Monthly Archives: July 2022

Life Extension launches the new Calm-Mag providing a special form of magnesium that helps relieve stress – GlobeNewswire

Posted: July 23, 2022 at 1:19 pm

Fort Lauderdale, FL, July 19, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Busy schedules can take a toll on our well-being. Some supplement consumers turn to magnesium to help ward off the effects of daily stress. But if you dont take the right kind of magnesium, not enough of it may make its way into your brain to make a difference. Thats why Life Extension has created Calm-Mag Magnesium Acetyl Taurinate: a form of magnesium that is readily absorbed by your brain, for superior stress relief.

Unmanaged stress can impact levels of stress hormones and magnesium, says Dr. Michael A. Smith, MD, Life Extensions Director of Education. This in turn makes it difficult for the body to adapt to the physiological effects of stresswhat we call our stress response, Dr. Smith explained.

Fortunately, there are healthy ways to manage stress, including supplements. Studies show that magnesium helps encourage feelings of calmness by positively impacting brain pathways associated with stress management. This essential mineral has also been shown to help encourage the activity of good-mood neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA.

Heres the problem, said Discovery Research Scientist, Kristin Moskal, M.S. Not allin fact not manyforms of magnesium are available to your brain. So, if the magnesium cant make it from your bloodstream to your brain tissue, its ability to help encourage calmness will be limited. Thats why weve formulated Calm-Mag, to exclusively deliver magnesium acetyl taurinate.

This special form of magnesium is ideal for crossing the blood-brain barrier, getting to your nervous system easily, where it can do the most good. The result? Clinical research shows that supplementing with magnesium acetyl taurinate significantly improves feelings of relaxation and emotional calmness. Which is a good thing because we could all use a little break!

Life Extensions Calm-Mag Magnesium Acetyl Taurinate is vegetarian, gluten-free and made with absolutely no genetically modified ingredients (Non-GMO).

About Life Extension

For 40 years, Life Extension has pursued innovative advances in health, conducting rigorous clinical trials and setting some of the most demanding standards in the industry to offer a full range of quality vitamins and nutritional supplements and blood-testing services. Life Extensions Wellness Specialists provide personalized counsel to help customers choose the right products for optimal health,nutritionand personal care. To learn more, visit LifeExtension.com.

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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Commercial and Military Aircraft MRO Market, Service-life extension of military aircraft to boost market growth, Evolving Opportunities with A J…

Posted: at 1:19 pm

Read the 120-page report with TOC on "Commercial and Military Aircraft MRO Market Analysis Report byGeography (APAC, North America, Europe, Middle East, and Africa, and South America), and the Segment Forecasts,2022-2026".Buy Sample Report.

Major Five Commercial and Military Aircraft MRO Companies:

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Airport Transit Baggage Vehicle Market by Technology and Geography - Forecast and Analysis 2022-2026:The airport transit baggage vehicle market share is expected to increase toUSD195.65 million from 2021 to 2026,and the market's growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 5.21%.

Explosive Detection Equipment Market by Type and Geography - Forecast and Analysis 2022-2026:The explosive detection equipment market share is expected to increase to USD 2.78 billion from 2021 to 2026,and the market's growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 7.31%.

Commercial and Military Aircraft MRO Market Scope

Report Coverage

Details

Page number

120

Base year

2021

Forecast period

2022-2026

Growth momentum & CAGR

Accelerate at a CAGR of 3.13%

Market growth 2022-2026

$ 20.88 million

Market structure

Fragmented

YoY growth (%)

2.58

Regional analysis

APAC, North America, Europe, Middle East, and Africa, and South America

Performing market contribution

APAC at 34%

Key consumer countries

US, China, India, Russia, and Germany

Competitive landscape

Leading companies, Competitive strategies, Consumer engagement scope

Key companies profiled

A J Walter Aviation Ltd., AAR Corp., Airbus SE, Avia Solutions Group PLC, Aviation Technical Services Inc., Barnes Group Inc., Delta Air Lines Inc., Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Elbit Systems Ltd., General Electric Co., Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd., Lockheed Martin Corp., MRO Holdings, MTU Aero Engines AG, Raytheon Technologies Corp., Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc, Safran SA, Singapore Airlines Ltd., Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd., SR Technics Switzerland Ltd., StandardAero Aviation, Thales Group, The Boeing Co., and Turkish Technic Inc.

Market dynamics

Parent market analysis, Market growth inducers and obstacles, Fast-growing and slow-growing segment analysis, COVID 19 impact and recovery analysis and future consumer dynamics, Market condition analysis for forecast period

Customization purview

If our report has not included the data that you are looking for, you can reach out to our analysts and get segments customized.

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Market Landscape

3 Market Sizing

4 Five Forces Analysis

5 Market Segmentation by Sector

6 Customer Landscape

7 Geographic Landscape

8 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

9 Vendor Landscape

10 Vendor Analysis

11 Appendix

About Technavio

Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions.

With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio's report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio's comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

Contacts

Technavio ResearchJesse MaidaMedia & Marketing ExecutiveUS: +1 844 364 1100UK: +44 203 893 3200Email:[emailprotected]Website:www.technavio.com/

SOURCE Technavio

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Commercial and Military Aircraft MRO Market, Service-life extension of military aircraft to boost market growth, Evolving Opportunities with A J...

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SNC-Lavalin lands $64m role extending life of Romanian reactor – Global Construction Review

Posted: at 1:19 pm

SNC-Lavalins Candu Energy has won a contract worth some C$64m to conduct design and engineering services for the Unit 1 Candu reactor at the Cernavoda Nuclear Generating Station in Romania as the first step to a future life extension project.

Over 2.5 years, the company will provide engineering and early procurement services for retubing work to replace components of the reactor core. New fuel channels, pressure tubes and feeders would see the reactors operating life extended to 2060, it said.

Cernavodas Unit 1 reactor alone supplies 10% of Romanias electricity.

Europe is contending with the most significant energy crisis of this century; it is faced with the challenge of shifting electricity generation to sources that are Net Zero while also working to ensure the continuity of its energy supply, said Ian L. Edwards, SNC-Lavalin chief executive.

Cosmin Ghi, CEO of Nuclearelectrica S.A, which operates the plant, said: We have a long-term mission of generating clean energy 33% of the total decarbonised power in Romania at excellent standards of safety, and the refurbishment of Unit 1 will provide Romania with another 30 years of baseload clean energy.

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Could passports win a new lease of life? – The Independent

Posted: at 1:19 pm

Travellers whose journeys are jeopardised because their passports are about to expire could soon win a reprieve.

MPs on the home affairs select committee have asked the home secretary to examine the feasibility of offering an emergency service for passport extensions.

Dame Diana Johnson, the Labour chair, wrote to Priti Patel after the committee investigated delays in issuing passports.

An estimated 55,000 passport applications have been in the HM Passport Office system for more than 10 weeks, the deadline stipulated for delivery.

The committee suggests an extension of up to six months could be applied to existing passports for people travelling within the next week on the condition they physically attend a passport office and could be subject to an additional fee.

In the 1980s, when a backlog of passports threatened holidays, applicants could simply turn up at the main passport office then in Petty France, Westminster and get an on-the-spot extension of six months.

In the analogue era, it was an easy matter to apply an official stamp to extend a passport. But since travel documents became machine readable with two lines of letters, digits and chevrons at the foot of the photo page the process would face technical issues.

Because of the conditions negotiated by the UK in the Brexit treaty, any extension for adult passports would have no effect within the EU British passports cannot be 10 years or older on the day of arrival in a member state.

But the concept could benefit travellers heading for any other country some of which require six months validity on the day of arrival or departure.

Any scheme would not be up and running before 2023.

The MPs have asked that the outcome of review of this proposal is supplied to the committee within the next six months.

A spokesperson for HM Passport Office said: We will consider the response to this recommendation, before replying to the committee in due course.

In her letter to the home secretary, Dame Diana deplored the refusal by the provider of the passport helpline, Teleperformance, to appear at the select committee hearing.

Given the helpline is one of the biggest frustrations cited by applicants, we find this refusal completely unsatisfactory, she wrote.

The committee also recommended greater proactive management of passport demand from the public by urging passport holders to renew during quieter periods in the demand cycle

The MPs suggested travellers could be offered incentives such as a slightly longer passport extension, to encourage applications to be submitted ahead of the peak.

Until September 2018, passport renewals were routinely granted up to nine months of unspent validity if they were renewed early.

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Could passports win a new lease of life? - The Independent

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Alabama heat: How to be aware and prepared for hot weather – Gadsden Times

Posted: at 1:19 pm

Eric Wright| Contributor

Five tips to keep children safe in cars during hot summer months

As the middle of the summer approaches, hot cars can become deadly for both children and pets trapped inside in as little as an hour.

Claire Hardwick, Cody Goodwin and Ariana Triggs, USA TODAY

With soaring temperatures in our area and across the world, its important to take precautions this summer to avoid the dangerous results of heat on vulnerable populations. Its important to plan for the heat, understand the terms officials used to describe conditions and learn the warning signs of someone who is in danger from the hot conditions.

First, you can plan for the heat. Its Alabama and its July, if it wasnt hot, it would be front-page news. So, if you can, plan to do any outdoor activities early in the morning or in the evening. Avoid being out in the sun during midday and in the afternoon when it is hottest. Also, make sure to plan ahead and make sure you have access to cool water and shade. Wear loose-fitting lightweight, light-colored clothing.

Make sure you understand the terms used by officials to describe hot weather. Excessive Heat Watch means that conditions are favorable for an excessive heat event to meet or exceed local excessive heat warning criteria in the next 24 to 72 hours.

Excessive Heat Warning means that the heat index is forecast to meet or exceed locally defined warning criteria for at least 2 days (daytime highs equal 105 to 110 degrees).

From USA TODAY: 'Dominating the entire country': Unrelenting, coast-to-coast heat wave scorches US

'Dangerous levels': 100 million Americans are under heat warnings this week. Here's what we know

Heat Advisory means that heat Index values are forecasted to meet locally defined advisory criteria for 1 to 2 days (daytime highs equal 100 to 105 degrees).

If we do have some of these conditions, make sure to check on friends, families and neighbors that may not have air conditioning or might be susceptible to the heat.

Every year. more people die from heat-related weather events than tornadoes, floods and hurricanes. If someone is struggling because of the heat, they could have heat cramps in their legs or abdomen. They could have heat exhaustion where they have moist, ashen skin; a headache; nausea; dizziness; weakness and exhaustion.

Heat stroke is the most serious condition and can be life-threatening. It can have serious symptoms like extremely high body temperature; red skin, which may be dry or moist; changes in consciousness; rapid, weak pulse; rapid, shallow breathing; confusion; vomiting and seizures. Someone who is experiencing heat stroke needs emergency medical attention.

So this summer, be aware of the heat, check on folks and plan ahead to avoid the worst of what can be unavoidable here in Alabama.

If you have questions about extension programs, please reach out or stop by our office at 3200A W. Meighan Blvd., call us at 256-547-7936 or visit us on Facebook athttps://bit.ly/3otwUdlor online athttps://bit.ly/3yniPCx.

The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University)is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Everyone is welcome! Please let us know if you have accessibility needs.

Eric Wright is extension coordinator for the Etowah County Extension Office.

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The Nuclear Panacea for Indias Food Security – Times of India

Posted: at 1:19 pm

By the year 2030, around 600 million people will not have access to adequate food, whereas every year approximately 1.3 billion tons of food is lost or wasted globally which is one-third of the total food produced. According to Global Network Against Food Crises (GNFAC) report, around 193 million people in 53 countries experienced an acute food crisis in 2021. Despite some global efforts led by the United Nations, there has not been much progress in curbing food wastage which is very rampant in lower- and middle-income countries like Brazil, China, India, etc. To prevent a looming food crisis on a global scale, innovative actions are warranted and nuclear technology can be the panacea.

Given Indias ambitious economic growth plan and growing population, food wastage is undoubtedly a drag on government food security plans and a national burden that India needs to address on a war footing. The problem has reached an alarming stage today where an average person in India wastes around 137 grams of food per day, i.e., 0.96 kg per week, or 50 kg per year. As a result, 40% of the food is wasted in India which is equivalent to Rs 92,000 crores per year.

Most of the wastage occurs at two stages: first, at the production stage which is called food loss, which largely happens during production, handling, storage, and processing; second, at the consumption stage which is called food wastage where consumption ready food is discarded because of expiration. In addition, crop failures, low yield, and crop loss due to pest infestation are other major causes of food loss. Therefore, any remedial measure to address food loss or wastage must take into account, the security of production and distribution, in other words, advanced agricultural practice with technological intervention besides nurturing food-best-use-culture in every household.

The application of nuclear technologies in Indias agricultural practice can be the panacea in solving the food loss problem to a great extent. These can be achieved through large scale application of scientific agricultural practice, especially making available mutation breeding seeds and radiation processing technologies. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has developed 42 high-yielding seed varieties by inducing mutations and cross-breeding through Gamma irradiation for commercial exploitation. In addition, cost-effective food irradiation technology can be used for shelf-life extension of food crops (pulses, serials, and oil seeds), delay ripening and disinfestations of fruits, and sprouting inhibition of potato and onion, reduce of number microorganisms in spices, etc. However, a handful of high-yielding seeds are in use, and only 15 Food Irradiation Plants are in operation in the country of 1.2 billion population.

Evidence suggests that employing irradiation technology can improve yield by 10-40 per cent for potatoes, 10-12 per cent for rice, 10-15 per cent for corn and wheat and 7-15 per cent for Barley. Another problem where radiation technology can make a big difference is pest control. As per the UNs Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), approximately 40 percent of global agricultural crops are lost every year due to pests. The Sterile Insect Technique provides a safe, environment-friendly option for pest control that can significantly minimize crop losses. The technique involves mass sterilization of insects through radiation. The sterilized pests are then released in the area and mate with the wild insects resulting in a decline in the population of pests. The technique not only helps in controlling the pest population, but it also eliminates the environmental harm caused by excessive use of pesticides by farmers.

Furthermore, nuclear technology is also being used to determine soil quality to enable more efficient soil management. Soil moisture neutron probe, a technique to measure the moisture, has proven to be much more effective than conventional sensors, enabling farmers to optimize irrigation as per the soils needs.

This suggests that there is enormous scope for aggressive public outreach to popularize the availability of required technology, methods, and benefits, which is the need of the hour. India has already embarked on such applications in the agricultural sector but the progress has been very slow. The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has set up two radiation technology demonstration units, operated by the Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology. In order to leverage nuclear technology in agriculture at scale for marked improvement, much more concerted efforts are required, both by the government and private sector. In 2020, the government announced much-needed reforms for opening up the nuclear sector for private players in the fields of medicine, agriculture and research. As such, there is an opportunity for Indias start-up ecosystem to undertake initiatives in the use of nuclear/radiation technology in the agricultural sector.

Though the Indian nuclear establishment has already made its best efforts in preparing the irradiation technology and modalities of its application, roping in the private sector and start-ups to promote their application in the agricultural sector would immensely help to allay the fears persisting at the societal level and expedite their acceptance on the ground. Leveraging global innovations and expertise in the field of radiation technology is not only crucial in ensuring Indias food security but also, in turn, will increase farmers income. In addition, wide adoption of radiation technology in agriculture will help eliminate unsustainable conventional agricultural practices that are detrimental to the environment, such as over-irrigation and heavy use of pesticides. For making agriculture more sustainable and reduce wastages, and in turn to ensure national food security, nuclear technologys transformational role India must master smartly.

Views expressed above are the author's own.

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Appetite Control & Suppressants Market Size, Scope, Growth Opportunities, Trends by Manufacturers And Forecast to 2029 This Is Ardee – This Is…

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New Jersey, United States TheAppetite Control & SuppressantsMarket research guides new entrants to obtain precise market data and communicates with customers to know their requirements and preferences. It spots outright business opportunities and helps to bring new products into the market. It identifies opportunities in the marketplace. It aims at doing modifications in the business to make business procedures smooth and make business forward. It helps business players to make sound decision making. Appetite Control & Suppressants market report helps to reduce business risks and provides ways to deal with upcoming challenges. Market information provided here helps new entrants to take informed decisions making. It emphasizes on major regions of the globe such as Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America along with their market size.

Such unique Appetite Control & Suppressants Market research report offers some extensive strategic plans that help the players to deal with the current market situation and make your position. It helps in strengthening your business position. It offers better understanding of the market and keep perspective to aid one remain ahead in this competitive market. Organizations can gauze and compare their presentation with others in the market on the basis of this prompt market report. This market report offers a clarified picture of the varying market tactics and thereby helps the business organizations gain bigger profits. You get a clear idea about the product launches, trade regulations and expansion of the market place through this market report.

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Key Players Mentioned in the Appetite Control & Suppressants Market Research Report:

Natural Factors, NOW Foods, Bio Sense, Hydroxycut, Life Extension, Lipozene, ASquared Nutrition, Baetea, BeLive, Better Mornings, BioGanix, BioSchwartz, BRL Sports Nutrition, Dr. Joeys, EBYSU, Health Plus Prime, Healthy Delights, iPro Organic Supplements

Appetite Control & SuppressantsMarket report consists of important data about the entire market environment of products or services offered by different industry players. It enables industries to know the market scenario of a particular product or service including demand, supply, market structure, pricing structure, and trend analysis. It is of great assistance in the product market development. It further depicts essential data regarding customers, products, competition, and market growth factors. Appetite Control & Suppressants market research benefits greatly to make the proper decision. Future trends are also revealed for particular products or services to help business players in making the right investment and launching products into the market.

Appetite Control & SuppressantsMarket Segmentation:

Appetite Control & Suppressants Market, By Product

Capsules Tablets Powders Caplets Drops

Appetite Control & Suppressants Market, By Application

Natural Vegetarian Gluten-Free Organic Vegan

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For Prepare TOC Our Analyst deep Researched the Following Things:

Report Overview:It includes major players of the Appetite Control & Suppressants market covered in the research study, research scope, market segments by type, market segments by application, years considered for the research study, and objectives of the report.

Global Growth Trends:This section focuses on industry trends where market drivers and top market trends are shed light upon. It also provides growth rates of key producers operating in the Appetite Control & Suppressants market. Furthermore, it offers production and capacity analysis where marketing pricing trends, capacity, production, and production value of the Appetite Control & Suppressants market are discussed.

Market Share by Manufacturers:Here, the report provides details about revenue by manufacturers, production and capacity by manufacturers, price by manufacturers, expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and products, market entry dates, distribution, and market areas of key manufacturers.

Market Size by Type:This section concentrates on product type segments where production value market share, price, and production market share by product type are discussed.

Market Size by Application:Besides an overview of the Appetite Control & Suppressants market by application, it gives a study on the consumption in the Appetite Control & Suppressants market by application.

Production by Region:Here, the production value growth rate, production growth rate, import and export, and key players of each regional market are provided.

Consumption by Region:This section provides information on the consumption in each regional market studied in the report. The consumption is discussed on the basis of country, application, and product type.

Company Profiles:Almost all leading players of the Appetite Control & Suppressants market are profiled in this section. The analysts have provided information about their recent developments in the Appetite Control & Suppressants market, products, revenue, production, business, and company.

Market Forecast by Production:The production and production value forecasts included in this section are for the Appetite Control & Suppressants market as well as for key regional markets.

Market Forecast by Consumption:The consumption and consumption value forecasts included in this section are for the Appetite Control & Suppressants market as well as for key regional markets.

Value Chain and Sales Analysis:It deeply analyzes customers, distributors, sales channels, and value chain of the Appetite Control & Suppressants market.

Key Findings:This section gives a quick look at the important findings of the research study.

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Appetite Control & Suppressants Market Size, Scope, Growth Opportunities, Trends by Manufacturers And Forecast to 2029 This Is Ardee - This Is...

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Light rail’s history on the ballot in Clark County a complicated affair – The Columbian

Posted: at 1:19 pm

Light rail has appeared on the ballot three times in Clark County, although voters have never been directly asked if they want to extend TriMets light rail system into Vancouver.

Aspects of light rail were on the ballot in 1995, 2012 and 2013. Each time, voters did not favor the proposal.

In all three cases, however, voters were not given a simple yes-or-no choice. Twice light rail was attached to a sales tax increase and a third vote came after the Columbia River Crossing was effectively on life support.

The three votes are cited by some officials, including U.S. Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler, R-Battle Ground, and Clark County Councilor Gary Medvigy as the root of their opposition to light rail.

The Columbian revisited its archives to retell what happened with the three votes.

The proposal included a 0.3 percent sales tax increase and a motor vehicle excise tax to pay for Clark Countys roughly $237.5 million share.

The sales tax would have increased from 7.6 to 7.9 percent in most of the county and the motor vehicle excise tax would have raised the cost of licensing a $20,000, year-old car by about $60 a year, from roughly $470 to $530. At that time, most of a vehicles license fee was an excise tax, which was reduced as the vehicle aged.

The MAX Green Line ended up running from Clackamas Town Center to Portland State University.

Groups including Identity Clark County did not support the measure, in spite of favoring the Columbia River Crossing and extending light rail to Vancouver. They argued that a sales tax increase was not the proper way to pay for light rail.

The question was indirectly worded because a proposed measure prohibiting the city of Vancouver from using any resources to promote light rail was struck down by a Clark County Superior Court judge because it exceeded the scope of local initiative power.

In the same election, however, pro-Columbia River Crossing candidates including Tim Leavitt, Jack Burkman, Alishia Topper and Anne McEnerny-Ogle were elected or reelected in Vancouver, illustrating the tension between the city and Clark County governments.

The impact of the advisory vote was marginal as the Washington State Legislature had balked at funding the Columbia River Crossing four months prior, effectively killing the project.

Light rail is included in the Interstate Bridge Replacement Programs modified locally preferred alternative. Under it, MAXs Yellow Line would be extended from the Portland Expo Center to Evergreen Boulevard in downtown Vancouver.

It is unclear how the extension would be funded. In its endorsement of the bridge project, C-Trans board said the agency will not be responsible for any of the costs of light rail operations and maintenance.

We definitely want to see that connection with TriMet but we also feel very strongly that Clark County should not be asked to cover the cost of the operations and maintenance of that facility because we dont operate that mode, just like they dont pay for the mode that we operate in downtown Portland, C-Tran CEO Shawn Donaghy said.

Were certainly not asking TriMet not to do that, he continued. I think what weve said is, its the programs responsibility to find the additional money to do that.

Some opponents have asked how the extension of light rail to Clark County will affect crime. A 2017 study revealed that the majority of crime in the TriMet transit system occurred on light rail.

TriMet has a Transit Police Division, which is under the command of the Multnomah County, Ore., Sheriffs Office, and it contracts with security officers.

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Light rail's history on the ballot in Clark County a complicated affair - The Columbian

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There Will Be 1 Billion Cryptocurrency Users Worldwide By 2030, Says BCG Report – Outlook India

Posted: at 1:18 pm

A recent analysis by Boston Consulting Group (BCG) has forecast that by 2030, there could be as many as one billion Bitcoin users worldwide. The crypto business is still in the early stages of the adoption curve though, the joint report by BCG, Bitget, and Foresight Ventures, said.

According to the report, a mere 0.3 per cent of personal wealth is invested in cryptocurrencies, as opposed to 25 per cent in stocks. It did, however, mention that the comparatively low penetration simply shows that there is an opportunity for expansion. This is in line with the findings of a study released by the US-based bank, Wells Fargo.

The banks Global Investment Strategy Team had stated in its research titled Understanding Cryptocurrency that the sector was in its hyper-adoption period, and compared the current stage of cryptocurrency to that of the Internet in the mid-to-late 1990s.

The BCG analysis extended the Wells Fargo papers comparison of cryptocurrency to the earlier Internet stages as well as the impending digital revolution, known as Web 3.0. There is still a lot of room for development, the report said.

If we use the number of cryptocurrency holders as a proxy for Web 3 users, and compare it against the adoption rate of Internet users in the 1990s, the overall number of crypto users is projected to exceed 1 billion by 2030, the report said, however, adding that it is challenging to estimate whether the trend of cryptocurrency acceptance will continue.

Crypto Native Funds are growing rapidly.

The BCG analysis said that individual investors are still the main holders of Bitcoin, while hedge funds and venture capitalists are among the institutional crypto investors, adding that these participants nearly doubled their exposure to $70 billion from Q4 2020 to the end of 2021.

The research further indicated that allocations will continue to climb. In addition, the paper mentioned an emerging class of crypto native funds that are gathering financial pace, such as Paradigm and Hashed.

These VCs, however, were the ones that took the brunt of the Terra-Luna debacle, it added.

The BCG report further said that South Korean early-stage VC Hashed has earned a position among the worlds most financially-troubled VCs. According to CoinMarketCap statistics from April, the black swan incident cost the Hashed wallet more than $3.5 billion.

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Central Banks Join the Cryptocurrency Gold Rush – IEEE Spectrum

Posted: at 1:18 pm

The two of us, along with many other researchers involved in quantum computing, are trying to move definitively beyond these preliminary demos of QEC so that it can be employed to build useful, large-scale quantum computers. But before describing how we think such error correction can be made practical, we need to first review what makes a quantum computer tick.

Information is physical. This was the mantra of the distinguished IBM researcher Rolf Landauer. Abstract though it may seem, information always involves a physical representation, and the physics matters.

Conventional digital information consists of bits, zeros and ones, which can be represented by classical states of matter, that is, states well described by classical physics. Quantum information, by contrast, involves qubitsquantum bitswhose properties follow the peculiar rules of quantum mechanics.

A classical bit has only two possible values: 0 or 1. A qubit, however, can occupy a superposition of these two information states, taking on characteristics of both. Polarized light provides intuitive examples of superpositions. You could use horizontally polarized light to represent 0 and vertically polarized light to represent 1, but light can also be polarized on an angle and then has both horizontal and vertical components at once. Indeed, one way to represent a qubit is by the polarization of a single photon of light.

These ideas generalize to groups of n bits or qubits: n bits can represent any one of 2n possible values at any moment, while n qubits can include components corresponding to all 2n classical states simultaneously in superposition. These superpositions provide a vast range of possible states for a quantum computer to work with, albeit with limitations on how they can be manipulated and accessed. Superposition of information is a central resource used in quantum processing and, along with other quantum rules, enables powerful new ways to compute.

Researchers are experimenting with many different physical systems to hold and process quantum information, including light, trapped atoms and ions, and solid-state devices based on semiconductors or superconductors. For the purpose of realizing qubits, all these systems follow the same underlying mathematical rules of quantum physics, and all of them are highly sensitive to environmental fluctuations that introduce errors. By contrast, the transistors that handle classical information in modern digital electronics can reliably perform a billion operations per second for decades with a vanishingly small chance of a hardware fault.

Of particular concern is the fact that qubit states can roam over a continuous range of superpositions. Polarized light again provides a good analogy: The angle of linear polarization can take any value from 0 to 180 degrees.

Pictorially, a qubits state can be thought of as an arrow pointing to a location on the surface of a sphere. Known as a Bloch sphere, its north and south poles represent the binary states 0 and 1, respectively, and all other locations on its surface represent possible quantum superpositions of those two states. Noise causes the Bloch arrow to drift around the sphere over time. A conventional computer represents 0 and 1 with physical quantities, such as capacitor voltages, that can be locked near the correct values to suppress this kind of continuous wandering and unwanted bit flips. There is no comparable way to lock the qubits arrow to its correct location on the Bloch sphere.

Early in the 1990s, Landauer and others argued that this difficulty presented a fundamental obstacle to building useful quantum computers. The issue is known as scalability: Although a simple quantum processor performing a few operations on a handful of qubits might be possible, could you scale up the technology to systems that could run lengthy computations on large arrays of qubits? A type of classical computation called analog computing also uses continuous quantities and is suitable for some tasks, but the problem of continuous errors prevents the complexity of such systems from being scaled up. Continuous errors with qubits seemed to doom quantum computers to the same fate.

We now know better. Theoreticians have successfully adapted the theory of error correction for classical digital data to quantum settings. QEC makes scalable quantum processing possible in a way that is impossible for analog computers. To get a sense of how it works, its worthwhile to review how error correction is performed in classical settings.

Simple schemes can deal with errors in classical information. For instance, in the 19th century, ships routinely carried clocks for determining the ships longitude during voyages. A good clock that could keep track of the time in Greenwich, in combination with the suns position in the sky, provided the necessary data. A mistimed clock could lead to dangerous navigational errors, though, so ships often carried at least three of them. Two clocks reading different times could detect when one was at fault, but three were needed to identify which timepiece was faulty and correct it through a majority vote.

The use of multiple clocks is an example of a repetition code: Information is redundantly encoded in multiple physical devices such that a disturbance in one can be identified and corrected.

As you might expect, quantum mechanics adds some major complications when dealing with errors. Two problems in particular might seem to dash any hopes of using a quantum repetition code. The first problem is that measurements fundamentally disturb quantum systems. So if you encoded information on three qubits, for instance, observing them directly to check for errors would ruin them. Like Schrdingers cat when its box is opened, their quantum states would be irrevocably changed, spoiling the very quantum features your computer was intended to exploit.

The second issue is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics called the no-cloning theorem, which tells us it is impossible to make a perfect copy of an unknown quantum state. If you know the exact superposition state of your qubit, there is no problem producing any number of other qubits in the same state. But once a computation is running and you no longer know what state a qubit has evolved to, you cannot manufacture faithful copies of that qubit except by duplicating the entire process up to that point.

Fortunately, you can sidestep both of these obstacles. Well first describe how to evade the measurement problem using the example of a classical three-bit repetition code. You dont actually need to know the state of every individual code bit to identify which one, if any, has flipped. Instead, you ask two questions: Are bits 1 and 2 the same? and Are bits 2 and 3 the same? These are called parity-check questions because two identical bits are said to have even parity, and two unequal bits have odd parity.

The two answers to those questions identify which single bit has flipped, and you can then counterflip that bit to correct the error. You can do all this without ever determining what value each code bit holds. A similar strategy works to correct errors in a quantum system.

Learning the values of the parity checks still requires quantum measurement, but importantly, it does not reveal the underlying quantum information. Additional qubits can be used as disposable resources to obtain the parity values without revealing (and thus without disturbing) the encoded information itself.

Like Schrdingers cat when its box is opened, the quantum states of the qubits you measured would be irrevocably changed, spoiling the very quantum features your computer was intended to exploit.

What about no-cloning? It turns out it is possible to take a qubit whose state is unknown and encode that hidden state in a superposition across multiple qubits in a way that does not clone the original information. This process allows you to record what amounts to a single logical qubit of information across three physical qubits, and you can perform parity checks and corrective steps to protect the logical qubit against noise.

Quantum errors consist of more than just bit-flip errors, though, making this simple three-qubit repetition code unsuitable for protecting against all possible quantum errors. True QEC requires something more. That came in the mid-1990s when Peter Shor (then at AT&T Bell Laboratories, in Murray Hill, N.J.) described an elegant scheme to encode one logical qubit into nine physical qubits by embedding a repetition code inside another code. Shors scheme protects against an arbitrary quantum error on any one of the physical qubits.

Since then, the QEC community has developed many improved encoding schemes, which use fewer physical qubits per logical qubitthe most compact use fiveor enjoy other performance enhancements. Today, the workhorse of large-scale proposals for error correction in quantum computers is called the surface code, developed in the late 1990s by borrowing exotic mathematics from topology and high-energy physics.

It is convenient to think of a quantum computer as being made up of logical qubits and logical gates that sit atop an underlying foundation of physical devices. These physical devices are subject to noise, which creates physical errors that accumulate over time. Periodically, generalized parity measurements (called syndrome measurements) identify the physical errors, and corrections remove them before they cause damage at the logical level.

A quantum computation with QEC then consists of cycles of gates acting on qubits, syndrome measurements, error inference, and corrections. In terms more familiar to engineers, QEC is a form of feedback stabilization that uses indirect measurements to gain just the information needed to correct errors.

QEC is not foolproof, of course. The three-bit repetition code, for example, fails if more than one bit has been flipped. Whats more, the resources and mechanisms that create the encoded quantum states and perform the syndrome measurements are themselves prone to errors. How, then, can a quantum computer perform QEC when all these processes are themselves faulty?

Remarkably, the error-correction cycle can be designed to tolerate errors and faults that occur at every stage, whether in the physical qubits, the physical gates, or even in the very measurements used to infer the existence of errors! Called a fault-tolerant architecture, such a design permits, in principle, error-robust quantum processing even when all the component parts are unreliable.

A long quantum computation will require many cycles of quantum error correction (QEC). Each cycle would consist of gates acting on encoded qubits (performing the computation), followed by syndrome measurements from which errors can be inferred, and corrections. The effectiveness of this QEC feedback loop can be greatly enhanced by including quantum-control techniques (represented by the thick blue outline) to stabilize and optimize each of these processes.

Even in a fault-tolerant architecture, the additional complexity introduces new avenues for failure. The effect of errors is therefore reduced at the logical level only if the underlying physical error rate is not too high. The maximum physical error rate that a specific fault-tolerant architecture can reliably handle is known as its break-even error threshold. If error rates are lower than this threshold, the QEC process tends to suppress errors over the entire cycle. But if error rates exceed the threshold, the added machinery just makes things worse overall.

The theory of fault-tolerant QEC is foundational to every effort to build useful quantum computers because it paves the way to building systems of any size. If QEC is implemented effectively on hardware exceeding certain performance requirements, the effect of errors can be reduced to arbitrarily low levels, enabling the execution of arbitrarily long computations.

At this point, you may be wondering how QEC has evaded the problem of continuous errors, which is fatal for scaling up analog computers. The answer lies in the nature of quantum measurements.

In a typical quantum measurement of a superposition, only a few discrete outcomes are possible, and the physical state changes to match the result that the measurement finds. With the parity-check measurements, this change helps.

Imagine you have a code block of three physical qubits, and one of these qubit states has wandered a little from its ideal state. If you perform a parity measurement, just two results are possible: Most often, the measurement will report the parity state that corresponds to no error, and after the measurement, all three qubits will be in the correct state, whatever it is. Occasionally the measurement will instead indicate the odd parity state, which means an errant qubit is now fully flipped. If so, you can flip that qubit back to restore the desired encoded logical state.

In other words, performing QEC transforms small, continuous errors into infrequent but discrete errors, similar to the errors that arise in digital computers.

Researchers have now demonstrated many of the principles of QEC in the laboratoryfrom the basics of the repetition code through to complex encodings, logical operations on code words, and repeated cycles of measurement and correction. Current estimates of the break-even threshold for quantum hardware place it at about 1 error in 1,000 operations. This level of performance hasnt yet been achieved across all the constituent parts of a QEC scheme, but researchers are getting ever closer, achieving multiqubit logic with rates of fewer than about 5 errors per 1,000 operations. Even so, passing that critical milestone will be the beginning of the story, not the end.

On a system with a physical error rate just below the threshold, QEC would require enormous redundancy to push the logical rate down very far. It becomes much less challenging with a physical rate further below the threshold. So just crossing the error threshold is not sufficientwe need to beat it by a wide margin. How can that be done?

If we take a step back, we can see that the challenge of dealing with errors in quantum computers is one of stabilizing a dynamic system against external disturbances. Although the mathematical rules differ for the quantum system, this is a familiar problem in the discipline of control engineering. And just as control theory can help engineers build robots capable of righting themselves when they stumble, quantum-control engineering can suggest the best ways to implement abstract QEC codes on real physical hardware. Quantum control can minimize the effects of noise and make QEC practical.

In essence, quantum control involves optimizing how you implement all the physical processes used in QECfrom individual logic operations to the way measurements are performed. For example, in a system based on superconducting qubits, a qubit is flipped by irradiating it with a microwave pulse. One approach uses a simple type of pulse to move the qubits state from one pole of the Bloch sphere, along the Greenwich meridian, to precisely the other pole. Errors arise if the pulse is distorted by noise. It turns out that a more complicated pulse, one that takes the qubit on a well-chosen meandering route from pole to pole, can result in less error in the qubits final state under the same noise conditions, even when the new pulse is imperfectly implemented.

One facet of quantum-control engineering involves careful analysis and design of the best pulses for such tasks in a particular imperfect instance of a given system. It is a form of open-loop (measurement-free) control, which complements the closed-loop feedback control used in QEC.

This kind of open-loop control can also change the statistics of the physical-layer errors to better comport with the assumptions of QEC. For example, QEC performance is limited by the worst-case error within a logical block, and individual devices can vary a lot. Reducing that variability is very beneficial. In an experiment our team performed using IBMs publicly accessible machines, we showed that careful pulse optimization reduced the difference between the best-case and worst-case error in a small group of qubits by more than a factor of 10.

Some error processes arise only while carrying out complex algorithms. For instance, crosstalk errors occur on qubits only when their neighbors are being manipulated. Our team has shown that embedding quantum-control techniques into an algorithm can improve its overall success by orders of magnitude. This technique makes QEC protocols much more likely to correctly identify an error in a physical qubit.

For 25 years, QEC researchers have largely focused on mathematical strategies for encoding qubits and efficiently detecting errors in the encoded sets. Only recently have investigators begun to address the thorny question of how best to implement the full QEC feedback loop in real hardware. And while many areas of QEC technology are ripe for improvement, there is also growing awareness in the community that radical new approaches might be possible by marrying QEC and control theory. One way or another, this approach will turn quantum computing into a realityand you can carve that in stone.

This article appears in the July 2022 print issue as Quantum Error Correction at the Threshold.

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