Daily Archives: March 31, 2021

Amidst much uproar from the Opposition benches, the Rajya Sabha on the late hours of Wednesday passed the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Bill, 2021. Legislators from Opposition parties walked out of the house at the time of voting after the government refused to send the Bill for the consideration of a Select Committee. This Bill, which will fortify the Centres grip over Delhi, had been passed by the Lok Sabha on March 22 and will soon become law after Presidential assent.

The Bill ostensibly seeks to give effect to the interpretation made by the Supreme Court on the constitutional provisions regarding the structure of governance in Delhi and clarify that the expression Government shall mean the Lieutenant Governor.

In reality, it completely nullifies the 2018 judgment of the five-judge Constitution Bench of Supreme Court in Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi v. Union of India that laid down the primacy of the elected government in Delhi. This Bill challenges the fundamental underpinnings and principles of democratic government and federalism in India.

The Bill undermines the authority of the democratically elected government of Delhi in several ways. Firstly, it states that the expression government referred to in any law made by the Legislative Assembly shall mean the Lieutenant Governor of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Such an interpretation is truly bizarre and betrays all principles of democracy and representative government.

It destroys the very need to have a Council of Ministers and transmogrifies the role of the Lieutenant Governor beyond what is envisaged in the Constitution and in the 2018 Supreme Court Judgment.

The Constitution Bench had held that the status of the Lieutenant Governor is that of an administrator, in a limited sense and that the Lieutenant Governor has not been entrusted with any independent decision-making power. Even if we accept that the Lieutenant Governor is not a mere ceremonial head, it is hard to fathom how in a parliamentary system the term government can singularly mean an unelected nominee of the Centre.

Secondly, it states that on matters specified by the Lieutenant Governor, the Council of Ministers must obtain the permission of the Lieutenant Governor before taking any executive decision. This provision directly violates the 2018 Supreme Court judgment. Interpreting Article 239AA (4) of the Constitution, which states that the Council of Ministers shall aid and advise the Lieutenant Governor, the Supreme Court held that the Lieutenant Governor is bound by such aid and advice on all matters in the State List of the Constitution, other than the excluded subjects of land, police and public order.

It held that requiring prior concurrence with the Lieutenant Governor would negate the ideals of representative governance and democracy. Hence, while the Lieutenant Governor should be informed of the decisions by the Council of Ministers, his/her concurrence is not necessary. The Bill not only makes the Delhi government beholden to the diktats of the Centre, but will also make daily administration cumbersome as all decisions will require the prior approval of the Lieutenant Governor.

Thirdly, the Bill imposes multiple restrictions on the rule-making powers of the Legislative Assembly of Delhi. It prohibits the Assembly from making any rule that enables it to examine the day-to-do matters of administration or conduct any inquiry into administrative decisions. It also requires the rules made by the Legislative Assembly of Delhi to be consistent with the rules of Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha.

Such restrictions on the rule-making powers of the Legislative Assembly are an unprecedented assault on the inherent powers of a legislature. Restricting a Legislative Assembly from conducting inquiries into administrative decisions of the government destroys the very purpose of the legislature, which is to hold the executive to account. The administrative actions of the Executive cannot be above legislative scrutiny in a parliamentary government.

The Bills requirement that the rules of conduct of business to be consistent with rules of the Lok Sabha also has no basis in the Constitution or parliamentary conventions. Such restrictions destroy the inherent privilege of each legislature to frame rules regarding its proceedings on its own volition.

Hence, through multiple provisions, the Bill completely enfeebles both the Legislative Assembly and the Council of Ministers of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It overturns the Supreme Court judgment though subterfuge and destroys the essence of the Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991 that provided Delhi a special status as a national capital territory with a legislative assembly.

The passage of this Bill casts ominous signs for the future of federalism in India. While Prime Minister Narendra Modi often rhetorically invokes the idea of co-operative federalism, such decisions by the Union government subverts federalism and centralises political authority. Beyond the faade, federalism in India is now being hollowed out by incremental steps that dismantles the autonomy of state governments, especially those governed by opposition parties.

These steps range from passing laws, like the farm bills, that limit states authority to legislate on agriculture, to withholding Goods and Services Tax compensation to states, to using the office of the governor to topple opposition-led state governments after effecting political defections. The starkest example of the decimation of federalism was the abrogation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 and converting a full-fledged state into a Union Territory.

Many political observers, especially on social media, are now pointing out how the chief minister of Delhi had then tweeted in support of the decisions of the Centre regarding Jammu and Kashmir. However, while the hypocrisy and insensitivity towards Kashmir is indeed worrying, deriving any schadenfreude for what is happening to the Delhi government is unfortunate.

As India witnesses a brazen assault on its foundational values of constitutionalism, democracy, and federalism, it is important to oppose and collectively resist these decisions on principle. Challenging the belligerent centralising agenda of the Union government requires a new politics of federalism, one that genuinely embraces the principles behind this idea and articulates it assertively in mass politics.

Mathew Idiculla is a legal and policy consultant based in Bengaluru and a visiting faculty at Azim Premji University

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Bill giving primacy to Delhi LG shows hollowness of Modis claims of co-operative federalism - Scroll.in

It is a realisation of the fundamental political freedom of self-determination, which itself is a fundamental human right of a people.Many Nigerians with the full knowledge of these historical contexts and lessons have sought to resolve amicably the fractious union imposed by colonialism. The inclination is to renegotiate the union with more autonomy for parties to the union and ensure a true federation and if impossible draw new national boundaries. Czechoslovakia went different ways without firing any shots, and where you had standpatters like Yugoslavia, they went into violent dissolution.

The need to avoid these doomsday scenarios perhaps informed the voice of reason sounding from a congregation of Nigerian peoples under the aegis of The Nigerian Indigenous Nationalities Alliance for Self-Determination. The alliance parading prominent Nigerians, including former Chief of General Staff, Commodore Ebitu Ukiwe (rtd), former Governor of Plateau State, Jonah Jang, Second Republic Senator, Prof. Banji Akintoye, erstwhile President-General, Ohaneze Ndigbo, Chief Nnia Nwodo, former Vice-Chairman of Arik Air, Senator Anietie Okon, leader of Middle Belt Forum, Dr. Bitrus Pogu, professor of religion, and Prof. Yusuf Turaki among others petitioned the foremost global governance body, the United Nations (UN), the European Union and the continental organisation, the Africa Union, United States of America and the British Government,over the faulty Nigerian state structure and the constitutional framework known as the 1999 Constitution, which they claimed is flawed or in the words of the late Rotimi Williams, a constitution that lied against itself.In the petition, the alliance noted the incongruity of the extant 1999 constitution evident in its skewed nature in favour of the northern region to the de-autonomisation of other regions, especially the South and Middle Belt regions of the country.

According to the alliance, We gather here today before the global community, to formally proclaim a sovereignty dispute in rejection of the further operation of the imposed, unitary constitutional arrangements of Nigeria and in assertion of our inalienable right to self-determination. Besides, the alliance drew attention to the fact of a country-wide consensus against the unitary constitutional arrangements imposed incrementally on Nigeria by a combination of guile, brute force and impunity between 1966 and 1999, now codified by the 1999 Constitution, saying, the countrywide consensus had manifested in several unilateral regional and joint multi-regional actions in repudiation and rejection of the 1999 Constitution. All said, the alliance called on Nigeria to urgently convoke a Sovereign National Conference to discuss Nigerias constitutionality and the 1914 Amalgamation of the Southern and Northern Nigeria within 90 days as the pathway to freedom from an obvious internal colonisation.

We think that the alliance has spoken and its action is in the direct direction. Nigeria has become the sick man of Africa, saving the patient, itself a recalcitrant bully requires the prodding of agencies of global governance and great powers to avoid an implosion that would have devastating and domino effect on the West Africa sub-region.The global community should look the other way. The reality today is that the country has been badly governed, its resources squandered by a most backward elite that continue to preside over the looting of the common till of the peoples in ways that have stunted economic growth and development. We would like to put the world on notice that things have virtually fallen apart in Africas most populous nation and the centre may not hold without dialogue to restore freedom and autonomy to the component nationalities of the country. The tenor of the debate so far evinces a window for a negotiated federal union.

The essential ingredients of such a union have been well canvassed and engrossed in several documents, which the alliance have copiously adverted to.As the alliance has rightly noted, Between 2005 and 2006, a Sovereign Conference of the Ethnic Nationalities of Nigeria, convened by the Pro-National Conference Organizations (PRONACO), deliberated exhaustively and produced a Draft Peoples Constitution 2006, which had the potential of restoring Nigeria to its damaged federal foundations. Though ignored by successive Federal Governments, that draft became the new Federating Consensus against the prevailing unitary constitutional order in Nigeria.

It is to be noted that the federal thread runs though these documents acknowledging it as an instrument of governability in the context of managing diversity and multi-ethnic entities like Nigeria. Which is why the governing party in the country should wake up from its lethargy and disdain towards calls for restructuring of the federation in the context of practice of federalism, which we consider the only answer to our ticklish national question, after all.

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Federalism is the answer, after all - Part 22 - Guardian

By PTI

NEW DELHI: Rajya Sabha witnessed a massive uproar on Wednesday as the opposition, led by the Congress and the AAP, alleged that the Modi government was trying to bypass the elected Delhi Assembly by bringing an "unconstitutional" bill to empower the Lt Governor and was practising "coercive federalism".

Several opposition members trooped into the Well and shouted anti-government slogans forcing two back-to-back adjournments of 10 minutes each, while the BJD, YSRCP and the SP members walked out in protest against the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Bill, 2021.

Defending the bill, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs G Kishan Reddy asserted that the amendments have been brought to address certain ambiguities in the law and rejected allegations that it was an attempt to usurp powers of the elected government.

Congress MP Abhishek Manu Singhvi tore into the GNCTD (Amendment) Bill , dubbing it is "most unconstitutional bill" which the House has ever received and went on to say that "even the Delhi BJP should join us in opposing this".

"Make no mistake friends this is not about AAP, or Congress or BJP. It's about the fundamentals of federalism," he said, and alleged the current regime at Centre was engaged into "coercive federalism".

The Trinamool Congress and the Shive Sena also attacked the central government over the bill, and several opposition members demanded that it be sent to the Select Committee for greater scrutiny, The bill, that was already been passed by Lok Sabha, was later approved by Rajya Sabha on Wednesday.

According to the bill, the "government" in Delhi means the "Lieutenant Governor" and it also makes it mandatory for the Delhi government to take the opinion of the L-G before any executive action.

Soon after Rajya Sabha returned the Finance Bill, 2021 this evening, the House took up the proposed legislation on Delhi.

However, Leader of Opposition and Congress leader Mallikarjun Kharge opposed the amendments, alleging they have been brought to put up a proxy government or to rule Delhi state through the "back door".

"If you make LG the government (of Delhi state) what is the need for elections. And also there is no need then for representatives to chose chief minister. This (bill) is against the Constitution," he said.

Kharge, a former Union Minister, said if the present government actually wants to make amendments it should bring a Constitutional amendment and not through an ordinary bill.

Sanjay Singh, MP of Aam Admi Party (AAP) which is in power in Delhi, took a jibe at the BJP saying the bill has been brought as it lost assembly elections twice.

"I am seeking justice for two crore citizens of Delhi and for 130 crore Indians. I am standing here to save the Constitution of India," he said.

A notice moved by Singh regarding the bill was not approved by the Chair.

As opposition members were objecting to the bill, Union Minister Kishan Reddy asserted that the amendments were not new in nature, but have been brought to address certain ambiguities related to the functioning of the NCT government.

The minister said he was ready to respond to all the concerns being raised.

BJP MP Bhupinder Yadav too defended the proposed legislation.

Meanwhile, several opposition members started raising anti-government slogans and trooped in the Well of the House.

Deputy Chairman Harivansh tried to calm the members and called Singhvi to put forth his views on the bill.

As the protesting members reached the well and House marshals arrived, Kharge warned that what happened in the Bihar assembly on Tuesday should not be repeated.

Kharge was referring to the chaos that erupted in the Bihar assembly when police were called inside to assist the marshals in evicting unruly opposition members protesting against the Bihar Special Armed Police Bill, 2021.

However, Singhvi insisted that the House first be brought to order.

"I cannot even hear myself," he said, as sloganeering continued.

With protesting members in no mood to relent, the Chair adjourned the House twice for 10 minutes each.

When the House re-assembled, Singhvi started his speech.

The Congress leader, who is a senior lawyer, alleged the bill reflects a fundamental intolerance of the ruling party towards other parties.

He alleged the laws were being changed through "stealth", "subterfuge" and "camouflage", and hence it is even more diabolical.

The Congress MP also took a swipe at Prime Minister Narendra Modi, saying in 2012 he had expressed concerns on federalism.

Derek O'Brien (TMC) made a strong pitch for sending the bill to the Select Committee.

BJD's Prasanna Acharya said the Centre should have held wider consultations before bringing this bill.

"My party does not want to be a party to this bill. We are staging a peaceful walkout," he said, and lamented that the proposed legislation undermines the elected government of Delhi state.

P Wilson (DMK) termed the bill as "blot on the Constitution".

He cautioned that the bill would be stayed by courts even if it is passed by Parliament.

He too demanded that the bill be examined by a select committee.

V P Nishad (SP) and Jharna Das Baidya (CPI-M) too opposed the bill terming it unconstitutional.

In his speech, Manoj Jha (RJD) said his party was opposing the proposed law "on constitutional parameter and moral principles".

V Vijayasai Reddy (YSRCP) too walked out of the House.

Opposing the bill, AAP leader Sanjay Singh said it is against the Constitution, democracy and elected government.

"Delhi's two crore people have elected the government. We want to know for which mistake you are punishing us. Are you punishing us for improving education, health and other areas in the interest of people?" he said.

Singh said the BJP always talked about having a full-fledged government during elections in Delhi although the party has not won since 1998.

"Why don't you pass a bill that the President will run the country and not Prime Minister and Home Minister," he added.

He claimed the reason behind bringing the bill is that the Delhi government denied giving six stadiums to convert them into jails for protesting farmers when the central government had asked for it.

The bill has also been brought to withdraw the free water and electricity given in Delhi, he said, adding that Delhi citizens will not forgive the BJP.

"Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. The tendency of the BJP to subvert democracy and hunger for absolute and unchecked power has been seen on earlier occasions too.It was seen in Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal and Maharashtra," Shiv Sena's Priyanka Chaturvedi alleged.

"If this bill is passed, citizens of Delhi will suffer. It should be sent to a select committee for wider consultations," she said.

SAD leader Naresh Gujral urged the government not to deny the citizens of Delhi their rights.

"They voted to elect people to govern them. Today you are denying them to govern. That's why my party strongly opposes it," he said.

TDP's Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar said even if the bill is introduced, it cannot override the effect of the Constitution.

"If the matter is taken to SC, it will be subject to judicial review and will not stand the legal scrutiny," he said.

NCP leader Fauzia Khan strongly opposed the bill saying "if passed today it will be called a black day in the history of constitutional democracy."

The bill should be rejected outrightly and scrapped, she said, adding that she does not understand why the Centre is getting into a conflict with union territories and states."

In Maharashtra, we have given 12 governor-nominee names for MLCs to the Governor and they have not been approved for months now as he is waiting that the government may change anytime," she alleged.

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Opposition slams GNCTD Bill as 'unconstitutional', accuses Centre of practising 'coercive federalism' - The New Indian Express

In a blow to Delhi-based AAP, President Ram Nath Kovind on Sunday, gave his assent to the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Bill, making it a law. President Kovind is currently admitted to AIIMS hospital and will undergo a planned bypass surgery on March 30. The GNCTD Bill which defines the powers of the Delhi Lieutenant Governor (LG), has been opposed by AAP, terming it 'murder of democracy'.

On Wednesday, Rajya Sabha passed the GNCTD Bill amid a walkout from opposition parties including Congress, SP, BJD, RJD and YSRCP. While 83 MPs voted in favour of the bill, 45 votes were cast against it. Though Congress and SP demanded that the bill should be sent to a Select Committee, BJD MP Prasanna Acharya opined that it undermines the authority of an elected government and Assembly. Amid multiple adjournments, the Upper House witnessed a war of words between AAP and the treasury benches. The Lok Sabha, where BJP has a single-party majority,passed the Bill on Monday.

According to PRS, the Bill proposes to define the powers of the Delhi government and the L-G with regard to the 1991 Act, amending it:

Previously, in a 2019 Supreme Court judgement, Delhi government has been empowered to appoint special public prosecutors or law officers, fixing land revenue rates, the power to appoint or deal with the electricity commission or board. The SC also stated Delhi Anti Corruption Branch (ACB) cannot probe central government employees and that the Centre has the power to appoint Enquiry Commission. The SC has referred to the issue of transfers and posting of officers to a larger bench.

This has led to AAP accuse the BJP of 'giving LG power to stop work being done by the government elected by the people of Delhi' - leading to delay in schemes' implementation. In 2018, the SC had observed that the Delhi government need not obtain L-Gs concurrence on all governance issues, but only inform him. As of now law and order, and the police come under the Ministry of Home Affairs while administrative powers rest under the Delhi government.

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President Kovind gives assent to GNCTD Bill as Opposition cries Assault on federalism - Republic TV

On December 20, 1991, Home Minister S B Chavan tabled the Constitution Amendment Bill in the Lok Sabha to add Article 239AA and 239AB to our Constitution. The amendment paved the way for the setting up a legislative assembly and a council of ministers for the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. When the Bill was put to a vote, it was passed unanimously with all 349 members in the Lok Sabha supporting the bill. Along with Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the members who favoured the Bill included L K Advani and Madan Lal Khurana who had voted in support even after the amendments they introduced earlier in the day were negated. This started the process of Delhi having a legislative assembly and a council of ministers and Madan Lal Khurana went on to become the first Chief Minister of Delhi.

Earlier this week, both Houses of Parliament voted overwhelmingly in favour of the amendments to the Government of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi Act. The amendments aimed to clear ambiguities in the roles of various stakeholders and provide a constructive rules-based framework for stakeholders within the government of Delhi to work in tandem with the Union government. This rules-based framework is especially important given that Delhi is also our national capital and carries the symbolism that comes with being the seat of the sovereign power.

The NDA government, under the leadership of the Prime Minister, has championed cooperative federalism, which is evident from the tangible steps that have been taken to achieve this. The creation of NITI Aayog, the establishment of the GST council, and the restructuring of central schemes are clear examples of promoting fiscal federalism in Prime Minister Narendra Modis first term. In the 2019 manifesto, the NDA promised greater involvement of the states in all aspects of policymaking and governance, thereby strengthening federalism.

Cooperative federalism requires an environment of trust and mutual cooperation. A necessary condition for such an environment is the distinct delineation of roles and responsibilities, the removal of ambiguities, and the definition of a clear chain of command among stakeholders. In this regard, it was important to define, without a doubt, who represents the government in the unique case of Delhi.

In June 2015, the Delhi legislative assembly had passed the Delhi Netaji Subhas University of Technology Bill and sent it for assent to the President of India. In the Bill, it had defined the term government as the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. In January 2017, the Lieutenant Governor (LG) wrote to the Speaker of the Legislative assembly of Delhi stating that the President had returned the bill. One of the reasons stated for this was the inconsistent definition of the term government. The Delhi Assembly passed a modified version of the bill where the definition of government was described as Lieutenant Governor of NCT Delhi appointed by the President.

The amendment that was passed by Parliament aims to bring in this very consistency that the Delhi government has acknowledged and course-corrected on. As the Act now has the Presidents assent, we also need to ensure that the LG is made more accountable. This can be done by stipulating a maximum time limit to decide on matters that are referred to the LG in the case of legislative proposals and administrative matters in the rules.

The constitutional amendment passed in 1991 empowers the Parliament to enact laws supplementing constitutional provisions. Similarly, the Government of NCT of Delhi also has the power to enact laws regarding matters specified under the state list and concurrent list, to the extent these apply to a Union territory.

It becomes important to ensure there is complete synchronisation between the Union government and the Government of NCT of Delhi and there is no encroachment in legislative matters. In the case of the Government of NCT of Delhi, it has no legislative competence in matters pertaining to the police, public order, and land, which are in the state list but do not apply to Union Territories. The risk of incremental encroachments on these subjects in the legislative proposals under consideration by the Delhi Legislative Assembly can have severe ramifications for Delhi. Similarly, making the Delhi assembly rules consistent with the rules of the Lok Sabha or ensuring that the opinion of the LG is taken can only ensure clarity and foster an environment of co-operation. Thus, for the opposition to portray a government exercising its constitutional responsibilities as an undemocratic act shows a wilful lack of understanding.

Our national capital hosts the countrys legislature, the seat of the Union government, the judiciary, diplomatic missions, and other institutions of national importance. It deserves smooth functioning and cannot be subject to misadventures arising from the ambiguities in the roles and responsibilities of its stakeholders.

While some in the opposition have accused the government of undermining the federal structure of the country, others have painted an even darker picture proclaiming the death of democracy itself. Nothing can be farther from the truth. The people of Delhi deserve a functioning government, and the amendments made aid in creating such an environment.

This article first appeared in the print edition on March 31, 2021 under the title Ending ambiguity in Delhi. The writer is Minister of State for Home Affairs and represents the Secunderabad Parliamentary constituency in the Lok Sabha

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Amendments to NCT Act clarify LGs role in Delhi, will lead to greater cooperation between Centre and UT - The Indian Express

BAHAWALPUR, (UrduPoint / Pakistan Point News - 26th Mar, 2021 ) :A two-day international conference on Federalism, State and Society has been started under the auspices of the Department of Political Science, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB).

Vice-Chancellor Prof. Dr Athar Mahboob inaugurated the conference which was attended by Germany, Sudan, UK, Belgium and Pakistan. Delegates from various universities are participating through hybrid meeting and online. Addressing the inaugural session, Vice-Chancellor Prof. Dr Athar Mahboob said the international conference on a very important and unique topic was welcoming.

The IUB was emerging as a university that is leading the society in social, political and economic affairs through advanced teaching and research. Similarly, IUB has a leading role in the promotion of sciences, social sciences and other modern sciences. Our forefathers, through a democratic struggle, achieved a separate Federal system that is designed to last forever.

He said the main objective of the federation and the state was to create a conducive environment for development by creating an atmosphere of peace and harmony in society.

The Pakistani constitution guarantees a strong federal system. He said that we have to learn from history and work out a plan of action for the future so that a peaceful, prosperous and egalitarian federation becomes the identity of our dear country Pakistan in the world.

Addressing the conference, Dean Faculty of Social Sciences Prof. Dr Rubina Bhatti said that the federal system is a very important subject of the political system and its evolution would have started with human evolution.

He said that experts from different fields would discuss the important topic of the two-day conference which would be a source of guidance for teachers and students.

Chairman Department of Political Science Prof. Dr Musawir Hussain Bukhari welcomed the delegates.

He said that the federal system is running very successfully in more than 25 countries of the world and our political system in Pakistan is also based on the same federalism.

Focal person of the conference Prof. Dr Yasmeen Rufi said that this conference was organized by the Department of Political Science. It is part of a series of national and international conferences organized by the party.

The central idea of the federal system is based on democratic and human values. In this two-day conference, researchers, scholars and students will be introduced to various aspects of federalism. On the first day, former Vice-Chancellor Bahauddin Zakaria University Multan Prof. Dr Khawaja Alqama, Prof. Dr Zafar Nawaz Jaspal of Quaid-e-Azam University Dr Iram Khalid, Head of the Department of Political Science Punjab University Lahore and Dr Thoran Kail of the University of Candbray UK addressed the gathering. The system is the guarantor of unity between different nations and regions. Equitable economic development of all units is the key to the success of the federal system. In the current context, the speakers said that CPEC is in fact important for strengthening the Pakistani federation. Dr Shakeel Akhtar, Dr. Safdar Hussain, Dr. Sarfraz Batool, Shahbaz Ali Khan, Shehzad Ali Gul, Arsalan Rasool, at the conference. Samara Azuma, Sehar Bano, Musarat Fatima, Dr Salman Bin Naeem, Ansar Abbas, Jibran Jamshed, Ahsan Riaz, Ayesha Bibi and Hussni Mubarak are acting as coordinators of online and hybrid sessions.

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Two-day int'l conference on federalism starts at IUB - UrduPoint News