Indeed, some people are adamant that germ-line engineering is being pushed ahead with false arguments. That is the view of Edward Lanphier, CEO of Sangamo Biosciences, a California biotechnology company that is using another gene-editing technique, called zinc fingers nucleases, to try to treat HIV in adults by altering their blood cells. Weve looked at [germ-line engineering] for a disease rationale, and there is none, he says. You can do it. But there really isnt a medical reason. People say, well, we dont want children born with this, or born with thatbut its a completely false argument and a slippery slope toward much more unacceptable uses.
Critics cite a host of fears. Children would be the subject of experiments. Parents would be influenced by genetic advertising from IVF clinics. Germ-line engineering would encourage the spread of allegedly superior traits. And it would affect people not yet born, without their being able to agree to it. The American Medical Association, for instance, holds that germ-line engineering shouldnt be done at this time because it affects the welfare of future generations and could cause unpredictable and irreversible results. But like a lot of official statements that forbid changing the genome, the AMAs, which was last updated in 1996, predates todays technology. A lot of people just agreed to these statements, says Greely. It wasnt hard to renounce something that you couldnt do.
The fear? A dystopia of superpeople and designer babies for those who can afford it.
Others predict that hard-to-oppose medical uses will be identified. A couple with several genetic diseases at once might not be able to find a suitable embryo. Treating infertility is another possibility. Some men dont produce any sperm, a condition called azoospermia. One cause is a genetic defect in which a region of about one million to six million DNA letters is missing from the Y chromosome. It might be possible to take a skin cell from such a man, turn it into a stem cell, repair the DNA, and then make sperm, says Werner Neuhausser, a young Austrian doctor who splits his time between the Boston IVF fertility-clinic network and Harvards Stem Cell Institute. That will change medicine forever, right? You could cure infertility, that is for sure, he says.
I spoke with Church several times by telephone over the last few months, and he told me whats driving everything is the incredible specificity of CRISPR. Although not all the details have been worked out, he thinks the technology could replace DNA letters essentially without side effects. He says this is what makes it tempting to use. Church says his laboratory is focused mostly on experiments in engineering animals. He added that his lab would not make or edit human embryos, calling such a step not our style.
What is Churchs style is human enhancement. And hes been making a broad case that CRISPR can do more than eliminate disease genes. It can lead to augmentation. At meetings, some involving groups of transhumanists interested in next steps for human evolution, Church likes to show a slide on which he lists naturally occurring variants of around 10 genes that, when people are born with them, confer extraordinary qualities or resistance to disease. One makes your bones so hard theyll break a surgical drill. Another drastically cuts the risk of heart attacks. And a variant of the gene for the amyloid precursor protein, or APP, was found by Icelandic researchers to protect against Alzheimers. People with it never get dementia and remain sharp into old age.
Church thinks CRISPR could be used to provide people with favorable versions of genes, making DNA edits that would act as vaccines against some of the most common diseases we face today. Although he told me anything edgy should be done only to adults who can consent, its obvious to him that the earlier such interventions occur, the better.
Church tends to dodge questions about genetically modified babies. The idea of improving the human species has always had enormously bad press, he wrote in the introduction to Regenesis, his 2012 book on synthetic biology, whose cover was a painting by Eustache Le Sueur of a bearded God creating the world. But thats ultimately what hes suggesting: enhancements in the form of protective genes. An argument will be made that the ultimate prevention is that the earlier you go, the better the prevention, he told an audience at MITs Media Lab last spring. I do think its the ultimate preventive, if we get to the point where its very inexpensive, extremely safe, and very predictable. Church, who has a less cautious side, proceeded to tell the audience that he thought changing genes is going to get to the point where its like you are doing the equivalent of cosmetic surgery.
Some thinkers have concluded that we should not pass up the chance to make improvements to our species. The human genome is not perfect, says John Harris, a bioethicist at Manchester University, in the U.K. Its ethically imperative to positively support this technology. By some measures, U.S. public opinion is not particularly negative toward the idea. A Pew Research survey carried out last August found that 46 percent of adults approved of genetic modification of babies to reduce the risk of serious diseases.
Link:
Engineering the Perfect Baby | MIT Technology Review
- Viewpoint: Anti-GMO arguments seem silly after 28 years of false narratives about health harms and and genetic ... - Genetic Literacy Project - March 29th, 2024 [March 29th, 2024]
- Viewpoint: Here's how genetically engineered fruits and vegetables will soon emerge as a grocery store 'selling point ... - Genetic Literacy Project - March 29th, 2024 [March 29th, 2024]
- CRISPR Investments: What We Heard at World Agri-Tech - Seed World - March 29th, 2024 [March 29th, 2024]
- When SpaceX's Starship is ready to settle Mars, will we be? (op-ed) - Space.com - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Genome-wide promoter responses to CRISPR perturbations of ... - Nature.com - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Expanding the toolbox for RNA editing | ASU News - ASU News Now - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Electrical Engineer Named MIT Technology Review Innovator Under ... - University of California San Diego - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Can we rely on our 'moral force-field' to stop cloning going too far? - The National - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Otsuka Collaborates with ShapeTX for Development of AAV Gene ... - Pharmaceutical Technology Magazine - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Cancer discovery earns U of A grad the Breakthrough Prize - University of Alberta - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- The Brave New World of synthetic humans | Gne Taylor - IAI - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Targeting Tumors with Photosynthetic Bacteria - Optics & Photonics News - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Artificial Photosynthesis Breakthrough Researchers Produce ... - SciTechDaily - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- BASF patent on watermelons upheld: European Patent Office rejects ... - Bio Eco Actual - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Space Industry Is Growing Faster Than Its Workforce, Analysts Say - Slashdot - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- New 'Inverse Vaccine' Shows Potential to Treat MS and Other ... - Slashdot - September 17th, 2023 [September 17th, 2023]
- Gene therapy: Donor DNA may protect babies from certain disorders - Medical News Today - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Viewpoint: Grim consequences of Greenpeace's war on ... - Genetic Literacy Project - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Predicting Diabetic Kidney Disease with the Use of a Novel Algorithm - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Quantum biology on horizon? How futuristic physics theory could ... - Study Finds - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Scientists can collect human DNA from water, air, and basically ... - Earth.com - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- The First Crispr-Edited Salad Is Here - WIRED - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Gene editing technology used to produce disease-resistant calf - Earth.com - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Neanderthals passed down their tall noses to modern humans ... - Livescience.com - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Squid Camouflage Inspires Human Invisibility: Is it Possible? - DISCOVER Magazine - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Mice Model Technologies Market Poised for 7.4% CAGR Growth, Reaching USD 3.2 Bn by 2031 | Transparency Market Research - Yahoo Finance - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Google Cloud launches A.I.-powered tools to accelerate drug discovery, precision medicine - CNBC - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- How Fauci, scientists with ties to Wuhan lab persuaded the ... - U.S. Right to Know - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- The Daunting Task of Cutting Heavy Metals from Baby Food - Undark Magazine - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- Ingestible Device Profiles and Peers into the Microbiome and ... - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- X-Men Officially Names the Best Powers Any Mutant Can Have - Screen Rant - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- 10 Forgotten Marvel Comics Characters That Debuted In The '80s - Screen Rant - May 18th, 2023 [May 18th, 2023]
- 18 Human Genetic Engineering - Clemson University - April 19th, 2023 [April 19th, 2023]
- Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering - Benefits and Risks - March 31st, 2023 [March 31st, 2023]
- What is Genetic Engineering? Types, Process & Applications - March 31st, 2023 [March 31st, 2023]
- How artificial skin is made and its uses, from treating burns to skin cancer - South China Morning Post - March 31st, 2023 [March 31st, 2023]
- Welcome to the UNC Department of Genetics | Department of Genetics - February 5th, 2023 [February 5th, 2023]
- Global Genetically Modified Crops Market Is Projected To Grow At A 6% Rate Through The Forecast Period - EIN News - February 5th, 2023 [February 5th, 2023]
- Science and History of GMOs and Other Food Modification Processes - February 2nd, 2023 [February 2nd, 2023]
- Genetics | History, Biology, Timeline, & Facts | Britannica - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Human genetics | Description, Chromosomes, & Inheritance - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Genetic testing - Mayo Clinic - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Genetic Disorders: What Are They, Types, Symptoms & Causes - January 31st, 2023 [January 31st, 2023]
- Colossal Biosciences Project to Revive the Prehistoric Woolly Mammoth Raises Staggering $60 Million Series A Funding - Nature World News - January 22nd, 2023 [January 22nd, 2023]
- 2023 is going to witness a surge in technology courses top courses that will remain in vogue - Times of India - January 22nd, 2023 [January 22nd, 2023]
- M.R.S. Rao birthday: All you need to know about the Padma Shri winning Indian scientist - Free Press Journal - January 22nd, 2023 [January 22nd, 2023]
- Russian cosmism - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- Postgenderism - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- LessWrong - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- Eliezer Yudkowsky - Wikipedia - January 8th, 2023 [January 8th, 2023]
- Genetic Engineering Principles of Biology - December 26th, 2022 [December 26th, 2022]
- Genetic Engineering Science Projects - Science Buddies - December 21st, 2022 [December 21st, 2022]
- DSI adoption at COP15 can financially help protect biodiversity in India: Experts - The Tribune India - December 21st, 2022 [December 21st, 2022]
- Tel Aviv University researchers demonstrate success of potential one-time vaccine to treat HIV/AIDS - ETHealthWorld - December 21st, 2022 [December 21st, 2022]
- Should You Buy 22nd Century Group Inc (XXII) Stock After it Has Risen 14.29% in a Week? - InvestorsObserver - October 28th, 2022 [October 28th, 2022]
- Home :: National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- A recently discovered law of physics could help predict genetic mutations - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Farmers, consumers will embrace GMOs if they understand them - The Standard - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Synthetic Biology Market is Expected to Report a CAGR of ~21% from 2021 to 2029: Industry Size, Growth & Forecast at Douglas Insights - Yahoo... - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- After 45 years of science-based art, Esther Klein Gallery winds down - WHYY - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Behind this Nobel prize is a very human story: theres a bit of Neanderthal in all of us - The Guardian - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- The key to tastier beer might be mutant yeastwith notes of banana - Popular Science - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Why You'll Probably Never See Cotton Candy Grape Wine - Tasting Table - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Earth materials in technology The National - The National - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- CULINARY THRILL SEEKING Proceed with caution. It's hotter than blazes season. - Port Arthur News - The Port Arthur News - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Give legal rights to animals, trees and rivers, say experts - The Guardian - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- How yeast DNA may help protect astronauts from cosmic radiation in space - EastMojo - October 11th, 2022 [October 11th, 2022]
- Life finds a way, but should it? The ethics of genetic engineering - The Trinitonian - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- To modify or not to modify? Genetic Modification and Gene Editing - A divergence by the UK - Lexology - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Gene Therapy Hits Its Stride in the Clinic - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- GWAS, MWAS and mGWAS provide insights into precision agriculture based on genotype-dependent microbial effects in foxtail millet - Nature.com - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Making Sense of the Latest Apple-iPhone News - The Motley Fool - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Gene therapy brings hope to people with sickle cell, HIV - Monitor - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- GMO: Everything you need to know about lifting ban - FarmKenya Initiative - The Standard - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Century Therapeutics to Present at the SITC 37th Annual Meeting - Yahoo Finance - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Cultured meat could help solve the climate crisis. Heres what it will take to move it from the lab to the dinner table - Fortune - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Poseida Therapeutics to Present Trial in Progress Poster for Phase 1 P-MUC1C-ALLO1 Study at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Annual Meeting -... - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Explained: How scientists engineered mosquitoes that will cut the transmission of malaria - Firstpost - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Here Are the Biggest Health Industry News Items of 2022 So Far - DocWire News - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]
- Microbiologists Improve the Flavor of Beer - Technology Networks - October 8th, 2022 [October 8th, 2022]