Category Archives: Polygamy

It is not every day that a UFC fighter outs himself as a polygamist.

During a recent interview with the Let Me Interrupt You YouTube channel, Zhalgas Zhumagulov revealed that he is currently married to two different women.

Yes, I have two wivestwo wives and six children, Zhumagulov said.

Polygamy is the practice of having more than one spouse at the same time. Polygyny is when a man is married to multiple wives at a time, and polyandry refers to when a woman is married to multiple husbands. Some societies tolerate or encourage the practice, while others have outlawed it. In some cases, religious views factor into the decision, with Roman Catholics condemning polygamy, while Islam allows men to take up to four concurrent wives.

In the United States, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Mormons practiced polygamy from 1847 to 1857. The U.S. government made polygamy illegal in response to the LDS Church, and it remains unlawful across all 50 states.

Though polygamy is technically illegal in Kazakhstan since the Soviet authorities banned it a century ago, the practice has been decriminalized since 1998 and is widely accepted among elites and powerful politicians. And while there are no official statistics on how widespread polygamy is in Kazakhstan, one unofficial poll suggested that nearly 40 percent of males were in favor of polygamy.

When asked whether it was difficult to live with two wives, the 33-year-old flyweight noted that he has gotten used to it.

In principle, its normal. At first there were challenges but now everything is fine.

After losing his first two UFC fights, Zhumagulov earned an elusive victory in June when he defeated fellow flyweight Jerome Rivera by submission in the opening round. Asked about the fight during the interview, Zhumagulov noted that he has a strategy when considering which of his wives to return to after the fight.

Well, where did I leave from? If I left, for example, from my second wife, I go to the first. If I left the first, I go to the second. A day here, a day there.

Zhumagulov was knocked out by Manel Kape over the weekend at UFC Vegas 44.

The rest is here:

UFC fighter outs himself as a polygamist with two wives and six children - Bloody Elbow

This article was published on June 15, 1933. Read the story in the Macleans archive.

One hundred years ago, on Dec. 6, 1921, Agnes Macphail became the first woman elected to the House of Commons. This wry Macleans profile, written by Charles Vining under the pseudonym of R.T.L., gives a glimpse of how she was perceived a dozen years into her political career.

Miss Agnes Macphail was born in a log cabin, but has not yet become Prime Minister.

She spent the first fourteen years of her life on a farm in Grey County, Ontario, and looks back upon that period as being almost as bad as her last twelve years in Ottawa.

Her opinion of Parliament is that a great deal of trouble and expense could be eliminated by letting most of the Members stay at home and merely supply Ottawa with rubber stamps of their signatures.

She is a Latter Day Saint, a C. C. F., an inflationist, a free-trader, a central banker, an anti-militarist, and has often said so.

She would probably be a Liberal if the Liberal party were not so conservative.

She found it necessary to define her Latter Day Saintship when she first went to Ottawa because it had been rumored erroneously that she believed in polygamy. It is now well established that she is sceptical of matrimony even in its simplest form.

She disposes of past romances by declaring that no woman with any pep reaches the age of thirty without having had proposals of marriage.

She is forty-odd years old now, and doesnt care who knows it.

When she was nineteen she secured a position as school-teacher at Kinloss, Ontario. She has admitted that she used to dance all night whenever she got the chance, although she does not enlarge on this to Mr. Woodsworth.

After that she became ill for a year and moved out to a school in Alberta, where she acquired a supply of fresh air and new ideas.

***

She brought these back east to another school at Sharon, a community not far from Toronto and chiefly inhabited at that time by political economists known as United Farmers of Ontario.

She completely recovered her health in this atmosphere, attracted attention by being rude to the Drayton Tariff Commission in 1920, and got her start in politics by writing a letter to the editor of the Farmers Sun, who has never completely recovered from the shock.

She won her first election in 1921 by a personal expenditure of $200 and a series of sharp remarks.

The election later proved to be expensive, however, as she felt obliged to return $6,000 of her Parliamentary indemnity during the next four years in order to keep a campaign promise.

She prides herself on always saying what she thinks, but occasionally has overlooked the importance of thinking what she says.

She barely squeezed through with a majority of 243 in the last election, but expects to have no trouble at all in the next one.

She describes the depression as a transition from one economic era to another, but has not yet disclosed how long the interval will last.

Among her major difficulties are keeping quiet, getting homesick, and having to listen to professional politicians.

She is suspicious of people who are nice to her, and dangerous to people who arent.

She says that C. C. F. means Come Comrades, Forward; which indicates that she had better let somebody else give the party its campaign slogan.

She would rather make an epigram than be right, and sometimes she has.

In her first few years of Parliament she was described by one of the more cultured members as an ignorant little schoolteacher, and by Mr. Hector Charlesworth as pert, shallow and misinformed.

***

Since those days she has been Canadian delegate to the League of Nations and a member of the Leagues Disarmament Commission, and is now in danger of becoming a person of national importance.

She once said that Toronto has an odd mentalitya statement remarkable only for its extreme restraint.

Two of her early ambitions were to serve her constituents and to learn French, the latter being an aspiration once cherished by Senator Meighen, who now best understands the kind of French that Mr. Bennett speaks.

She has discovered that the House of Commons is one of the nicest clubs in the country, and that much of the business of government is conducted in the Chteau Laurier.

If she had her way she would abolish the Senate, except perhaps the Right Honorable George P. Graham.

She once danced with Mr. Henry Ford, at Dearborn, Michigan, and subsequently described him as being somewhat like Mr. Vincent Massey, a comparison which fails to make clear which gentleman, if either, she intended to compliment.

The family name is MacPhail but she spells it Macphail. which once led an undiscerning critic to suggest that it should be Macphailure.

She has never been afraid of anyone, and sometimes would rather like to be.

She has not yet learned that a politician should never write a letter dealing with any subject except the weather, but of course she is not a politician except at election time.

She believes that newspapers, except the Farmers Sun, are in some sort of capitalistic conspiracy to start another war, and she intends to stop it.

She has blue eyes, black hair and a sharp temper.

If one half the members of the House of Commons had one half her rectitude and moral courage, the others would not matter so much.

Read the original post:

This 1933 profile of Agnes Macphail captures how the first woman MP was perceived - Macleans.ca

Porsha Williams fianc, Simon Guobadia, comes from a long line of polygamy.

The 57-year-old businessman revealed during the premiere of Porshas Family Matters on Sunday that his grandfather had 25 wives.

I come from a family where there was abundant love, but there wasnt enough to go around, Guobadia told Williams while out to dinner.

The former Real Housewives of Atlanta star, 40, then offered an explanation Because there were so many kids, so many wives before asking, How many wives?

Guobadia responded with a smirk, Grandaddy? 25. He then said his father had just two wives.

Where I come from, theres nothing abnormal about having different women, the Nigeria native added. As a matter of fact, theres women from my part of the country that tell their husbands, You can have one side bitch. And from time to time, the wife and the side bitch get together and make sure theres not another side bitch.

Williams made it clear to her fianc at the dinner that she did not approve of that philosophy. She then asked him whether hes ever cheated, to which he replied, Of course, everybody has cheated.

Viewers immediately took to social media to express why Williams should be concerned over Guobadias comments.

Simon told porsha that his Grandfather had 25 wives, Simon said that in his culture the wife allows 1 side bitch. Simon has had 3 wives. Run Forrest! Run! one person tweeted.

Another cautioned, Regardless of how many weeks it was & even if it were months, ITS TOO SOON PORSHA!!! Get to know him: 4 wives 5 kids Grandpa had 25 wives Dad had 2 wives.

Williams and Guobadia confirmed they were engaged in May.

Our relationship began a month agoyes we are crazy in love, the reality star wrote on Instagram at the time. I know its fast but we are living life each day to its fullest. I choose happiness every morning and every night.

Tuning out all negative energy and only focused on positive wishes. He makes me so happy and to me, that is what matters most.

Guobadia had just gotten out of his marriage to former RHOA cast member Falynn Guobadia at the time, but their divorce was eventually finalized in July.

Simon hasdenied being unfaithfulto Falynn, 32, and even offered $50,000 in cash to anyone with receipts of his infidelity.

Williams, for her part, has been married once before. She and former NFL player Kordell Stewart divorced in 2013 after two years of marriage. She was then engaged off and on to Dennis McKinley, with whom she shares a 2-year-old daughter, Pilar.

Read the original:

Porsha Williams' fianc Simon Guobadia's grandfather had 25 wives - Page Six

Change is inevitable. This is as well true for human relationships which have been highly dynamic since the beginning of time. Traditions are flourishing and perishing, so are the ideas associated with marriage and relationships.

Today, we have many options of non-monogamous relationships to choose from that are flexible unlike earlier times. But before jumping into how these trends of relationships came into existence let us know why relationships till date were monogamous in the first place.

There is no definite answer to whether humans are meant to be monogamous or not but they are definitely not of monogamous origin. It is a social concept that later came into being and evolved over time so much so that it is now considered as the only form of legal marriage in most countries and cultures.

Hence the idea that two people must be exclusively together in a large part is a socially constructed concept.

It is interesting to note that polyandry ceased to be in practice much prior to that of polygyny. The reason behind this difference is partly biological and mostly socio-cultural.

Biologically, there are various factors such as parental-care, resource access, partner choice and sexual dimorphism that favor monogamy over polygamy.

Speaking in terms of the cultural context, it all started when humans started acquiring land and practicing agriculture. This led to the sexual division of labor and distribution of property among men. Societies became highly patrilineal.

In order to ensure that the property is inherited by the legitimate male successor, polyandry had to be stopped. It was further discouraged as the concept of religion evolved that labelled certain acts such as women being involved with multiple partners, immoral.

Indian societies witnessed widespread inequality by means of polygyny throughout centuries until the British banned polygamy entirely.

In the 21st century however we are coming across various practices of polyamory, open relationships and other non-monogamous relationships popularized by the west(quite ironically). The phrase open relationships was first coined in 1972 and popularized with the publication of Open Marriage: A New Life Style for Couples by the late George and Nena ONeil.

Canada-based therapist Susan Wenzel in her book, A Happy Life in an Open Relationship defines an open relationship as such: An open relationship is an arrangement wherein a couple decides to include experiences with other people often for sexual pleasure.

Open relationships do not encourage emotional attachment with external partners. Some people in open relationships prefer onetime sexual experiences or several dates, but ensure they do not become romantically involved with these additional sexual partners. A couple in an open relationship always prioritizes their primary relationship.

An open relationship is thus ironically to polyamory as in the latter the concept of multiple love exists with no single lover being prioritized.

Modern couples are shifting from the made-for-each-other mindset to the more-the-merrier mindset. But is this mindset really as modern as it seems?

All the forms of non-monogamous relationships seen today are by large a comeback of the age-old system of polygamy practiced in early societies with a few exceptions.

Unlike ancient times, when polygamy was a natural impulse, today such practices manifest the freedom of not binding ones love life as per certain criteria of the society, which is a progressive move. It further challenges patriarchy and the concept that women should be chaste and exclusive.

It thereby creates a space for gender equality which was absent in earlier Indian societies where a married woman was considered the sole property of the husband (but not vice-versa).

The liberal side of such relationships is progressive. However, at the same time monogamy shouldnt be labelled as outdated and there should be room for choice.

However, what is not so progressive is its self-centered nature. As individual beings, we have learnt to prioritize ourselves over the well being of the people around us. We tend to overlook the structure of kinship and ignore the emotions of our other halves. It is important to note that an open relationship simply allows affairs outside the primary relationship.

It does not necessitate the willingness of both the partners to entangle into such affairs at the same time with the same intensity. This creates an imbalance and jealousy so much so that the true essence of a conjugal life is lost.

This is largely true as human relationships are more than just physical intimacy. Such non-monogamous relationships are thus not a means to challenge social traditions but to bring back the old traditions that were abolished for the sake of bringing order in society and peace in individual minds.

What are your views on this? Let us know in the comments down below!

Sources: Bustle, New York Times, Opra Daily

Image Source: Google Images

Connect with the blogger: @ParomaDey

This post is tagged under monogamy, polygamy, polygyny, polyamory, non-monogamy, open relationships, open marriage, George ONeil, Nina ONeil, Open Marriage: A New Life Style for Couples, Susan Wenzel

ED VoxPop: What Does Gen-Z Think About The Rise In Polyamorous Relationships?

More here:

Are Polyamory And Open Relationships Really Progressive? - edtimes.in

Today is November 25, the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. This day also marks the beginning of the 16 days of Activism against Gender-based Violence that lasts till December 10.

On the very occasion, Onlinekhabar recently talked with Nepal Police Inspector Anu Lama, the chief of Women, Children and Senior Citizen Service Center (WCSC) of Nepal Police, formerly known as Women Cell, that was established in 1996 to combat all forms of inhumane acts against women, children and senior citizens to review the overall status of violence against women in the country and police efforts to minimise them.

Excerpts

Youhave to deal with multiple cases of violence against women every day. How do you, as a woman, feel about it?

We have to deal with cases including rape, polygamy, child marriage, domestic violence, harassment, and attempted rape. As a woman, handling these cases every day makes me really sad and sometimes frustrated. I sometimes even question if there are any effects of social campaigning against violence against women.

This is interesting. There is campaigning, but news reports and other official reports show that cases of violence against women have increased every year. What does this mean?

Of course, the crime and complaint rates are directly proportional to population growth. With the increasing population, the surge in crime and complaints is natural. Besides, I also feel people have become more aware now, thanks to awareness campaigns and increased literacy rates.

Women are now empowered both mentally and financially. Women now know their rights that they should not tolerate such violence and are not confined to living with the abuser anymore. Therefore, they freely lodge complaints against the abuser now.

I dont see an increase in the number of complaints about violence against women as a problem. In the past also, there happened different forms of violence against women, but they remained unreported. The survivors remained suppressed and quiet, tolerating everything as they were neither aware nor independent.

Also, along with development, the lifestyle of people changed, but their mindset has remained traditional, which is also contributing to the rising violence cases, especially of domestic violence. This is directly linked to foreign employment, which is leading to extramarital affairs, polygamy, domestic violence and a lot of other crimes.

So, how does your organisation make the survivors comfortable sharing and dealing with their problems?

Women, children and senior citizens are among the most vulnerable groups in our society, hence we all work in civvies to make them comfortable enough to share their problems with us.

Survivors can not freely open up in front of policewomen even when they are in uniform because one woman can understand another womans problem. With the same mindset, this women cell was started. As women, we prioritise such cases and listen to them sensitively. In order to develop trust in us, we follow the formula of talking less and listening to more, and we have empathy rather than sympathy. We provide them with legal counselling and necessary support accordingly.

Among the complaints of violence against women registered, the cases of domestic violence dominate the list, covering about 80 per cent. Out of that, only about 20 per cent of cases make it to the court and all others cases are settled here itself. Apart from that, rape, child marriage and polygamy cases are reported.

Why do only a few cases of violence against women, especially those of domestic violence, reach the court?

If a complaint is lodged here for the first time, we usually summon both the accused and complainant, who are usually husband and wife in case of domestic violence. At first, we act as a mediator between them and try to resolve the things between them here itself as the quarrel between husbands and wives is a regular affair. Many times, people tend to register a complaint in the heat of the moment.

However, if the same complainant repeatedly comes with the same case, we take the case to the court.

To be precise, once a complaint is filed, the case remains in our cell for a month. During that time, we give both the complainant and accused four dates to try settlement, counsel them if there is any environment of settling again, allow them and their family members to have healthy discussions with each other inside and outside the cell.

If they decide to settle the case during this time, the case ends here. But, if they do not find any solution, we go through legal procedures. Some cases of violence against women remain pending also because they just lodge the complaint and do not follow up or comply with our procedure.

Who reports most of the cases? Survivors or witnesses or others?

It depends from case to case. For instance, in the case of a minor girl being raped, her guardian reports the case. If not that, different organisations working against violence against women or on other gender issues report such cases. As police cannot reach each and every place, they approach us.

That does not necessarily mean there is no crime in the places where police have not reached. Crime can take place anywhere, inside closed doors to public areas. Hence, witnesses also report such cases of violence against women. Survivors also come here to lodge complaints.

Then, who, the complainant or accused, generally propose settlements in cases of violence against women?

We counsel both of the parties. Naturally, the accused usually proposes settlement, stating I will not repeat such things from now onwards and I will change my habits.

Especially, in cases of polygamy, the complainants are tried to be made hostile and also pressurised to take back the case.

Personally, what do you think of settling the cases of violence against women without taking them to the court?

I think in cases such as child marriage, rape, attempted rape, polygamy, and others, there should not be any kind of settlement. In any case that has already reached the court, there should be no place for settlement.

However, regarding the matter between a husband and a wife, if the complaint is filed for the first time, I believe we should settle the matter as far as possible. Otherwise, the quarrels could lead to divorce and if a couple decide to separate, it majorly harms the growth of their child.

To conclude, why is the country failing to prevent violence against women?

All the stakeholders including the government, Nepal Police, local governments, and non-governmental organisations are continuously working for preventing gender-based violence. But still, many people are not aware at the community level. Patriarchy has a major role to play here and it is directly connected to power. Men are considered powerful in our society, and it is human nature that powerful ones tend to suppress the weaker group, which adds to the cases of gender-based violence.

Most of the campaigns organised by the governmental or non-governmental sectors are usually targeted at educated or aware people who are vulnerable groups. Isnt it necessary to upgrade this approach and also bring change in the potential abusers and abusers?

Yes, I always insist on campaigners organising campaigns on violence against women to encourage mens participation as well. Women by now already know a lot about such violence, in fact, some of them are already experiencing it. So, the priority should be focused on the probable abusers or abusers as they should know what they are doing is violence and punishable by law, and they should not be doing it.

Gender-based violence survivors are rarely accepted by society. No matter how empowered they have become, many of them struggle to make a space in society. How can this problem be solved?

What I believe is that society has to come out of the traditional mindset as the problem is in the society. For this, all should come together and work to increase the awareness at the community level and educate them

Are the roles played by police as of now enough for preventing rising cases of violence against women?

Police play multiple roles in this, starting from the role of information collector, mediator, counsellor, investigator, awareness campaigner and also a bridge to access justice. Yet, it is not enough because technology-based violence is also increasing day by day. It is a time to take diverse approaches to handle such cases and not only the police but other stakeholders should also get involved.

Police, moreover, should be ready to handle all types of complaints and crimes, which is a great challenge currently. We still function in a traditional way, but criminals have gone far away in terms of the use of technology.

But, it is more important that all people should have at least minimal knowledge of the law regarding violence against women and all other forms of violence.

More here:

Violence against women: Why a rise in the number of complaints is not a problem in Nepal - Online Khabar (English)

Sister Wives is an American reality show which is back with its sixteenth season. Season 16 of the show was premiered on November 21, 2021,onTLC. This reality show is about a family that is residing in Utah. Kody Brown, who is a polygamist, along with his four wives and eighteen children of theirs, are the ones whose lives are shown on the reality show.

As we can decipher from the number of seasons of the show that how much the audience is so intrigued to know about all the happenings, and therefore, episode 2 of season 16 of Sister Wives has been scheduled to be released on November 28,2021.

Episode 2 of the reality show Sister Wives season 16 will be released on November 28,2021. This season is back with a bang, and all the fans are eagerly waiting to know that finally, what will happen to Christine and Kodys relationship? Are they going to get separated? Well, this season is going to pick up the pace so keep reading this article to know all these details in one go.

You can watch the show onTLC. Also, thanks to all those OTT platforms, which have practically made our life easier because we can easily stream any of our favorite shows at any time and anywhere. Therefore, you can stream the episode on a large number of OTT platforms such as Xfinity, Fubo TV, Philo TV, Spectrum, DirecTV, Dish,andSling.

Episode 1 was released on November 21, 2021, and the episode began with Christine wanting to return to Utah. Polygamy was legally acceptable in Utah, and everyone was well aware of it. But other than her, no one wanted to leave Arizona and return to Utah.

Thus, her concerns were simply neglected. Even her husband, Kody Brown himself, was feeling very much at home in Arizona. Though he was instructed to stay in solitude still, he liked the way it was.

Later on, Kody felt a bit upset about the way he completely neglected Christines opinion. Thus, he further made attempts to sort things out with her. He even asked Janelle that if they could relocate back. To this, Janelle was not at all in favor of this thought because it is a very tiring job to relocate again and make all those attempts and efforts to make her children get adjusted there.

Everyone out there had different opinions. Janelle was having a great time in Arizona as she could do all those things which she had always wanted to do. On the other hand, Christine is so adamant that she wants to relocate. It was more like Robyn and Kodys relationship was not in the best shape. Kody even left Meri to take care of herself because, in the last season, it seemed like their marriage was practically over.

The main person who is to be blamed for all these is Kody because it was caused because of his personality that he loves to wanders. Even though he gives it thought about relocating, but it will be the place where parents of Robyn are residing.

Read more from the original source:

Sister Wives Season 16 Episode 2: November 28 Release, Where To Watch and What To Know Before Watching? - Gizmo Story

Mzansis most-loved polygamy reality TV show, uThando Nesthembu, continues to leave its viewers in dismay as the topic of taking on a new wife and growing the Mseleku name by having more children keeps arising, causing unnecessary drama and tension between Musa Mselekus wives.

Thursday evenings episode saw Mseleku and his four wives sit in a meeting with the king in their community to discuss Mselekus last will and testament.

The king made it clear that just like any man, Musa should definitely have a will in place for when he passes on, and he also said if he does not want to keep the will in his lawyers possession, then he can give it to the king who will keep it safe for him.

The meeting then progressed onto the topic of children, which stirred some tension between the wives and their husband.

ALSO READ: uThando Nesthembu: Sometimes tradition is used to justify nonsense

Traditionally, the sons of a household are usually the ones who take care of the household once they reach a certain age, and that is why it is important for each household to have at least one boy child.

Musas first two wives, MaCele and MaYeni, both have two sons while MaNgwabe gave birth to only girls, and MaKhumalo has not yet been able to have children of her own.

During the meeting, Musa and the king mentioned that it would be ideal for one of MaCele and MaYenis sons to move into the homes of the other two wives.

Annoyed by that notion, MaCele said she could not agree with that.

She also pointed out that because she has the oldest son, he has always had the responsibility of taking care of all the other households when his father is not around, and she has been unhappy about that for many years.

The meeting ended off with MaCele becoming emotional and annoyed at the topic, leading to her storming out of the meeting.

Viewers were once again angered at the fact that MaKhumalo was being reminded that she does not have children, and they felt that there was no need for her to be present in the meetings, seeing as though she could not relate to the topic at hand.

Read this article:

uThando Nesthembu: What Musa is doing to MaKhumalo is emotional abuse - Citizen

Massachusetts rules about wedding relationship designation, assistant regarding the Commonwealth. Used toDining table of materials

MGL c.207: relationships. Certain areas of interest:

Collins v. Guggenheim , 417 bulk. 615 (1994). The Court conducted that cohabitation in Massachusetts will not produce the commitment of wife and husband into the lack of a formal solemnization of marriage [and] the occurrences associated with marital relationship [do maybe not] attach to an arrangement of cohabitation. common-law marriage isnt respected in Massachusetts.

Commonwealth v. Lane, 113 Mass. 458 (1873). The court conducted that we typically offer recognition to out-of-State marriages under maxims of comity, even in the event these types of marriages was restricted here, unless the marriage violates Massachusetts community policy, such as polygamy, consanguinity and attraction.

Elia-Warnken v. Elia, 463 Size. 29 (2012). The great Judicial Court recognized a Vermont municipal union while the equivalent of relationships in Commonwealth under maxims of comity.

Parton v. Hervey , 67 size. 119 (1854) conversation associated with legitimacy of marriage of minors above the ages of consent without adult consent.

Shea v. Cameron, 92 Bulk. Software. Ct. 731 (2018) a declare of fake inducement to marriage is actually barred by center Balm Act (act), G. L. c. 207, 47A.

One-day matrimony designation, Secretary of this Commonwealth. Used to posses a buddy or friend perform the service.

Marriage without delay/Marriage of minors (CJD 430). Bulk. Probate meet an inmate com and Household Courtroom Department. used to request waiver regarding the required 3 time prepared course and/or affirmation for lesser to get married. Read also: guidelines for marriage without delay-Marriage of minors

Fiance & relationship visas: a couple ofs guide to U.S. immigration, Nolo, 2019 has information on visas, eco-friendly notes, earnings demands, getting ready the papers and much more. Demands no-cost library cards for accessibility.

Getting married in Massachusetts: prior to the wedding ceremony, Mass.gov, 2017. Discusses the basics of all things you need to know, including who are able to marry, who is going to run the wedding, and necessary papers.

Getting hitched in Massachusetts, Gay and Lesbian supporters and Defenders (GLAD), July 2015 Written for same-sex people, but the processes tend to be similar for every couples. Evident more information. Consists of information on how to change your surname.

Justices associated with serenity: overview of tasks Compiled by any office from the Massachusetts Governor, explains the projects of a fairness from the serenity in performing a wedding, including the type of the ceremony, allowed charge, and much more.

Massachusetts legal impediments to marriage, Bulk. Registry of public information and stats produces a list of which may well not marry whom in Massachusetts.

Purchasing a delivery, marriage, or demise certificate, Mass. Registry of public record information and data details on acquiring duplicates of wedding documents

Premarital agreement legislation in Massachusetts, Charles P. Kindregan Jr., December 3, 2012 This report provides an overview of the drafting and employ of premarital or prenuptial contracts in Massachusetts.

LexisNexis rehearse instructions: Massachusetts parents law, LexisNexis, 2021. Section 1: relationships: this part protects who may enter into a wedding, the appropriate needs of a wedding, annulments and same gender marriages in Massachusetts.

Lindy and Parley on divorce agreements and antenuptial deals, Matthew Bender, loose-leaf, 1999 with recent supplement. Contains information about prenuptial contracts.

Massachusetts exercise v.1-3 (families laws and practice) fourth ed., Thomson Reuters, 2013 with present pills. Sections 17-22: what the law states of matrimony.

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Massachusetts rules about wedding relationship designation, assistant regarding the Commonwealth. Used to - ADOTAS

Polygamy is legal under certain circumstances in South Africa. All polygamous marriages entered into in accordance with the provisions of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act are legal. The husband in an existing customary marriage wishing to marry a second wife must apply to a competent court for such a marriage to be legal. Hence former President Jacob Zuma currently has four legally-recognised wives. The court considers the interests of all parties to the marriage and may add whatever conditions the court deems just for the polygamous marriage to be valid under customary law. Polygamous marriages are not allowed under the Marriage Act and the Civil Unions Act.

A person married under the Civil Union Act which allows same-sex couples to marry, may not enter into marriage with a second partner until the existing marriage is dissolved. Therefore only men are allowed to marry more than one spouse of the opposite sex at the same time.

South African traditionalists have been well known to practice polygamy and the topic has been a serious political issue in the past several years, especially in the 2009 elections. Many of the indigenous Bantu peoples, both Christians and Indigenous, are polygamous. Islamic South Africans such as are found among the Cape Malays, Cape Coloureds, and Indian South Africans also allow for polygamy.

Jacob Zuma, the former president of South Africa, is a self-proclaimed polygamist. He has been married five times, and is currently married to four different women. He has reportedly fathered 20 children among his wives and mistresses.[1][2]

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Polygamy in South Africa - Wikipedia

More than a thousand years after the Viking Age drew to a close, theres still a lot we dont know about these seafaring Norse warriors, who explored territory from the furthest reaches of Russia to the earliest settlement in North America and left a lasting mark on the lands and peoples they encountered.

Now, archaeologists are attempting to piece together a clearer picture of one of the darker aspects of the Viking world: slavery.

Historical accounts make it clear that when they raided coastal towns from the British Isles to the Iberian Peninsula, the Vikings took thousands of men, women and children captive, and held or sold them as slavesor thralls, as they were called in Old Norse. According to one estimate, slaves might have comprised as much as 10 percent of the population of Viking-era Scandinavia.

While hard evidence in the archaeological record may be scarce, what seems clear is that slavery played an important part in the Viking way of life, as in many societies both before and since. In fact, the desire for slaves might have been one of the main reasons Vikings began raiding in the first place.

Many of these slaves came from the British Isles and Eastern Europe. In one historical account of Viking-era slavery, an early-medieval Irish chronicle known as The Annals of Ulster, described a Viking raid near Dublin in A.D. 821, in which they carried off a great number of women into captivity.

This is one of numerous written sources referring to slavery in the Viking world, which include historical chronicles produced within northern European monasteriesoften by people who were the victim of Viking attacks. Other sources emerged from the Arab world, including the account of the 10th-century geographer Ibn Hawqual, who in A.D. 977 wrote of a Viking slave trade that extended across the Mediterranean from Spain to Egypt.

Shackles from the Viking-Age town of Birka, Sweden (top left), Neu Niekhr, Germany (bottom left), and Trelleborg, Slagelse, Denmark (right).

Christer hlin/Swedish Historical Museum; Ben Raffield

These sources provide very clear indications that Viking raiding groups are engaging in slaving activity, says Ben Raffield, an archaeologist at Swedens Uppsala University who is conducting research on the Viking slave trade as part of the Viking Phenomenon project.

In contrast to the wealth of historical and literary evidence for Viking-era slavery, actual archaeological proof remains relatively sparse. In an article published in the journal Slavery & Abolition in April 2019, Raffield detailed what has been discovered so far, starting with a collection of iron collars and shackles found at several sites thought to be Viking slave trading hubs, like Dublin (Ireland), Birka (Sweden), and Hedeby (Denmark).

Though its been suggested the objects could have been used for restraining animals, rather than humans, Raffield argues that their presence in these urban centers (rather than rural areas), as well as their concentration near the harbors tends to support their use on slaves. They look strikingly similar to all kinds of restraints that have been used on humans throughout history, from antiquity to the early modern period, he says.

Aside from the collection of restraints, researchers have discovered what may be evidence of slave quartersan arrangement of smaller houses surrounding a large house at Sanda, a Viking site in Sweden. The few that have been excavated seem to have been used for crafting activities, things like textile making, Raffield says. They strangely look quite similar to what you see in the United States in the antebellum period.

Scholars have long wondered why the Vikings suddenly emerged as a formidable raiding force in the late eighth century, starting with their attack on the Christian monastery of Lindisfarne, located on the northeast coast of England, in A.D. 793.

The answer might have been a need for foreign slave labor to help build their enormous fleets of ships and produce the textiles for their sails. Raffield and his colleagues see the desire to take slaves as a possible motivating factor behind the Viking expansion. Fleets of hundreds of ships [were] sailing out of Scandinavia in the 9th century, he says. We wonder whether you would need a new labor force to produce the materials you need to do that.

Slaveswho could also be traded at international marketsmay have represented another type of resource for the Vikings, too. Evidence suggests Vikings often targeted women and girls in their raids, suggesting the existence of sexual slavery, as well as intermarriage. There are also indications thatVikings practiced polygamy, which in their highly stratified society would have meant that poorer unmarried men might have had limited access to women, and would have targeted female slaves as concubines (or even wives).

DNA mapping of the modern Icelandic population found that up to two-thirds of Icelands female founding population had Gaelic origins (either Ireland or Scotland) while only one-third had Nordic roots. The reverse was true for the male population, suggesting that many Nordic men in Iceland had children with women who were likely taken in raids from the British Isles.

Its also possible that in addition to sexual motives, Vikings might have targeted women as slaves because of their specific value as a source of skilled labor. Quite often in a slaving context, women are taken because in a lot of societies they are traditionally the people who produce high-value goods, says Raffield. A lot of people think if you wanted captives for labor, you would take men, but that's not necessarily the case. Textile working in Scandinavia, for example, is strongly associated with women.

Whatever motivated the Vikings to start taking slaves, evidence suggests they were often brutal with those who had the misfortune to be captured. In one study, research Anna Kjellstrm of Stockholm University examined the skeletal remains of presumed Viking-era slaves found in graves in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, and found that they showed signs of abuse and decapitation.

In some cases, the slaves were buried alongside their masters, suggesting they may have ended up as human sacrifices, and included with grave goods to accompany powerful Vikings into the afterlife.

While written sources provide strong evidence of slavery in the Viking world, the slaves themselveswhy they were taken, how they were transported, where and how they livedleft little trace on the archaeological record.

Raffield stresses the need to more fully excavate Viking sites where slaves are believed to have lived. Ultimately, there may be limits to how much well ever know about forced labor in the Viking Age, beyond the evidence gleaned from written sources and archaeological digs.

The thing about studying slavery and captivity is that these groups are often described in the archaeological literature as invisible, or unseen, Raffield cautions. Their movements are curtailed, they're denied of possessions, they're not always accorded formal habitationplaces to sleep, places to live. They're really hard to identify in the archaeological record.

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What We Know About Vikings and Slaves - HISTORY