The COVID-19 pandemic has increased threats to food security around the world, underscoring the need for innovation to make agriculture and aquaculture more resilient and efficient. Fortunately, the biological innovations needed to do just that are quickly becoming competitive and scalable.
SAN FRANCISCO In November, the United Nations World Food Program and the International Organization for Migration warned of the unprecedented threat to food security brought about by COVID-19. The pandemics collateral damage could turn out to be even worse than the disease itself.
Most leading international institutions with an interest in food security have now called for action to prevent future outbreaks of infectious disease, and to make food systems more resistant to shocks. Biological innovation must factor into our thinking as we strive to meet the dual challenge of feeding a growing population and managing natural resources sustainably.
Even before the pandemic, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) warned that more than 820 million people did not have enough to eat. With the global population expected to grow by roughly two billion people by 2050, improving access to affordable and healthy food will be critical in reducing malnutrition and the associated health-care costs.
Innovation in farming and food production is as old as agriculture itself, yet it is sorely needed today. Recent research by the McKinsey Global Institute finds that biological innovation in agriculture, aquaculture, and food production could yield economic returns of up to $1.2 trillion over the next decade or two. To put that into context, the global food and agribusiness industry is worth about $5 trillion today.
What could deliver this growth? The most promising innovations include alternative proteins, marker-assisted breeding, genetic engineering of plant and animal traits, and microbiome mapping and modification. Consumer interest in alternative protein sources is increasing globally, owing to concerns about health, the environment, and animal welfare.
Plant-based meat substitutes are already widely sold, though the economics of their production needs to be improved. Plant-based milk, for example, accounts for 15% of retail milk sales in the United States and 8% in Britain. And companies like Clara Foods are using advanced yeast engineering and fermentation technologies to produce animal-free egg-white proteins.
Enjoy unlimited access to the ideas and opinions of the world's leading thinkers, including weekly long reads, book reviews, and interviews; The Year Ahead annual print magazine; the complete PS archive; and more All for less than $9 a month.
Subscribe Now
Likewise, cultured meat and seafood whereby muscle tissue grown from cells in the lab is made to mimic the protein profile of animal meat is on the horizon. Earlier this month, Singapore became the first government to approve the sale of lab-grown meat (cultured chicken created by the San Francisco-based company Eat Just). Over the next ten years, cultured meat and seafood could become cost competitive with conventional animal proteins.
Selective breeding of plants and animals is not new, but marker-assisted breeding has made the process cheaper and significantly faster, because it enables the selection of desirable traits even if the precise genes that generate them have not yet been identified or understood. The plunging cost of DNA sequencing means that thousands of potential markers can be detected simultaneously. Whereas developing new crop varieties previously could require 25 years, it now can be done in as few as seven. And because marker-assisted selection is not yet as prevalent in developing countries as it is in advanced economies, there are significant opportunities for growth.
Since the development of the first genetically engineered plant (tobacco) in the early 1980s, genetic engineering has become well established. But, again, the technology is still improving rapidly. New tools like CRISPR have made gene editing more precise, allowing for crops to be tailored much more effectively to local conditions such as temperature and soil type. CRISPR-edited produce could land on grocery store shelves in the US over the next ten years, starting with sweeter strawberries that have a longer shelf life.
Another promising area of innovation is portable DNA-sequencing devices, which could soon be used by farmers to diagnose plant diseases, possibly improving quality and yield while eliminating or reducing use of pesticides. Genetic editing to improve health and productivity in food animals such as dairy and beef cattle, swine, and poultry is still nascent, but interest in the field has soared since the 2019 outbreak of African swine fever.
Similarly, the mapping of the microbiome including bacteria, fungi, and viruses is helping researchers find ways to increase the resilience of crops, animals, and soil to drought and disease. Here, too, advances in computing and sequencing are accelerating the pace of discovery, such that the biotech company Novozymes is already offering genetically engineered microbes to use in place of yield- and quality-boosting chemicals.
Many of these biological innovations can help us address not only hunger but also resource depletion and broader climate risks. According to the FAO, raising livestock for meat, eggs, and milk generates14.5% of global greenhouse-gas emissions; and one-third of all cropland is used to produce animal feed. Agriculture is also the largest contributor to deforestation, occupying 43% of the worlds ice-free and desert-free land. The plant-based Impossible Burger embodies 89% fewer emissions than a traditional beef burger.
Climate change reinforces the need for biological innovations, such as crops that have been engineered to withstand severe weather, or to grow in new environments, including areas with extreme temperatures, high salinity, or frequent droughts.
Many innovations are already contributing to food security, and the full potential of affordable DNA sequencing and CRISPR technology will continue to be revealed over time. It will take longer for lab-grown meat to make inroads, but when it does, the impact is likely to be felt far and wide.
Regulation and public perceptions have long played a role both positive and negative in biological innovation. The first wave of commercially available genetically engineered products has not yet reached many countries, and 19 EU member states still support partial or full bans on their sale. In Africa, genetically modified food products are legal in only a tiny handful of countries.
Safety is clearly paramount. But if regulators and consumers concerns can be addressed, the bio-revolution could take us a long way toward tackling global challenges like food security and climate change.
Follow this link:
Long Live the Bio-Revolution by Michael Chui & Matthias Evers - Project Syndicate
- Viewpoint: Anti-GMO arguments seem silly after 28 years of false narratives about health harms and and genetic ... - Genetic Literacy Project - March 29th, 2024 [March 29th, 2024]
- Viewpoint: Here's how genetically engineered fruits and vegetables will soon emerge as a grocery store 'selling point ... - Genetic Literacy Project - March 29th, 2024 [March 29th, 2024]
- CRISPR Investments: What We Heard at World Agri-Tech - Seed World - March 29th, 2024 [March 29th, 2024]
- When SpaceX's Starship is ready to settle Mars, will we be? (op-ed) - Space.com - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Genome-wide promoter responses to CRISPR perturbations of ... - Nature.com - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Expanding the toolbox for RNA editing | ASU News - ASU News Now - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Electrical Engineer Named MIT Technology Review Innovator Under ... - University of California San Diego - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Can we rely on our 'moral force-field' to stop cloning going too far? - The National - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Otsuka Collaborates with ShapeTX for Development of AAV Gene ... - Pharmaceutical Technology Magazine - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Cancer discovery earns U of A grad the Breakthrough Prize - University of Alberta - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- The Brave New World of synthetic humans | Gne Taylor - IAI - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Targeting Tumors with Photosynthetic Bacteria - Optics & Photonics News - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Artificial Photosynthesis Breakthrough Researchers Produce ... - SciTechDaily - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- BASF patent on watermelons upheld: European Patent Office rejects ... - Bio Eco Actual - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Space Industry Is Growing Faster Than Its Workforce, Analysts Say - Slashdot - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- New 'Inverse Vaccine' Shows Potential to Treat MS and Other ... - Slashdot - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Gene therapy: Donor DNA may protect babies from certain disorders - Medical News Today - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Viewpoint: Grim consequences of Greenpeace's war on ... - Genetic Literacy Project - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Predicting Diabetic Kidney Disease with the Use of a Novel Algorithm - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Quantum biology on horizon? How futuristic physics theory could ... - Study Finds - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Scientists can collect human DNA from water, air, and basically ... - Earth.com - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- The First Crispr-Edited Salad Is Here - WIRED - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Gene editing technology used to produce disease-resistant calf - Earth.com - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Neanderthals passed down their tall noses to modern humans ... - Livescience.com - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Squid Camouflage Inspires Human Invisibility: Is it Possible? - DISCOVER Magazine - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Mice Model Technologies Market Poised for 7.4% CAGR Growth, Reaching USD 3.2 Bn by 2031 | Transparency Market Research - Yahoo Finance - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Google Cloud launches A.I.-powered tools to accelerate drug discovery, precision medicine - CNBC - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- How Fauci, scientists with ties to Wuhan lab persuaded the ... - U.S. Right to Know - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- The Daunting Task of Cutting Heavy Metals from Baby Food - Undark Magazine - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Ingestible Device Profiles and Peers into the Microbiome and ... - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- X-Men Officially Names the Best Powers Any Mutant Can Have - Screen Rant - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- 10 Forgotten Marvel Comics Characters That Debuted In The '80s - Screen Rant - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- 18 Human Genetic Engineering - Clemson University - April 19th, 2023 [April 19th, 2023]
- Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering - Benefits and Risks - March 31st, 2023 [March 31st, 2023]
- What is Genetic Engineering? Types, Process & Applications - March 31st, 2023 [March 31st, 2023]
- How artificial skin is made and its uses, from treating burns to skin cancer - South China Morning Post - March 31st, 2023 [March 31st, 2023]
- Welcome to the UNC Department of Genetics | Department of Genetics - February 5th, 2023 [February 5th, 2023]
- Global Genetically Modified Crops Market Is Projected To Grow At A 6% Rate Through The Forecast Period - EIN News - February 5th, 2023 [February 5th, 2023]
- Science and History of GMOs and Other Food Modification Processes - February 2nd, 2023 [February 2nd, 2023]
- Genetics | History, Biology, Timeline, & Facts | Britannica - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Human genetics | Description, Chromosomes, & Inheritance - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Genetic testing - Mayo Clinic - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Genetic Disorders: What Are They, Types, Symptoms & Causes - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Colossal Biosciences Project to Revive the Prehistoric Woolly Mammoth Raises Staggering $60 Million Series A Funding - Nature World News - January 22nd, 2023 [January 22nd, 2023]
- 2023 is going to witness a surge in technology courses top courses that will remain in vogue - Times of India - January 22nd, 2023 [January 22nd, 2023]
- M.R.S. Rao birthday: All you need to know about the Padma Shri winning Indian scientist - Free Press Journal - January 22nd, 2023 [January 22nd, 2023]
- Russian cosmism - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- Postgenderism - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- LessWrong - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- Eliezer Yudkowsky - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- Genetic Engineering Principles of Biology - December 26th, 2022 [December 26th, 2022]
- Engineering the Perfect Baby | MIT Technology Review - December 26th, 2022 [December 26th, 2022]
- Genetic Engineering Science Projects - Science Buddies - December 21st, 2022 [December 21st, 2022]
- DSI adoption at COP15 can financially help protect biodiversity in India: Experts - The Tribune India - December 21st, 2022 [December 21st, 2022]
- Tel Aviv University researchers demonstrate success of potential one-time vaccine to treat HIV/AIDS - ETHealthWorld - December 21st, 2022 [December 21st, 2022]
- Should You Buy 22nd Century Group Inc (XXII) Stock After it Has Risen 14.29% in a Week? - InvestorsObserver - October 28th, 2022 [October 28th, 2022]
- Home :: National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- A recently discovered law of physics could help predict genetic mutations - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Farmers, consumers will embrace GMOs if they understand them - The Standard - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Synthetic Biology Market is Expected to Report a CAGR of ~21% from 2021 to 2029: Industry Size, Growth & Forecast at Douglas Insights - Yahoo... - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- After 45 years of science-based art, Esther Klein Gallery winds down - WHYY - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Behind this Nobel prize is a very human story: theres a bit of Neanderthal in all of us - The Guardian - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- The key to tastier beer might be mutant yeastwith notes of banana - Popular Science - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Why You'll Probably Never See Cotton Candy Grape Wine - Tasting Table - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Earth materials in technology The National - The National - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- CULINARY THRILL SEEKING Proceed with caution. It's hotter than blazes season. - Port Arthur News - The Port Arthur News - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Give legal rights to animals, trees and rivers, say experts - The Guardian - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- How yeast DNA may help protect astronauts from cosmic radiation in space - EastMojo - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Life finds a way, but should it? The ethics of genetic engineering - The Trinitonian - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- To modify or not to modify? Genetic Modification and Gene Editing - A divergence by the UK - Lexology - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Gene Therapy Hits Its Stride in the Clinic - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- GWAS, MWAS and mGWAS provide insights into precision agriculture based on genotype-dependent microbial effects in foxtail millet - Nature.com - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Making Sense of the Latest Apple-iPhone News - The Motley Fool - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Gene therapy brings hope to people with sickle cell, HIV - Monitor - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- GMO: Everything you need to know about lifting ban - FarmKenya Initiative - The Standard - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Century Therapeutics to Present at the SITC 37th Annual Meeting - Yahoo Finance - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Cultured meat could help solve the climate crisis. Heres what it will take to move it from the lab to the dinner table - Fortune - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Poseida Therapeutics to Present Trial in Progress Poster for Phase 1 P-MUC1C-ALLO1 Study at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Annual Meeting -... - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Explained: How scientists engineered mosquitoes that will cut the transmission of malaria - Firstpost - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Here Are the Biggest Health Industry News Items of 2022 So Far - DocWire News - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]