image:Katie Pollard is recognized by the National Academy of Medicine for discovering fast-evolving regions of the human genome and for creating open-source software used by scientists worldwide. view more
Credit: Photo: Michael Short/Gladstone Institutes
SAN FRANCISCO, CAData scientist and statistician Katie Pollard, PhD, director of the Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, has been elected to the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), one of the highest honors in health and medicine. Through its election process, the Academy recognizes individuals who have demonstrated outstanding professional achievement and commitment to service.
Pollard is perhaps best known for developing a novel statistical approach to identify human accelerated regions (HARs), which are stretches of DNA that rapidly changed when humans evolved from primate ancestors. Many of these regions of the human genome help determine when and where important genesincluding those associated with diseasesare turned on or off.
Pollard is also being recognized for the creation of statistical models and open-source bioinformatics software, which are used by researchers worldwide to investigate gene activity, genome evolution, and the microbiome (the collection of microbes found in the human gut).
As a statistician, I am honored that the National Academy of Medicine and my nominators value our contributionsand the contributions of data scientists more broadlyto biomedical research and medicine, says Pollard. I love coding and math, but what really motivates me is using these methods to understand how our bodies work and how they break in disease.
Pollard, who is also a professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UC San Francisco and an investigator at the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, entered graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley, interested in using math and statistics for public health applications. She was moving from classwork to research when the human genome was sequenced for the first time.
I immediately became interested in using the genome sequence to measure differences in gene activity between tissues and disease states, such as in tumors versus nearby healthy tissue, she recalls. I also wanted to develop statistical methods that could help me, and other researchers, get reliable results from the unprecedently large arrays of genomic data being produced.
Since then, Pollard and her lab have made critical contributions to several other research areas, including decoding how genomes work by using comparative genomics; creating statistical models, open-source bioinformatics software, and machine-learning frameworks to better understand the human genome; and developing analytical tools to study the human microbiome.
Driving Medical Research with Bioinformatic Approaches
As Pollard started her postdoctoral work, the chimpanzee genome was sequenced. Because she had studied anthropology (including primatology) as an undergraduate, she understood the importance and potential applications of the new information, and performed one of the first genome-wide comparisons of human and chimpanzee DNA. That work led to the discovery of HARs.
HARs are short pieces of DNA where chimpanzees and other non-human mammals have nearly identical sequences, she explains. But the human HARs are very different from the chimps, which makes HARs exciting candidates for understanding traits that are unique to humans, such as spoken language, HIV susceptibility, and psychiatric diseases.
After scientists had been trying to figure out the function of HARs for nearly a decade, Pollard and her team made a significant breakthrough by using an innovative approach inspired by the fields of bioinformatics, stem cell biology, and genomics.
They discovered that the vast majority of HARs are not genes, but rather enhancers that turn the activity of nearby genes up or down. They also found that many HARs control genes involved in brain development and in psychiatric diseases that are uniquely human, such as autism and schizophrenia.
In parallel, for the past 15 years, Pollards team has been developing new ways to analyze the hundreds of species of microbes that grow inside the human gut, which play many roles in health and disease.Their breakthroughs could lead to the development of therapies to maintain or improve gut health. They are also helping set the stage for using the microbiome in precision medicine.
To make these discoveries, we first had to create the right bioinformatics tools to tackle the questions we wanted to answer, says Pollard. We then applied our tools to massive analyses of terabytes of publicly available data, bringing together datasets that were not originally collected for the same purpose. And we used these datasets to ask new questions beyond what was analyzed in the original studies.
She helped create several computational methods to better analyze typical datasets, including an approach that allows researchers to carry out bigger and more precise analyses of the microbiome than ever before. Their approaches are also faster and cheaper than previous technologies, making them accessible to most labsnot only the ones that can afford high-performance computing power.
To Pollard, this is one of the most crucial aspects of technology development: creating tools that can be shared with, and used by, as many scientists and students as possible. Thats why shes such a strong advocate of open science, and a world leader in open-source bioinformatics software.
The machine-learning tools and statistical methods we develop can be used to study a wide range of diseases, says Pollard. Its important to me that they can be made available to anyone who needs them, so that we can open the door to important discoveries by researchers all around the world, across a variety of fields.
Expanding the Role of Data Science
Looking ahead, Pollard would like to help expand the role of data science in modern biomedical research. Rather than its current function of supporting the analysis of experimental research that has already been conducted, she would like to see data science setting the direction of experimentation and technology development.
What Im most excited about is using predictive models to drive experiments and the development of new tools and technologies, she says. Data scientists being in the drivers seat will also ensure that we are designing the experiments and machines that best address the questions we want to ask down the line.
Pollard earned her BA at Pomona College and her Masters degree and PhD in biostatistics from UC Berkeley. She is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, the California Academy of Sciences, and the International Society for Computational Biology. She is also a member of the American Society of Human Genetics and the American Statistical Association.
Pollards election was announced on October 17, 2022, by the NAM, which is part of the congressionally chartered National Academy of Sciencesa group of private, nonprofit institutions that provide objective advice on matters of science, technology, and health.
Pollard joins seven fellow NAM members from Gladstone Institutes: Jennifer Doudna, PhD, senior investigator; Warner Greene, MD, PhD, senior investigator; Robert W. Mahley, MD, PhD, senior investigator, president emeritus, and Gladstone founder; Lennart Mucke, MD, senior investigator and director of the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease; Deepak Srivastava, MD, senior investigator and president of Gladstone; R. Sanders Williams, MD, former Gladstone president; and Shinya Yamanaka, MD, PhD, senior investigator.
More here:
Gladstone data scientist elected to the National Academy of Medicine - EurekAlert
- Copy number variation of the restorer Rf4 underlies human selection ... - Nature.com - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- NYU Langone Health in the NewsThursday, November 9, 2023 - NYU Langone Health - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Eugenics: Plaguing scientific community with dark history | Opinion ... - The Arkansas Traveler - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Cranberries can bounce, float and pollinate themselves: The saucy ... - Japan Today - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Government Housing Assistance Linked to Increased Cancer ... - HealthDay - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Rate of New Lung Cancer Cases Has Decreased Over Last Five Years - HealthDay - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes are linked to a limited ... - Nature.com - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Disparities in Guideline-Concordant Care Found for Black CRC ... - HealthDay - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Mathematician Heather Harrington is new director at the Max Planck ... - EurekAlert - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- New study finds genetic testing can effectively identify patients with ... - EurekAlert - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- STK11 loss leads to YAP1-mediated transcriptional activation in ... - Nature.com - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- CRISPR-broad: combined design of multi-targeting gRNAs and ... - Nature.com - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Master regulator of the dark genome greatly improves cancer T-cell ... - Science Daily - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Omega Therapeutics Showcases Bidirectional and Multiplexed ... - BioSpace - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Today is International 15q Day - ASBMB Today - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Evolution of taste: Sharks were already able to perceive bitter ... - EurekAlert - November 15th, 2023 [November 15th, 2023]
- Stanford Scientists Uncover New Indicators of Health, Disease, and ... - SciTechDaily - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- NHGRI Director Eric Green elected to the National Academy of ... - National Human Genome Research Institute - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Monkey survives for two years after gene-edited pig-kidney transplant - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Opinion: Interest in RNA Editing Accelerates as Therapies Approach ... - BioSpace - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Regulation of dermal fibroblasts by human neutrophil peptides ... - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Consistent effects of the genetics of happiness across the lifespan ... - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Storytelling through the looking glass of genetics The Stute - The Stute - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Pet dogs shed light on human health, researchers say - UPI News - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Native microbiome dominates over host factors in shaping the ... - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Illinois-led project to sequence soybean genomes, improve future ... - Herald-Whig - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Unrealized targets in the discovery of antibiotics for Gram-negative ... - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- How Biotech And AI Are Transforming The Human - Noema Magazine - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- The Many Lives of Alexandria Forbes - BioSpace - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- CEP20 promotes invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung ... - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Genotyping, sequencing and analysis of 140,000 adults from Mexico ... - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- The role and impact of alternative polyadenylation and miRNA ... - Nature.com - October 16th, 2023 [October 16th, 2023]
- Human - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - January 30th, 2023 [January 30th, 2023]
- Deep Dive Ties Together Dog Genetics, Brain Physiology and Behavior to Explain Why Collies Are Different from Terriers - Scientific American - December 12th, 2022 [December 12th, 2022]
- How oxytocin drives connections of newly integrated adult-born neurons: Research - Hindustan Times - December 12th, 2022 [December 12th, 2022]
- Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Fact Sheet - National Institute on Aging - December 2nd, 2022 [December 2nd, 2022]
- Human genetic clustering - Wikipedia - November 23rd, 2022 [November 23rd, 2022]
- Human Genome Project Fact Sheet - November 23rd, 2022 [November 23rd, 2022]
- Abstracts | International Congress of Human Genetics 2023 - November 23rd, 2022 [November 23rd, 2022]
- Ancient DNA and Neanderthals | The Smithsonian Institution's Human ... - November 16th, 2022 [November 16th, 2022]
- Biological Influences on Human Behavior: Genetics & Environment - November 16th, 2022 [November 16th, 2022]
- Fluent BioSciences showcasing breakthrough solutions to enable unprecedented scale, cost-efficiency and access for single-cell RNA sequencing at the... - October 28th, 2022 [October 28th, 2022]
- Human behaviour genetics - Wikipedia - October 23rd, 2022 [October 23rd, 2022]
- Nucleome Therapeutics raises oversubscribed 37.5 million Series A financing to decode the dark matter of the human genome and deliver first-in-class... - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Ocugen to Host R&D Day in New York City on Tuesday, November 1, 2022 - Yahoo Finance - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Pharmacy researcher earns $2.3 million NIH award to study opioid addiction - EurekAlert - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Study shows age often plays a bigger role than genetics in gene expression and susceptibility to disease - Anti Aging News - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- CSRWire - Direct Relief, Amgen and C/Can Team Up To Improve Access to Breast Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment in Paraguay - CSRwire.com - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Maze Therapeutics Appoints Harold Bernstein, M.D., Ph.D., as President, Research and Development and Chief Medical Officer - Business Wire - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- New Rare Disease Therapy Effectively Lowers Plasma Phe in Patients with PKU - MD Magazine - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- GSK : announces expanded collaboration with Tempus in precision medicine to accelerate R&D - Marketscreener.com - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Famous Scientific Discoveries That Changed the Course of History - 24/7 Wall St. - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Construction workers seek fulfilment of their demands - Star of Mysore - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Genetics | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Genetics - Wikipedia - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Study looking at human genetics and Covid vaccine immune responses - Science Media Centre - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- ASHG 2022 in Los Angeles brings together researchers from around the world to advance discoveries in genetics, genomics research - EurekAlert - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Maze Therapeutics Appoints Harold Bernstein, M.D., Ph.D., as President, Research and Development and Chief Medical Officer - Yahoo Finance - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- The Age of the Pangenome Dawns - DNA Science - PLOS - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Influence of the microbiome, diet and genetics on inter-individual variation in the human plasma metabolome - Nature.com - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Genome editing technologies: final conclusions of the re-examination of Article 13 of the Oviedo Convention - Council of Europe - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative making genome-wide association studies more diverse and representative - EurekAlert - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- New NHS genetic testing service could save thousands of children in England - The Guardian - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Covid protection may be boosted by genes, study shows - Yahoo News Australia - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Genomics in Cancer Care Market is estimated to be US$ 72.61 billion by 2032 with a CAGR of 16.3% during the forecast period 2032 - By PMI -... - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Identification of hub genes and candidate herbal treatment in obesity through integrated bioinformatic analysis and reverse network pharmacology |... - October 13th, 2022 [October 13th, 2022]
- Our *Homo sapiens* ancestors shared the world with Neanderthals, Denisovans and other types of humans whose DNA lives on in our genes -... - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Blue Eyed People Have a Single Ancestor | History of Yesterday - History of Yesterday - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- Heart infection could be cause of death of Polish, US hero - ABC News - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- 23andMe Announces Trials-in-Progress Poster Presentation on 23ME-00610, An Investigational Antibody Targeting CD200R1, at The Society for... - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- The Genetic Drivers Of Longevity In Mice, Humans And Worms - Science 2.0 - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- ANGPTL7, a therapeutic target for increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma | Communications Biology - Nature.com - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- 'Neanderthal Man' Nobel Prize winner Svante Pbo revolutionized anthropology. Here is a look back at his groundbreaking 2014 memoir - Genetic Literacy... - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- Understanding Human Genetic Variation - NCBI Bookshelf - September 14th, 2022 [September 14th, 2022]
- Genetics - National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) - September 14th, 2022 [September 14th, 2022]
- People with ME invited to take part in major genetic study - The Independent - September 14th, 2022 [September 14th, 2022]
- Ketamine Promising for Rare Condition Linked to Autism - Medscape - September 14th, 2022 [September 14th, 2022]
- How a small, unassuming fish helps reveal gene adaptations - University of Wisconsin-Madison - September 14th, 2022 [September 14th, 2022]
- How Nutrigenomics Explores Links Between Nutrition And Genes - Health Digest - September 14th, 2022 [September 14th, 2022]
- Scientists redefine obesity with discovery of two major subtypes - EurekAlert - September 14th, 2022 [September 14th, 2022]