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Category Archives: Neurotechnology

Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Experts Come Together In A Play Inspired By Advances In Neurotechnology – India Education Diary

Posted: January 2, 2023 at 6:23 am

Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Experts Come Together In A Play Inspired By Advances In Neurotechnology  India Education Diary

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Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Experts Come Together In A Play Inspired By Advances In Neurotechnology - India Education Diary

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Neurotechnologies: The Next Technology Frontier | IEEE Brain

Posted: December 18, 2022 at 2:59 pm

For millennia, the human brain has been a largely unexplored frontier. Relative to the whole of human history, studying, understanding, and influencing human thought and consciousness is a radically new endeavor. Only in the twenty-first century has science truly begun to progress far enough into the field of neuroscience for effective neurotechnologies to begin to take shape.

The implications of neurotechnologies for society are vast. From pharmaceuticals that improve quality of life, to brain imaging that revolutionizes our conception of human consciousness, neurotechnologies stand to change our understanding of ourselves and harness the power of the brain and nervous systems myriad functions to promote human thriving.

Although the layperson might not be familiar with the term neurotechnology, in fact these emerging technologies already affect many peoples everyday lives. Neurotechnologies have become widespread in medical contexts, but other uses are on the horizon.

Neurotechnology refers to any technology that provides greater insight into brain or nervous system activity, or affects brain or nervous system function. Neurotechnology can be used purely for research purposes, such as experimental brain imaging to gather information about mental illness or sleep patterns. It can also be used in practical applications to influence the brain or nervous system; for example, in therapeutic or rehabilitative contexts.

Broadly speaking, neurotechnology uses neural interfaces to read or write information into the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), or the autonomic nervous system (ANS). There are a number of methods to do this, both invasive and noninvasive.

Neurotechnologies fall into the following three categories:

Neurotechnology is already being practically applied in the medical and wellness industries, with many future implications for other contexts including education, workplace management, national security, and even sports. The following are some of the most prominent uses of neurotechnologies today:

Outside the field of neurotechnology, Pharmaceuticals are the most common form of neuro treatment in everyday life. They influence brain chemistry by modulating chemicals and hormones within the brain in situations where the subjects brain does not produce normal amounts of these chemicals on its own. Pharmaceuticals can help treat mental conditions such as depression and anxiety. Cell therapies are another emerging field. Cell therapy seeks to use stem cells to induce the brain to produce new cells in order to heal brain damage or disorders.

Research and development of neurotechnologies has the potential to change the human experience in multiple ways. These technologies could open a number of doors to enhanced mental and physical ability, once researchers are able to overcome neurotechnologys current limitations.

Currently, the greatest potential of neurotechnologies is in their ability to alleviate human suffering through enabling better treatments for mental and neurological disorders, movement disorders and sensory disorders. Innumerable people could benefit from treatments for as-yet unsolved neurological disorders like Alzheimers Disease and multiple sclerosis, as well as psychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder and phobias.

Beyond medical applications, neurotechnologies have the potential to elevate human experience and functioning in other ways. For example, these technologies could enhance human learning ability, boost physical performance, and enable efficiencies like brain-controlled devices.

In the future, neurotechnologies could potentially affect almost everyone in society at large. They could be used in applications like the following:

Neuromodulation technology, neuroprostheses technology, and BMI technology currently only have the capability to gather data over time. There is very limited continuous sensing, with limited means of modifying stimulation to the nervous system as needed based on neurofeedback.

This means neurotechnologies are, as yet, unable to perform autonomously and in synthesis with brain signals. Further research and development is needed in order to create a smooth-running closed-loop system that allows the technology to read, write, and modify brain signals simultaneously.

In many ways, neurotechnology is still in its infancy. Yet there is already great potential to use these technologies to positively influence brain activity for a variety of reasons, from disorder treatment and management to accelerated learning.

Although not a neurotechnology, pharmaceuticals are currently the most widely used therapy, with their ability to affect brain chemistry through blocking or stimulating the production of certain hormones that affect mood or cognition.

MRIs and other brain imaging technologies have provided researchers with important brain mapping information. These technologies are also used in clinical settings to measure brain activity based on blood flow or electromagnetic current.

Other neurotechnologies, such as neuromodulation technology, neuroprostheses technology, and BMI technology, have so far provided a rudimentary ability to read and write nervous system activity. However, these technologies require much development before they can be widely used in medical or other applications.

Researchers are currently working on closed-loop neurotechnology systems that can treat neurological, psychiatric and movement disorders. These systems may be able to restore physical movement after an injury or disease of the brain, provide neuroprosthetics or implants to cure neurological disorders like Parkinsons disease, treat memory disorders such as Alzheimers disease or dementia, and relieve psychiatric disorders that reduce quality of life.

Neurotechnology researchers are also focused on creating closed-loop technologies for general consumer applications. For example, next-generation neurotechnologies may be able to speed learning and information retention.

Neurotechnologies with better sensor capabilities are currently in development. Better sensors are important for two reasons: they will have the ability to generate immediate neurofeedback, and they will facilitate better understanding of the downstream effects of stimulation. This will aid researchers in developing more accurate models of how information travels downstream.

In addition, stimulation technologies currently have limited spatial and temporal selectivity. Researchers are currently developing stimulation technologies that can instantly respond to neurofeedback and self-modify as needed.

Overall, researchers are modifying closed-loop neurotechnology systems to be more responsive and autonomous so they can work in tandem with the subjects brain, responding to neurofeedback fluidly.

Since neurotechnologies affect the brainthe center of human consciousnessconsidering ethical and legal questions around agency is paramount. The ethics and legality of neurotechnology still has far to go, and must be a prime consideration moving forward.

Since neurotechnologies have to do with modifying human brain and nervous system activity, there are a number of ethical questions involved. In particular, potential subjects must be informed of the risks of neurotechnologies. Some neurotechnologies, such as intracranial electrode implantationplacing electrodes inside the skull in order to monitor seizureshold a high risk for the subject.

It is essential that researchers and clinicians communicate transparently with subjects in order to create realistic expectations for studies and procedures. In addition, subjects must have a realistic understanding of the potential benefits of a study or procedure for themselves or others.

Finally, neurotechnologies have the potential to influence or change a persons thought patterns or behavior, thus potentially influencing their essential identity. Neurotechnology researchers must weigh this potential to affect identity against the benefits of improved functioning or quality of life.

Safety and reliability are essential considerations when discussing the legal implications of neurotechnologies. Further research is needed in order to establish baseline parameters and expectations for minimal tissue damage, safe implementation techniques, and long-term safety in the use of neurotechnologies. It is also important to know if a device is performing as intended, and provide options to override the technology as needed. Researchers should be aware of these potential issues and consider them during product development.

In addition, data management is an important legal consideration in the neurotechnology field. There does not yet exist a standardized system for data security and privacy, such as guidelines for ownership of patient information, access to such data, and data sharing. Such a system needs to be developed in order to best stay in compliance with the law.

Although neurotechnologies come with ethical and legal risks, many researchers believe their potential to improve quality of life for millions or billions around the globe indicates that the benefits are likely to outweigh the risks.

For instance, in 2014 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched its Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative on the basis that neurotechnologies have the potential to launch a quantum leap in the understanding of brain function and disease. The NIH states its belief that this could facilitate more effective treatments for neurological, mental, and even substance abuse disorders among the global population.

Neurotechnology holds incredible potential to improve many aspects of human life, from treating debilitating diseases to improving efficiency, learning potential, and even physical prowess. However, neurotechnologies are still a relatively young development, and much is yet unknown about their full capabilities, as well as the ethical, legal, and societal implications they may have for society going forward.

To learn more about neurotechnologies, how they work, their applications, and future possibilities, we invite you to read the IEEE Brain white paper Future Neural Therapeutics.

Interested in becoming an IEEE member? Joining this community of over 420,000 technology and engineering professionals will give you access to the resources and opportunities you need to keep on top of changes in technology, as well as help you get involved in standards development, network with other professionals in your local area or within a specific technical interest, mentor the next generation of engineers and technologists, and so much more.

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Neurotechnologies: The Next Technology Frontier | IEEE Brain

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Twelve Neurotechnology Startups to Present at 2022 Neurotech Leaders …

Posted: November 19, 2022 at 11:39 am

SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., Oct. 25, 2022 (SEND2PRESS NEWSWIRE) Neurotech Reports, the publisher of the Neurotech Business Report newsletter, announced that 12 promising neurotechnology startups and early-stage firms will present at the 2022 Neurotech Leaders Forumin San Francisco, November 7-8. The 22nd annual event the most established in the industry will also feature presentations and panel discussions on important issues confronting the neurotechnology industry.

PHOTO CAPTION: Mudit Jain, Ph.D., a key medtech venture capital investor, will keynote the 2022 Neurotech Leaders Forum in San Francisco.

Mudit Jain, Ph.D., general partner at VC firm Treo Ventures, will keynote the conference. Dr. Jain has more than two decades of medical device industry experience across company formation, R&D, business development, and venture capital, with a global perspective on healthcare based on his experiences in the U.S., Ireland, and India. He is the co-founder of NuXcel, a medical device accelerator, and also serves as chairman of the board of ShiraTronics Inc., a NuXcel spinoff. He received his Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from Duke University, and his M.B.A. from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

The neurotechnology industry has emerged as one of the most promising areas of healthcare technology, and Neurotech Reports has been following the space longer than any other organization, said James Cavuoto, editor and publisher at Neurotech Reports. This years conference our 22nd annual will offer unique insights for management and investment professionals involved with the industry.

The agenda for this years event includes panel discussions on a number of topics, including sessions devoted to reimbursement, securing funding, the new competitive landscape in neuromodulation, deep-brain stimulation, and neurorehabilitation. New this year is a session devoted to privacy, security, and ethics in neurotechnology.

Among the companies presenting this year are gBrain, a Korean manufacturer of graphene-based brain engineering systems, Motif Neurotech, a Texas developer of compact implanted brain stimulation devices for treating depression, and REVAI, a Canadian manufacturer of AI-powered vagus nerve stimulation systems for learning and wellness applications. Other presenting companies are Neural Dynamics Technologies, NeuroSigma, Roga Life, NXTStim, PathMaker Neurosystems, NeuronOff, WISE Srl, Sana Health, and Zeto Inc.

The Platinum Sponsor at this years event is Cirtec Medical. Micro Systems Technology is the Gold Sponsor. Valtronic and MCRA are Silver Sponsors, and the Cleveland FES Center is Bronze Sponsor.

For more information on attending or sponsoring, contact Neurotech Reports at 415 546 1259 or visit this link: https://neurotechreports.com/pages/leadersforum.html.

MULTIMEDIA:

Photo link for media: https://www.Send2Press.com/300dpi/22-1025-s2p-mudit-jain-300dpi.jpg

Photo caption: Mudit Jain, Ph.D., a key medtech venture capital investor, will keynote the 2022 Neurotech Leaders Forum in San Francisco.

News Source: Neurotech Reports

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Twelve Neurotechnology Startups to Present at 2022 Neurotech Leaders ...

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Research Experience for Undergraduates | Center for Neurotechnology

Posted: November 8, 2022 at 11:27 pm

The CNT at the University of Washington (UW) sponsors a 10-week Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) on the Seattle campus. This programprovides undergraduate students with opportunities to work on research projects withscientists and to take part in workshop training sessions in ethics, communications, and scientific presentation skills designed to provide the undergraduate scientist with a solid foundation for graduate study. Undergraduates will help with research in one of the labs at the UW.

The summer 2023 CNT REU program will start on June 13, 2023 (Tuesday) and end on August 18, 2023 (Friday).

Applications for the summer 2023 REU program are now being accepted. APPLY NOW!

Completed applications are due on January 15, 2023.

REU Program Requirements

You must:

The University of Washington also requires that UW personnel and students be vaccinated against COVID-19.

What participants will receive:

REU Frequently Asked Questions (Updated: October 17, 2022)

If you have additional questions about the REU program, please contact Dr. Eric Chudler, CNT Education Director.

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Research Experience for Undergraduates | Center for Neurotechnology

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Axoft Launches Brain Implant Technology to Treat Long-Term Neurological Disorders and is Granted FDA Breakthrough Device Designation – Business Wire

Posted: October 19, 2022 at 2:44 pm

BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Axoft, a neurotechnology company, today launched and announced FDA Breakthrough Device designation for its brain-machine interface (BMI) to better treat neurological disorders. The company secured $8 million in capital to fund pre-clinical studies with the FDA and to scale up prototypes of its neural implants as soft as the brain. The seed round investment, led by The Engine, the venture firm spun out of MIT that invests in early-stage Tough Tech companies, included investors: Ab Initio Capital, Decent Capital, Alumni Ventures, Safar Partners, AIBasis, LiquidMetal VC, Taihill Venture, AMINO Capital, Blindspot Ventures and Mintz. The capital will also be used to expand the Axoft team.

The company was founded in 2021 by CEO Paul Le Floch and CTO Tianyang Ye, alongside Assistant Professor at Harvards School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jia Liu, PhD. Axofts novel technology was born out of Dr. Lius work developing materials and designs of ultra-flexible nanoelectronics to mimic the mechanical and structural properties of the brain and was further researched by Le Floch while he was completing his PhD at Harvard in Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences. The novel implants they developed are gliosis-free. In other words, the implants can reside in the central nervous system for the long term without harm. Axofts implants also exhibit electrical stability to track brain signals over the long term, and deliver an ultra-high density of sensors to maximize the information that can be exchanged between the brain and electronics.

Technology leaps in the semiconductor industry, development of novel advanced materials, chip design improvements, and progress in minimally invasive surgical approaches have opened opportunities for neurotechnology to be brought into the clinic and really help patients, said Paul Le Floch, Axoft co-founder and CEO. The pursuit of elevated quality of life, compounded by the increasing financial burden of neurological disorders due to an aging population are driving the demand for less invasive, more powerful neurological tools.

A recent report from the World Health Organization estimates that roughly nine million people die each year from neurological disorders, and that 1 in 3 people will develop a neurological disorder at some point in their life, making neurological disorders the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death globally.

Todays BMIs have not been developed to fully exploit the brains potential and are limited by the mechanical mismatch between electronics and brain tissues. Even ultra-thin wires are stiff, unlike brain tissue, and pose the danger of scarring and infection to the local brain region in which they are embedded. Axoft solves this issue by using a bioinspired material, malleable yet resilient, to make high density (large electrode count) probes with long-term stability and biocompatibility in the brain.

Axofts minimally invasive implants create a seamless interface with the nervous system, allowing ultra-high bandwidth and stable, single-neuron measurements. Whereas current implants have limited longevity and ability to track the same neurons in the brain over time, Axoft's implant material enables it to stay functional as the brain shifts or grows, minimizing the need for replacement and offering a long-term BMI to seamlessly connect the brain to electronics. Future applications in neuroprosthetics, like brain-control of man-made systems with large number of degrees of freedom, or real-time speech prediction, and in closed-loop neuromodulation for the treatment of movement disorders, memory loss and epilepsy, require communication with a large number of neurons in the brain. Currently approved systems are limited to 16-96 electrodes, which is not enough to enable these applications, and systems under development that have higher channel count typically sacrifice biocompatibility for bandwidth. Axofts implants are made of materials 10,000x softer than flexible electronics and can embed up to 1024 electrodes in a single strand thinner than a credit card.

Participation in the FDA Breakthrough Devices Program will speed the development, assessment and review of Axoft technology while preserving the standards for premarket approval and clearance for protection of public health. The company will introduce its technology in a staged approach, with the primary focus on improving quality of life; first addressing illnesses that have large patient populations that are underserved by current medical technology as well as diseases such as pediatric CP and epilepsy where patients undergo treatment for life-long conditions.

Axoft also announced The Engines General Partner Reed Sturtevant joined its Board of Directors. Sturtevant said: Axoft is taking a dramatic step forward from the fundamental brain-computer interface technologies and could be relevant for many conditions. This has the potential to be analogous to a pacemaker for the brain - a minimally invasive device that can listen, sense and stimulate a response. Imagine the impact this will have on neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinsons and Alzheimers diseases, seizures and movement disorders.

About AxoftAxofts bioinspired, scalable implant promotes long-term communication with the nervous system - transforming clinical outcomes, individual health, and the human experience. Uniquely engineered, Axofts implant mimics the soft tissues which surround it, while maintaining resilience against the harsh conditions of the brain. This seamless brain-machine interface means less damage to the patient, extended device stability and precise communication with a greater number of neurons. Axoft is redefining health with unparalleled access to neural code. Founder Paul Le Floch received the 2021 Forbes 30 under 30 distinction for Science. Find us online at: https://axoft.us/.

About The EngineThe Engine, spun out of MIT, invests in early-stage companies solving the worlds biggest problems through a convergence of breakthrough science, engineering, and leadership. We accelerate the path to market for Tough Tech companies through the combination of capital, infrastructure, and network. The Engine is headquartered in Cambridge, MA. For more information, visit http://www.engine.xyz.

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Axoft Launches Brain Implant Technology to Treat Long-Term Neurological Disorders and is Granted FDA Breakthrough Device Designation - Business Wire

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Researcher combines AI and microelectronics to create neural implants that fight brain disorders – University of Toronto

Posted: at 2:44 pm

Neural implants can help treat brain disorderssuch as Parkinsons disease and epilepsyby directly modulating abnormal activities andthe University of TorontosXilin Liuis workingwithmicroelectronics and artificial intelligence tomake this emerging technology both safer and smarter.

Neurons talk to each other in part via electrical signals, and a therapeutic neural implant produces electrical stimulationlike a pacemaker for the brain, says Liu, an assistant professor in the Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering. In cases of tremors or seizures, the stimulation attempts to restore the neurons to a normal condition.

Its as if the stimulus turns the neural networks off and on almost like restarting a computer,though its definitely not that simple. Scientists dont fully understand how it works yet.

Lius team integrates neural implants into miniature silicon chips via the same process for fabricating chips used in todays computers and smartphones. This technology, referred to as CMOS for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, allows them to reduce the devices physical dimensions and power consumption, thus minimizing the risks associated with the implants initial surgical procedure and long-term use.

Weve developed many new microelectronic design techniques, such as high precision electrical stimulation with charge balancing, says Liu. We try to come at the problem from many different angles.

Liu is part ofthe neurotechnology centre CRANIA, a collaboration between the University of Toronto and the University Health Network, that brings together electrical and computer engineers alongside neuroscientists, data and material scientists and clinicians. Together, they research ways to improve brain health and chart alternative treatment paths, especially for those who dont respond well to current medications.

In a recent project, Liu and his team sought to leverage the power of AI to maximize the implants clinical efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of excessive stimulation.

Xilin Liu holds a prototype of a neural implant chip, 3 millimetres by 3 millimetres, on the tip of his finger(photo byMatthew Tierney)

The team turned to a type of AI called deep learning (DL) algorithms that, after being trained, can extract deep-level information when faced with novel data. These models proved to be especially powerful at identifying hidden biomarkers often neglected in conventional approachesand they outperformed conventional algorithms when detecting the optimal timing.

Most existing implants produce electrical stimulation at a constant rate, regardless of the patients condition, says Liu. With DL, we can activate the neural implants at the optimal time and only when necessary.

However, the high computational cost of deep learningmodels makes it a challenge to integrate, especially considering that its essential that all processing runs locally in the implants.

The cloud would provide more processing power, but you cant have an implant fail because it loses telecommunication service when a patient goes into an elevator or airplane, for example, says Liu.

To reduce this computational cost, Liu and his team developed techniques for training and optimizing the models for each patients condition. A recent case study showed that detection of epileptic seizures by deep learning in low-power neural implants was comparable to state-of-the-art algorithms that run in high-performance computers. This work waspublished in 2021 in theJournal of Neural Engineering.

Liu says that his teams technology can be used in a broad range of clinical applications beyond epilepsy, noting that up to one billion people worldwide suffer from various brain disorders.

The necessity of open-minded collaboration is something Liu aims to impress on the graduate students who take hisnew neuromodulation course, debuting this fall.

Theres so much going on in the brain, says Liu. You need a range of experts to understand and provide solutions for these disorders, which will only become more common as human life expectancy increases.

Future targets include chronic pain, depression and dementias. Liu is already contemplating how neuromodulation therapies may help people with Alzheimers disease.

Impaired sleep has been associated with Alzheimers, and many people suffer from different levels of sleep disorders, says Liu. We are investigating closed-loop neuromodulation techniques to improve sleep quality by reinforcing or inhibiting certain brain rhythms.

The brain is pretty amazing.

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Global Contactless Biometrics Technology Market Size And Forecast | Aware Inc., Fingerprint Cards AB, Fujitsu Limited, Gemalto N.V., HID Global,…

Posted: at 2:44 pm

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Global Contactless Biometrics Technology Market Size And Forecast | Aware Inc., Fingerprint Cards AB, Fujitsu Limited, Gemalto N.V., HID Global,...

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Facial Recognition Market Size and Share 2022 | Global Industry Analysis, Feasibility Study and Development Scope by 2032 | NEC Corporation (NEC)…

Posted: October 17, 2022 at 10:46 am

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NEC Corporation (NEC) (Japan), Aware, Inc. (Aware) (US), Ayonix Corporation (Ayonix) (Japan), Cognitec Systems GmbH (Cognitec Systems) (Germany), NVISO SA (nViso) (Switzerland), Animetrics (US), Neurotechnology (Lithuania), Daon (Ireland), Stereovision Imaging, Inc. (SVI) (US), Techno Brain (Dubai), Innovatrics (Bratislava), id3 Technologies (id3) (Israel), Thales (France), Idemia (France), Nuance Communications, Inc. (Nuance) (US), BioID (Germany), Fulcrum Biometrics, LLC. (Fulcrum Biometrics) (US), TrueFace.AI (US), Amazon (US), FacePhi (Spain), Herta Security (Herta) (Spain), Kairos AR, Inc. (Kairos) (US), SightCorp Inc. (SightCorp) (The Netherlands)

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Key Pointers That the Report Acknowledges:

Growth rate and market size over the analysis timeframe. Leading vendors and suppliers of the market. Exhaustive SWOT analysis of each company. Detailed PEST analysis by region. Opportunities and threats faced by the existing vendors in the Facial Recognition market. Strategic initiatives are undertaken by leading players.

Revenue and Sales Estimation:

Historical Revenue and sales volume are presented and further data is triangulated with top-down and bottom-up approaches to forecast complete market size and to estimate forecast numbers for key regions covered in the report along with classified and well-recognized Types and end-use industries.

Pricing analysis:

Pricing always plays a key role in influencing buying decisions. The price analysis will help determine how businesses evaluate it with other competitors and substitute products. The global Facial Recognition market is a highly research-intensive one that is driven by high R&D and has a strong product analysis which aids in fostering growth with respect to the analysis period 2022-2032.

Browse theFacial Recognition Market Detailed Report or TOC: https://www.quincemarketinsights.com/request-toc-71226

Regional Landscape:

Declare some of the factors that directly affect the market including production strategies, business methods, development platforms, and product models. It will also detail recorded revenues by these given regions. Additionally, the Facial Recognition market report includes specific insights into various development plans at the country level, potential market constraints, and other revenue growth restraints.Geographically, the Regions covered in the report:

* North America ( United States, Canada, and Mexico)* Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, and Rest of Europe)* Asia-Pacific (Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)* South America (Brazil, Argentina, and the Rest of South America)* Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, and the Rest of the Middle East & Africa)

Key questions answered in the report:

What is the growth potential of the Facial Recognition market? Which product segment will take the lions share? Which regional market will emerge as a pioneer in the years to come? Which application segment will experience strong growth? What growth opportunities might arise in the Facial Recognition industry in the years to come? What are the most significant challenges that the Facial Recognition market could face in the future?

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Facial Recognition Market Size and Share 2022 | Global Industry Analysis, Feasibility Study and Development Scope by 2032 | NEC Corporation (NEC)...

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Pitt scientists awarded $8 million for neurotechnology to restore arm and hand movements after strokes – University of Pittsburgh

Posted: October 15, 2022 at 5:39 pm

Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Dr. Marco Capogrosso was awarded a five-year, $8 million grant from the National Institutes of Healths Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechologies (BRAIN) Initiative to design and test a system for the electrical neurostimulation of the cervical spinal cord to reduce arm and hand motor impairments in people with severe stroke.

In collaboration with co-principal investigator Douglas Weber, professor of biomedical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, and colleagues from Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University and Germany-based neurotech company CorTec GmbH, the Pitt team will develop and test a fully implantable spinal cord neurostimulation system that could be used to control electrical stimulation patterns in real time.

The device developed by CorTec will be designed to specifically target the cervical spinal cord and used to determine stimulation parameters that improve strength and motor control of the arm and hand in patients who are partially unable to move their limbs after a severe stroke.

The researchers seek to obtain regulatory approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to use the device in clinical rehabilitation settings and to test its efficacy to improve motor control in combination with physical training.

This project follows Capogrossos work on spinal cord stimulation showing that electrical stimulation improves arm control in paralyzed monkeys. The Pitt research team is now working to enroll participants in a clinical trial testing spinal cord stimulation to restore arm movement in people with stroke.

Ana Gorelova

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Pitt scientists awarded $8 million for neurotechnology to restore arm and hand movements after strokes - University of Pittsburgh

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UN: Highlights from the 51st Session of the Human Rights Council – ARTICLE 19 – Article 19

Posted: at 5:39 pm

On 7 October 2022, the UN Human Rights Council concluded its 51st Session in Geneva. This session was significant geopolitically, with China and Russia being discussed directly at the Council. Over four weeks, States held debates and passed resolutions on a wide range of human rights issues, contributing to an elaborate set of international standards promoting the right to freedom of expression. While the Council made some progress in responding to certain county-specific situations, it failed to do so in other critical contexts.

ARTICLE 19 promoted the right to freedom of expression throughout the session, including taking part in negotiations on a wide range of thematic resolutions, including on the safety of journalists, terrorism and human rights, new and emerging technologies in the military domain, and neurotechnologies. We also made statements on privacy in the digital age, as well as on country-specific concerns in Cambodia and Myanmar.

Austria together with a core group of Brazil, France, Greece, Morocco, Qatar and Tunisia led a strong resolution on the safety of journalists which was adopted by consensus and co-sponsored by 69 countries from all world regions. A decade since the Human Rights Council first adopted a resolution on the safety of journalists, this updated version adds progressive commitments to an already robust set of international standards.

This is notably the first time a UN resolution has contained guidance on strategic lawsuits against public participation, expressing concern about the rise of these lawsuits to exercise pressure, intimidate or exhaust the resources and morale of journalists and calling on governments to adopt laws and policies that prevent and alleviate such cases. It also contained strong language on an array of other issues from conducting investigations into attacks against journalists, to extraterritorial attacks, to protests. You can read the full analysis of the resolution here.

We now call on all States particularly those leading and co-sponsoring the resolution to show leadership and translate these renewed international commitments into allocation of resources and political will at the national level.

Egypt and Mexico also co-led a resolution on terrorism and human rights. After difficult negotiations, the resolution was adopted by consensus, signalling renewed commitment to ensure human rights and the rule of law are central in counter-terrorism efforts. This resolution sits within a vast UN architecture on counter-terrorism which is increasingly complex and opaque, with a lack of meaningful opportunities for diverse and independent civil society engagement.

We advocated tirelessly for the importance of freedom of opinion and expression in fighting terrorism and therefore welcome the inclusion of paragraphs underlining explicitly the need for respect for freedom of expression on the one hand and the right to privacy on the other. We also welcome language on international human rights obligations in transfers of terrorist suspects, profiling of individuals, detention, the right to a fair trial and other due process guarantees, as well as on children rights and the crucial role of civil society. However, we regret that the resolution is marred with security-based concerns and language on information communications technologies that is both vague and unrelated to the competence of the Council to promote of human rights in the fight against terrorism.

We continue to urge all States to refrain from violating the rights of those exercising their right to freedom of expression and related rights, online and offline, under the guise of countering terrorism or extremism.

Austria and Panama co-led a consensually adopted resolution on the human rights implications of new and emerging technologies in the military domain. This relates to a set of resolutions and initiatives at the Human Rights Council on new and emerging technologies in a general sense which have so far been quiet on the use of these technologies for military purposes.

The resolution is short and mandates the Advisory Committee to publish a report on the topic in three years time. We welcome this upcoming report and share deep concerns about how new and emerging technologies are not only leading to egregious human rights violations when used for military purposes, but how these technologies are spilling over and committing grave harms in our everyday lives, including when used for law enforcement. We believe that the Human Rights Council has a key role in addressing these issues international human rights law and international humanitarian law are complementary and mutually reinforcing.

We urge the Advisory Committee to work alongside the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and to also undertake an effective and meaningful consultation with diverse civil society, including human rights and humanitarian organisations, as they prepare the report over the next three years.

The European Union with the exception of Hungary passed a landmark resolution creating a Special Rapporteur on the Russian Federation. This is the first time that a human rights monitoring mechanism has been created for one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council (known as the P-5). The historic resolution was passed with 17 votes in favour and 6 votes against adoption, with 24 abstentions. This is not the only UN forum that has taken recent action on Russia the UN General Assembly also just passed by a strong majority a resolution condemning its illegal so-called referendums in regions within Ukraine and demanding it reverses it annexation declaration.

The Russian authorities have launched a whole-sale attack on independent media, including on the safety of journalists and media workers, who continue to conduct their vital work in unprecedented conditions. Across the country, thousands of protesters have been detained for expressing critical or dissenting views. It is in these conditions that we have documented the use of biometric recognition technologies in public spaces, leading to even more severe chilling effects on free speech and protest.

We express our full and strong support for the Special Rapporteur and stand ready to meaningfully engage with the mandate.

The Council shamefully rejected a resolution led by Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States on the human rights situation in Xinjiang. The resolution received 17 votes in favour and 19 votes against adoption, with 11 abstentions.

The resolution, with only two short paragraphs, merely called for a debate on the High Commissioners recent report which detailed systematic human rights violations and possible crimes against humanity targeting Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslims in Xinjiang. No country, regardless of its political might or economic standing, should be allowed to evade scrutiny of such an egregious human rights situation. The rejection of the resolution suggests that certain countries can escape accountability, in violation of the Councils principles of universality, objectivity, and non-selectivity the very principles opponents of the resolution claim to champion.

We commend the core group of the resolution and encourage other countries dedicated to the protection of human rights to join them in maintaining and enhancing efforts to ensure accountability for atrocity crimes in Xinjiang. We strongly deplore that the Human Rights Council did not adopt this resolution and condemn those countries that voted no or abstained on this initiative.

Chile, Greece and Singapore brought forward a short resolution on neurotechnology and human rights.

Similarly to the resolution on the human rights implications of new and emerging technologies in the military domain, this is a short text which mandates the Advisory Committee to publish a report on this topic. We welcome attention on this issue given neurotechnologies are being developed to access, monitor and manipulate the neural system of individuals, with a lack of transparency, therefore bringing unprecedented risks on the right to privacy and even the absolute right to hold opinions without interference.

We urge the Advisory Committee to consult widely with civil society in the drafting of this report and underline that neurotechnologies should not be developed, deployed or used before we understand their human rights impacts and societal implications.

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UN: Highlights from the 51st Session of the Human Rights Council - ARTICLE 19 - Article 19

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