When the workday ends at BGIs factory in Shenzhen, the headquarters of the largest genome mapping company in the world, its like a bell has gone off at math camp. The companys scientists and technicians spill out of the doorways of the building, baby-faced and wearing jeans and sneakers. Some still have braces. Several young women link arms and skip toward a bus line. Others head next door to the dorm or over to the canteen where young couples are holding hands across plastic trays. This work we do is tiring and requires focus, says Liu Xin, a 26-year-old team leader in the bioinformatics division, as he sinks into a couch in one of BGIs conference rooms. So its good that they allow us to date.
Liu is one of a small army of recent college graduates at BGIs largest facility, a former shoe factory. Two gray buildings, the factory and the dorm, are wedged between one of Shenzhens industrial zonesa grid of high-rises, apartment buildings, and several hospitals and medical equipment companiesand a lush, jungly hill thats in the process of being bulldozed. Liu is stocky and serious, glad that he already has a steady girlfriend so he can focus on his career. He arrived at BGI three years ago, a biology major from Peking University with little experience in the study of the genome, the term for the entirety of an organisms genetic information. Now hes one of the senior people in his department. He works 12-hour days and oversees the sequencing of multiple genomes at a time. He specializes in plantshis team is currently sequencing a species of orchid. The bioinformatics teams around him are picking through the genomes of animals, microbial organisms, humans, and anything else that comes with a genetic code. Everyone is just out of college, he says. I am now more sophisticated than most of the newcomers.
Ten years after the mapping of the human genome, BGI has established itself as the worlds largest commercial genetic sequencer. The ranks of Chinas college graduates are expanding faster than the country can employ them, and BGI is leveraging this cheap, educated labor pool. At the factory in Shenzhen, more than 3,000 employees (average age, 26) spend their days preparing DNA samples, monitoring sequencing machines, and piecing together endless strings of As, Cs, Ts, and Gs, the building blocks of genetic material.
This is big data analysis, says Wang Jun, BGIs 36-year-old executive director. Wang, who regularly wears tennis shoes and untucked polo shirts, has published more than 35 articles in Science and Nature magazines and also teaches at the University of Copenhagen. Genomics, he says, is a new field and experts are being created from scratch. We dont need Ph.D.s to do this work, Wang says. Instead, he believes genomics is best learned the old-fashioned way. You just throw them in, he says of BGIs technicians. The best way is hands-on experience. When the first draft of the human genome was released in 2000 as part of the international Human Genome Project, it seemed inevitable that scientists would soon crack the codes of disease, health, and human development. But the genome has proved more complicated. What scientists produced in 2000 was a long list of nucleotides, the combinations of markers in DNA that specify the makeup of an organism. It was just a list, and only a fraction of it is understood. Scientists were quick to identify fragments of the genome that translate into proteins, which control things like eye color, but these make up only 1.5percent of the entire thing. As geneticists like to put it, they produced a map without a legend. This is where BGI comes in.
Photograph by Luke Casey for Bloomberg BusinessweekExecutive director Wang Jun (left)
The company was founded in 1999 with state funding to lead Chinas participation in the Human Genome Project. We didnt think about any business model; we basically didnt plan further than the human genome, says Wang, who was brought on in the early days of BGI to provide expertise in computers. China, he points out, was the only developing country working on the international project, and although the BGI team contributed only 1percent of the finished project, it did it quickly and with little previous experience. Even Bill Clinton thanked us for our participation, he says. Wang joined the project when he was just 22 and worked under BGIs two founders, the scientists Wang Jian, then 45, and Yang Huanming, then 47.
For its next challenge, BGI decided to tackle rice, whose genome is significantly shorter than that of humans but still large enough to impress. We recruited a bunch of undergraduates, and lots of them had no working experience on any project, Wang Jun says. The schedule was tight; Wang and his team barely slept. We can do these kind of crazy things in BGI, he says. We can get 100 people together, very fresh, no experience at all, and get it done.
In 2002, BGI published a paper on the rice project in Science and again attracted attention and money from the Chinese government, though its a private company. The company was rewarded with entry into the state-run Chinese Academy of Sciences, a distinction that secured additional funding. As part of CAS, however, BGI was limited to only 90 scientists. Its leaders had their eyes on expansion. Our boss wanted to buy more sequencing machines, says Deng Wenxi, a 24-year-old communications officer at the BGI factory. But the Beijing government would not support us. In 2007 the company found a solution by way of Shenzhens city government, which offered the factory 10million yuan (about $1.6 million in todays exchange rates) to cover startup fees and 20million yuan in annual grants. The company changed its name from Beijing Genomics Institute to BGI Shenzhen and moved to the shoe factory. Beijing is more strict, says Deng. Shenzhen wanted to welcome us. The factory, she says, actually belongs to the Shenzhen government. When asked about the move, Wang Jun answers the question a little more vaguely, Well, he says, the weather is definitely nicer here.
Today, BGI organizes its operations into three categorieshealth care, agriculture, and the environment. When scientists look at the genome, theyre looking for variations from one individual to another, from species to species, or population to population. Theyre looking to understand which variations link to specific traits or diseases.
As Wang Jun says, decoding any genome is a big data endeavor, and theres no other research institution or for-profit sequencing company in the world that has the capacity of BGI. In health care, it offers straightforward sequencing services for universities and corporations globally, which ask BGI to sequence a genome and send it back for analysis. More often than not, BGI works in partnerships to map, analyze, and publish the findings.
Read more:
BGI's Young Chinese Scientists Will Map Any Genome
- The complete plastome sequences of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus: genome organization, evolutionary ... - Nature.com - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Multi-omic profiling reveals associations between the gut microbiome, host genome and transcriptome in patients with ... - Journal of Translational... - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - National Human Genome Research Institute - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Genomic Time Machine Reveals Secrets of Human DNA - SciTechDaily - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- 1 Million Unannotated Exons Discovered in the Human Genome - Technology Networks - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Hope for the night parrot: bird's full genome has been sequenced - Cosmos - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- RevIT AAV Enhancer: Rev-up AAV genome production in upstream manufacturing - BioProcess Insider - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Multi-omics resources for the Australian southern stuttering frog (Mixophyes australis) reveal assorted antimicrobial ... - Nature.com - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Large-scale gene expression alterations introduced by structural variation drive morphotype diversification in Brassica ... - Nature.com - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Near-gapless and haplotype-resolved apple genomes provide insights into the genetic basis of rootstock-induced ... - Nature.com - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Secrets of Night Parrot unlocked after first genome sequenced - CSIRO - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- CRISPR gene editing tool gets a revolutionary high-tech upgrade - Earth.com - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Ancient retroviruses played a key role in the evolution of vertebrate brains - EurekAlert - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Natural selection and genetic diversity maintenance in a parasitic wasp during continuous biological control application - Nature.com - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- Hopes elusive parrots genome will provide answers - news.com.au - February 18th, 2024 [February 18th, 2024]
- MicroRNA is the master regulator of the genome researchers are learning how to treat disease by harnessing the ... - The Conversation - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- "Ground-Breaking" Release of World's Largest Whole Genome Resource - Inside Precision Medicine - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- Pangenome analysis reveals genomic variations associated with domestication traits in broomcorn millet - Nature.com - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- Global genetic diversity, introgression, and evolutionary adaptation of indicine cattle revealed by whole genome ... - Nature.com - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- Genome characteristics of atypical porcine pestivirus from abortion cases in Shandong Province, China - Virology Journal - Virology Journal - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- Correcting modification-mediated errors in nanopore sequencing by nucleotide demodification and reference-based ... - Nature.com - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- CRISPR-Based "Genome Shredding" Technique Shows Promise in Treating Glioblastoma - Inside Precision Medicine - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- Genome wide analysis revealed conserved domains involved in the effector discrimination of bacterial type VI secretion ... - Nature.com - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- TRISH to investigate the effects of spaceflight on the human genome, central nervous system - Odessa American - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- The venom preceded the stinger: Genomic studies shed light on the origins of bee venom - EurekAlert - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- Integrating genomic and multiomic data for Angelica sinensis provides insights into the evolution and biosynthesis of ... - Nature.com - November 30th, 2023 [November 30th, 2023]
- Genetic diversity and ancestry of the Khmuic-speaking ethnic groups ... - Nature.com - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Researchers to Apply Genome Analysis to Childhood Cancers; Goal ... - The Japan News - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- How Bats' Genomes May Help Them Avoid Cancer and Survive ... - Technology Networks - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Longitudinal genomic surveillance of carriage and transmission of ... - Nature.com - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Whole genomes from bacteria collected at diagnostic units around ... - Nature.com - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Genome-wide identification of lncRNA & mRNA for T2DM | PGPM - Dove Medical Press - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Tasmanian tiger RNA is first to be recovered from an extinct animal - Nature.com - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Loneliness and depression: bidirectional mendelian randomization ... - Nature.com - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Rome Therapeutics adds $72 million to Series B round to harness ... - OutSourcing-Pharma.com - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Mystery of 'living fossil' tree frozen in time for 66 million years finally ... - Livescience.com - September 21st, 2023 [September 21st, 2023]
- Why the human genome could be healthcares holy grail - Yahoo Finance - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Scientists Compare Genomes of 240 Mammals to Understand Human DNA - The New York Times - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Genomes From 240 Mammalian Species Help Explain 100 Years Of Evolution And Human Disease - ABP Live - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- 'Deletions' from the human genome may be what made us human - Yale News - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- GeneDx Adds Buccal Swab as Non-Invasive Whole Genome ... - GlobeNewswire - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Whole-genome sequencing used to track down genes behind familial glioma - Medical Xpress - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Wiggly proteins guard the genome: Dynamic network in the pores of ... - Science Daily - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Genome-Wide Splicing Quantitative Expression Locus Analysis ... - Cancer Discovery - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Digital Genome Market is expand at a CAGR of 8.6% to reach USD ... - Digital Journal - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- High School Students Learn the Basics of Base Editing to Cure GFP ... - University of California San Diego - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Genomic researchers gain access to CSIRO's AI-powered data ... - Microsoft - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Archaic hominin traits through the splicing lens - Nature.com - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Critical bug in genome sequencing device scores '10' on CVSS ratings - SC Media - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Novel Genomic Approach Ensures Better Diagnosis of Hereditary ... - Technology Networks - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Intellia Therapeutics: Leading the Way in Revolutionary Genome ... - Best Stocks - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Visual tracking of viral infection dynamics reveals the synergistic ... - Nature.com - May 4th, 2023 [May 4th, 2023]
- Genome | Genome LLC | United States - March 31st, 2023 [March 31st, 2023]
- Belarus: EU and WHO deliver equipment for research of genomes of infectious disease agents - EIN News - February 24th, 2023 [February 24th, 2023]
- Gene vs. genome: Definition, function, and impact - January 30th, 2023 [January 30th, 2023]
- Big cog in the wheel: As Covid worries reappear, Insacogs genome sequencing ability must be aided by govts - Times of India - December 25th, 2022 [December 25th, 2022]
- CapitalGainsReport Sector Spotlight: Healthcare Penny Stocks On The Move (ARDX, WHSI, BNGO) - Marketscreener.com - November 25th, 2022 [November 25th, 2022]
- Genome Insight and Kun-hee Lee Child Cancer & Rare Disease Project Team of SNUH (Seoul National University Hospital) Made an Agreement About a... - November 23rd, 2022 [November 23rd, 2022]
- Genome-wide association study reveals distinct genetic associations related to leaf hair density in two lineages of wheat-wild relative Aegilops... - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- The Global Genomics Market to Exhibit Growth at a CAGR of 16.90% During the Forecast Period (20222027) | DelveInsight - Yahoo Finance - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Illumina and GenoScreen Partner to Expand Access to Genomic Testing for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis - PR Newswire - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Superresolution Method Poised to Better Gene Function Understanding - Photonics.com - October 19th, 2022 [October 19th, 2022]
- Genome-centric analysis of short and long read metagenomes reveals uncharacterized microbiome diversity in Southeast Asians - Nature.com - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- How a New Battery Data Genome Project Will Use Vast Amounts of Information to Build Better EVs - InsideClimate News - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- Scientists Reconstruct the Genome of the 180-Million-Year-Old Common Ancestor of All Mammals - SciTechDaily - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- Combining OSMAC, metabolomic and genomic methods for the production and annotation of halogenated azaphilones and ilicicolins in termite symbiotic... - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- Concerted expansion and contraction of immune receptor gene repertoires in plant genomes - Nature.com - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- Uncovering the Full Variant Continuum with Pioneering Solutions from Bionano - Inside Precision Medicine - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- Metagenomic analysis of viromes in tissues of wild Qinghai vole from the eastern Tibetan Plateau | Scientific Reports - Nature.com - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- Research Assistant in Molecular and Genome Editing Therapeutics job with KINGS COLLEGE LONDON | 311876 - Times Higher Education - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- Lessons learnt from COVID-19 shed light on future pandemic preparedness - The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity - October 15th, 2022 [October 15th, 2022]
- From Neanderthal genome to Nobel prize: meet geneticist Svante Pbo - Nature.com - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Revealing the genome organization of the earliest common ancestor of all mammals - Tech Explorist - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Mitochondrial DNA Is Working Its Way Into the Human Genome - Technology Networks - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Animated Map: Where to Find Water on Mars - Visual Capitalist - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Reconstruction of The First Mammal's Genome Suggests It Had 38 Chromosomes - ScienceAlert - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- Genomic Science Breakthroughs Are Happening Faster Than Ever Thanks to HPC - CIO - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- Genome Of Ancient Humans Is The Winning Field Of 2022's Nobel Prize in Medicine - IFLScience - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- ASU professor to study new genome editing tools with NIH Innovator Award - ASU News Now - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]
- New R&D norms to fast-track research on genome-edited crops - The Financial Express - October 6th, 2022 [October 6th, 2022]