Category Archives: Atheist

F. F. Bruce is one of those scholars I have had to spend a lot of time reading in seminary. He researched and wrote some of the best material on the history of the Bible and its accuracy. In studying the ancient texts that we have, Bruce has noted that there are only around nine or 10 manuscripts of Caesars Gallic War, which was composed between 58 and 50 B.C. The oldest manuscript we have originates from 900 years later.

Bruce writes: The History of Thucydides (c. 460-400 BC) is known to us from eight (manuscripts), the earliest belonging to circa A.D. 900, and a few papyrus scraps, belonging to about the beginning of the Christian era. The same is true of the History of Herodotus (c. 488-428 BC). Yet no classical scholar would listen to an argument that the authenticity of Herodotus or Thucydides is in doubt because the earliest (manuscripts) of their works which are of any use to us are over 1,300 years later than the originals.

Take, as well, something like Homers Iliad, which people passed to one other over the centuries by oration, until it was finally written down. Until the 19th century, most people presumed Troy a myth. Then, archeologists found it. The rage of Achilles was probably true. In the centuries before the printing press even before monks and script people preserved their histories through accurate recitation over generations. Apply this all to scripture.

Regarding the Old Testament, it is perhaps the most accurately reproduced ancient text in the entire world. Scribes took great care, because they were writing Gods word. We know the accuracy of the text has been beyond reproach for at least 2,500 years. The discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls confirms this.

Regarding the New Testament, we possess enough of the writings of early church leaders who wrote within about 100 years of Christs resurrection to be able to reproduce the gospels and letters of Paul and John. There are over 20,000 handwritten manuscripts of the New Testament from the first few centuries of Christianity, written in Coptic, Greek, Latin, Syriac and other languages. There are 5,700 New Testament Greek manuscripts known to exist, and some of those were written within about 100 years of Christs resurrection.

We do not, to our knowledge, have the original New Testament texts as actually written by Luke, Paul, John and others. But we have the copies of them from very close in time to the originals. The scribes of the New Testament sometimes working at a furious rate to outpace Roman soldiers made occasional errors. But those errors were mostly in grammar and punctuation, not errors of substance.

Bart Ehrman is one of the scholars on whom Biblical skeptics rely. Ehrman was a fundamentalist Christian but now considers himself an agnostic atheist. He studied under Bruce Metzger, who, like F. F Bruce, is noted for his scholarship on the Biblical texts. Ehrman writes that though he has textual criticism of scripture, his criticism does not actually stand at odds with Prof. Metzgers position that the essential Christian beliefs are not affected by textual variants in the manuscript tradition of the New Testament. When an agnostic atheist like Ehrman agrees with a highly respected Christian scholar like Metzger who was Ehrmans professor that the essential Christian beliefs are not affected by textual variants, you should pay attention.

One of those essential Christian beliefs is the virgin birth of Jesus Christ. It is as foundational a belief to the Christian faith as the resurrection. In fact, I suspect the very people who doubt the miracle of the virgin birth also doubt the resurrection. I believe both are true. We celebrate Christs birth this Christmas season in communion with more than 2 billion other Christians globally who accept the virgin birth as true. For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; And the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

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The authenticity of the virgin birth | Editorial Columns - Brunswick News

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Phil Zuckerman, Pitzer College

(THE CONVERSATION) The voting patterns of religious groups in the U.S. have been scrutinized since the presidential election for evidence of shifting allegiances among the faithful. Many have wondered if a boost in Catholic support was behind Bidens win or if a dip in support among evangelicals helped doom Trump.

But much less attention has been paid to one of the largest growing demographics among the U.S. electorate, one that has increased from around 5% of Americans to over 23% in the last 50 years: Nones that is, the nonreligious.

I am a scholar of secularism in the U.S., and my focus is on the social and cultural presence of secular people nonreligious people such as atheists, agnostics, humanists, freethinkers and those who simply dont identify with any religion. They are an increasingly significant presence in American society, one which inevitably spills into the political arena.

The new values voters

For years, both scholars and pundits have referred to the political impact of values voters in America. What that designation generally refers to are religious men and women whose scripturally based values coagulate around issues such as opposing marriage equality and womens reproductive autonomy.

But dubbing such religious voters as values voters is a real semantic bamboozle. While it is true that many religious Americans maintain certain values that motivate their voting behavior, it is also very much the case that secular Americans also maintain their own strongly held values. My research suggests they vote on these values with just as much motivation as the religious.

Sex education

This played out in November in a number of ballot initiatives that have flown under the national media radar.

Voters in Washington state, for example, passed Referendum 90, which requires that students receive sex education in all public schools. This was the first time that such a measure was ever on a state ballot, and it passed with ease thanks, in part, to the significant number of nonreligious voters in the Pacific Northwest.

The fact is, Washington is one of the least religious states in the union. Well over a third of all Washingtonians do not affiliate with any religion, more than a third never pray and almost 40% never attend religious services.

The referendums passing was helped by the fact that nonreligious adults tend to value comprehensive sex education. Numerousstudies have found that secular Americans are significantly more likely to support comprehensive sex education in school. In his research, sociologist Mark Regnerusfound that secular parents were generally much more comfortable and more likely to have open and frank conversations with their children about safe sex than religious parents.

Drugs policy

Meanwhile, voters in Oregon another Pacific Northwestern state that contains one of the most secular populations in the country passed Measure 110, the first ever statewide law to decriminalize the possession and personal use of drugs.

This aligns with research showing that nonreligious Americans are much more likely to support the decriminalization of drugs than their religious peers. For instance, a 2016 study from Christian polling firm Barna found that 66% of evangelicals believe that all drugs should be illegal as did 43% of other Christians, but only 17% of Americans with no religious faith held such a view.

Science at the ballot box

Secular people are generally more trusting of scientific empiricism, and variousstudies have shown that the nonreligious are more likely to accept the evidence behind human-generated climate change. This translates to support for politicians and policies that take climate change seriously.

It may also have factored in to the success of a November ballot measure in Denver, Colorado, to fund programs that eliminate greenhouse gases, fight air pollution and actively adapt to climate change. The ballot passed with over 62% of the vote and it is of note that Denver is one of the most secular cities in the nation.

Meanwhile voters in California another area of relative secularity passed Proposition 14 supporting the funding of stem cell research, the state being one of only a handful that has a publicly funded program. Pew studies have repeatedly found that secular Americans are far more likely than religious Americans to support stem cell research.

Values versus values

On issues that the religious right has held some sway in recent years, there is evidence of a counterbalance among secular value voters.

For example, while the religious have been more likely to oppose same-sex marriage, secular Americans are more likely to support it, and by significant margins. A recent Pew study found that 79% of secular Americans are supportive, compared to 66% of white mainline Protestants, 61% of Catholics, 44% of Black Protestants and 29% of white evangelicals.

There are many additional values that are prominent among secular Americans. For example, the U.S. Secular Survey of 2020 the largest survey of nonreligious Americans ever conducted, with nearly 34,000 participants found strong support for safeguarding the separation of church and state.

Other studies have found that secular Americans strongly support womens reproductive rights, women working in the paid labor force, the DACA program, death with dignity and opposition to the death penalty.

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Secular surge

According to Eastern Illinois University professor Ryan Burges data analysis, around 80% of atheists and agnostics and 70% of those who described their religion as nothing in particular voted for Biden.

This may have been decisive. As Professor Burge argues, its completely fair to say that these shifts generated a two percentage-point swing for Biden nationwide. There were five states where the gap between the candidates was less than two percentage points (Georgia, Arizona, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and North Carolina). Four of those five went for the Biden and the nones were between 28% and 37% of the population in those key states.

As this past election has shown, secular values are not only alive and well, but they are more pronounced than ever. It is also noteworthy that more openly nonreligious candidates were elected to public office than ever before. According to an analysis by the atheist author and activist Hemant Mehta, not only did every member of the secular Congressional Freethought Caucus win reelection, but 10 state senators who are openly secular that is, they have made it publicly known that they are nonreligious were voted into office, up from seven two years ago. There is now an all-time high of 45 openly secular state representatives nationwide, according to Mehtas analysis. Every one of them is a Democrat.

Religious voters will certainly continue to vote their values and for politicians that express similar views. But so, I argue, will secular voters.

The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts. The Conversation is wholly responsible for the content.

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Secular 'values voters' are becoming an electoral force in the US just look closely at 2020's results - Jacksonville Journal-Courier

Phil Zuckerman| Palm Beach Post

Thevoting patterns of religious groupsin the U.S. have been scrutinized since the presidential election for evidence of shifting allegiances among the faithful. Many have wondered if aboost in Catholic support was behind Bidens winor if adip in support among evangelicalshelped doom Trump.

But much less attention has been paid to one of thelargest growing demographics among the U.S. electorate, one that hasincreasedfrom around 5% of Americans to over 23% in the last 50 years: Nones that is, the nonreligious.

I am ascholar of secularism in the U.S., and my focus is on the social and cultural presence of secular people nonreligious peoplesuch as atheists, agnostics, humanists, freethinkers and those who simply dont identify with any religion. They are an increasingly significant presence in American society, one which inevitably spills into the political arena.

In this last election, the emerging influence of secular voters was felt not only atthe presidential level, but also on manydown-ballot issues.

For years, both scholars and pundits have referred to the politicalimpact of values voters in America. What that designation generally refers to are religious men and women whose scripturally based values coagulate around issues such asopposing marriage equalityandwomens reproductive autonomy.

But dubbing such religious voters as values voters is a real semantic bamboozle. While it is true that many religious Americans maintain certain values that motivate their voting behavior, it is also very much the case thatsecular Americans also maintain their own strongly held values. My research suggests theyvote on these values with just as much motivationas the religious.

This played out in November in a number of ballot initiatives that have flown under the national media radar.

Voters in Washington state, for example, passed Referendum 90, which requires that students receive sex education in all public schools. This was thefirst time that such a measure was ever on a state ballot, and it passed with ease thanks, in part, to the significant number ofnonreligious votersin the Pacific Northwest.

The fact is, Washington is one of theleastreligiousstatesin theunion. Well over a third of all Washingtonians do not affiliate with any religion, more than a third never pray and almost 40% never attend religious services.

The referendums passing was helped by the fact thatnonreligious adults tend to value comprehensive sex education.Numerousstudieshavefoundthat secular Americans are significantly more likely to support comprehensive sex education in school. In his research,sociologist Mark Regnerusfoundthat secular parents were generally much more comfortable and more likely to have open and frank conversations with their children about safe sex than religious parents.

Meanwhile, voters in Oregon another Pacific Northwestern state that contains one of themost secular populationsin thecountry passed Measure 110, the first ever statewide law to decriminalize the possession and personal use of drugs.

This aligns with research showing thatnonreligious Americans aremuchmore likely to supportthe decriminalization of drugs than theirreligious peers. For instance, a 2016study from Christian polling firm Barnafound that 66% of evangelicals believe that all drugs should be illegal as did 43% of other Christians, but only 17% of Americans with no religious faith held such a view.

Secular people are generallymore trustingof scientific empiricism, andvariousstudieshaveshownthat the nonreligious aremore likelyto accept the evidence behind human-generated climate change. This translates tosupportfor politicians and policies that take climate change seriously.

It may also have factored in to the success of a November ballot measure in Denver, Colorado, to fund programs that eliminate greenhouse gases, fight air pollution and actively adapt to climate change. The ballot passed with over 62% of the vote and it is of note that Denver is one of themost secular citiesin thenation.

Meanwhile voters in California anotherareaofrelative secularity passed Proposition 14 supporting the funding of stem cell research, the state being one of only a handful that hasa publicly funded program.Pew studieshave repeatedly found that secular Americans arefar more likely than religious Americansto support stem cell research.

On issues that the religious right has held some sway in recent years, there is evidence of a counterbalance among secular value voters.

For example, while thereligioushave been more likely tooppose same-sex marriage, secular Americans are more likely to support it, and by significant margins. A recentPew studyfound that 79% of secular Americans are supportive, compared to 66% of white mainline Protestants, 61% of Catholics, 44% of Black Protestants and 29% of white evangelicals.

There are many additional values that are prominent among secular Americans. For example, theU.S. Secular Surveyof 2020 the largest survey of nonreligious Americans ever conducted, with nearly 34,000 participants found strong support for safeguarding the separation of church and state.

Other studies have found that secular Americans strongly supportwomens reproductive rights, womenworking in the paid labor force, theDACAprogram,death with dignityandopposition to the death penalty.

According to Eastern Illinois Universityprofessor Ryan Burgesdata analysis, around 80% of atheists and agnostics and 70% of those who described their religion as nothing in particular voted for Biden.

This may have been decisive. As Professor Burge argues, its completely fair to say that these shifts generated a two percentage-point swing for Biden nationwide. There were five states where the gap between the candidates was less than two percentage points (Georgia, Arizona, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and North Carolina). Four of those five went for the Biden and the nones were between 28% and 37% of the population in those key states.

As this past election has shown, secular values are not only alive and well, but they are more pronounced than ever. It is also noteworthy that more openly nonreligious candidates were elected to public office than ever before. According to ananalysisby the atheist author and activist Hemant Mehta, not only did every member of the secularCongressional Freethought Caucuswin reelection, but 10 state senators who are openly secular that is, they have made it publicly known that they are nonreligious were voted into office, up from seven two years ago. There is now an all-time high of 45 openly secular state representatives nationwide, according to Mehtas analysis. Every one of them is a Democrat.

Religious voters will certainly continue to vote their values and for politicians that express similar views. But so, I argue, will secular voters.

Phil Zuckerman is a professor of Sociology and Secular Studies atPitzer College. He wrote this for The Conversation.

See more here:

Zuckerman: Secular values voters are becoming an electoral force in the US just look closely at 2020s results - Palm Beach Post

When is a film foreign-language, and when is it an American production that happens to be filmed in a language other than English?

As awards season approaches, the question has angered Asian American film-makers and other figures in Hollywood, who have expressed dismay that the film Minari will compete for honors at next years Golden Globes in the foreign language category, rather than the higher-profile best drama field.

Minari is the story of a Korean American family that moves to rural Arkansas to start a farm during the 1980s. It won the top prize at the Sundance film festival earlier this year, and is expected to be a strong contender in the 2021 awards season.

Last week, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, which runs the Golden Globes, accepted Minari in the foreign language film category despite the fact that director Lee Isaac Chung is American, and that the cast is made up of American actors and takes place in the US. Much of the dialogue is in Korean.

Actor Simu Liu was part of widespread anger on social media. Just for the record, Minari is an American movie written and directed by an American film-maker set in America, with an American lead actor and produced by an American production company, he posted.

Writing in the Washington Post, author Viet Thanh Nguyen, Pulitzer winner of the The Sympathizer, said that the decision speaks powerfully to the issue of what makes something a language or a person or a culture foreign.

What languages can be considered American? Can anyone who primarily speaks a language other than English be considered American? he said. The association of the United States with English runs deep, even if it has no official language.

The categorization of Minari, says the author, stings.

If, hypothetically, Steven Spielberg were to make an epic about the Jewish immigrant experience and script much of it in Yiddish, he could probably persuade the HFPA to consider his movie an American story, and rightly so.

The difference, Nguyen says, is that Chung is a young film-maker of an Asian-American background, and Asian Americans have historically always been seen as foreigners in this country, even if they can trace their roots back to the 1800s or earlier.

Other experts agreed. Its a problem to say this is a foreign-language film, said professor Wayne Wright, Barbara I Cook chair of language and literacy at Purdue University. Those of us who look at language diversity in the US prefer to think of these as heritage or community languages and to move away from saying foreign languages, because theyre definitely not foreign.

Hollywood, Wright said, has been slow to catch up. Its a multilingual film that reflects the reality of Americans that are multilingual. So its authentic to have that dialog in the language that would have been spoken growing up in a family like this growing up in rural Arkansas. What could be more American than that?

The dispute is not new. Last year, the association designated Lulu Wangs The Farewell as foreign language. Wang and her lead actor, Awkwafina, are American.

Wang condemned the treatment of Minari. I have not seen a more American film than Minari this year. Its a story about an immigrant family, IN America, pursuing the American dream. We really need to change these antiquated rules that characterizes American as only English-speaking, she said.

The issue comes as Hollywood is faced with accusations around race, including casting white actors in non-white roles and other issues of representation.

The Israeli actor Gal Gadot, the star of the upcoming Cleopatra, last week spoke out after she was criticized for being cast as the Egyptian queen.

First of all, if you want to be true to the facts, then Cleopatra was Macedonian, Gadot told BBC Arabic. We were looking for a Macedonian actress that could fit Cleopatra. She wasnt there, and I was very passionate about Cleopatra.

To me, as a people lover, and I have friends across the globe, whether theyre Muslims or Christian or Catholic or atheist or Buddhist, or Jewish, of course, people are people, and with me, I want to celebrate the legacy of Cleopatra and honor this amazing historic icon that I admire so much.

More here:

Outcry in Hollywood over Minari's placement in foreign-language category - The Guardian

I pointed out a month ago that the election results saw more openly non-religious people elected to state and federal office than ever before. All of this are Democrats, which isnt surprising given that the current incarnation of the Republican Party opposes science, bodily autonomy, LGBTQ rights, education, logic, reason, and reality.

While all of that sounds promising, it only really matters if that leads to passing sensible legislation. What qualifies as sensible is obviously subjective, but there are a number of general positions most Secular Americans would support.

But as sociologist Phil Zuckerman writes in an article for The Conversation, we also saw evidence in this election of a new kind of values voters.

dubbing such religious voters as values voters is a real semantic bamboozle. While it is true that many religious Americans maintain certain values that motivate their voting behavior, it is also very much the case that secular Americans also maintain their own strongly held values. My research suggests they vote on these values with just as much motivation as the religious.

These values voters cared about a referendum promoting sex education, which passed in the state of Washington, an increasingly non-religious state. These values voters decriminalized drugs in Oregon, a position that Secular Americans overwhelmingly support. These values voters funded science programs in Colorado and stem cell research in California.

These voters wouldnt all identify as atheists, or even non-religious. But their values are a far cry from the irrational ones espoused by religious conservatives because, in our case, the results actually make peoples lives better.

For years now, as we saw a rise in the percent of non-religious Americans, there was a question of when that would translate to political power. Zuckerman suggests were now getting our first real glimpses of it. Now we need to keep pushing further.

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Secular Americans Are the New Values Voters and This Election Proved It - Friendly Atheist - Patheos