Category Archives: Evolution

Twenty years after 9/11, nonstate armed actors remain powerful forces in world politics, and are increasingly tied to regional and geopolitical power competition. In various parts of the Middle East, they have become deeply entrenched not only in local political systems, but also in national government structures. Nor are they a recent phenomenon in the Middle East. As early as the 1960s, the United States and Jordan adopted coordinated responses to nonstate armed actors, such as various Palestinian movements, some of which engaged in spectacular terrorism and posed a significant threat to Jordan. Since then, various insurgent, terrorist, and militia groups have become a major feature of countries such as Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Libya.

On October 14, the Brookings Institutions Initiative on Nonstate Armed Actors will convene a panel exploring the evolution of nonstate armed actors in the Middle East over the past several decades, and of U.S. and international policy responses toward them. With a focus on Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Libya, the panel will explore among other issues changes in the balances of power between governments and nonstate armed actors, the incorporation of nonstate armed actors into state structures, the role of Iran, the adoption of new technology by nonstate armed actors, and U.S. policy approaches, constraints, and innovations. After their remarks, panelists will take questions from the audience.

Viewers can submit questions via email to events@brookings.edu or Twitter using #NonstateArmedActors.

The rest is here:

The evolution of nonstate armed actors in the Middle East - Brookings Institution

Thomson, M. R. A. Geological and palaeoenvironmental history of the Scotia Sea region as a basis for biological interpretation. Deep Sea Res. II 51, 14671487 (2004).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Maldonado, A. et al. A model of oceanic development by ridge jumping: Opening of the Scotia Sea. Glob. Planet. Change 123, 152173 (2014).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Crame, J. A. Key stages in the evolution of the Antarctic marine fauna. J. Biogeogr. 45, 986994 (2018).

Article Google Scholar

Scher, H. D. & Martin, E. E. Timing and climatic consequences of the opening of the Drake Passage. Science 312, 428430 (2006).

CAS PubMed Article ADS Google Scholar

Eagles, G., Livermore, R. & Morris, P. Small basins in the Scotia Sea: the Eocene Drake passage gateway. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 242, 343353 (2006).

CAS Article ADS Google Scholar

De Conto, R. M. & Pollard, D. Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2. Nature 421, 245249 (2003).

Article ADS CAS Google Scholar

Anderson, J. B. et al. Progressive Cenozoic cooling and the demise of Antarcticas last refugium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 108, 1135611360 (2011).

CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article ADS Google Scholar

Arntz, W. E. Magellan-Antarctic: ecosystems that drifted apart. Summary review. Sci. Mar. 3(Suppl. 1), 503511 (1999).

Article Google Scholar

Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E. & Billups, K. Trends, rhythms, and Aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292, 686693 (2001).

CAS PubMed Article ADS Google Scholar

Dalziel, I. W. D. et al. A potential barrier to deep Antarctic circumpolar flow until the Late Miocene?. Geology 41, 947950 (2013).

CAS Article ADS Google Scholar

Anderson, J. B. et al. Ross Sea paleo-ice sheet drainage and deglacial history during and since the LGM. Quat. Sci. Rev. 100, 3154 (2014).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Klages, J. P. et al. Limited grounding-line advance onto the West Antarctic continental shelf in the easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment during the last glacial period. PLoS ONE 12, e0181593 (2017).

PubMed PubMed Central Article CAS Google Scholar

Thatje, S., Hillenbrand, C. D. & Larter, R. On the origin of Antarctic marine benthic community structure. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20, 534540 (2005).

PubMed Article Google Scholar

Fraser, C., Terauds, A., Smellie, J. L., Convey, P. & Chown, S. L. Geothermal activity helps life survive glacial cycles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 111, 56345639 (2014).

CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article ADS Google Scholar

Lau, S. C. Y., Wilson, N. G., Silva, C. N. S. & Strugnell, J. M. Detecting glacial refugia in the Southern Ocean. Ecography 43, 16391656 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Naish, T. et al. Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations. Nature 458, 322328 (2009).

CAS PubMed Article ADS Google Scholar

Clarke, A., Crame, J. A., Stromberg, J.-O. & Barker, P. F. The Southern Ocean benthic fauna and climate change: A historical perspective [and discussion]. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 338, 299309 (1992).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Clarke, A. & Crame, J. A. Evolutionary dynamics at high latitudes: speciation and extinction in polar marine faunas. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 36553666 (2010).

PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar

Barnes, D. K. A. & Conlan, K. E. Disturbance, colonization and development of Antarctic benthic communities. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 362, 1138 (2007).

Article Google Scholar

Crame, J. A. An evolutionary perspective on marine faunal connections between southernmost South America and Antarctica. Sci. Mar. 63(Suppl 1), 114 (1999).

Article Google Scholar

Aronson, R. B. & Blake, D. B. Global climate change and the origin of modern benthic communities in Antarctica. Am. Zool. 41, 2739 (2001).

Google Scholar

Clarke, A., Aronson, R. B., Crame, A., Gili, J. M. & Blake, D. B. Evolution and diversity of the benthic fauna of the Southern Ocean continental shelf. Antarct. Sci. 16, 559568 (2004).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Aronson, R. B. et al. Climate change and trophic response of the Antarctic Bottom Fauna. PLoS ONE 4, e4385 (2009).

PubMed PubMed Central Article ADS CAS Google Scholar

Brandt, A. et al. First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Nature 447, 307311 (2007).

CAS PubMed Article ADS Google Scholar

Orsi, A. H., Whitworth, T. W. & Nowlin, W. D. On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Res. I(42), 641673 (1995).

Article Google Scholar

Mikhalevich, V. I. The general aspects of the distribution of Antarctic foraminifera. Micropaleontology 50, 179194 (2004).

Google Scholar

Gooday, A. J., Rothe, N., Bowser, S. S. & Pawlowski, J. Benthic foraminifera. Biogeographic atlas of the Southern Ocean (ed. De Broyer, C. et al.) 7482 (SCAR Publications, 2014).

Heron-Allen, E. & Earland, A. Foraminifera. Part I. The ice-free area of the Falkland Islands and adjacent seas. Discov. Rep. 4, 291460 (1932).

Google Scholar

Earland, A. Foraminifera, Part II, South Georgia. Discov. Rep. 7, 27138 (1933).

Google Scholar

Herb, R. Distribution of recent benthonic foraminifer in the Drake Passage. AGU Antarct. Res. Ser. 17, 251300 (1971).

Google Scholar

Thompson, L. Distribution of living benthic foraminifera, Isla de los Estados, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. J. Foraminiferal Res. 8, 241257 (1978).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Dejardin, R. et al. Live stained) benthic foraminiferal living depths, stable isotopes, and taxonomy offshore South Georgia, Southern Ocean: Implications for calcification depths. J. Micropalaeontol. 37, 2571 (2018).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Arellano, F., Quezada, L. & Olave, C. Familia Cassidulinidae (Protozoa: Foraminiferida) en canales y fiordos patagnicos chilenos. An. Inst. Patagon. 39, 4765 (2011).

Article CAS Google Scholar

Hald, M. & Korsun, S. Distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from fjords of Svalbard, European Artic. J. Foraminiferal Res. 27, 101122 (1997).

Article Google Scholar

Majewski, W., Bart, P. J. & McGlannan, A. J. Foraminiferal assemblages from ice-proximal paleo-settings in the Whales Deep Basin, eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 493, 6481 (2018).

Article Google Scholar

Majewski, W., Prothro, L. O., Simkins, L. M., Demianiuk, E. J. & Anderson, J. B. Foraminiferal patterns in deglacial sediment in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: Life near grounding lines. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol. 35, 003716 (2020).

Article Google Scholar

Majewski, W. & Anderson, J. B. Holocene foraminiferal assemblages from Firth of Tay, Antarctic Peninsula: Paleoclimate implications. Mar. Micropaleontol. 73, 135147 (2009).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Kilfeather, A. A. et al. Ice-stream retreat and ice-shelf history in Marguerite Trough, Antarctic Peninsula: Sedimentological and foraminiferal signatures. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 123, 9971015 (2011).

CAS Article ADS Google Scholar

Hillenbrand, C. D. et al. West antarctic ice sheet retreat driven by Holocene warm water incursions. Nature 547, 4348 (2017).

CAS PubMed PubMed Central Article ADS Google Scholar

Leckie, R. M. & Webb, P. N. Late Paleogene and early Neogene foraminifers of deep sea drilling project site 270, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Leg 90 (ed. Kennett, J. P. et al.) 10931118 (US Government Printing Office, 1986).

Coccioni, R. & Galeotti, S. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the CIROS-1 core from McMurdo Sound (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Terra Antartica 4, 103117 (1997).

Google Scholar

Webb, P.-N. & Strong, C. P. Recycled Pliocene foraminifera from the CRP-1 Quaternary succession. Terra Antartica 5, 473478 (1998).

Google Scholar

Patterson, M. O. & Ishman, S. E. Neogene benthic foraminiferal assemblages and paleoenvironmetal record for McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Geosphere 8, 13311341 (2012).

Article Google Scholar

Gadzicki, A. & Webb, P. N. Foraminifera from the Pecten Conglomerate (Pliocene) of Cockburn Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Palaeontol. Pol. 55, 147174 (1996).

Google Scholar

Gadzicki, A. & Majewski, W. Foraminifera from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Isla Marambio (Seymour Island), Antarctic Peninsula. Antarct. Sci. 24, 408416 (2012).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Carams, A. & Concheyro, A. Late cenozoic foraminifera from diamictites of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Ameghiniana 50, 114135 (2013).

Article Google Scholar

Majewski, W. & Gadzicki, A. Shallow water benthic foraminifera from the Polonez Cove Formation (lower Oligocene) of King George Island, West Antarctica. Mar. Micropaleontol. 111, 114 (2014).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Quilty, P. G. Reworked Paleocene and Eocene Foraminifera, Mac. Robertson Shelf, East Antarctica paleoenvironmental implications. J. Foraminiferal Res. 31, 369384 (2001).

Article Google Scholar

Quilty, P. G. Foraminifera from late Pliocene sediments of Heidemann Valley, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica. J. Foraminiferal Res. 40, 193205 (2010).

Article Google Scholar

Majewski, W., Tatur, A., Witkowski, J. & Gadzicki, A. Rich shallow-water benthic ecosystem in Late Miocene East Antarctica (Fisher Bench Fm, Prince Charles Mountains). Mar. Micropaleontol. 133, 4049 (2017).

Article ADS Google Scholar

Pawlowski, J., Holzmann, M. & Tyszka, J. New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: Molecules meet morphology. Mar. Micropaleontol. 100, 110 (2013).

Article ADS Google Scholar

View post:

Cenozoic climatic changes drive evolution and dispersal of coastal benthic foraminifera in the Southern Ocean | Scientific Reports - Nature.com

Caroline Delbert,provided by

Oct. 7, 2021

From Kodak cameras to the internet: The evolution of American privacy law

Privacy is both a moving target and a living thing, requiring constant updates to the American body of law in order to keep up.

From the end of the American Revolution to the present,Zapproved compiled a timeline of federal privacy law in the United States. These landmark pieces of writing or legislation illustrate the extent to which privacyand how its defined and regulatedhas played a role in the American way of life since the time of the countrys Founding Fathers.

Following the writing of the U.S. Constitution in 1787 (ratified in 1788 and operational since 1789), colonists ratified the Bill of Rights in December of 1791. These constitutional amendments represented essential liberties that colonists claimed at the time, including the First Amendment protecting freedom of speech and the Second Amendment affirming all citizens rights to keep and bear arms.

The little-publicized Third Amendment, which prohibited the federal government from requiring households, private businesses, or local governments to house soldiers, may seem abstract today. But that amendment ultimately established a level of protection for an American citizens right to ownership and use of property without government interference.

Keep reading to learn more about how American culture, invention, and adoption of technology helped to shape how we perceive and legislate privacy in our own homes, in public, and online.

1789: The US Constitution's Fourth Amendment

The fourth entry in the Bill of Rights offers citizens protection from unreasonable searches and seizures... and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

This is often shortened to no unreasonable search, safeguarding the public from government searches of property or person without due cause. In most cases, that cause requires a warrant, except in the case of emergencies or when probable cause is up to the judgment of police.

1888: Kodak No. 1 camera courts debate over privacy rights

When Kodak introduced the first popular amateur camera, the company opened a floodgate of concerns about privacy as it became viable for virtually anyone to spy on or document the actions of their family, friends, and neighborsnot to mention celebrities and politicians. By the time Kodaks founder, George Eastman, released the mass-produced Kodak Brownie camera in 1900 for $1 a pop, photography had officially gone mainstream.

While photography is protected by the First Amendment, there are many documented cases even today of photographers being compelled to defend their use of photography in public spaces. And although public photographs of people are also protected, by 1890 a persons right to their own likeness was called into question.

1890: Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis write "The Right to Privacy"

Warren and Brandeis influential 1890 article The Right to Privacy, published in the Harvard Law Review, picks up many of the thorny issues raised by the first availability of Kodaks amateur camera.

The Right to Privacy was widely considered among the most influential law review articles written and has been credited with pushing more than a dozen state courts to recognize similar laws to individuals rights to privacy. Among those bills was New Yorks adoption of sections 50 and 51 in its Civil Rights Law, affirming individuals rights to the use of their own likeness.

Suggestions outlined by Warren and Brandeis further paved the way for other state laws, such as rendering the recording of private conversations without both parties consent illegal. Other issues, like whether people running for public office should still have privacy in their personal dealings and actions, continue being debated today.

1917: The Espionage Act

Its resoundingly commonplace for the U.S. federal government to limit civilian rights during wartime, from President Lincolns suspension of habeas corpus during the Civil War or the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

The Espionage Act of 1917 pulls a page from the same playbook. In it, the government outlines that certain dangerous ideas are enemies of the United States and can be punished by law. These ideas included certain actions, like whistleblowing, considered harmful at the time to the United States armed forces.

Edward Snowden is one of the most high-profile people to have been charged with crimes against the state under this act.

1960: William L. Prosser outlines the privacy torts

In 1890, Warren and Brandeis examined the existing body of law in order to discuss privacy as a legal ideal. By 1960, William Prosser, the dean of the University of CaliforniaBerkeleys law school, nailed down his choice of four torts concerning privacy.

A tort is a cause allowing people to sue in civil court for financial damages. Prossers torts concern intrusion into private life, disclosure of embarrassing facts, misleading publicity, and appropriation of someones likeness. In the modern age, critics of Prossers privacy torts say the list, while influential, does not adequately protect people from intrusions such as data gathering or identity theft.

1965: Griswold v. Connecticut

Until 1965, Comstock Lawswhich aimed to prevent the sale of licentious materials like pornographyalso ensured the illegality of selling contraceptives.

Estelle Griswold, the head of Connecticuts branch of Planned Parenthood at the time, went before the Supreme Court to represent the movement to legalize contraceptives. The Court ruled to legalize the sale of contraceptives, finding the Constitution protects a married couples right to marital privacy and protection from state restrictions on contraception.

1967: Katz v. United States

Charles Katz was a wildly successful bookie in Los Angeles who calculated the fluctuating odds that one team would win over the otherknown as handicapping. The FBI, suspicious Katz was illegally communicating gambling information to clients in other states, discovered he was using a payphone to relay information to clients.

Because the payphone was technically public, the FBI was able to use eavesdropping technology to catch Katz red-handed and convict him on eight counts for illegally transmitting wagering information to Boston and Miami.

Katz and his attorneys appealed the decision all the way up, with the Supreme Court ultimately ruling that people have the right to Fourth Amendment protections and a reasonable expectation of privacy, even in public places. This ruling has been particularly influential in the internet age.

1974: The Federal Privacy Act and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act

The Privacy Act of 1974 deals with the way federal agencies handle the data of Americans. It came about in response to public concerns about how the creation and use of computerized databases, first introduced in the 60s, could affect individual privacy rights.

The act establishes that agencies must secure records, keeping them safe unless the person in the record explicitly signs off on any additional use. People also have the right to see and amend what their federal agency records may say about them.

There are a number of exemptions given to the Privacy Act of 1974, including for simple statistical purposes like the U.S. Census as well as more salient law enforcement reasons. There are also de facto exemptions because of the number of records that are held outside of strictly agencies, like those of U.S. courts.

1984-1998: Privacy laws on cable, telecommunications, and video are signed

By the 1980s, technology had again begun to accelerate leagues ahead of the existing body of privacy law. Consumers began to use home computers with rudimentary modem technology. People at public universities and government facilities were connected in the earliest form of what later became the internet. These emerging networks warranted a new kind of privacy protection.

The Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, and the Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988, among others like them, sought to protect people from the computer equivalent of wiretaps, making it illegal to listen in on regular electronic communications.

1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act is better known by its abbreviation, HIPAA. This influential and wide-reaching law prevents patient information from being shared without patient permission.

In it, HIPAA states that only patients and their authorized representatives are able to access the patients health records or information. The act has been in effect for most of the era of mainstream internet use. A key application of HIPAA came up during the coronavirus pandemic in regard to health care providers being required to use secure channels to message or videochat with patients.

1998: Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act

Keen-eyed observers noticed a Twitter crackdown several years ago when a variety of accounts disappeared because of their listed birthdays. These accounts fell afoul of the Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act, which makes it very legally complex for companies like Twitter to allow users under the age of 13. Of course, on Twitter, this also affected silly pet accounts and organization accounts that listed their founding dates.

Its not actually illegal for users under 13 to sign up for accounts on these sites. The law outlines exactly how sites could communicate with parents or guardians in order to obtain the right consent. But to do so on a wide scale seems to have intimidated most social networks, for example, which opted to simply ban users under age 13 altogether.

1999: GrammLeachBliley Act

The GrammLeachBilley Act (GLB) accounted for a specific way banks wanted to be able to consolidate different functions, inspired by a real-life merger between a bank and an insurance company. Whether that is or isnt a good idea is in the eye of the beholder, but the act also goes into detail about some aspects of banking privacy. If you receive an annual privacy notice from your bank, from PayPal, or from any other financial institution, thats because of the GLB. Banks must disclose how they gather information as well as how that information is to be used. They must also detail how they protect the information.

2014: USA Freedom Act

Hot on the tails of the expiring USA Patriot Act, the USA Freedom Act introduced certain protections for Americans while holding up or introducing new invasions of privacy by the government. The law is also a response to the Edward Snowden leaks describing extensive government monitoring of communications.

The USA Freedom Act is: An Act to reform the authorities of the Federal Government to require the production of certain business records, conduct electronic surveillance, use pen registers and trap and trace devices, and use other forms of information gathering for foreign intelligence, counterterrorism, and criminal purposes, and for other purposes.

The law gently juggles what the government is allowed to demand, striking a balance between the post-9/11 Patriot Act and the post-Snowden interest in restoring privacy.

This story originally appeared on Zapprovedand was produced and distributed in partnership with Stacker Studio.

From the Bill of Rights to HIPAA, Zapproved created a timeline illustrating the evolution of privacy law throughout American history. Special attention was paid to how technology demands new forms of privacy.

Written By

Caroline Delbert

Visit link:

From Kodak cameras to the internet: The evolution of American privacy law - Midland Daily News

LEXINGTON, Ky. (Oct. 5, 2021) University of Kentucky College of Medicine researchers were part of a new study that gives insight into how limb development evolved in vertebrates.

The findings, published in Current Biology Oct. 4, identify a gene that plays a central role in the evolution of limb development in vertebrates. By manipulating this gene in mice, researchers were able to activate an ancestral form of limb development seen in early tetrapods (four-legged vertebrates).

In the limbs of all tetrapods, the bones on the hands and feet on the outside edge form first, known as postaxial development. The study focuses on salamanders, which are the only exception to this rule: their limb bones develop preaxially, or from the inside edge; the thumb before pinky.

For more than 100 years, scientists have wondered if preaxial development evolved uniquely in salamanders, said study co-author Randal Voss, Ph.D., University Research Professor in the Department of Neuroscience and Director of the Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center. Now we understand that its ancestral to the postaxial mode seen in all other tetrapods. Salamanders are not unusual, they simply retained the ancestral mechanism of vertebrate limb development.

Voss, who studies salamanders unique ability to regenerate body parts including limbs, teamed up with principal investigator Susan Mackem, M.D., Ph.D., with the National Cancer Institutes Center for Cancer Research, whose research focuses on the signaling networks involved in limb development.

In both mice and axolotl salamanders, researchers manipulated the function of Gli3, a gene that is known to be important in regulating the pattern of limb development. Mice with excess GLi3 repressor activity reverted to preaxial limb development just like salamanders. Conversely, when Gli3 was knocked out in salamanders, they developed limbs postaxially, like the mice and all other tetrapods.

In evolutionary terms, what wed basically done in mice is bring back the ancestral form of limb development by gene manipulation, proving that Gli3 was key for the shift from preaxial development seen in early tetrapods, said Voss.

The results are significant to developmental and evolutionary biologists, including paleontologists that have recently identified fossils that support the idea that preaxial limb development is the ancestral mode of limb development in vertebrates. They also give insight on evolutionary questions about the transition from fins as vertebrates acquired limbs and moved onto land.

In the future, findings from this work will also help answer questions about limb regeneration, Voss says. Salamanders are one of the few four-legged animals that can fully regenerate a limb after losing it and scientists have proposed the capability is linked to their retained preaxial development.

Voss now plans to study limb regeneration in salamanders that his lab genetically manipulated for postaxial development.

Research reported in this publication was supported by the Center for Cancer Research and the Frederick National Laboratory of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, by the Office of Infrastructure Programs of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P40OD019794, and by grants from OHSU Medical Q10 Research Foundation and Shriners Hospitals for Children. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Continued here:

UK Research Identifies Gene Linked to Evolution of Limb Development - UKNow

Next time if you indulge in an argument over increasing the temperature of your abode, you can cite evolution to back you up. A new study has revealed that female members of species are genetically attracted to warmer temperatures because of a naturally occurring evolutionary difference. Israel-based researchers conducted a study on 13 birds and 18 bats species to evaluate if the creatures illustrated geographical separation among the genders. The study performed by Tel Aviv University concluded that the male gender preferred reduced temperatures as compared to females. This resulted in the physical distance between them at specific times of the year. Previously, research on humans has suggested that the genders feel temperature differently, with females feeling the more cold owing to variations in metabolism and the generation of heat by the body.

The co-author of the study, Dr Eran Levin in the university's zoology school, stated that the difference between the males and females heat-sensing mechanisms has developed over the course of evolution. In the earlier research, Dr Levin discovered that throughout the breeding season, males and females tend to separate, with the males dwelling in cooler regions.

For instance, entire communities in caves on the hills of Mount Hermon, on the Lebanon-Syria border, are formed of only males during the mating season. The warmer area of the Sea of Galilee, on the other hand, is primarily occupied by females who raise their babies in the region.

This aroused the curiosity in Dr Levin to perform the study. In a lot of mammals including those who live in pairs or in mixed groups throughout their lives, males prefer to live in shades. The females, on the other hand, prefer sunlight. Often, males climb to the tops of mountains while the females stay in the valleys according to the researchers.

Their study included around 11,000 birds and bats using data collected over 40 years.

Read all the Latest News, Breaking News and Coronavirus News here. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Telegram.

Follow this link:

Females of Species are Drawn to Warmer Temperatures Due to Evolution, Claims New Study - News18

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 6, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- At the extraordinary general meeting in Evolution AB (publ) on 6 October 2021, it was resolved to change the number of members of the board of directors, elect a new member of the board of directors as well as amend the fees to be paid to the board of directors.

The extraordinary general meeting resolved that the board of directors shall consist of seven board members and no deputies. Sandra Ann Urie was elected as new member of the board of directors for the period until the close of the annual general meeting 2022.

The extraordinary general meeting resolved that the total fees to the board for the period until the next annual general meeting shall be EUR 180,000, of which EUR 30,000 shall be paid to the each of the board members that are not employed by the company.

Minutes and complete resolutions

The minutes from the extraordinary general meeting will be available on the company's website, http://www.evolution.com.

For further information, please contact:

Jacob Kaplan, CFO, [emailprotected].

This information was brought to you by Cision http://news.cision.com

https://news.cision.com/evolution/r/resolutions-at-the-extraordinary-general-meeting-in-evolution-ab--publ-,c3428037

The following files are available for download:

SOURCE Evolution

Read more:

Resolutions at the extraordinary general meeting in Evolution AB (publ) - PRNewswire

|

The hottest news to come with the latest peek into the upcoming open-worldPokmonRPG,Pokmon Legends: Arceus, involves a new species. This game, set for release on January 28th, 2022, will debut a new evolution for the classic Kanto Pokmon Scyther. Fans will know that Scyther normally evolves into Scizor with a Metal Coat, but the ancient Hisui region, which is the region that would later become Sinnoh, provided an environment for Scyther to take a different evolutionary form: Kleavor, a Bug/Rock-type. What fans of the Pokmon TCG and Niantic's mobile gamePokmon GO may be wondering is if and when Kleavor will make its appearance there.

I originally theorized on the release of Hisuian Growlithe, Hisuian Braviary, and Basculegion when those were announced earlier this year. What I said then, I still believe now for Kleavor:

Looking to the history of Niantic's releases in Pokmon GO shows a pattern of the Pokmon Company using this popular mobile game to tie-in with releases in their other branches. In honor of Let's GO! we saw Meltan released. In honor of the Crown Tundra DLC, we saw Galarian Ponyta and Sirfetch'd released. As promotion for the as-of-yet-unreleased movie Secrets of the Jungle featuring Shiny Celebi, we saw Shiny Celebi released. There is a distinct pattern here, which makes me personally believe that we will see at least one of these forms released as a promotional campaign when Legends: Arceus itself is released. That could mean that we'll see a small Hisui dex added to the Pokmon GO Pokdex in under a year from now. Kind of crazy!

The same is true for theTCG. In fact, Japan is releasing an Arceus-themed set in January calledStar Birth. This is forsure a tie-in toPokmon Legends: Arceus, and I think it's a good bet that we will begin seeing Hisuian species in there including Kleavor. We do not yet know when this set will be adapted to English, but it will likely be, in part, the basis for the set we get in the first quarter of the year. I'd wager we'd get Kleavor on one of the pack arts as well.

Read the original here:

When Will New Scyther Evolution Kleavor Come To Pokmon GO & TCG? - Bleeding Cool News

Hybrid workers embrace anytime working and say office culture has 'changed forever', but concerns over discrimination, career progression, and noise weigh on employees' minds

LONDON, Oct. 6, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Poly (NYSE: POLY), today released a new report outlining the evolution of the workplace and changing employee attitudes to the 9-5. The Poly Evolution of the Workplace report provides analysis on the findings of a survey of 7,261 hybrid workers from the UK, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Poland and the United Arab Emirates. It examines how attitudes and behaviours have evolved looking at everything from working patterns and culture, to frustration and noise, right down to what we wear.

Hybrid workers embrace anytime working and say office culture has changed forever, but concerns over discrimination, career progression, and noise weigh on employees minds.

"Almost two third of hybrid workers (64%) believe that office culture has changed forever," says Dave Shull, president and CEO of Poly. "The uptick in hybrid working is a signal that our professional life is set to transform further. Work equity and equality of employee experiences is now at the forefront of all discussions as both organisations and workers are embracing the new ways of working. This is the change that Poly is helping our customers navigate enabling them to create balanced and personal experiences for all employees, regardless of location."

"Our research found that workers (58%) felt that the rise in remote working has meant they are 'always on' and always available, leaving them unable to relax or switch off from work, " says Paul Clark, senior vice president of EMEA sales at Poly. "And while many are enjoying the benefits of hybrid working the work-life balance, lie ins, and family time others are feeling side-lined and disconnected. For example, 52% think hybrid or home workers could be discriminated against or treated differently to employees in the office full-time. Equally, people are feeling anxious about the return to the office, with 42% admitting they will be prone to 'noise rage' if colleagues are too loud. Sadly, the younger generation many of whom entered the workforce during all the upheaval are feeling the strain particularly strongly. Of the 62% who reported that they have not been to their new office, 72% say the idea of going in is keeping them up at night. For hybrid working to be a success, these issues must be tackled head on. Companies need to continue to put their employees at the centre of all that they do and provide them with the tools they need to accomplish their jobs in this new environment."

Story continues

Always On vs Anytime Working Why employers need to set clear boundaries to prevent employee burnout

The research suggests hybrid working is here to stay. 82% of respondents intend to spend at least one day a week working from home in the future, with 54% planning to split their time evenly between the office and home. One of the drivers for this shift is the emergence of 'anytime working' whereby employees have greater autonomy over when they do their work with over two third of employees (69%) saying the 9-5 has been replaced by anytime working. When asked about the benefits of working from home, the top three responses given were: avoiding lengthy commutes, achieving a better work-life balance and feeling less stressed. Similarly, when asked what they would miss about working from home, people highlighted lie ins, time with family and finishing on time.

However, while many workers have reaped the benefits, working from home has not been a smooth transition for everyone. Worryingly the lines between anytime working and being 'always on' are blurring: more than half of workers (58%) felt that the rise in remote working has meant they are 'always on' and always available, leaving them unable to relax or switch off from work. Added to this, being expected to work outside of their hours was listed as the second biggest drawback of working from home after having less fun with colleagues. The findings also show:

Difficulty collaborating, lack of IT support and lack of equipment to enable home working are listed within the top five drawbacks of working from home suggesting many employees have not been provided with the right tools to work effectively.

Nearly half (47%) said they worried about missing out on learning from peers and seniors when working from home.

A further 52% think hybrid or home workers could be discriminated against or treated differently to employees in the office full-time.

"Anytime working should not be confused with being always on," adds Clark. "The organisations that promote a healthy work environment and empower anytime working will see a much happier and more productive workforce. This is especially important as we are experiencing the 'Great Resignation' phenomenon, where people across industries are leaving their jobs due to the pandemic. Businesses cannot afford to lose talent so must offer the best working experience possible to all its employees, no matter where they are located."

The Future Role of the Office and the Rise of 'Noise Rage'

The research suggests that there are very mixed feelings about the return to office. While many have missed the camaraderie and connection of seeing colleagues and clients, others are feeing anxious and worry their performance will suffer. What is evident is that for many, the changes of the past year are here to stay with 64% of workers saying that office culture has 'changed forever'. As a result, while many intend to return to the office, the role of the office and office etiquette are likely to evolve.

The survey suggests noise will be a particular hot button for returning workers, with the potential to cause friction between workers:

56% expressed concern that noise levels in the office will make them less productive.

42% worrying they will be prone to "noise rage" if their colleagues are too loud.

60% think they'll get fed up if their noisy co-workers break their concentration.

40% fear that they will be more prone to outbursts in the office now that they're unable to mute themselves or turn their cameras off.

Comparatively some are looking forward to returning to the office because of the noise at home (34%).

Despite the concerns, workers are looking forward to having more person-to-person interactions. Office banter, going for lunch with clients/ colleagues and office camaraderie are listed as the top three things workers miss about the office. The findings also highlight how the role of the office will evolve. When asked how people would see themselves using the office in the future, results tended to be practical and task oriented. The 'top three reasons to go back into the office' were brainstorming / collaborating with colleagues, attending meetings and access to better equipment and technology.

Corporate image has also changed. Even industries such as financial services that have always expected employees to maintain a certain standard of dress are now becoming more relaxed. 61% of workers in finance think that hybrid working has brought about the death of the suit, and that wearing suits might go away for good eight points higher than the average of 53%.

"The role of the office and what people want to use it for is changing. It's evident that people have craved human interaction since working from home and are looking forward to getting back to the office," says Clark. "However, noise is a legitimate concern for many, particularly for those younger workers that are new to the workforce or a new environment. To address the rise of 'noise rage', organisations need to provide employees with the right technology, such as noise cancelling products, to reduce distractions, improve productivity and ensure equality of experience. Where possible, organisations should also look to create dedicated quiet spaces (booths, more rooms, spacing out desks) equipped with the right technologies."

The Impact on Young Workers and their Future Careers

The findings highlight the impact remote working has had on young workers and how their careers could be in jeopardy, with many worrying about the return to office. Two fifths of respondents have been unable to visit their new office either because the company had moved office, or they joined during the pandemic a figure that rose to 62% of 1824-year-olds. Of the young workers who have not yet visited their office, 72% said the thought of visiting the office for the first time, and the potential noise levels, kept them awake at night.

Younger employees also worried about the impact of working remotely on their abilities to form relationships and communicate with their peers, with many worrying that this could hold them back:

52% of workers aged 16-24 were concerned that working remotely would have a negative impact on their development and career progression, compared to the average of 43%.

53% of 1824-year-olds worry that remote working has made them less confident in their ability to communicate and work with colleagues effectively, compared to the average of 42%.

50% of young workers fear they have lost the art of small talk, compared to the average of 39%.

Poly recommends that businesses think carefully about how they manage any future transition to a more permanent form of hybrid working. Here's some top recommendations from Poly:

Understand your employees' personas to truly understand the personality types and working style preferences within your business so everyone can do their best work.

Equip the anywhere workforce with the right tools to conduct business from everywhere. Video has rapidly become the de facto way for teams to connect, however the quality and experience can vary widely.

Modernise centralised meeting spaces, while enabling the ability to connect and collaborate from anywhere.

"To unlock the benefits of hybrid working, organisations need to keep people, technology and spaces front of mind," comments Clark. "Firstly, businesses need to understand employees' personas and working styles. Secondly, they need to clearly define their future office what spaces will be needed? Should we create more areas for quiet working or collaboration? Doing so will allow organisations to better understand their technology requirements to help the workforce become happier, and more productive. Most importantly, this will ensure everyone has an equal experience, no matter where, when or how they work. This will allow everyone to reap the rewards and truly make hybrid 'work'."

About the research

The findings are based on an online omnibus survey of hybrid workers conducted by Censuswide in August 2021. This includes a total of 7,261 Hybrid workers in the UK (2,003), France (1,001), Germany (1,002), Poland (1,000) Sweden (1,005), Spain (1,000) and the UAE (250).

About Poly

Poly (NYSE: POLY) creates premium audio and video products so you can have your best meeting -- anywhere, anytime, every time. Our headsets, video and audio-conferencing products, desk phones, analytics software and services are beautifully designed and engineered to connect people with incredible clarity. They're pro-grade, easy to use and work seamlessly with all the best video and audio conferencing services. With Poly (Plantronics, Inc. formerly Plantronics and Polycom), you'll do more than just show up, you'll stand out. For more information visit http://www.Poly.com.

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Poly Media Contact:Sonal Bisht +44 1753 723 726 sonal.bisht@poly.com

Poly Logo (PRNewsfoto/Poly)

Cision

View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/poly-evolution-of-the-workplace-report-highlights-need-for-work-equity-and-total-meeting-equality-for-hybrid-workers-301391770.html

SOURCE Poly

View original post here:

Poly Evolution of the Workplace Report Highlights Need for Work Equity and Total Meeting Equality for Hybrid Workers - Yahoo Finance

Two currently debated problems in galaxy evolution, the fundamentally local or global nature of the main sequence of star formation and the evolution of the mass-size relation of star forming galaxies (SFGs), are shown to be intimately related to each other. As a preliminary step, a growth function g is defined, which quantifies the differential change in half-mass radius per unit increase in stellar mass (g = dlogR1/2/dlogM) due to star formation. A general derivation shows that g = K(sSFR)/sSFR, meaning that g is proportional to the relative difference in specific star formation rate between the outer and inner half of a galaxy, with K a dimensionless structural factor for which handy expressions are provided. As an application, it is shown that galaxies obeying a fundamentally local main sequence also obey, to a good approximation, g n, where is the slope of the normalized local main sequence (|$sSFR ,, propto ,, Sigma _star ^{-gamma }$|) and n the Sersic index. An exact expression is also provided. Quantitatively, a fundamentally local main sequence is consistent with SFGs growing along a stationary mass-size relation, but inconsistent with the continuation at z = 0 of evolutionary laws derived at higher z. This demonstrates that either the main sequence is not fundamentally local, or the mass-size relation of SFGs has converged to an equilibrium state some finite time in the past, or both.

The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Read this article:

Implications of a spatially resolved main sequence for the size evolution of star forming galaxies - Oxford Academic

From the American Theater Group

The American Theater Group (ATG), Somerset Countys newest professional theater company, will present a reimagined version of The Evolution of (Henry) Mann as its 2021-22 season opener. The new musical, by composer Douglas Cohen (Childrens Letters to God) and Dan Elish (13) is an engaging, light-hearted look at finding love in todays modern world. The show begins previews October 14th, opens on Oct. 16th and runs through Oct. 24th, at the Fellowship Cultural Arts Center in Basking Ridge, NJ.

We are thrilled to begin our next season in our beautiful new home by presenting this exciting new work from respected artists Douglas Cohen and Dan Elish, noted Jim Vagias, Producing Artistic Director of ATG. And just as the character of Henry Mann grows and evolves, this production marks a reimagined, more complex version of the show that has evolved significantly from its earlier versions. It will feature new music and some enhancements to the book.

Tickets are currently on sale at https://fellowshipculturalarts.org/event/american-theater-group-presents-the-evolution-of-henry-mann/ or http://www.americantheatergroup.org or by calling 908-580-3892. Fellowship Cultural Arts Center is located on the scenic campus of Fellowship Village at 8000 Fellowship Road in Basking Ridge, New Jersey. All patrons must provide proof of vaccination in order to enter the Mitchell and Ann Sieminski Theater, and masks must be worn. Tickets are priced from $35-55. Performances are Thursday, Fridays and Saturdays at 7:30pm and Sundays at 2:30pm.

Jason Aguirre, who specializes in new musical development and reinvestigating the traditional American book musical, will direct the production. He is a member of the Directors Group at Roundabout Theatre Company, a member of the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theatre Librettist Workshop, and a founding member of Theatre Nows NationalMusical Writers Group. Aguirre has also studied with The Upright Citizens Brigade, The Groundlings, and the Broadway Dance Center Professional Semester. He has several musicals in development including Sick Moves! (or The Dancing Plague of 1518), Public Dominance, and Disco Destruction. He is a member of the Dramatists Guild, an Associate Member of the Stage Directors and Choreographer Association, and currently serves as the Associate Artistic Director of Theatre Now New York.

Dan, Doug and I have collaborated to investigate and deconstruct what it really means to be in love, noted Aguirre, We look forward to bringing this revised version of the show to ATG audiences.

Composer Douglas J. Cohen is a 2021 Drama League nominee for Prospect Theater Companys Dont Stay Safe (co-written with Cheryl L. Davis. He received the Fred Ebb Award and two Richard Rodgers Awards for No Way To Treat A Lady (produced twice off-Broadway, Outer Critics Circle nomination for Best Revival) and The Gig (Manhattan Theatre Club Stage 2, Goodspeed, American Stage Company, The York Theater concert recording). Other musicals include The Big Time (book by Douglas Carter Beane, all-star 2020 McCarter Theater concert), Childrens Letters to God, (Drama Desk nominee, Outstanding Lyrics), The Opposite of Sex (Williamstown Theatre Festival), Bridges (Berkeley Playhouse, three Bay Area Theater Critics Circle nominations), and Barnstormer (Jonathan Larson Grant, Bare Bones production @ Lark Theater). Cohen is a member of The Dramatists Guild and ASCA.

Based on his novel Nine Wives, the Evolution of (Henry) Mann features a book by Dan Elish, who also wrote the book to the popular musical 13, which played at the Mark Taper Forum and won the 2007 Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Production; he was also nominated for best writing. 13 went on to Broadway and theaters all over the world; Netflix will soon release the film version. Elish is also the author of 11 novels, including The Royal Order of Fighting Dragons, and Born Too Short, which won a 2004 International Reading Association Students Choice Award for young adult literature. He has written numerous scripts for TV (notably Cyberchase and The Wonder Pets) and has penned music and lyrics to many childrens musicals and works of non-fiction for younger readers.

Ryan Gregory Thurman (AEA) has been cast as Henry, a 30-something single New Yorker eager to settle downor so he thinks. After receiving an invitation to his ex-fiances wedding, he embarks on a quest to find his perfect date. Thurmans credits include Elf: The Musical (National Tour), and regional productions of The Little Mermaid (Sebastian/The Argyle Theatre), Oklahoma! (Pittsburgh CLO), Peter And The Starcatcher (Ted/Dobama Theatre), and Sweeney Todd (Toby/Mac-Haydn Theatre). http://www.ryangregorythurman.com. @huggybruh

Ryan Gregory Thurman

Shani Hadjian (AEA) has been cast as Gwen, Henrys best friend and roommate. Her credits include National Tours of Andrew Lloyd Webbers The Wizard of Oz (Wicked Witch) and Beauty and the Beast (Madame de la Grande Bouche). Her regional credits include Fun Home (Alison/Public Theatre of San Antonio), Spamalot (Lady of the Lake/Muhlenburg Summer Music Theatre), Caroline, or Change (Rose Stopnick/StillPointe Theatre Initiative) and Les Miserables (Fantine/Bexley Theatre). http://www.shani.hadjian.com @shani_hadjian

Bebe Browning (AEA) will play Sheila, Henrys ex-fiance, as well as other supporting roles. Her regional credits include: First Date (Mason Street Warehouse), A Chorus Line (Sheila/Summer Repertory Theatre), Miss Saigon (Kim/Paliku Theatre), as well as several shows at the Diamond Head Theatre, including Little Women (Jo), Singin in the Rain (Zelda) and Legally Blond (Vivienne). http://www.bebebrowning.com @bebebrowning

Bebe Browning

ATG will continue its season with The Right to be Forgotten, by Sharyn Rothstein (By the Water, USA Networks Suits), a powerful look at todays social media landscape, from March 17-27th. Rounding out the season will be All Over the Map, an autobiographical one-man show performed by Bill Bowers, about his 30 years on the road performing in 25 countries, on Broadway, in the White House.and in the finest grade school cafeterias. It will run June 2- 12th.

American Theater Group (ATG), founded in 2012, produces new and classic works primarily by American playwrights with an emphasis on the development of new works and the rediscovery of undeservedly neglected older ones. It also provides quality arts-in-education programming. ATG programming is made possible in part by funds from the Somerset County Cultural & Heritage Commission, a partner of the New Jersey State Council on the Arts. More information can be found at http://www.americantheatergroup.org.

Facebook http://www.facebook.com/AmericanTheaterGroup

Instagram: americantheatergroup Twitter: @group_theater

About Fellowship Cultural Arts Center:The Fellowship Cultural Arts Centers 257 seat multipurpose Mitchell and Ann Sieminski Theater benefits from the design work of top theater, lighting and sound professionals who created the state-of-the-art space. Open to the public, programming features theater, opera, symphony, jazz and ballet with performances by the New Jersey Festival Orchestra, New Jersey Ballet, Light Opera of New Jersey,American Theater Group, Centenary Stage Company, and with Trilogy Repertory. Visitwww.Fellowshipculturalartscenter.orgor call908-580-3892 for upcoming performances.

Continue reading here:

American Theater Group Launches New Season with 'The Evolution of (Henry) Mann' at the Fellowship Cultural Arts Center - The Village Green