Daily Archives: June 25, 2020

Reg CF Chatter: There are a Flood of New Funding Portal Applications – Crowdfund Insider

Posted: June 25, 2020 at 12:46 pm

Word on the street is there has been a recent increase in applications to become a FINRA regulated Funding Portal.

A funding portal is a relatively new entity created under the JOBS Act of 2012. Funding portals may raise capital under Regulation Crowdfunding, commonly referenced as Reg CF. A funding portal is a regulated entity and a bit like a broker-dealer lite as it must adhere to certain compliance rules as it hosts companies seeking capital that sell securities online.

Under current rules, an issuer may only raise $1.07 million under Reg CF in any one year a relatively anemic and arbitrary amount. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has proposed raising the funding cap to $5 million a move that may be fueling renewed interest in the securities exemption.

Currently, there are 54 FINRA regulated funding portals and 12 former funding portals that no longer operate (and several that have not paid their FINRA dues). Although there are a good number of these regulated investment platforms, the bulk of the Reg CF offerings are hosted on a handful of online capital formation platforms. As well, broker-dealers may issue securities under Reg CF and several former funding portals have let go of their funding portal designation to become broker-dealers.

So will we see an increase in new funding portals and affiliated securities offerings? Most likely yes, once the SEC moves the funding cap to a more reasonable amount.

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Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Therapeutics Market Valuation 2020 | In Depth Analysis, Solution, Industry Influence Factors – Cole of Duty

Posted: at 12:46 pm

The orbisresearch.com has published Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Therapeutics market 2020 global trends and analysis report to its store

The Global Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Therapeutics market report is deep study of the present market dynamics. It consists of the detailed study of current market trends along with the past statistics. The past years are considered as reference to get the predicted data for the forecasted period. Various important factors such as market trends, revenue growth patterns market shares and demand and supply are included in almost all the market research report for every industry. A significant development has been recorded by the market of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Therapeutics, in past few years. It is also for it to grow further. Various important factors such as market trends, revenue growth patterns market shares and demand and supply are included in almost all the market research report for every industry. A systematized methodology is used to make a Report on the Global Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Therapeutics market. For the analysis of market on the terms of research strategies, these techniques are helpful. All the information about the Products, manufacturers, vendors, customers and much more is covered in research reports.

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Key Players:Vertex PharmaceuticalsorporatedGileadAbbVie,Novartis AGF. Hoffmann-La Roche LtdAlaxiaMerck & Co.AIT (Advanced Inhalation Therapies)ALLERGANAstraZenecaTeva Pharmaceutical Industries LtdAlcresta

Types:Pancreatic enzyme supplementsMucolyticsBronchodilatorsCFTR modulators

Key Applications:Oral drugsInhaled drugs

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Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Therapeutics Market Valuation 2020 | In Depth Analysis, Solution, Industry Influence Factors - Cole of Duty

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CF library to host Zoom meeting with doctor who discovered Flint water crisis | News, Sports, Jobs – Iron Mountain Daily News

Posted: at 12:46 pm

Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha

CRYSTAL FALLS The public is invited to join a Zoom meeting at 1 p.m. Thursday with two Crystal Falls Book Clubs as they connect with Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha to discuss her book What the Eyes Dont See.

The book is her account of her discovery that Flints children were being poisoned by lead leaching into the citys drinking water. The book is Michigan Humanities choice for the 2019-20 Great Michigan Read, and the Crystal Falls District Library has partnered with Michigan Humanities to distribute free books as well as supporting educational materials at their library.

The library was given 30 books, reading guides, and bookmarks that have been circulating with patrons, the two book clubs in the area, and the library board. Evelyn Gathu, the director of the Crystal Falls Library contacted Hanna-Attisha about having a virtual book talk with the book clubs and patrons from the library.

Gathu said she was overjoyed when Hanna-Attisha herself responded by email positively. To get instructions to join the Zoom meeting, go to the librarys website: http://joomla.uproc.lib.mi.us/CrystalFalls/.

The Great Michigan Read aims to connect Michigan residents by deepening readers understanding of our state, our society, and our humanity. A statewide panel of teachers, librarians, community leaders and book lovers selects the Great Michigan Read every two years.

Shelly Hendrick Kasprzycki, Michigan Humanities president and CEO, said she hopes What the Eyes Dont See will encourage Michigan citizens statewide to read, discuss and learn from the book, and that it will increase opportunities for civil discourse on topics ranging from water quality and access to environmental injustice and the intersection of humanities and science.

Dr. Mona Hanna-Attishas willingness to fight for children and tirelessly advocate for change in and beyond Michigan will have readers cheering as she follows the science and her young patients experiences to uncover one of the states worst public health catastrophes, Kasprzycki said.

Hanna-Attisha is the founder and director of the Michigan State University and Hurley Childrens Hospital Pediatric Public Health Initiative, an innovative and model public health program in Flint.

Currently an associate professor of pediatrics and human development at the MSU College of Human Medicine, she has been named one of Time magazines 100 Most Influential People in the World for her role in uncovering the Flint water crisis and leading recovery efforts.

She was among the first to question if lead was leaching from the citys water pipes after an emergency manager switched the citys water supply to the Flint River in 2014. She also is committed to increasing literacy in Flint and elsewhere.

Hanna-Attisha said she was honored to have What the Eyes Dont See chosen for the 2019-20 Great Michigan Read, and said the concepts of place and history are critically important to her book.

From the resistance of the Flint sit-down strikers to the reign of demagogue Charles Coughlin, Michigans DNA is full of history some good and some bad and some shared and some hidden which we must understand in order to address our present-day challenges, she said. Like so many Michiganders, my story is an immigrant story. It was critical to share this part of the story in this memoir because it informs how I see the world and the work that I am privileged to do.

Copies of What the Eyes Dont See are available at the library for those who want to read the book. The Crystal Falls District Community Library is currently open for curbside service only. To get a copy of the book, email staff at cflib@uproc.lib.mi.us or call 906-875-4465.

The 2019-20 Great Michigan Read is presented by Michigan Humanities and supported by national, statewide, and local partners, including the National Endowment for the Humanities and The Meijer Foundation.

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Rob Law: How I defied the doctors – and Dragon’s Den – Irish Examiner

Posted: at 12:46 pm

Born with cystic fibrosis, Rob Law lost his sister to the disease, was told hed die young and never have kids and had his business idea dismissed as worthless on Dragons Den. Having just launched his memoir, he tells about defying the odds, following his passion and keeping fighting when the experts were telling him to quit.

Rob Law and his children daughter Ida, 6, and his two sons, Rafe, 3, and Kip, 1 Theyre my greatest achievement, says Law, who has just published his memoir.

AS A YOUNG man on the cusp of adulthood, Rob Law was told it wouldnt be possible for him to have children.

Law, now 43, has Cystic Fibrosis (CF), the progressive genetic condition that negatively impacts multiple body functions including breathing and digestion.

CF especially for men affects the reproductive system. It blocks tubes, says Law, who wasnt thinking much about babies when told in his early 20s hed be childless.

But the years went on and his priorities crystallised. I wanted financial security and I wanted to start a family. I love kids Im a big kid at heart. Fortunately, my partner, Kathryn, also wanted children and shed researched the medical interventions that had come on stream by then.

The couple embarked on a course of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), used instead of standard IVF when sperm arent swimming well enough to fertilise eggs.

It was a challenging journey. We were successful in pregnancy but we had two miscarriages.

Rob Law Rob with sister Kate on a family holiday in Canada four months before she died from CF.

And then their fortunes turned, with Ida born in February 2014. Aged six now, the little girl has two brothers, Rafe, 3, and Kip, 1. Theyre my greatest achievement, says Law, who has just published his memoir.

In refusing to accept childlessness as his fate, Law was doing what he has always done from a young age defying the expected life trajectory that seemed laid out for him.

At 16 he lost his beloved twin sister Kate to CF. She was a very bubbly character, very into her books, whereas he was more outdoorsy. Like most twins, they communicated via our own gobbledegook. But CF took a stronger grip on Kate.

Her lungs got to where they were really causing her a lot of difficulty. She was put on a heart and lung transplant list and got a new pair of lungs 18 months before she passed but her body rejected them.

Hugely devastated and traumatised by her death, Law, who was born near Chester in the UK, realised he could well share Kates fate in just a few years medics said he couldnt expect to live into his 20s.

Rather than wallowing, I put CF behind a wall and chose life. In the months after her death, I decided life was to be lived and that mine could be short, so I wanted to get the most out of it.

Struggling with dyslexia at school, he took refuge in the arts and discovered product design. I was completely sold on it. I was very excited about designing consumer products I set out to do the best course I could.

In his second year studying Product Design at university looking for ideas so he could enter a national competition Law wandered into the luggage section of his local department store, noticed hard-moulded plastic suitcases that were on trend but were all black and boring and then drifted into the kids toy section. I was looking at the ride-on toys and remembering how my younger brother, Dave, enjoyed going round the garden on his ride-on tractor and it came to me.

Rob Law with daughter Ida as a baby. Rob was told he wouldn't be able to have children due to CF.

His idea was the Trunki, a colourful ride-on childs suitcase. But when he brought it on Dragons Den -BBC- in 2006, it was massively rejected judges said it wasnt a business opportunity and that the company hed set up was worthless. Id quit my job as a design consultant three weeks earlier. Sixteen hundred Trunkis had just arrived in the UK. Id just started trading, recalls Law, who says the humiliating experience is embedded on his mind.

When Peter Jones told me it was worthless, I just didnt understand the words coming out of his mouth. I had a brand and a product taken all the way to market, so it didnt sound worthless to me. I was kind of numb. I thought this was the death knell of the business.

It wasnt the Trunki went on to sell in the millions and to win awards and Law had a moment a few years ago when the constellation of his achievements really hit home.

We were going to my brothers wedding and on the long walk from gate to baggage check Ida was using her Trunki for the first time and really enjoying riding on it. It struck me: I was on a journey that I wasnt supposed to have, with a daughter I was told Id never have, on a product I was told was worthless, says the man who named his memoir (65 Roses and a Trunki) for his creation and for his condition: 65 Roses is how young children often get their tongues around cystic fibrosis.

Health-wise, Laws on lots of medication, as well as twice-daily physiotherapy for lung clearance. He decided many years ago rather than coasting to set himself fitness goals: to do a half-marathon a month, three and a half marathons a month, to do the 600-odd miles from Lands End to John OGroats. He caught the triathlon bug, competing at middle distance. With three kids now, I cant get that level of training. Ive recently focused on swimming. Last year I did a 6K swim.

HE COUNTS himself as one of the lucky ones. There are a lot worse off than me. The perspective that hes really quite fortunate permeates even the tough phases. In lockdown at home in Bristol with Kathryn and the kids, he knows hes extremely vulnerable to Covid-19 and has been told so by medics. But in life, as in lockdown, his habit is always to focus on the more short-term, on what he can control.

I shouldnt be leaving my front door, but I still get out in the evenings for a cycle or run when the kids are down. Weve got nice gardens, a good coffee machine Im grateful for those and for being able to spend more time with the children.

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CF is a serious condition but you have to get up and grab on to life – Bury Free Press

Posted: at 12:46 pm

In the 1970s, when Luke Peters and Sammie Read were diagnosed with CF, their parents were told if they made it to their teenage years they would have done well.

Now in their 40s, the friends are still living with the condition.

Treatment has come on leaps and bounds in the past four decades, with Sammie feeling the benefits of a new drug and Luke a year into his recovery following a double lung transplant.

This year, classed as clinically extremely vulnerable, they have had to shield from coronavirus, yet they remain positive.

When Luke was diagnosed aged 13 months his parents were told the outlook was pretty bleak, however he remained fit and well throughout his childhood. It was not until he started working in the aviation industry CF began to affect him.

However, he carried on through his first career, then went to law school to retrain in his late 20s and became a solicitor in the city.

But just before his 40th birthday he was advised to reduce his working hours as CF increasingly took its toll, before he was forced to stop working altogether.

I was fighting a losing battle and trying to work even part-time was putting too much stress on my body, said Luke.

I was a stay-at-home dad for a few years with my son and then my daughter (now aged nine and six). But throughout 2016 my lung function was down to 20 per cent and I was told I needed to get on the transplant list. If I didnt, I might not survive.

Luke was on the list from January 2017 until May 2019. In that time he had two false alarms, when he was telephoned in the middle of the night and travelled to hospital for an anxious wait to see if the lungs were viable.

It was a case of third time lucky when, on May 1 last year, he received the third early hours call. After travelling to Harefield Hospital, in London, for the transplant surgery Luke was unconscious for eight days spending his 47th birthday asleep and spent five weeks in hospital.

Then I started making a slow recovery, clawing my way back to some sort of fitness again, said Luke.

Im now doing great. Ive gone from having a cough most of the day to not having a cough at all. It is literally life transforming stuff.

The family had looked forward to travelling this year following Lukes recovery. Those plans are on hold while Luke shields, but he has maintained a positive outlook.

We have basically not been out the house since the middle of March, but we are lucky to live on the doorstep of lovely countryside where we dont see anybody, so we can go for walks, said Luke.

I think, really, until a vaccine comes along it may be a case of staying in the four walls and only venturing to places where we wont come into contact with anyone.

People with CF are resilient. On the one hand lockdown has been tough, but in a way we are more used to it already. We are used to staying away from anyone who might be ill, we are used to time away from family and friends when we are in hospital, we are used to being aware of bugs out there. In a way, it has come as a tough thing, but its not something most of us with CF havent experienced to some extent.

Shielding has given Luke the opportunity to focus his attention on a project close to his heart his book.

While he had always intended to write about his life and CF experiences, being on the transplant list inspired him to put pen to paper to ensure his children knew more about him should he not survive.

When I went on the transplant list I spent a year coming to terms with it. It is a terrifying thing, said Luke

You dont know if you will be waiting weeks, months or years. It could transform your life or end it. There is a very real chance you wont survive the operation or the initial four-week period afterwards. The idea of writing a book kept coming back to me.

Luke started writing in September 2018 and by the time he had the transplant he had written 10 of the 20 chapters. After spending last summer recovering, he started writing again in September 2019 and finished in March.

He hopes to release the book in September and has launched a crowdfunding campaign to fund the self-publishing costs of Coughing It All Up. In addition to raising awareness of CF, the book will raise funds for the Cystic Fibrosis Trust, with 20 per cent of royalties going to the charity as well as a lump sum if the crowdfunding campaign reaches its 8,000 target.

I wrote the book for my kids, so they would know something about my early life, but now it has taken on a life of its own, said Luke, 48.

It is not just a book about CF and my double lung transplant, I have tried to throw in as much non-CF material as possible. It is about what you can do in life despite having CF.

I have managed to achieve some exciting things. CF is a serious condition, it does impair and impact, but in a way dont let it rule you and despite it being there, carry on and do what you want to do anyway. You have to get up and grab on to life and go for it.

I always say I am so lucky. I have CF, but I have also managed to do all these amazing things. I have done so much, so how could I sit here and think I am not lucky?

Donate at https://www.crowdfunder.co.uk/coughing-it-all-up

Sammie Read, who lives near Stowmarket, has started a new and life-changing drug during her time shielding.

Before lockdown I was told there was a chance I might be offered a new drug, Trikafta. My consultant requested for me to be able to take the tests three weeks into lockdown and I was accepted, said Sammie.

Within six hours of starting I could feel my chest changing. Trikafta is an amazing drug. Previously my lung function was under 40 per cent and it is now at 60 per cent. I cant believe that in three weeks on Trikafta I am not coughing at night and my resting heart rate has dropped.

It is not a cure, but it has made a massive difference to my life.

Sammie, who lives with her husband Ewan and two dogs, said she had missed going to the gym, which she visits four times a week as exercise helps to keep her airways clear.

But like Luke, Sammie has ventured into the countryside during the months of shielding, discovering footpaths she did not know existed despite living in Mendlesham for 30 years.

She has remained positive throughout, but said it hard been hard not being able to visit her son when he moved into his new home after lockdown began.

The one thing you want to do is support your child, said Sammie.

I have been so lucky living where we are.

CF people are very appreciative of life and every day we have. When youre little youre told you wont make your teens but last year I had a ball for my 40th and raised just shy of 20,000 for the CF Trust. The trust has kept me here.

For more information about CF Week, go to http://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk

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Canada Cleared for Upgrade of 36 Boeing CF-18 Fighters – Aviation International News

Posted: at 12:46 pm

A potential Foreign Military Sales deal to Canada of an upgrade package for 36 Boeing CF-18 fighters has been approved by the U.S. State Department. The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is due to induct a new fighter type between 2025 and 2035, and its current Hornet fleet has been deemed unable to adequately meet Canadas NATO and NORAD commitments until then without significant investment.

As a first step, the Canadian Department of National Defence (DND) acquired 18 low-houred F/A-18A/Bs (and seven non-flying aircraft for spares) from the Royal Australian Air Force. The first of them arrived in Canada in February 2019 for modification to Canadian specifications. Under the DNDs C$360 million ($265 million) plan the former Australian aircraft are scheduled to achieve full operational capability in December 2022.

As a second step, the DND is to implement the Hornet Extension Project Phase 2 to equip two squadrons' worth of upgraded CF-18s. These aircraft are being modified with upgrades to sensors, weapons, survivability, security and mission support to improve combat capability, according to the DND HEP 2 document.

HEP 2now cleared by the U.S. and estimated at $863.2 millionincludes a range of systems and weapons that add significant enhancements to armament, communications, and sensor capability. A key element is the acquisition of the Raytheon APG-79(V)4 electronically-scanned radar, along with its associated wideband radome. Weaponry included in the potential sale comprises 50 AIM-9X Sidewinder Block II air-to-air missiles, as well as various associated training stores, and 20 AGM-154C Joint Stand-Off Weapons.

Other systems included in the package are new ARC-210 Gen 6 radios, new data transfer modules/units, joint mission planning systems, and upgrades to training systems. New triple ejector racks are on the shopping list, as are 30 Improved Tactical Air-Launched Decoys (ITALDs). Canada hopes to begin implementing this project in 2022, with initial deliveries scheduled for 2023. The program is expected to be completed by 2025/6, and its timing is aligned with the expected delivery schedule of the new fighter type.

That programdubbed Future Fighter Capability Project (FFCP)intends to procure 88 new fighters to completely replace the Hornet fleet. It was launched in late 2017 and was followed by the acquisition of the Australian F/A-18s as a stop-gap capability in place of a scrapped deal to buy 18 Boeing Super Hornets. A final request for proposal (RFP) was issued on July 23, 2019, leading to the Airbus/UK government team withdrawing the Typhoon from the competition. Dassault had withdrawn in November 2018, leaving FFCP as a three-horse race between the Saab Gripen E, Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet Block III, and Lockheed Martin F-35A.

FFCP has been delayed again recently as a result of difficulties arising from the Covid-19 emergency. The initial deadline for responses to the RFP had earlier been extended from March 30 this year to June 30 in response to requests from industry but has now been further extended to July 31 in respect of Covid-related issues. A contract award for FFCP is slated for 2022.

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Nitrogenous Fertilizer Market Is Expected To Create New Opportunities By 2027 | CF Industries Holdings, Inc., Sinofert, CVR Partners LP – 3rd Watch…

Posted: at 12:46 pm

Nitrogenous Fertilizer Market report has been released with reliable information and accurate forecasts for a better understanding of the current and future market scenarios. The report offers an in-depth analysis of the global market, including qualitative and quantitative insights, historical data, and estimated projections about the market size and share in the forecast period. The forecasts mentioned in the report have been acquired by using proven research assumptions and methodologies. Hence, this research study serves as an important depository of the information for every market landscape. The report is segmented on the basis of types, end-users, applications, and regional markets.

Nitrogenous fertilizer market is expected to reach grow at a growth rate of 4.80% in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. Increasing awareness among farmers regarding soil nutrition will act as a driving factor for the nitrogenous fertilizer market in the forecast period of 2020- 2027.

The report also emphasizes the initiatives undertaken by the companies operating in the market including product innovation, product launches, and technological development to help their organization offer more effective products in the market. It also studies notable business events, including corporate deals, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, partnerships, product launches, and brand promotions.

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The report also inspects the financial standing of the leading companies, which includes gross profit, revenue generation, sales volume, sales revenue, manufacturing cost, individual growth rate, and other financial ratios.

The market is predicted to witness significant growth over the forecast period, owing to the growing consumer awareness about the benefits of Nitrogenous Fertilizer. The increase in disposable income across the key geographies has also impacted the market positively. Moreover, factors like urbanization, high population growth, and a growing middle-class population with higher disposable income are also forecasted to drive market growth.

According to the research report, one of the key challenges that might hinder the market growth is the presence of counter fit products. The market is witnessing the entry of a surging number of alternative products that use inferior ingredients.

Nitrogenous Fertilizer Market Country Level Analysis:

The countries covered in the Nitrogenous Fertilizer Market report are U.S., Canada, Mexico in North America, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Denmark, Italy, U.K., France, Spain, Netherland, Belgium, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, Rest of Europe in Europe, Japan, China, India, South Korea, New Zealand, Vietnam, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in Asia-Pacific (APAC), Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America as a part of South America, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA).

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Leading Nitrogenous Fertilizer manufacturers/companies operating at both regional and global levels:

Bunge Limited, Agrium, Yara, Nutrien Ltd, EuroChem Group, CF Industries Holdings, Inc., Sinofert, CVR Partners LP, Koch Industries and Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan Inc. among other domestic and global players.

Key factors influencing market growth:

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Nitrogenous Fertilizer Market Is Expected To Create New Opportunities By 2027 | CF Industries Holdings, Inc., Sinofert, CVR Partners LP - 3rd Watch...

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Survey Finds 94% of Bingo and Casino Players Aware of Responsible Gambling Tools – BingoDaily

Posted: at 12:44 pm

A survey published by casino affiliate site bonusfinder.com showed that during the last four months of the lockdown period, 94% of online bingo and casino players were aware of the responsible gambling tools available to them.

The research surveyed 500 UK online casino and bingo players. It revealed that 31% of players had gambled somewhat more between in the lockdown period, whilst 28% said that they gambled the same amount as they would in regular circumstances.

Importantly, the survey showed that 94% of gamblers were aware of responsible gaming tools during the March to June. The tools include limits on deposit and session times, taking a break, self-exclusion options as well as information on profit and loss.

Interestingly, of those surveyed, the over 45s group revealed that they were three times less likely to know of responsible gambling tools than the younger age groups. Only 3% of 18-24-year olds were unaware of any responsible gambling facilities.

The responsible gambling tool which was the most recognised was deposit limits. In total 66% of men were aware of deposit limits whilst the number was lower for women (66%).

Fintan Costello, Managing Director, BonusFinder.com, said: Our research has found that RG tools have been top of mind for players even when many have been confined to their homes due to government guidelines.

As the UK emerges from this period, we can see that gambling levels have risen but to a lesser extent than we expected and crucially, that players are aware of the range of helpful RG tools available to them across many regulated brands.

The industry is taking a great deal of positive steps to protect players and it is high time we focused on this. We must continue to educate and normalise RG tools across all ages as well as improve and increase education and awareness for younger adults.

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The First Amendment may be safe, but free expression is not | TheHill – The Hill

Posted: at 12:43 pm

Free speech is under attack today, but more in spirit than in lawand thats the problem. The First Amendment, which precludes the government from abridging a citizens right to speak their mind, doesnt apply to the reactions citizens have when others offer unsavory opinions. That means the core sensibility the Founders wanted to protectthe culture of free expressionis vulnerable not only to unconstitutional attacks from the state, but from what are perfectly permissible attacks from citizens and employers.

That problem cant be solved in the courtsit needs to be addressed in the public square. And at the moment, the spirit of free speech has too few champions.

Lets be clear: There are plenty of noxious, racist and objectionable ideas floating around in America today. Few believe that the Justice Department should prosecute those who articulate those points of viewlegal restrictions would be clear violations of the First Amendment. But legal prohibitions arent the only barriers to free expression.

Set the Constitution aside for a moment: At what point does the social or economic cost of expressing an idea others find unsavory become so high that democratic discourse is fundamentally undermined? At what point does fear of being a social outcast suffocate the democratic discourse that is the lifeblood of democracy?

President TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump rally sparks self quarantine of dozens of Secret Service agents GOP: Trump needs a new plan Trump faces ObamaCare court deadline as political ground shifts MORE skirted a line ahead of his rally in Tulsa, Okla. By suggesting that protesters would be treated differently than they had been treated in other cities, he didnt specify how things would be differentor who would do the treating. Would it be government officials? Would it be counter-protesters acting of their own volition?

As president, many will assume hes threatening to use law enforcement to stifle free speecha clear First Amendment violation. But we shouldnt fall down the rabbit hole of legal wrangling. The issue is whether people who oppose the presidents agenda should, absent government interference, be able to voice their opinion in the public squareand Trump seems to be saying no. Thats a problem regardless of the legal implication. We should want our president to see and hear and consider the objections of those who oppose the administrations agenda. Thats how democracy is supposed to work.

But its not just Trump and his supporters who seem inclined to silence their opposition. Something remarkable has happened on the left as well. The haste with which individuals are canceledfired from jobs, castigated on social media, treated almost like lepers in their own social circlesfor expressing unpopular opinions is chilling. Theres too often no recourse for those who have expressed ideas at odds with the prevailing culture, and no tolerance for mistakes.

As The Washington Post reported recently, two people who attended a Halloween party hosted by the newspapers award-winning columnist took exception to another attendees costume: In an attempt to poke fun at NBC News host Megyn Kellys comments on the legacy of blackface, a woman had dressed up as Megyn Kelly in blackface. The attendees were angry that the host had not passed along the womans name. A New York Times story recently revealed the degree to which young people now apply the tactics of online bullying to peers who hold various political opinions.

People should be confronted when they reveal prejudice. But in the age of social media, transgressions may never be lived down, no matter how you atone. We can all believe in accountability without embracing the notion that anyone uttering the words All Lives Matter should forever be emblazoned with a scarlet R.

"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." That famous turn of phrase has long been used to explain the value and importance of the First Amendment. And few Americans would dispute that the government should be prevented from stifling free expression. Thats why, decades ago, the ACLU fought to allow Nazis to march through Skokie, Ill., despite the chilling effect their march was likely to have on the Holocaust survivors who lived nearby.

Today, the nations democratic discourse is threatened less by a shift in the government policythough, frankly thats at issue too. Whats happening in the wider culture should be of real concern. None of us are obligated to befriend a racist or invite a bigot over for a picnic in the backyard. But free expression doesnt exist de facto if expressing an opinion at odds with the prevailing view of either the left or the right leads to dire, immutable consequences.

The spirit of democracy depends on providing citizens the opportunity to talk through their differences. It cannot survive if citizens are too fearful to divulge what they really think.

Margaret White is executive director of No Labels, a group that seeks to move Washington beyond partisan gridlock and toward solutions to challenges faced by the country.

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In the Face of Hate, Public Universities Struggle to Balance… – Diverse: Issues in Higher Education

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June 23, 2020 | :

With students and faculty posting heated and in some cases, racist reactions to current events on social media, universities find themselves in a legal minefield as they navigate First Amendment rights and the educational ideals of tolerance and respect.

In the past month alone, many college students and faculty have posted inflammatory comments on social media about the death of George Floyd in police custody and about the Black Lives Matter protests. Some posts have also been anti-Semitic.

Earlier this month, Drew Dollar, an incoming freshman at Louisiana State University (LSU), yelled I hate n*****s in one of his Instagram stories. On June 1, a photo surfaced on Twitter of Penn State student Ryann Milligan smiling over her shoulder, displaying a swastika drawn on her back. And Dr. Mike Adams, a criminology professor at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), compared COVID-19 closures to living in a slave state. Adams tweeted, Massa Cooper, let my people go! about North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper.

It didnt take long for the photo, the Instagram story and the tweet to circulate and for thousands of people to sign petitions demanding that Penn State swiftly expel Milligan, LSU rescind its offer of admission to Dollar and UNCW fire Adams.

This is a direct hate crime and a threat to my safety, wrote student Miriam Waters on a petition to rescind Dollars admission from LSU. I am a tuition paying student just like him and I should not have to worry about my livelihood because this institution wants to add a number to their student population.

A petition for disciplinary action against Penn States Milligan has garnered close to 157,000 signatures. Allowing her to remain a student of Penn State is a disservice to all Jewish people, living or dead, said the petition. And two petitions to fire UNCWs Adams for hisinflammatory commentshave collected a total of nearly 90,000 signatures.

But Penn State did not expel Milligan, LSU did not rescind its offer of admission to Dollar and UNCW did not fire Adams. Instead, each university released versions of the same sentiment: While we condemn racism, were beholden to the First Amendment and a students right to free speech.

Many on Twitter are unconvinced the schools have done everything in their power and that the First Amendment could tie a universitys hands in acting against inflammatory speech or symbols.

But according to most legal experts, if a college or university is a public institution, the First Amendment does limit the action it can take.

The First Amendment states that the government cant discriminate on the basis of content or dictate the words people can use to express their views, said Dr. H. Jefferson Powell, a law professor and director of the First Amendment Clinic at Duke University. It cant say, Okay, were going to allow nice, well-thought-out speech about race issues, but were not going to allow hateful and inflammatory speech.

In other words, he said, a public institution cannot censor speech on a certain topic such as race or religion and it cannot censor viewpoints on that topic, even if they are hateful. Thats because hate speech, when it does not amount to a true threat or fighting words, is legally protected under the First Amendment.

There is no categorical exception to the First Amendment for hateful expression, said Adam Steinbaugh, a legal expert at the nonprofit Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE). So, when Nicholls State University witnessed what was happening at other institutions and issued an email to students stating, Free speech does not protect hate speech, FIRE intervened with a correction.

This is not an accurate statement of the law, but instead a roadmap to violating the well-established First Amendment. If followed, it will do nothing to meaningfully address racial harassment and misconduct. Instead, it will expose the university to needless civil liability, FIRE wrote in a letter to Dr. Jay Clune, Nicholls president.

But what if, as many students pointed out, a public university has an honor code that condemns derogatory or hateful speech? Would that trump the First Amendment?

No, unless its a private university, said Steinbaugh. At a public college, the First Amendment overrules the honor code.

At a public university, its student code of conduct has to comply with the First Amendment, Steinbaugh said. A public university could not require students to agree to give up their First Amendment rights as a condition of enrolling. So, if a public university has a code of conduct that purports to limit protected expression, it risks being sued.

Indeed, a host of schools have fallen into legal rabbit holes after firing or expelling a faculty member or student for controversial statements. And those students or faculty members have often had the support of civil liberties groups that are staunch defenders of the First Amendment.

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), for instance, has notoriously defended hateful speech from the likes of the Ku Klux Klan, arguing that protecting even the ugliest of speech protects all speech from censorship.

Still, public institutions arent completely powerless in the face of hate. With almost everything else in First Amendment law, and, for that matter, in all of law, there are exceptions, said Powell. And one of those exceptions involves the educational mission of a university.

The question for students is, Are they acting in ways that are consistent with or inconsistent with the community necessary for education? said Dr. Robert Post, Sterling Professor of Law and former dean at Yale Law School. We cant have students learn if they treat each other in certain ways. And so, if one student is harassing another, they get to be expelled because they are stopping the institutions educational commitment.

For that reason, misogynistic or racist slurs thrown in the classroom can be construed as educational interference, or even a Title IX violation, and lose First Amendment protection.

For instance, for both Powell and Post, one word, if hurled in a classroom, is an immediate disruption to learning: the N-word.

I dont think there is any place in any university setting for it, said Powell. There are some professors who think, For educational purposes, I need to say it in order to draw anti-racist points, but I think theyre wrong. The word is too destructive of anyones ability to think about things. And when it comes out of an older, White persons mouth, its too reminiscent of its [past use].

Things become complicated, however, when those racial slurs are hurled off campus or outside the classroom. As a general rule, Post said, the closer an incident gets to campus, the more likely it will affect other students and the educational mission of the university.

But because so many variables can change the dynamic of a situation, experts agreed incidents must be investigated on a case-by-case basis.

One of the things that a university administrator, who is trying to do her job right, faces is [that] on the one hand, she needs to be respectful of the First Amendment, and on the other hand, I think shes fully entitled to make the university a place of education where people learn, for example, that you cant just walk up to somebody and say hateful things to them, said Powell.

In the case of the Penn State student who displayed a swastika on her shoulder, Powell said the university must decide whether she did something so serious as to not allow the institution to function as an institution of education or whether she made a stupid, insensitive mistake. After all, he added, people, including people a lot older than Penn State undergraduate students, do stupid things and make mistakes. And so, theres a matter of judgement about what you should do.

For faculty who are protected by academic freedom rights, however, things are a bit different. Thats because, Post explained, academic freedom doesnt necessarily entail the equality of ideas but the freedom to engage in professionally competent teaching and research.

In other words, faculty must demonstrate competence and relevance to do their job. So, if a controversial post indicates incompetence in ones field such as a history professor denying the Holocaust on social media then thats potential grounds for firing or discipline, he said.

However, if that Holocaust denier is an accounting professor who satisfactorily teaches that subject, Powell said its a different story. That means, in the case of UNCWs Adams, the university would have to find substantial evidence that his controversial viewpoints on Twitter interfere with his competence as a criminology professor.

Post added that the necessity to show competence can extend in some ways to students, too. If a student writes about the merits of eugenics in a biology paper, the professor is entitled to grade them accordingly. And in some cases, especially for students entering health fields, a student could be removed from a certain academic program if they show incompetence in that program.

Thats what happened to nursing student Craig Keefe in 2016 at the public Central Lakes College. After Keefe made multiple, offensive posts on Facebook, college administrators removed him from the Associate Degree in Nursing program for behavior unbecoming of the Nursing Profession and transgression of professional boundaries.

When he sued citing First Amendment violations, the Eight U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals backed college officials. Given the strong state interest in regulating health professions, teaching and enforcing viewpoint-neutral professional codes of ethics are a legitimate part of a professional schools curriculum that do not, at least on their face, run afoul of the First Amendment, wrote the court.

So, in the absence of legal recourse, professors and university officials do have some say in directing their students toward thoughtful, civic ideas, said Post.

The purpose of universities is to teach students how to discriminate between better and worse ideas, as well as to determine what we know on the basis of our best possible ideas. No university, public or private, could perform its mission were it not permitted to evaluate the merit of ideas, wrote Post in an editorial for Vox in 2017, in which he argued the First Amendment is often too narrowly defined in university settings.

For Powell and Steinbaugh, the best way to counteract hateful or repugnant speech is to counteract it with more speech.

The First Amendment doesnt mean that universities are powerless and cant respond at all, said Steinbaugh. Universities and their administrators have their own First Amendment rights, which they can use to criticize or condemn speech they find offensive. They can use instances of controversy to be effective, meaningful learning opportunities for the broader community.

Students, too, have the power to fight hate speech with more speech. And thats what theyve been doing on social media by circulating screenshots of questionable comments, denouncing racism when they see it and creating petitions. For many students, this call-out culture can feel like a form of justice.

In addition to fighting speech with more speech, the ACLU stresses the importance of building diversity within a universitys community, too, and creating forums and workshops that raise awareness and promote dialogue on issues of race, religion, sex and gender.

Silencing a bigot accomplishes nothing except turning them into a martyr for the principle of free expression, the ACLU writes. The better approach, and the one more consistent with our constitutional tradition, is to respond to ideas we hate with the ideals we cherish.

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