came to five main conclusions.

First, populist party voters tend to engage politically more than non-populist party voters. Populist parties therefore foster anti-establishment but not apolitical views. Their unpolitics leads to full engagement in politics since they also prompt grassroots mobilisation. This finding echoes the burgeoning literature on movement parties as hybrid organisations operating in both the electoral and protest arenas. This observation calls attention to the investments in grassroots politics by populist left and populist right parties and the broader prospects they might offer in terms of political socialisation.

Second, left-wing populist party voters generally participate more than right-wing voters. However, right-wing voters are not an entirely demobilised set. Indeed, as Figure 1 below indicates, populist right voters engage more in non-electoral activities than non-populist right voters, and generally as much as left-wing voters. The populist right has thus come to rely on a reserve of all-round activists, prompting us to reconsider the long-standing notion that grassroots activism is the sole preserve of left-wing politics.

Figure 1: Predicted values of non-electoral participation as a function of populist vote

Third, in our attempt to unearth the social values underlying the levels of political engagement, we found that left-wing voters holding libertarian views and populist right voters holding authoritarian views are those that mobilise the most at the non-electoral level. While confirming progressive values as an important driver of participation for the left, our findings show that populist right-wing authoritarians do not necessarily subscribe to forms of orderly or conventional participation. Populist right-wing voters sharing authoritarian views value casting ballots in elections as much as other forms of political participation.

Fourth, when it comes to the issue of immigration, populist right party voters holding negative views on migrants tend to mobilise more than non-populist right party voters. At the same time, positive views on migration tend to feed into the non-electoral participation of populist left voters. This finding resonates with the ideological profiles of populist parties and confirms the prominence of a populist/non-populist divide for engagement beyond the ballot box.

Finally, when it comes to economic redistribution, it is interesting to see that populist right voters embracing redistributive views tend to mobilise as much as left-wing voters whether populist or not. We see this result in line with the progressive though not univocal shift of the populist right from champion of neoliberalism to torchbearer of economic paternalism.

These conclusions have a number of implications for our understanding of populism. In a context of declining party membership, populist parties have supplanted traditional parties, investing in their presence on the ground and constant campaigning. The alternative prospects for political participation offered by these parties are consistent with the images of large-scale anti-austerity mobilisations in Greece and Spain, but also the increasing relevance of grassroots politics in the populist rights playbook as exemplified by the storming of the US Capitol by Donald Trump supporters earlier this year.

So, while populist supporters may be disenchanted with mainstream parties and politics, they are far from disengaged. We thus suggest there should be more focus in future research on developments outside electoral and institutional arenas, and that political participation should return to the centre of our attention. Allegiances and forms of engagement are changing and this holds particularly true for populist right parties that can now rely on a reserve of highly-engaged activists mobilising beyond the voting booth.

For more information, see the authors accompanying paper in West European Politics

Note: This article gives the views of theauthors, not the position of EUROPP European Politics and Policy or the London School of Economics. Featured image credit: News Oresund (CC BY 2.0)

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Is the GOPs focus on cancel culture a winning strategy? – Yahoo Sports

Posted: at 3:02 am

The 360 shows you diverse perspectives on the days top stories and debates.

Whats happening

Not long ago, most Americans had likely never heard of so-called cancel culture. But recently, the phrase has become a focal point for Republican lawmakers and right-wing media in a way that has brought it to the center of the U.S. political conversation.

The definition of cancel culture is relatively fluid based on whos using the term. When discussed by conservatives, it typically refers to the idea that any person or business that strays from a strict set of social rules might have their life ruined by an overzealous mob seeking to cancel them.

The dangers of cancel culture, if it even exists at all, have been debated endlessly by cultural critics over the past couple of years. Whats new is its emergence as a central peg of Republican political messaging in the early months of Joe Bidens presidency.

The theme of last months Conservative Political Action Conference, where former President Donald Trump made his first speech since leaving office, was America Uncanceled. In his remarks, Trump railed against Democrats toxic cancel culture. In the past few weeks, many GOP lawmakers and conservative media figures have spent significant time discussing Dr. Seuss, Mr. Potato Head and the Muppets all of which, in their eyes, have been canceled. Rep. Jim Jordan the top Republican on the House Judiciary Committee has called for congressional hearings on cancel culture, which he called the number one issue for the country to address today.

Why theres debate

Whether you ascribe its emergence to sincere concerns about restrictions of speech or a cynical political strategy, the debate over cancel culture has undoubtedly become a major area of emphasis for conservatives.

In the eyes of some pundits, the GOPs emphasis on cancel culture is a winning political strategy. They argue that cultural issues like critiques of political correctness in the 90s have been a potent way of uniting the GOP base for decades. The tactic could be especially effective today, some say, because it gives Republicans space to push back on the left without centering the debate around Democrats legislative agenda which includes a number of proposals that are popular with most voters.

Story continues

Others say the GOP is making a major tactical error by spending so much time discussing things like childrens books while the country is in the midst of a deadly pandemic and an economic crisis. They argue that, as much as cancel culture debates might inflame the GOP base, Republicans focus on cultural grievances makes them appear out of touch when it comes to the more tangible issues that motivate moderate and independent voters. Some make the case that Bidens long history of moderation and his relatively nonconfrontational approach make it hard to paint him as a fanatical culture warrior.

Smart strategy

It activates ... all of those fight-or-flight responses that we have when we hear fear appeals. And it makes us attend to those messages. And, you know, people who run these media networks, they know that. They know that its something that makes their audience pay attention, and it unifies them because it makes it us versus them. Political rhetoric researcher Jennifer Mercieca to Texas Standard

One of the most significant reasons conservative populism began to rise in 2009 was that these people lacked a connection or commonality with our cultural curators, and they werent wrong. The people who run things in this country have little in common with the very people who use their products or watch their shows or attend their football or basketball games. Salena Zito, Washington Examiner

In a nutshell, you cant have a white grievance party if your constituents arent grieving. Policy that keeps the rank and file in pain keeps them angry, and perversely that can help you at the ballot box by directing their anger at made-up enemies who so the story goes are powered by Democrats who are out to ruin (cancel) American culture. Teri Kanefield, NBC News

They do it for a simple reason: Its one of their best political plays. While Democrats may mock them, the fear of cancel culture and political correctness isnt something that just animates the GOPs base. Its the rare issue that does so without alienating voters in the middle. Harry Enten, CNN

Would I love to get back to talking about policy? Sure, but there is to some extent a need to recognize that that might not be what your voters want. The way that social media is structured, you get a payout for high emotion, for clickability. And your 40-point tax plan is not emotional or clickable. Conservative author Mary Katharine Ham to NPR

This might seem silly and it is. But Republicans and their media enablers use this sort of culture war grievance to avoid talking about real issues, including those they advocate for that are unpopular. Aaron Rupar, Vox

Losing Tactic

Cancel culture and wokeism are worthy of concern. But conservatives should remember that simply being outraged by them and venting about them accomplish very little. The Right should direct its energy away from outrage about Dr. Seuss and towards crafting a positive, forward-looking policy agenda. Michael R. Strain, National Review

The only good news is that this is a war of attrition. Republicans have been fighting against a tide of demographic changes throughout this battle; their voter pool is shrinking. ... If Democrats actually use the power gained through their dominance in the popular vote to change structures like the filibuster and the Electoral College, its all over for the GOP in its current incarnation. Hayes Brown, MSNBC

It has been a fruitful formula for the GOP for decades. But whats so striking about this moment is how ineffectual it has become. Why? Because Joe Biden is kryptonite to the culture war. Paul Waldman, Washington Post

As easy as it is to rile up the base with culture-war red meat, over the long term, the lack of a core set of cogent policy ideas, as well as the disintegration of any traditional policymaking infrastructure, has hurt Republicans effort to appeal to a majority of the American public. Katelyn Burns, New Republic

What if while Republicans are busy trying to bait Democrats on culture war issues, those Democrats end up winning public opinion in a big way by refusing to play along, changing the subject, and actually making the lives of most Americans concretely better? If so, the culture-war play by the right could end up backfiring big time. Damon Linker, The Week

Is there a topic youd like to see covered in The 360? Send your suggestions to the360@yahoonews.com.

Photo illustration: Yahoo News; photos: Getty Images

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Opinion | Justin Trudeau and Doug Ford are showing America who the real populists are – Toronto Star

Posted: at 3:02 am

Canada doesnt have its own version of a presidents club, as the U.S. does for its former leaders.

But its highly unlikely that we would ever see former prime ministers getting together in TV ads to promote the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, as all living former U.S. presidents (minus Donald Trump) did this week.

The two spots, released on Thursday, feature Barack Obama, George Bush, Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter making the case for COVID-19 immunization. Obama talks about how he wants to hug his mother-in-law and Bush says he dreams of attending a Texas Rangers game.

Here in Canada, current and former politicians would not be the first choice for a get-vaccinated ad campaign. Curiously, on matters of COVID-19 at least, this is a far more populist nation, more likely to put the politicians at the back of the vaccination line.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has said repeatedly that hell get his shot when the turn comes for men in his age group and demographic. Will he make a big deal of it when he does? Its risky.

While President Joe Biden and Vice-President Kamala Harris turned their vaccinations into high-profile photo ops earlier this year, thats a bigger public-relations peril for a Canadian prime minister, highly likely to set off a wave of outrage about political privilege.

Premier Doug Ford pushed those buttons himself on Thursday when he accused a New Democrat MPP, Sol Mamakwa, of kind of jumping the line when he received a vaccination in a Northern Ontario community.

In my attempts on Thursday to find already-vaccinated politicians in Canada, I only turned up three prominent ones: Yukon Premier Sandy Silver, Nunavuts Joe Savikataaq and Northwest Territories Premier Caroline Cochrane. All are already twice vaccinated, in fact, but they got their shots in the regular lineups, along with the rest of their populations.

All treated the moment with very Canadian humility. Silvers Twitter post described a profound feeling of gratitude and Cochrane talked of how she booked her own shot online.

There may be more elected people in Canada who have received their shots as part of one or another priority groups. But politician is not one of those groups and I couldnt find any elected representative who had made a big deal of it.

Nor does it appear that any of the parties in Ottawa are keeping track right now of which MPs may have received shots. (That may change when parties need to know whos been vaccinated and who hasnt for purposes of restarting travel and larger meetings.)

Its not just on vaccinations either, though, that the Canadian political class is keeping things very low key and decidedly non-personal on all things COVID-19.

Conservative Leader Erin OToole mentioned only glancingly on Thursday his own brush with a positive COVID-19 test last fall. Many people might have forgotten OToole was COVID-19 positive once. The same is true of Bloc Qubcois Leader Yves Franois Blanchet.

Trudeau, similarly, didnt talk a lot about his wife Sophies early bout with COVID-19, which put the family in isolation a year ago this week. The prime minister did mention in a radio interview this week that his 72-year-old mother, Margaret, had recently received the vaccine in Montreal.

I talked to a thoughtful Liberal MP on Thursday about why Canadian politicians arent keen to speak publicly about how COVID-19 is affecting their own lives. Fittingly, he didnt want to talk on the record, for fear he would sound like a politician boasting about how humble they all are.

But he said that COVID-19 in particular has made politicians very wary of any perception that their lives mattered more than anyone going through real hardship during the pandemic. COVID has touched everyone, he said, and in that way, is a great equalizer. We can always get another prime minister; we cant get another grandma.

He added that this was a Canadian thing, not something that splits along partisan lines. It would be the same if the Conservatives were in power And I like that about Canadians.

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The former U.S. presidents did their TV ads to combat vaccine hesitancy, which is also a slightly bigger problem in that country than here, though recent polls show that Canadians and Americans are increasingly likely to get shots the more they see others getting them.

Who they see getting them is a point of contrast, though. In the U.S., seeing a former president with his sleeves rolled up might just convince someone to do the same. In Canada, wed be asking who the elder statesman shoved out of the way to get that shot. Pandemic populism, on this score, is larger in Canada than it is in the U.S.

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Steering clear of the sirens of extreme populism – www.ekathimerini.com

Posted: at 3:01 am

A great deal of composure and prudence will be required in the coming weeks. Citizens are very tense after a year of financial and mental suffering due to the pandemic. They do not believe anything or anyone as far as when the day of liberation from the restrictions will come is concerned.

At the same time, society and the media are experiencing a schizophrenic situation concerning the governments measures to prevent the spread of the virus. Sometimes we complain that the measures are too relaxed, other times that they are absurdly strict. Endurance and acceptance are close to zero.

The Hellenic Police has a mission that is testing everyones nerves both citizens and officers. Considering that we are all ready for a fight, officers are often faced with tricky situations which they do not know how to handle.

Is this an excuse for the excessive use of violence by police officers, as appears to have been the case on Sunday in the Athenian suburb of Nea Smyrni? Or for the rude behavior of others? Of course not. This incident must be thoroughly investigated until a credible conclusion is reached. Any rotten apples in the police force need to be dealt with severely.

It is wrong for young police officers to be thrown into these situations without special training and without the direct supervision of older, more experienced officers. Maybe its time to ask for the help of other European countries that have a history in this area, by acting without hysteria, in a technocratic manner and with a system in place.

At the moment, however, it is obvious that some people want to mix the existing anger with cultivated hatred and cause a social explosion. They have done it before. It would be tragic if they succeeded, just as we are reaching the end of the pandemic. Greek society has so far shown incredible patience and maturity compared to those elsewhere in Europe. We still have to travel the last, unbearably painful, mile in the pandemic.

The government has shown that it can balance between the law and order dogma and a liberal approach to human rights. It is not an easy balance and the pressure is huge. But this balance is the one that provides it with political dominance and should not be lost.

Nobody else can do it because the main opposition is stuck in an old repertoire which it does not seem to be able to let go of. Citizens want the pendulum to swing back to its original position in the middle for the first time in 47 years. They hate extremes and exaggerations and ignore the sirens of rampant populism despite their personal anger. Only mistakes caused by fatigue or haste can push them into their arms.

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Reed ’21: Steven Pinker Wants to Repair Campus Culture – The Brown Daily Herald

Posted: at 3:01 am

In a world seemingly beset by problems, Steven Pinker has made a career out of focusing on the positive. For the past decade, the Harvard professor turned celebrity intellectual has been spreading the good news about human progress. Pinker has written two bestsellers on the subject and won the praise of thinkers and commentators from Bill Gates to Joe Rogan. His message? Things are getting better. Progress is not inevitable, but the trends are good. Even though it may not always seem like it, the world is more peaceful, prosperous and happy than even just a few decades ago.

Steven Pinker has spent years documenting human progress, and right now hes worried we may be backsliding.

Not in any of the big areas. The overall trends on crime and life expectancy havent all of a sudden reversed. Nor is humanity primed to descend into a second Dark Age. Rather, the not-so-newfound concern of Harvards Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology hits far closer to home. In the last several years, Pinker has become increasingly concerned about a wave of illiberalism, particularly on college campuses.

I spoke to Pinker this past summer after he and several dozen other writers and intellectuals released A Letter on Justice and Open Debate. The letter decried a new set of moral attitudes and political commitments that tend to weaken our norms of open debate and toleration of differences in favor of ideological conformity.

Nowhere is this ideology more widespread than in the halls of Americas colleges and universities. And Pinker has been among the loudest voices pushing back.

Political correctness and cancel culture (in effect, if not in name) are not new, though, Pinker says. For decades, the culture on college campuses has trended ever away from free expression and toward censorship inflicted both overtly and through softer means of subtle intimidation. When he was an undergraduate, Pinker recalls, There were cancellations; there were disruptions of lectures.

Pinker traces the origins of this dynamic all the way back to 1975 and the publication of E.O. Wilsons Sociobiology, when Wilson and other biologists would get shouted down for expressing the view that genetic and other evolutionary considerations determine, in part, social organization.

Still, 1975 was a relatively tender age for the stifling atmosphere we now see on campus, Pinker says. In the 46 years since Sociobiology, the window of acceptable views has narrowed and, consequently, the rate of cancellations has grown. Just in the last few years, though, we seem to have reached a fever pitch.

In 2017, Evergreen College in Washington State descended into chaos when a white professor refused to leave campus after a group of activists organized a day without white students and faculty.

That same year at Middlebury College, students accusing political scientist Charles Murray of racism due to his work on genetics and intelligence prevented him from speaking on campus and assaulted a professor who was escorting him.

A year later, Brown Assistant Professor Lisa Littman of the School of Public Health published a peer-reviewed journal article coining the term rapid-onset gender dysphoria. Upon criticism from trans activists that the study was harmful to trans youth, the University retracted a letter promoting Littmans study, and the journal that published the article announced a post-publication review of the piece, only to republish the same results several months later.

These are not isolated incidents. They speak to a broader trend of cancellations in an increasingly stifling academic environment. To give a more empirical point of reference, the nonprofit Foundation for Individual Rights in Education has tracked disrupted or canceled events going back to 1998 in its Disinvitation Database. After remaining relatively stable, the last five years saw 36 percent more disrupted events (166) than the five years prior (122).

In other words, things seem to have gotten precipitously worse just recently. When I asked the professor why this might be, he provided two theories.

The first is that the recent spike might be a backlash on the left against Donald Trump. People feel that classical liberalism, enlightenment ideals have failed and nothing is left for us but to oppose it with brute force. Brute force meaning (using) the administrative apparatus to silence or fire people. The rise of Trump, combined with flashpoints like the killing of George Floyd, has served as a focal point for the dissatisfaction with the status quo that has led to some fairly radical responses.

The other explanation is that this new wave of illiberalism is just the cumulative effect of several generations of professors having indoctrinated their students in an ideological mixture of postmodernism and Marxist critical theory. Unfortunately, we have just reached the tipping point.

But the problem isnt just some fringe groups of student activists, Pinker says. Many of our institutions, including much of the campus bureaucracy itself, have become radicalized over the years. So many people in positions of administrative power were brought up with this postmodernist and critical theory ideology that its become second-nature. Professors then indoctrinate the next generation of students in these sorts of beliefs, namely that history is a struggle, that there is no objective truth and that argumentation and logic are just pretexts to power. These students, in turn, go on to become professors themselves primed to indoctrinate the next generation.

Its not that every college administrator or professor shares these views, though, Pinker says. But few are daring enough to express their opposition. When faced with an issue of this sort, colleges too often choose flight over fight. Groveling has become the default setting. Its rather disturbing to see the people in charge of our institutions of higher learning repeating clichs and slogans, Pinker said. For university administrators, (acquiescence) is often the path of least resistance since a small number of noisy student protestors can make a university presidents life miserable.

Student activists have learned how to game the system. Claims of mental and physical harm are used to advance political agendas. Statues are taken down. Disfavored speaking events are shut down, and those opposing such moves are treated as though they agree with the content of the speech rather than the principle of free speech itself. But its mostly a tactic, Pinker says. Its not that we have a generation of snowflakes. Although, there may be some of that. But its not so much being wounded but its the pretext of being wounded, which is used as a means to exert power and conscript others into conforming to the ideology.

All of this would be moot, though, if it werent for campus administrators playing along. Student activists have found a partner in university administration and have leveraged its power for political purposes. Nowadays, the radical student protesters bring in the campus bureaucracy to multiply their own power, something they wouldnt have been caught dead doing when Pinker was an undergraduate. Even though university presidents technically arent powerless, they have subcontracted or outsourced the parts of the job that entail responding to student activists.

Consequently, bureaucracies like Title IX and gender equity offices have taken up those tasks. But the missions of those offices, while noble, are not the universitys mission. The transmission of knowledge is just not something these offices concern themselves with. Its not in their job description. And since they operate largely autonomously, in cases where the two missions conflict, the university winds up on the losing end.

The result is that fringe student activists can and do wield an inordinate amount of power on campus. Universities have become political in the extreme, and we should be worried.

Contrary to the clich sometimes attributed to Henry Kissinger that academic disputes are so fierce because so little is at stake, I think a lot is at stake, Pinker says. Not only (because) its college graduates who populate and control all of our institutions but the entire academic ecosystem is at stake.

The ability of universities to inform the public hinges on their credibility. And college administrators, for the most part, have watched silently as that credibility is destroyed. I have more than once gotten into arguments with conservatives and libertarians over climate change, where I say, theres no reason to question our best science that climate change is real, and they say why should we believe it just because its the scientific consensus? Universities are so overrun by the political correctness police that we cant take anything coming out the of the university at face value if someone dissented, theyd be canceled.

Solving these problems is not easy. But there are some slam-dunk moves universities and students can take to improve the culture, Pinker says. The number one priority of each and every campus bureaucracy must be to advance the mission of the university. Administrators must also continuously reiterate the principles that underlie the existence of the university, namely acquisition of knowledge where knowledge inherently involves humility and skepticism.

On the student side, Pinker is optimistic. Ive been surprised by how many students are actually appalled by the stifling of debate and the deplatforming of speakers. But, by and large, these students have watched the battles on campus from a safe distance. (They) arent bringing in the bureaucrats to shut down those they disagree with, theyre not protesting, theyre not setting off fire alarms during lectures, so we dont really know how prevalent these views are. But repairing the culture requires that they be more vocal.

Whether these kinds of changes are coming anytime soon, Pinker is unsure. But he rejects the notion that the pendulum will swing back from gravity alone.

I think it could happen and will happen but only if we make it happen. It wont happen by itself.

Andrew Reed 21 can be reached at andrew_reed@brown.edu. Please send responses to this opinion to letters@browndailyherald.com and op-eds to opinions@browndailyherald.com.

Image: Bhaawest,CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

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Negative emotions are better predictors of populist attitudes – Mirage News

Posted: at 3:01 am

Populism has been on the rise in Europe for some time. Numerous studies are seeking to explain this trend, and the role of emotion has received more attention, only recently. Researchers from the University of Amsterdam have for the first time identified the relative importance of socio-economic, socio-cultural and emotional factors in a single comprehensive study among a total of 8,059 respondents from 15 European countries. They conclude that negative emotions are the best predictors of populist attitudes.

In their study, the researchers looked at three types of explanatory factors that are usually associated with populist preferences, the first of these being socio-economic factors. Earlier studies suggested that economic insecurity or adversity (e.g., due to unemployment or low income) is strongly associated with distrust of government and elites as well as support for right-wing populist parties.

Another type of explanation for developing populist mindsets that was examined in the study revolves around peoples social identity and the attachment they feel to a particular group or country. Once people feel that their cultural identity and values are being threatened by alien values, belief systems or ideologies, this could increase their support for populist parties and policies.

Finally, the study looked at negative emotions anger, contempt and anxiety as explanations for support for populism: anger about not achieving goals or about certain behaviour or events caused by others, contempt for others who are seen as guilty and inferior and anxiety due to feelings of threat.

After thorough analysis of these various factors that could potentially explain populist preferences, the researchers concluded that negative emotions are better predictors than socio-economic and socio-cultural factors. In general, they find no significant correlation between socio-economic factors and populist attitudes, apart from a very negligible relationship with education. They also found no significant connection between socio-cultural factors and populist views. However, the link between populist attitudes and anger, contempt and anxiety appears to be relatively strong.

The research design was based on a structural equation model (SEM), while a novel machine learning algorithm, Random Forest (RF), reaffirmed the importance of emotions across the collected international survey dataset.

We provide empirical evidence that all three negative emotions play an important role in explaining populist attitudes. These emotions likely reflect peoples negative feelings about their current socio-economic or socio-cultural status, according to the researchers.

David Abadi, Pere-Lluis Huguet Cabot, Jan Willem Duyvendak & Agneta Fischer (2021), Socio-Economic or Emotional Predictors of Populist Attitudes across Europe. The results of this study are currently available on PsyArXiv Preprints.

This research was funded by the European Unions H2020 project Democratic Efficacy and the Varieties of Populism in Europe (DEMOS) under H2020-EU.3.6.1.1. and H2020-EU.3.6.1.2. (grant agreement ID: 822590).

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Charade of being politically correct (letter) | Letters To The Editor | lancasteronline.com – LNP | LancasterOnline

Posted: at 3:01 am

The America of the 21st century is quickly evolving into a nation of politically correct puppets who are quite skilled in the art of acting hypocritically virtuous. They often keep their pretentious emotions well hidden in order to be a part of this charade called political correctness.

Technology entangles the vulnerable in a politically correct web of empty words. Instead of promoting unity, I believe it is often used to edit the words in our Bibles and to demonize the symbols of our freedom that they deem to be offensive. They recently declared war against the Muppets, which is both pathetic and laughable.

To further divide America, political correctness enthusiasts have seemingly joined minds with the socialist movement. One seeks to control our voice box, while the other seeks to control our freedom. This must be a dream come true for comrade U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.

To strengthen our democracy, we should also look within to identify and repair our own frailties. Unfortunately, the idle-minded often blame others for the sins of our past and present. They whine and play victim, seemingly because its easier than confronting the issues that divide us.

It is impossible to force the euphoria of brotherhood on society. We must come to the realization that erasing the past and rewriting Websters dictionary is futile. A strong and inclusive society is only achievable with open and honest conversations.

History has proven that America is synonymous with freedom and, together, they are the two most powerful seven-letter words on planet Earth. Be grateful, America, and please stop whining.

Kathy E. Hondares

East Lampeter Township

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Charade of being politically correct (letter) | Letters To The Editor | lancasteronline.com - LNP | LancasterOnline

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Counterfeit justice in sports: Why we must fight – Minot Daily News

Posted: at 3:01 am

What is happening in womens sports right now is a perfect example of why its important for citizens to speak out on sociocultural issues. Too many have acquiesced to the immense social pressure to either affirm or stay silent on the issue of transgenderism because they dont want to be labeled as hateful and judgmental.

At this point, the pressure is so great that many citizens fear losing their job if they dare express an opinion that doesnt align politically with the Left. Many people justify their silence by telling themselves its none of their business how other people live their lives. However, transgender ideology does, in fact, affect us all. There are real world implications for the redefinition of certain key words like man and woman, and one way we are seeing that play out is the misguided, dangerous, and unfair push to allow males in female sports.

There is a mountain of evidence that shows that, in general, male athletes are bigger, stronger, faster, possess better hand-eye coordination, and are more spatially aware than their female counterparts, all of which clearly give men the advantage. Women would be put in a considerably vulnerable position if they were made to compete against males, especially in a contact sport as women are more likely to be injured when colliding with a man verses another woman.

Males even have the advantage after one year of gender-affirming hormone therapy. A study by the British Journal of Medicine showed that trans-women (males) still had a 9% faster average run speed after the one year period of testosterone suppression that is recommended by World Athletics for inclusion in womens events.

The celebration and complete acceptance of transgender ideology has implications beyond the world of sports. It is now acceptable to allow our youth to be test subjects for social experimentation. Our cultures celebration of victimhood has an incredible pull on impressionable youth especially if they are struggling socially. They know that by identifying with the LGBT movement they will be celebrated by their peers and by the culture.

Unfortunately, this does not lead to happier and healthier kids, despite what we are told. There is a reason that a moral society establishes an age of consent for sexual activity. Our government recognizes that children do not have the ability for consensual sex because their brains are not fully developed. And yet, we are being told that toddlers have the self-awareness and mental capacity to choose their own gender. Children and teens are being encouraged to make life-altering decisions that they do not have the ability to make and that they likely will regret as they grow older. How is this showing compassion and kindness towards young people who struggle with gender dysphoria? Speaking truth with love and respect is a much higher virtue than ignoring obvious lies for the sake of being kind. It is nothing less than tragic to accept a worldview in which biological sex and gender are separate from each other because this leads to a society in which objective scientific facts are turned into mere cultural and social constructs. This leaves women particularly vulnerable because we cannot protect womens rights without a concrete definition of what it means to be a woman.

If gender is not informed by objective biological science, then it has to be based on subjective feelings and opinions which can and do change, especially in a culture that quickly and easily propagates postmodern philosophies like gender theory through the use of social media. The number of kids who identify as trans has skyrocketed in recent years. This is not an organic development, but due to peer contagion that is spurred on by activist parents, media, Hollywood, Planned Parenthood, and certain public school systems all actively recruiting our youth to identify with the LGBT movement. Trans athletes are currently in the minority, but as transgenderism ideology becomes more mainstream, there will be more and more males who will want to compete in womens sports. If we do not pass legislation to protect womens sports, the scholarships, awards, and opportunities that sports provide will once again be dominated by men and boys.

Many have been fooled into thinking that this is progress. It is not. We must not allow transgenderism ideology to override established biology. We must not choose political correctness over the safety and hard won rights of women and girls.

Transgenderism is portrayed as a complex and nuanced field of medicine, but in actuality, it is an ideology that requires us to ignore established biological science and logic. The whole transgender movement is religious in nature. It requires faith to believe that men can be trapped inside a womans body, and vice versa. It requires complete obedience in thought and action. People are held accountable for daring to question a narrative that, for all of human history up until very recently, most people would have considered absurd. There are calls for repentance when someone has been identified as a bigot, but there is no forgiveness to be found no matter how desperate or unnecessary the apology. The fallen are told that, unfortunately, losing a job and/or being deplatformed from social media are the justifiable consequences for not falling in line with the doctrine of gender theory a theory that in part was pioneered by the prominent psychologist John Money, whose unethical experimentation on two young boys led to their suicides as adults.

The incoherent thought processes in this particular ideology are many. Just one example: we are told that making the assumption that only girls like to play with dolls and like the color pink is wrong and an example of a toxic social construct.

But at the same time we are told that if a young boy exhibits those preferences, he must actually be a girl. How are these assertions compatible with each other?

If we truly cared about the mental well-being of our impressionable youth, we would point them to the truth of who they are based on objective reality rather than the subjectiveness of postmodern philosophies and cultural trends. We would tell them that while transgenderism falsely claims that our bodies are irrelevant to the person we are on the inside, our biology points us to the truth that our bodies and souls together form an integrated and whole human being.

Not only would we tell them the truth of who they are, we would advocate for ethical, compassionate, evidenced-based psychological care to address their confusion and distress.

One way North Dakotans can make their voices heard on this issue is to contact their district senator and urge him or her to support HB 1298 relating to the prohibition of males in female sports. We must not allow a counterfeit social justice for the minority to create an injustice for the majority. The future of womens sports, as well as the mental well-being of our youth, depend on the courageous among us who are willing to accept the social backlash in order to stand for truth. Its time to stand up for women, for girls, and for children because they are the ones who are being the most negatively impacted by the transgender movement. In order to do that, we must educate ourselves on the origin of gender theory and examine this worldview in a logical way, leaving emotion, politics, and antagonism toward others behind.

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Counterfeit justice in sports: Why we must fight - Minot Daily News

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Hey South Jersey, the PC police are calling out jimmies – New Jersey 101.5 FM

Posted: at 3:01 am

Yes the political correctness police are at it again and now theyre coming for your ice cream.

There are a few sure fire ways to tell if someone is from North Jersey or South Jersey. If they say water ice theyre south, Italian ice theyre north. If they say hoagie theyre south, sub theyre north. And those little confections you put on top of your ice cream? If they say jimmies theyre south, sprinkles theyre north.

Well South Jersey, get ready to double down or repent.

Turns out some geniuses somewhere along the line have come up with the narrative that jimmies are racist. And an ice cream shop in Massachusetts, where some New Englanders also call that topping jimmies, is changing the name. They had an ice cream flavor called Just Jimmies but is now changing the name to Just Sprinkles.

Somewhere along the road to Idiocracy some people decided jimmies got their name from the Jim Crow laws which forced racial segregation. Although no one can produce any hard evidence of this origin whatsoever. Still, in candyass 2021 when we all live in perpetual fear of looking bad, the ice cream shop isnt taking any chances.

The company put out a statement saying, While the origins of the word jimmies is unclear, Brighams made the decision to change the name to ensure the brand reflects our values and meets our consumers expectations.

This is pathetic. We are now sanitizing things we arent even sure are racist. Were sanitizing things just in case there could possibly be an eventual slight misunderstanding.

So what are places like South Jersey expected to do? Now that some places are changing the name just in case its racist does that mean if you DONT change the name you ARE racist?

Folks. ITS JUST AN ICE CREAM TOPPING!

Even if jimmies had been based on Jim Crow, which theres no evidence of, no one means that when they order jimmies. It means something completely different now from what it maybe never meant in the first place.

So whats South Jersey going to do with jimmiesgate upon us? Will they change the name to sprinkles? Hell no. Theres a better chance of them changing the name to jawn.

The post above reflects the thoughts and observations of New Jersey 101.5 talk show host Jeff Deminski. Any opinions expressed are Jeff Deminski's own.

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Hey South Jersey, the PC police are calling out jimmies - New Jersey 101.5 FM

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Gen X Would Very Much Like To Be Left Out of These Meaningless "Cancel Culture" Conversations – The Mary Sue

Posted: at 3:01 am

A recent article from theNY Post is calling for members of Generation X to save the world from cancel culture. And after getting picked up by Fox News, the article is being laughed into oblivion by Gen X on Twitter, who would very much like to be excluded from this narrative.

In the heavily exaggerated wars between Boomers and Millennials, and Millennials and Gen Z, Gen Xthose born between the mid-1960s and early 80shave largely been able to stay out of the fray. A lot of them also pride themselves on that. But writer Matthew Hennessey has decided that this generation is the last hope to stop this current trend of holding people accountable for their actions and shifting away from media containing racist images.

But despite being a self-proclaimed member of Gen X, Hennessey has a strange understanding of what the world looked like during his formative years.

We grew up in a country that didnt ban books. We all agreed that witch hunts and blacklists were bad. Censorship was an outrage. The 1980s were not that long ago. Dont act like you dont know what Im talking about, he writes.

I dont know how he came to the conclusion that books werent being banned in the 1980s but they absolutely were. Everything fromThe Satanic Verses to the Dungeon Masters Guide toThe Color Purple and so many more were banned from schools and libraries. He even usesHuck Finn as an example of modern cancel culture, even though thats been banned off and on in various forms since right after it was published nearly a century and a half ago.

The generation that fought for its right to party should be leading the charge against these millennial Maoists terrorizing the culture via social media, Hennesseys article reads, making the extremely interesting choice to quote the Beastie Boysa band that has worked hard to make amends for the rampant sexism present in their early work. Self-inflicted cancel culture!

Hennesseys approach to his argument is poorly plotted. He brings up instances of cancel culture that his generation experiencedspecifically, Tipper Gores campaign to add ratings to music with explicit lyrics. But he also frames the 80s as an era where cancel culture didnt exist, where people could agree to disagree. In reality, those kids grew up seeing how absurd this sort of culture war was and now take offense to their Fox News elders telling them they should fight against censorship in any forms. (Especially since that view of cancel culture has nothing to do with censorship and everything to do with human decency.)

Moreover, that generation has already been through all of this once, when the big villain put forth by the right was political correctness, which really just meant common decency. Now weve got cancel culture, which is really just accountability.

Hennesseys version of the present is just as baffling as his version of the past. In the fight against cancel culture, he writes, We will have to engage in a thousand tiny battles every day and it will be terribly uncomfortable. Itll be hard standing up to school administrators pushing an anti-racist curriculum on your kids. Itll take real courage to refuse to call yourself a bigot and to denounce the people who raised you.

First of all, someone should tell him that theres already a word for anti-anti-racism and its just racism. Also, I dont think Gen X has any problem denouncing their parentsthe people who tried to cancelD&D and Twisted Sister. (The latter of which, by the way, didnt really happensomeone should listen to the recentYoure Wrong Aboutpodcast episode about that whole Tipper Gore campaign. They might learn something!)

If we cant find the guts to do this dirty job, the second half of our lives is going to look very different than the first half did, he writes. We will taste life in Siberia. Our children and our childrens children will be forced to navigate a miserable, paranoid world of lies and deception. They will be asked to spy on their own parents. They will denounce their friends.

You heard it hear first. If we dont buy all the books written by transphobes and keep watching movies with grotesque racist caricatures, then were basically inviting a new wave of Nazi Youtha panopticon of surveillance and social banishment.

What an argument.

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Gen X Would Very Much Like To Be Left Out of These Meaningless "Cancel Culture" Conversations - The Mary Sue

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