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Monthly Archives: March 2020
The history of technology is about to change radically. India must seize the moment. – YourStory
Posted: March 28, 2020 at 1:46 pm
There are no atheists in foxholes, and there appear to be no capitalists in a global pandemic either. The head of Honeywells billion-dollar GoDirect Trade platform, which uses a permission-based blockchain to buy and sell aviation parts, declared on March 20 that American corporations had a walled-garden approach to data. They need to start sharing data, a huge paradigm shift, said Lisa Butters. Only a couple of weeks ago, Honeywell had been defending the virtues of a permission-based system, saying enterprises needed some constraints to operate in.
What a difference a few days can make.
Historically, the aviation industry has been one of the most secretive among Big Tech sectors, with its evolution tied intimately to the Second World War, and the US-Soviet Cold War rivalry that followed soon after. Concerns around Chinas theft of aerospace IP was among the foremost drivers behind the Obama administrations negotiation of the 2015 agreement with China to prohibit economic espionage.
It is the ultimate winner-takes-all market but Boeing, its lynchpin, has now approached the US government for an existential bailout. Honeywells call for a paradigm shift is proof that the sector is not thinking in just hand-to-mouth terms. The aviation sector may get a lifeline for now, but as an industry forged by a global war, it knows more than most that a transformational moment for technology is upon it, which needs to be seized.
As the economist Branko Milanovi has highlighted, the correct metaphor for the Covid-19 pandemic and ensuing crisis is not the Great Recession of 2008, but the Second World War. To win WWII, and retain its military superiority, the United States pioneered technology complexes that placed innovation at the trifecta of university lab, government, and market. (The blueprint for this model was drawn up in 1945 by Vannevar Bush, founder of Raytheon and director of the Office for Scientific Research and Development, and presented to the US government. The document was titled, Science: The Endless Frontier.) This was by no means a Western endeavour alone. Several countries, including India, followed suit, trying to perfect a model of organised science.
In India, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was the totem for this effort, and created a centralised network of national labs. The primary difference between Western models and ones in developing countries like India was the role of the state. In the US, the state retained regulatory agency over the process of technological innovation, but gradually ceded into the background as the Boeings, Westinghouses, GEs, Lockheed Martins, and IBMs took over. In India, the state became both the regulator and purveyor of technology.
Indias attempts to create national champions in frontier technologies (think Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd, Electronics Corporation of India Ltd., Defence Research and Development Organisation, etc) failed because the state could not nimbly manufacture them at scale. Even as India pursued moonshots, those businesses in the United States that were incubated or came of age during the Second World War, began to occupy pole positions in their respective technology markets.
Once those markets matured, it made little sense for America to continue creating organised technology complexes, although research collaborations between universities and the federal government continued through the National Science Foundation. The banyan-isation of the internet and Silicon Valley both seeded by generous assistance from the US Department of Defence into a market dominated by the FAANG companies affirms this shift.
The United States has often sought to repurpose private technologies as public utilities at key moments in its history. Communications technology was built and moulded into a public good by the American state. It was US law that enabled patent pooling by Bell Labs in the 19th century, leading to the creation of a great new corporate power in telephony. A few decades into the 20th century, American laws decreed telephone companies would be common carriers, to prevent price and service discrimination by AT&T.
Meanwhile, both railroads and telecommunications providers were recognised as interstate services, subject to federal regulation. This classification allowed the US government to shape the terms under which these technologies grew. It is precisely this template that Trump has now applied to tele-health technology in the US. Tele-medicine services could not previously be offered across state lines in the US, but the US government used its emergency powers last week to dissolve those boundaries.
And on March 18, President Trump invoked the Defence Production Act, a legislation adopted during the Korean War and occasionally invoked by American presidents, that would help him commandeer private production of nearly everything from essential commodities to cutting-edge technologies.
Invoking the law is one thing, executing it is another. Rather than strong-arming businesses, the Trump administration is now trying to bring together private actors to create multiple playgrounds with an underlying public interest. The Coronavirus Task Force was the first of its kind. The Task Force brought together Walmart, Google, CVS, Target, Walgreens, LabCorp and Roche, among others to perform singular responsibilities aimed at tackling the coronavirus pandemic. Walmart would open its parking lots for testing, Google would create a self-testing platform online, Roche would develop kits, LabCorp would perform high-throughput testing, and so on.
The COVID-19 High-Performance Computing Consortium, created on March 23, is another such playground. It includes traditional, 20th century actors such as the national laboratories but is doubtless front-ended by Microsoft, IBM, Amazon and Google Cloud. The Consortium aims to use its high computational capacity to create rapid breakthroughs in vaccine development. Proposals have been given an outer limit of three months to deliver.
In some respects, the United States is turning to an approach that India has advanced. To be sure, we may not currently be in a position to develop such a playground for vaccine R&D and testing at scale. But India is well-positioned to create the digital playgrounds that can help manage the devastating economic consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic.
There is universal acknowledgement that Indias social safety nets need to be strengthened to mitigate the fallout. One analyst recommends a direct cash transfer of 3,000 a month, for six months, to the 12 crore, bottom half of all Indian households. This will cost nearly 2.2-lakh crore and reach 60 crore beneficiaries, covering agricultural labourers, farmers, daily wage earners, informal sector workers and others. The same estimate suggests a budget of 1.5- lakh crore for testing and treating at least 20 crore Indians through the private sector.
The digital public goods India has created Aadhaar, UPI and eKYC offer the public infrastructure upon which these targeted transfers can be made. However, cash transfers alone will not be enough: lending has to be amplified in the months to come to kickstart small and medium businesses that would have been ravaged after weeks of lockdown. Indias enervated banking sector will have meagre resources, and neither enthusiasm or infrastructure to offer unsecured loans at scale.
Playgrounds offers private actors to realign their businesses towards a public goal, and for other new ones to come up. Take the example of Target, which is an unusual addition to the Coronavirus Task Force, but one whose infrastructure and network makes it a valuable societal player. Or Amazon Web Services in the High-Performance Computing Consortium, which has been roped in for a task that is seemingly unrelated to the overall goal of vaccine development.
In the Indian scenario, a lending playground would have UPI players, account aggregators, lending service providers, technology providers and underwriter modellers, among others. Of course, it will also feature traditional interlocutors like lenders and credit bureaus, but they are the only actors who exist in this framework today! The rest of the playground is waiting to be built, but there is no need for a paradigm shift as Honeywell has sought in the US, because these digital playgrounds are not winner-take-all markets.
Account aggregators are cast as fiduciaries in India, empowered by the user to share data with other actors in the playground. The Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA) of India Stack animates the Cash Flow-based Lending playground as well. Those who bring the players to the market by tethering them to the underlying digital infrastructure should be treated as public utilities, and their profits capped. If a Target can be part of a Coronavirus Task Force, why cant a Swiggy be a Lending Service Provider, offering low-value, short-term loans?
If digital playgrounds are so obvious a solution, why has India not embraced it sooner? None of this is to discount the deficit of trust between startup founders and the public sector in India. Founders are reluctant to use public infrastructure. It is the proverbial Damocless sword: a platform or business association with the public sector brings it instant legitimacy before consumers who still place a great deal of trust in the state.
On the other hand, reliance on, or utilisation of public infrastructure brings with it added responsibilities that are unpredictable and politically volatile. To illustrate, one need only look at the eleventh-hour crisis of migrating UPI handles from YES Bank in the light of a moratorium imposed on it earlier this month. On the other hand, the government retains a strong belief that the private sector is simply incapable of providing scalable solutions. In most markets where the India government is both player and regulator, this may seem a chicken-and-egg problem, but cest la vie.
Nevertheless, there are milestones in history where seemingly insurmountable differences dissolve to reveal a convergence of goals. India is at one such moment. A leading American scientist and university administrator has called the pandemic a Dunkirk moment for his country, requiring civic action to step up and help. By sheer chance and fortitude, Indias digital platforms are poised to play exactly the role that small British fishing boats played in rescuing stranded countrymen on the frontline of a great war: they must re-imagine their roles as digital platforms, and align themselves to strengthen the Indian economy in the weeks to come.
(Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of YourStory.)
How has the coronavirus outbreak disrupted your life? And how are you dealing with it? Write to us or send us a video with subject line 'Coronavirus Disruption' to editorial@yourstory.com
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Dell Technologies World 2020 Rescheduled To This Fall – CRN: Technology news for channel partners and solution providers
Posted: at 1:46 pm
Dell Technologies World 2020, which was changed to a virtual event due to the coronavirus pandemic, will move from May to October in order to focus on helping customers in this time of need.
Three weeks ago, with the information we had at the time, we made the decision to take Dell Technologies World virtual. Much has changed in those three weeks, said the company in a blog post on Friday. And its clear to us that we need to stay focused on supporting our customers and partners with their most immediate needs.
The $92 billion Round Rock, Texas- based infrastructure giants flagship virtual event will be held in October, although a specific date has yet to disclosed. Dell Technologies said customers and partners should still expect news from the company to be released over the coming weeks and months.
[Related: Dell Donates Millions To Fight Coronavirus: We Are All In This Together]
Our innovation engine, portfolio development and services capabilities will press on to ensure we meet those needs, said Dell. Our top priority, in addition to the health and safety of our team members and communities, is to ensure we meet customers needs in this moment.
Dell Technologies World 2020 was initially scheduled to take place in Las Vegas from May 4 to7 but shifted to a virtual event due to the coronavirus outbreak that is having a dramatic impact across the IT world.
In terms of the virtual Dell Technologies World event in October, all registrants will automatically be registered for the virtual experience at no charge. However, registrants also can choose to roll over their conference pass to Dell Technologies World 2021 or request a full refund.
In an interview with CRN this month, founder and CEO Michael Dell said it is the first time in the companys history that Dell Technologies World will be a virtual event.
The show must go on, said Dell. What we do know from internal events that we move from physical to virtualand weve learned a lot about that just in the last few weekswell make it incredibly compelling and engaging.
In addition, this week Dell Technologies and VMware withdrew their initial fiscal year 2021 guidance because both are unable to predict the extent of the coronavirus that could adversely impact business.
Dell Technologies is providing millions of dollars to fight the coronavirus on several fronts including donating IT infrastructure valued at more than $850,000 to the Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China to help upgrade its technology to enable the center to respond to the epidemic more effectively. Dell Technologies has also set aside $3 million in funds and technology to help meet the greatest needs of our communities and front-line organizations working to treat and contain coronavirus across the globe.
We must protect each other and especially our most vulnerableour elderly and those with underlying conditions, said Michael Dell. At the same time, we are managing the impact on our own business and supply chain operations, so we can take care of you. Whether enabling a remote workforce, ensuring business continuity, powering the technology for infectious disease prevention and control, or providing simple, human advice, support and friendshipwe are here to help.
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Office Movers Now Come Strapped With Tracking Technologies – Bisnow
Posted: at 1:46 pm
Moving is among the most stressful of life events, and that goes double for moving offices. In a survey,more than three-quarters of leaders of small and midsized businesses said they found the idea of moving offices so stressful that they have been delaying the process, 78% of managers said they prefer staying in a cramped space to avoid the hassle.
Jim Durfee knows that many people believe that the office moving process is invasive, disruptive and time-consuming, but he also believes he has a solution: technology.
One of the greatest fears in life is the fear of the unknown, and that is especially true during moves, said Durfee, who is vice president and general manager at Office Movers Express, styled as OMX. Were using newly developed technology to stay connected to our clients and remove that fear, they always know where we are, what were doing and where their items are at all times."
Durfee and his team at OMX have been using technologies like tablets, GPS and tracking software to make the moving process more efficient and give clients peace of mind. Bisnow recently sat down with him to learn more about how OMX plans to take the stress out of one of the most infamously stressful parts of life.
Bisnow: How have office moves changed?
Jim Durfee:Office moves used to be a big deal in terms of volume, furniture and general 'stuff.' To move an office was a huge undertaking requiring vast resources of labor and time. But that world has changed, and the modern office is more efficient. The main focus is on technology and keeping it safe, both the equipment and the information stored inside of it.
Bisnow: How are you using technology to change how you move offices?
Durfee: In both small and large ways. Take note-taking, for example. A mover 10 years ago might have just written down that one conference room had five tables, but we have higher-touch service. We record it on our tablets and take pictures to corroborate the number and keep track of the conditions of the tables.
We also track everything on tablets on the day of the move, from when the crew arrives, to when they left, to what they charged, so everything remains transparent and at the clients fingertips.
Bisnow: How do you use technology to keep clients' items safe throughout the move?
Durfee:The first step is taking an inventory using a portable, handheld device, which is faster and more accurate than previous methods. We are able to capture images, assess volume and organize the process in a manner that helps develop a sensible and logical move plan. When the move actually occurs, additional technology allows us to identify and tag key items and assure they receive special attention or priority status. We can include critical information to identify information such as value, function, departmental assignment and final placement.
For highly sensitive items, we have access to digital locators that allow us to track them from origin to destination. A client could be sitting on the beach viewing the item on their cellphone as it exits its current space and arrives in the new office. All of this helps us maintain the chain of custody, tightly control the relocation process and assure a positive experience.
Bisnow: What are the benefits of working with a mover who only handles commercial moves?
Durfee: It all comes down to business continuity. When youre moving a household, you usually have a large window of time to complete the move. Office moves need to happen as seamlessly as possible so that a business only experiences minimal downtime.
Another major difference is the handling of technology. While a household may have a few laptops and one computer, offices have whole server rooms that need to be handled carefully. Office movers are specifically trained to handle the types of materials you only find in a business environment, like large pieces of technology that carry sensitive information.
Bisnow: What are some preparations you wish more company owners would make before a move?
Durfee: I wish they would do a little extra homework to find out what they can expect. People can contact us in advance and we can offer them a budget figure and tips for how to go about preparing for the day. Company owners should also contact building management to learn what they can do to help, and also ask their movers if they have any experience with their new building and can offer any strategic moving advice ahead of time.
As it gets closer to the moving day, things tend to change. Often, these changes are not communicated to movers until the day arrives, which can lead to delays, so I always recommend that people err on the side of over-communicating with their movers and providing them with every last detail.
This feature was produced in collaboration between the Bisnow Branded Content Studio and Office Movers Express. Bisnow news staff was not involved in the production of this content.
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Banks are stepping up technology recruitment despite the virus – eFinancialCareers
Posted: at 1:46 pm
It's now over two weeks since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Financial services hiring has slowed, but there are still windows of recruitment activity. Technology is one of them.
Two weeks ago, there was little indication that the virus had reduced banks' appetite to hire. - Figures fromThinknum Alternative Datashow that Citi, Goldman and Morgan Stanley posted more U.S. jobs overall on the average day between March 1st and 13th 2020 than on the average day in all of March 2019. The same held for Morgan Stanley, Goldman and Citi in the UK.
In the past week, however, things have slowed. Anecdotally recruiters say there's less recruitment, particularly in the front office."The only hiring that's happening is the stuff that was approved before the lockdown," says one fixed income recruiter. "- Everything else has been iced." In technology, though, it's a different story: tech recruiters are bullish.
Ahsan Iqbal, director of technology at recruitment firm RobertWalters in London, says banks' tech recruitment dropped off initially this month, but has since crept backagain. "We're not seeing increased demand from finance clients for people in software development, security, devops, cloud, and digital platforms," saysIqbal. "There was a pause, but now hiringis back."
Adam Francis at recruitment firm Experis in London agrees: "In financial markets technologyhiring terms, the software engineering market seems to be extremely resilient so far," he says.
If technology recruitment remains comparatively robust, recruiters say it's because the nature of many roles in the space makes it easier to interview and to onboard people remotely.
"Previously an experienced software engineering interview may have consisted of 1) a telephone interview b) an online code exercise or techncial test and c) in-person interviews. The only change now is that remote video-conference-based interviewing has taken the place of in-person interviews," says Francis. If anything, the fact that management and staff are now based at home has freed-up spacefor hiring, he adds: "There's much more quiet and undisturbed time in which to plan and execute interviews and make offers."
Iqbal confirms this. "Being out of the office doesn't seem to have made much difference - companies are simply interviewing and onboarding via Zoom or Skype and posting out the kit to candidates at home so that they can start work." One finance client has made 10-15 technology hires in the past few weeks, he added.
Not everyone is as bullish. At JPMorgan, new joinershave been delayed (on full pay) for at least a month. One technologist at the banksaid they're still interviewing both internally and externally but that it may be hard to get actual offers over the line. At Goldman Sachs, technology jobs now accountfor 40% of the total live on the bank's website - down from 44% last time we looked in January.
If lockdowns become the temporary new normal, this may change. Francis says technology recruitment could increase further still in the coming months: "Cyber Security and IT risk and audit recruitment arelikely to surge in demand given the additional risks involved with having a 100% remotely-based workforce, as well as with a notable increase in COVID-19 specific scamming by fraudsters," he suggests.
Have a confidential story, tip, or comment youd like to share? Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com in the first instance. Whatsapp/Signal/Telegram also available. Bear with us if you leave a comment at the bottom of this article: all our comments are moderated by human beings. Sometimes these humans might be asleep, or away from their desks, so it may take a while for your comment to appear. Eventually it will unless its offensive or libelous (in which case it wont.)
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Local organization hoping technology will offer answers to coronavirus pandemic – KSNT News
Posted: at 1:46 pm
TOPEKA, Kan. (KSNT) A local organization wants to help save lives during the coronavirus pandemic.
The Greater Topeka Partnership is collaborating with Plug and Play, a tech company based in Silicon Valley.
Theyre looking for startups that may have the technology to help communities across the world during this crisis.
Katrin Bridges, a representative for GTP, said that technology has the potential to help get needed medical equipment and help speed up testing for people who cant go to a hospital.
There are ways and technology where you can use your cell phone and those are being developed to actually get a first screening of risk factors that you have, Bridges said.
If you are a business, innovator, or entrepreneur who would like to contact the Greater Topeka Partnership, click here.
If you have an existing technology that is ready to scale, apply here.
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Probation officers use technology to stay connected with people – WSAZ-TV
Posted: at 1:46 pm
PORTSMOUTH, Ohio (WSAZ) -- Officials in Scioto County have worked for years to help their community heal from the effects of the opioid crisis.
"We're able to get them off the drugs but also instill some employment in them and totally turn their life around," said Shawn Davis, Chief Probation Officer.
Probation and Drug Court programs serve about 1,200 people in the county.
Concerns over COVID-19 have shut courthouse doors temporarily for most legal proceedings.
Six officers are now working from home, tasked with managing their cases through a computer system called OCSS.
The program allows officers to virtually connect with people.
"They're nervous they're anxious about what's going on," said Davis. "Once we make contact with them, we seem to be able to calm them down. They see now there's a way through this program they can communicate with us."
The system was launched March 1st. People on probation can now self-report, video chat and text.
Two counselors are also available for guidance during an anxious time for many.
"This week we put a couple of people in in-house rehab," said Davis. "There's still a couple here still accepting people from us. That we're able to get them that help that they need."
The department is still able to handle emergency situations. They're hoping the community will also do their part and reach out with any concerns so they can intervene.
"That is a concern," said Davis. "Luckily through technology, we're able to do some. we're not able to do everything that we want to do. We're afraid that we're going to lose some. We just hope that before those people cross that bridge that they'll reach out to us and allow us an opportunity to help them."
Scioto County Drug Court is expected to host its first virtual meeting in early April.
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It’s a bad idea for journalists to censor Trump instead, they can help the public identify what’s true or false – The Baytown Sun
Posted: at 1:43 pm
(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.)
David Cuillier, University of Arizona
(THE CONVERSATION) In times of mortal strife, humans crave information more than ever, and its journalists responsibility to deliver it.
But what if that information is inaccurate, or could even kill people?
Thats the quandary journalists have found themselves in as they decide whether to cover President Donald J. Trumps press briefings live.
Some television networks have started cutting away from the briefings, saying the events are no more than campaign rallies, and that the president is spreading falsehoods that endanger the public.
If Trump is going to keep lying like he has been every day on stuff this important, we should, all of us, stop broadcasting it, MSNBCs Rachel Maddow tweeted. Honestly, its going to cost lives.
News decisions and ethical dilemmas arent simple, but withholding information from the public is inconsistent with journalistic norms, and while well-meaning, could actually cause more harm than good in the long run. Keeping the presidents statements from the public prevents the public from being able to evaluate his performance, for example.
Truth and falsehood can fight it out
The Society of Professional Journalists code of ethics, updated in 2014 during my term as president, states that the press must seek truth and report it, while also minimizing harm.
When the president of the United States speaks, it matters it is newsworthy, its history in the making. Relaying that event to the public as it plays out is critical for citizens, who can see and hear for themselves what their leader is saying, and evaluate the facts for themselves so that they may adequately self-govern.
Thats true even if leaders lie. Actually, its even more important when leaders lie.
Think of libertarian philosopher John Miltons plea for the free flow of information and end of censorship in 1600s England. Put it all out there and let people sort the lies from the truth, Milton urged: Let her and Falsehood grapple.
If a president spreads lies and disinformation, or minimizes health risks, then the electorate needs to know that to make informed decisions at the polls, perhaps to vote the person out to prevent future missteps.
Likewise, theres a chance the president could be correct in his representation of at least some of the facts.
Its not up to journalists to decide, but simply report what is said while providing additional context and facts that may or may not support what the president said.
Maddow is correct that journalists should not simply parrot information spoon fed by those in power to readers and viewers who might struggle to make sense of it in a vacuum. That is why its imperative journalists continuously challenge false and misleading statements, and trust the public to figure it out.
Craving information
Those who would urge the medias censorship of the presidents speeches may feel they are protecting citizens from being duped, because they believe the average person cant distinguish fact from fiction. Communication scholars call this third-person effect, where we feel ourselves savvy enough to identify lies, but think other more vulnerable, gullible and impressionable minds cannot.
It is understandable why journalists would try to protect the public from lies. Thats the minimizing harm part in the SPJ code of ethics, which is critical in these times, when inaccurate information can put a persons health at risk or cause them to make a fatal decision.
So how do journalists report the days events while minimizing harm and tamping down the spread of disinformation? Perhaps this can be accomplished through techniques already in use during this unorthodox presidential period:
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Report the press briefings live for all to see, while providing live commentary and fact-checking, as PolitiFact and others have done for live presidential debates.
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Fact-check the president after his talks, through contextual stories that provide the public accurate information, in the media and through websites such as FactCheck.org.
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Call intentional mistruths what they are: Lies. With this administration, journalists have become more willing to call intentional falsehoods lies, and that needs to continue, if not even more bluntly.
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Develop a deep list of independent experts that can be on hand to counter misinformation as it is communicated.
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Report transparently and openly, clearly identifying sources, providing supplemental documents online, and acknowledging limitations of information.
The coronavirus pandemic is a critical time for the nations health and its democracy. Now, more than ever, we need information. As humans, we crave knowing what is going on around us, a basic awareness instinct, as termed by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel in their foundational book, The Elements of Journalism.
People arent dummies
Sometimes people dont even realize they need information until after they have lost it.
In his autobiography, the late Sen. John McCain wrote that upon his release after five years as a Vietnamese prisoner of war, the first thing he did when he got to a Philippines military base was order a steak dinner and stack of newspapers.
I wanted to know what was going on in the world, and I grasped anything I could find that might offer a little enlightenment, McCain wrote. The thing I missed most was information free, uncensored, undistorted, abundant information.
People arent dummies. They can decipher good information from bad, as long as they have all the facts at their disposal.
And journalists are the ones best positioned to deliver it.
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This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article here: https://theconversation.com/its-a-bad-idea-for-journalists-to-censor-trump-instead-they-can-help-the-public-identify-whats-true-or-false-134962.
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It's a bad idea for journalists to censor Trump instead, they can help the public identify what's true or false - The Baytown Sun
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IDF denies cover-up attempt in censoring news of F-16s damaged in flood – The Times of Israel
Posted: at 1:43 pm
The Israel Defense Forces on Wednesday acknowledged it had made a mistake in censoring the fact that several F-16 fighter jets were damaged due to flooding during a rainstorm earlier this year, but said this not was an effort to cover-up the incident.
This determination was made as part of an investigation into the flooding, which was completed this week and presented to IDF Chief of Staff Aviv Kohavi.
The chief of staff stressed that the investigation found that from the start of the flooding incident and throughout it, there was no intention to hide it from the public. The opposite is true there was a clear intention to publicize it. At the same time, mistakes were made in how it was handled, the military said in a statement.
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On January 9, a strong storm pummeled Israel, which flooded a stream near the Hatzor Air Base near Ashdod, sending huge amounts of rainwater into the underground hangars where a number of F-16 fighter jets were being stored, damaging eight of them. The repairs from the flooding were estimated to cost NIS 30 million ($8.7 million).
A military truck evacuates Israeli citizens through a flooded road in the northern Israeli city of Nahariya, on a stormy winter day, on January 8, 2020. (Meir Vaknin/Flash90)
The investigation presented to Kohavi this week confirmed the findings of the militarys initial probe: commanders at the base failed to sufficiently prepare for the inclement weather, which led to the flooding of the hangars.
The probe released on Wednesday also addressed a secondary aspect of the incident: the decision to censor the matter, which was seen as an attempt to cover up an embarrassing, costly mistake.
The military determined that the Israeli Air Force and Military Censor had been correct in barring publication on the matter for the first few hours of the incident, but that this ban should have ended far more quickly than it did.
The chief of staff determined that the Air Forces request of the Military Censor to delay publication of the event from Thursday, January 9, to Friday, January 10, was correct. However, by Friday, January 10, [the Air Force] could have informed the Military Censor that the information could be published. The failure to notify the censor was a mistake by the Air Force, the IDF said.
An F-16 fighter jet that was damaged by flooding during a rainstorm in January is seen in its hangar after it returned to service in this undated photograph released on February 3, 2020. (Israel Defense Forces)
The military said it had planned to inform the public of the incident on January 12, but this wasnt carried out because of an internal error in the Air Force.
News of the incident was eventually reported later that day, following multiple requests for permission by journalists.
IDF Chief of Staff Aviv Kohavi addresses a group of Kfir Brigade soldiers stationed at the Gaza border on January 22, 2020. (Israel Defense Forces)
The chief of staff summarized the matter by saying that the IDF is a glass house that the public can watch what happens inside and that it is expected of those who serve in it and of the organization in general to display high standards and moral, professional and honest behavior, the IDF said.
The military did not indicate that the chief of staff would take any disciplinary action against the officers involved in the unnecessary censorship.
In January, Israeli Air Force chief Amikam Norkin censured three officers for failing to properly prepare for the flood.
The commander of the F-16 squadron, the maintenance squadron commander and the aviation squadron commander all received official reprimands.
The officers were found to have incorrectly assessed the force of the incoming rainstorm, which dropped some 50 million liters (13 million gallons) of water onto the area around the base in the span of half an hour and caused a nearby stream to overflow.
As a result of this flawed evaluation, they did not evacuate the underground hangars in time or take other steps necessary to prevent the flooding, the investigation found.
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Mining the SARS-CoV-2 Genome for Answers – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News
Posted: at 1:42 pm
Thirty thousand base pairs make up the (relatively tiny) SARS-CoV-2 genome. A singular genome holds limited information. But, by comparing multiple genomes from different patients, animals, places, or time periods, the DNAs information can be unlocked. From where the virus originated to how it spilled over from animals into humans, how quickly it mutates, and how those changes affect infectionsgenome comparisons may provide the answers.
The SARS-CoV-2 genome, initially reported on January 12, has been studied extensively in the last month, with the hope of uncovering useful information about COVID-19. Indeed, the U.K. has established a massive collaboration to sequence as many COVID-19 cases as possible. Some researchers, such as Trevor Bedford, PhD, associate member at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and an affiliate associate professor in the department of genome sciences and the department of epidemiology at the University of Washington, analyze viral genomes from the pandemic in real time, as the data materialize. These data and analyses are available on the open-source platform Nextstrain, co-developed by Bedford.
In the last month, Bedford has been able to form early hypotheses regarding the virus. One, according to his tweets on March 24, offered information regarding how SARS-CoV-2 mutates and what that might mean for COVID-19 vaccination and immunity. In the thread, Bedford predicts that it will take the virus a few years to mutate enough to significantly hinder a vaccine. He goes on to suggest that we should see occasional mutations to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that allow the virus to partially escape from vaccines or existing herd immunity, but that this process will most likely take years rather than months.
A looming question of the COVID-19 pandemic remains unsolved. That is, how did the virus spillover into humans?
A paper published recently in Nature (originally published in the preprint server bioRxiv on February 18) sought to answer this question. The focus of the paper, Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins, was to analyze the genomes of coronaviruses found in pangolins, and draw conclusions from the data.
Their results: more work needs to be done.
The COVID-19 outbreak has been tentatively associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China, where, the authors write, the sale of wild animals may be the source of zoonotic infection. Based on genomic data, bats have been suggested as the likely reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2. But, it remains unknown if the virus went from bats to humans, or if an intermediate host facilitated the spillover.
The researchers found that, indeed, Malayan pangolinsintercepted from a smuggling operation in southern Chinadid have SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses. The authors noted that, Metagenomic sequencing identified pangolin-associated coronaviruses that belong to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity to SARS-CoV-2 in the receptor-binding domain.
The authors concluded that this multiple lineage finding of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of novel coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission.
The role that pangolins play in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear, noted Edward Holmes, PhD, professor at the University of Sydney, Australia and an adjunct professor, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. However, he added, It is striking is that the pangolin viruses contain some genomic regions that are very closely related to the human virus. The most important of these is the receptor-binding domain that dictates how the virus is able to attach and infect human cells.
It is clear that wildlife contains many coronaviruses that could potentially emerge in humans in the future, noted Holmes. A crucial lesson from this pandemic, he continued, to help prevent the next one is that humans must reduce their exposure to wildlife, for example by banning wet markets and the trade in wildlife.
Last week, Nature Medicine published a Correspondence, The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2, which Holmes co-authored, working with scientists from the department of immunology and microbiology at The Scripps Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Columbia University, and Tulane University.
The research, using comparative analysis of genomic data, both proved that SARS-CoV-2 evolved naturally, and disproved the idea that it is a manufactured biological agent.
There is simply no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 came out of a lab, Holmes said.
In doing this work, the group looked closely at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein that SARS-CoV-2 uses to bind to cell surface receptors and gain entry into human host cells to help shape their spillover hypotheses. The authors noted that, although the RaTG13 bat virus remains the closest to SARS-CoV-2 across the genome, some pangolin coronaviruses exhibit strong similarity to SARS-CoV-2 in the RBD of the spike protein, including all six key RBD residues. This finding, they concluded, shows that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein optimized for binding to human-like ACE2 is the result of natural selection.
The genomes of SARS-CoV-2 holds many answers to the questions scientists are searching for at a feverish pace. It is clear that understanding the evolutionary pathway by which this novel coronavirus has transferred to humans will help us not only combat the current pandemic but assist in identifying future threats from other coronaviruses and other species.
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More Hints of Order in the Genome – Discovery Institute
Posted: at 1:42 pm
Genomics has come a long way since the central dogma (the notion that DNA is the master controller that calls all the shots) and junk DNA (the expectation that much of the genome is non-functional). If scientists ditch those old dogmas and approach the genome expecting to find reasons for things, they often do.
To-may-to or to-mah-to? The British write flavour; the Americans write flavor, but generally each understands the other without too much difficulty. Genomes, too, have alternate ways of spelling things: GGU and GGC in messenger RNA both spell glycine. No big deal, thought geneticists; these silent mutations cause no change in the resulting protein. At the University of Notre Dame, however, biochemists are finding that the differences in spelling are not just background noise; they alter the proteins folding. Is that good or bad?
Synonymous mutations were long considered to be genomic background noise, but we found they do indeed lead to altered protein folding, and in turn impair cell function, said Patricia Clark, the Rev. John Cardinal OHara professor of biochemistry at the University of Notre Dame, and lead author of the study. Our results show that synonymous variations in our DNA sequences which account for most of our genetic variation can have a significant impact on shaping the fitness level of cellular proteins.
Surely many of these mutations are harmful, as are random mutations in humans that cause genetic disease. But E. coli has been around for a long time. Wouldnt the species have gone extinct by now with the accumulation of defective spellings if they are always deleterious? Other work has suggested a secret code in synonymous variations that fine-tunes expression rates or regulates the supply of a given protein based on environmental conditions. The news release only mentions impairments caused by synonymous variations, but Notre Dame teams paper in PNAS suggests some possible advantages:
Synonymous codon substitutions alter the mRNA coding sequence but preserve the encoded amino acid sequence. For this reason, these substitutions were historically considered to be phenotypically silent and often disregarded in studies of human genetic variation. In recent years, however, it has become clear that synonymous substitutions can significantly alter protein function in vivo through a wide variety of mechanisms that can change protein level, translational accuracy, secretion efficiency, the final folded structure and posttranslational modifications. The full range of synonymous codon effects on protein production is, however, still emerging, and much remains to be learned regarding the precise mechanisms that regulate these effects. [Emphasis added.]
A design perspective would consider every possible function before rendering a judgment that all synonymous variations reduce fitness.
Keeping the genome accurate to a high degree preserves it from collapsing due to error catastrophe. At the time of cell division, proofreading enzymes (what a concept!) perform this vital function. Chelsea R. Bulock et al., writing in PNAS, have found one duplication enzyme that proofreads itself while proofreading its partner! DNA polymerase proofreads errors made by DNA polymerase , the paper is titled.
Pol and Pol are the two major replicative polymerases in eukaryotes, but their precise roles at the replication fork remain a subject of debate. A bulk of data supports a model where Pol and Pol synthesize leading and lagging DNA strands, respectively. However, this model has been difficult to reconcile with the fact that mutations in Pol have much stronger consequences for genome stability than equivalent mutations in Pol. We provide direct evidence for a long-entertained idea that Pol can proofread errors made by Pol in addition to its own errors, thus, making a more prominent contribution to mutation avoidance. This paper provides an essential advance in the understanding of the mechanism of eukaryotic DNA replication.
In other words, Pol is a proofreader of a proofreader. The paper says that Pol is a versatile extrinsic proofreading enzyme. One could think of it as a supervisor checking the work of a subordinate, or better yet, as an auditor or inspector able to fix errors before they cause harm to the product. Why would this be necessary during replication? The authors see a seniority system:
Thus, the high efficiency of Pol at correcting errors made by Pol may result from a combination of two factors: the high proclivity of Pol to yield to another polymerase and the greater flexibility and robustness of Pol when associating with new primer termini.
One proofreader is amazing to consider evolving by a Darwinian mechanism. A proofreader of a proofreader is astonishing. Consider, too, that this proofreading operation occurs in the dark by feel, automatically, without eyes to see.
Now that genetics is long past the heady days of finding that DNA forms a code that is translated, additional discoveries continue to show additional codes and factors that contribute to genomic function. One factor is the high-order structure of DNA. Researchers at South Koreas UNIST center have explored further into the formation of this structure, which involves chromatin wrapping around histone proteins so that long strands of DNA can fit within the compact space of the cell nucleus. As with everything else in genomics, the structure doesnt just happen. It requires a lot of help.
Regulation of histone proteins allows the DNA strands become more tightly or loosely coiled during the processes of DNA replication and gene expression. However, problems may arise when histones clump together or when DNA strands intertwine. Indeed, the misregulation of chromatin structures could result in aberrant gene expression and can ultimately lead to developmental disorders or cancers.
Histone chaperones are those proteins, responsible for adding and removing specific histones [found] at the wrong time and place during the DNA packaging process. Thus, they also play a key role in the assembly and disassembly of chromatin.
Cryo-EM imaging allowed the team to envision the molecular structure of some of these chaperone proteins. Their paper in Nature Communications begins, The fundamental unit of chromatin, the nucleosome, is an intricate structure that requires histone chaperones for assembly. Their cryo-EM images of one particular chaperone named Abo1 reveals a six-fold symmetry with precise locations for docking to histones, its hexameric ring thus creating a unique pocket where histones could bind with energy from ATP. Not only is Abo1 distinct as a histone chaperone, they write, but Abo1 is also unique compared to other canonical AAA+protein structures. Like Lego blocks, Abo1 features tight knob-and-hole packing of individual subunits plus linkers and other binding sites, such as for ATP. And unlike static blocks, these blocks undergo conformational changes as they work.
Such sophistication is far beyond the old picture of DNA as a master molecule directing all the work. It couldnt work without the help of many precision machines like this.
These stories are mere samples from a vast and growing literature indicating higher order in the genome than expected. Here are some more samples readers may wish to investigate:
Researchers at the University of Seville found additional factors involved in the repair of DNA strand breaks. These repairs are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. The factors they discovered help maintain the right tension in cohesin molecules that hold the chromosomes together until the right time to separate. The news was relayed by EurekAlert!and published in Nature Communications.
Remember Paleys Watch? Researchers at the University of Basel discovered that Inner clockwork sets the time for cell division in bacteria. In PNAS and in Nature Communications, the Basel team elucidates the structure and function of a small signaling molecule that starts the clock, which then informs the cell about the right time to reproduce. They report in the news release:
A team at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel, led by Prof. Urs Jenal has now identified a central switch for reproduction in the model bacteriumCaulobacter crescentus: the signaling molecule c-di-GMP. In their current study,published in the journalNature Communications,they report that this molecule initiates a clock-like mechanism, which determines whether individual bacteria reproduce.
Proteins must fold properly to perform their functions. Small proteins usually fold successfully on their own, but large ones can fall into several misfolding traps that are equally likely as the canonical fold. It appears that the sequence of the sequence in a gene has something to do with this. Interestingly, many of these proteins sequences contain conserved rare codons that may slow down synthesis at this optimal window, explain Amir Bitran et al. in a January 21 paper in PNAS, discovering that Cotranslational folding (i.e., folding that begins as the polypeptide exits the ribosome) allows misfolding-prone proteins to circumvent deep kinetic traps.
Design advocates and evolutionists need to fathom what they are dealing with when discussing origins. Theres nothing like some low-level detail to put the challenge in perspective.
Image credit: Caulobacter crescentus, by University of Basel, Swiss Nanoscience Institute/Biozentrum, via EurekAlert!
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