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Monthly Archives: June 2022
I dont see myself not acting. That is when Im most alive – Melusi Yeni happy to be on new lead role – News24
Posted: June 29, 2022 at 12:42 am
Many know him for his role as the hunky and successful businessman, Phenyo on Generations. Even after he left in 2013 to join Imbewu: The Seed, people still called him Phenyo even offscreen.
A few years later he made headlines for over poor health and marital issues, which did not bother him, and he ignored them.
He had a couple of other roles after Imbewu: The Seed, before going on a short hiatus from the small screen.
Actor Melusi Yeni makes a return to the TV screens to play the role of a businessman Sibonelo in the new Mzansi Magic drama, Isifiso, alongside Nelisa Mchunu, Sjava, Zinhle Mabena, and Ntando Mncube, Duduzile Ngcobo, Bandile Maphalala, and Nkosinathi Kheswa.
Filled with shocking twists, betrayal, and greed,Isifisois the story of Bazothini, a woman who only wants the approval of her mother and those around her and will stop at almost nothing to get it. After a tragedy, Bazothini can now live her dream life. The new drama explores sibling rivalry, jealousy, and murder. It is about a woman living under her younger sisters shadow, envying her seemingly-perfect life but not all is what it seems, as she quickly and tragically learns.
Read more lConnie Ferguson wins Favourite Personality award as Mzansi stars honoured at this years #DStvMVCA
He is thrilled to be back playing a major role after being away from the small screen for so long.
Sibonelo comes from a rural background, he was always extremely driven in preserving culture. He is a family guy and worked hard as an entrepreneur. He owns a chain of butcheries. He is a well-to-do business guy, Melusi says.
For every role he chooses, Melusi does extensive research on the character.
Sibonelo is married but there is an element of infidelity. He is a prim and proper, alpha Zulu male, but not hardcore, he has been to school. What is popular now is polygamy. I had a look into Mr. Musa Mselekus life, who is the face of polygamy. He is a business guy,a farm guy, and not too modern but also not too rural. My character has more than one woman in the story. He is also from KZN. Sibonelo lived in Mzumbe and moved to Potchefstroom and has two kids and a beautiful wife. As we unpack him, he is regal, we get to see layers of his life and things dont look as prim as they did in the beginning and that is what excites me.
Read more lCape Flats-born muso on coping with depression and growing as a creative in 2022 and beyond
He had a short stint on KwaZulu Natal medical show Durban Gen, where he played Andile who went to medical school and went into banking.
It was not for long, but I enjoyed the role. He was doing well in his career, confident and extremely well-to-do. Once you start unpacking the layers you see there are flaws and he is not perfect. I enjoyed that, he says.
Before Durban Gen, he was playing in the movie space and serving corporate clients in industrial theatre and working at grooming young filmmakers in KwaZulu Natal.
When people dont see you on a SABC show or a soapie, they assume you are not busy. I havent been on a big SABC show for a long time, probably since Generations, I think and people have said they miss seeing me play Melusi. He was a ladys favourite, he chuckles.
But without saying he would never go back to Generations, Melusi says those days are gone. For the first time, he is excited to be working on a Mzansi Magic production.
I havent worked with Mzansi Magic and its the first time we embark on a big project, its a great challenge," he says.
I have been called into established shows to come in as a character. Its nice to get a brand-new show and fresh show where every role gets established at the same time. If the show flops, we are at the same table together. Thats the interest.
He was approached by a few companies, but he is picky.
I was tired of playing the good-looking guy in a suit, who is romantic. I wanted something more challenging, he says. Melusi no longer wanted to be type-cast.
You end up doing the same thing over and over, just change costumes, he adds.
I try to look for work where the producer can put me in a different light and allow me to shape shift. I like to look at the content and find flawed characters. In Durban Gen, the storylinewas about substance abuse. My character was a huge guy who is successful but is flawed; he abused alcohol and drugs. Even Sibonelo, people will eventually see his flaws. He has a darker side; it is challenging and exciting for an actor. We are actors and we are versatile. You dont want to get into a space where you are too comfortable. I long for something new, a serial killer or rapist. Today we have issues of Gender-based violence, and I want to tap into uncomfortable spaces like those.
Read more lInnocent Masuku who played Bobo on Yizo Yizo on how drugs ruined his career
When he took a break from the small screen, many assumed he was running away from fame and the limelight. But Melusi loves meeting people who appreciate his work.
At the end of the day, Im an actor. I still appreciate being recognised in the street. That is when Im most alive. Acting for me is healing. I can express myself and tap into emotions. I am a healer. I dont ever see myself not acting, he says.
But its also important to sometimes step away to regroup. I wont lie, I have missed playing the male lead. I am excited about the group of vibrant and talented crew and cast I will be working with. They challenge me. They take what appears to be a small role and make it so big. I love the way they view things, he says.
There is more to be expected for Melusi. He has shot two other upcoming productions.
"I worked on another show coming up soon called Umbali. I shot that before this Isifiso. I worked with award-winning director Zuko Nodada on a story about a young Maskandi guy who comes to Durban. but the shows will be revealed with time, for now, I am focusing on building Sibonelo and hoping that everyone enjoys and appreciates the show.
Isifiso, will play on Mondays at 8pm on Mzansi Magic (DStv Channel 161), premiering on 4 July.
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Empowering Women in the Rohingya Refugee Camps, Bangladesh – Bangladesh – ReliefWeb
Posted: at 12:42 am
In Bangladesh's refugee camps, communities are working together to empower women and reduce gender-based violence -- through the creation of Safe Spaces for women and girls, and gender transformative training for men and boys.
During times of protracted crisis, women and girls are at heightened risk of discrimination, abuse and violence. When communities break down, whether because of conflict, famine, natural disaster, or lack of economic opportunities, it is usually women and girls who suffer the most.
But in Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh, where almost one million Rohingya refugees live, women and men are working together to change this.
At the Safe Spaces for women and girls, built by Relief International and run by refugee volunteers and host community staff, refugee women and girls come together to talk about their experiences and are offered support and training opportunities.
In addition, men lead sessions for other men on the importance of empowering women in the camps and preventing violence in their community.
Creating a support network
Taslima is a Gender Based Violence (GBV) Program Associate for RI. Her job focuses on empowering women and girls and trying to prevent and mitigate the risk of GBV in the camps. She runs regular meet ups and structured awareness raising modules at the Safe Spaces, so that women and girls to come, learn, and discuss their lives and concerns with others.
"Given the COVID-19 situation, we normally try to keep to a 15-participant maximum in each session... but the number of participants often increases because the women and girls in this camp are very enthusiastic."
These women and girls come together to support one another, and to learn about the issues other women are facing.
"Unfortunately, physical abuse is a big issue here. There is also a high prevalence of emotional abuse too. On top of this, since the start of COVID-19, polygamy has drastically increased in this community," states Taslima solemnly.
The Safe Spaces offer refugee women and girls an opportunity to talk about these issues, and plan how they can take action to support each other, and others in the camps.
Since creating the Safe Spaces, Taslima says "we have prevented a lot of child marriages in this camp... In fact, it is the women of the community who have prevented those child marriages."
Providing New Opportunities
Beyond providing opportunities for discussions, these spaces also offer numerous classes for women to attend that can help improve their home lives, or even provide a source of income. The sewing classes and gardening lessons provided at the spaces are particularly popular.
"Poverty is a factor behind GBV here, so the money these women earn can help reduce conflict in their families," says Taslima.
Hasina regularly comes to the Safe Space. "I can come here in my leisure time, spend time with other women, and also learn how to sew clothes," she says.
Among other items, Hasina makes Bajus [Rohingya dresses] for herself. "I use painted blocks to paint the fabric... [then] I take the measurement. Next, I cut off the body and arms' lengths from the fabric. Finally, I sew them together."
Amina, another woman who regularly comes to the Safe Space makes Katha [thin blankets] that can be used for numerous different purposes; "I don't sell these products. We use them in our family."
Amina continues, "[At the Safe Spaces] we can discuss our problems and share our concerns and feel protected.... Everyone at the Safe Space listens to my concerns... And, we also learn sewing and handicrafts here too."
Training the Whole Community
Men in this community are also playing an important role in empowering women and reducing violence and abuse. RI has empowered 84 male local leaders including imans, majhis [local leaders] and teachers to act as "Change Makers" in the community, where they disseminate messaging promoting ideas of gender equality.
Mohammed is one of these Change Makers. "The *bhais *[brothers] from RI taught us about the impact of Gender-Based Violence issues in our community."
"These issues are a serious problem my community is facing. I think the mothers and sisters of my community can be safe through better awareness [from men]."
Mohammed takes the information he learned from RI trainers and from other men in the training and uses it to talk to men in his community.
"I lead [informal] sessions to raise awareness among men and boys. Wherever I find them, be it an open field or a tea-stall, I talk to them about the harmfulness of GBV."
"I feel good knowing that I am doing something necessary and important for my community."
Looking to the future
Taslima is hopeful that between the Change Makers Program and the Women and Girls Safe Spaces, with women and men working together for gender equality, things will slowly improve for everyone in the community.
"I think together we are leaving a very positive impact on this community!"
The Women and Girls Safe Spaces and the Change Makers activity in Bangladesh's refugee camps are implemented in partnership with UNHCR.
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Empowering Women in the Rohingya Refugee Camps, Bangladesh - Bangladesh - ReliefWeb
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Klotho Protein for Longevity – Delay Dementia, Kidney Disease & Cancer
Posted: at 12:40 am
Agingis a complex biological process regulated by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as genetics, epigenetics, environment, lifestyle, and immune response. Aging is often defined as an age-related deterioration of physiological and cognitive functions necessary for survival and reproduction.
During aging, the brain undergoes various morphological, cellular, molecular, and functional changes leading to the occurrence of age-related cognitive decline. Healthy elderly people showsignificant decreases in brain volumeand experience mild cognitive impairment (i.e. working memory & executive function) compared with younger adults. In patients with Alzheimers disease or other types of age-related dementia, thecognitive impairmentis significantly more severe affecting daily life activities and requiring medical/professional assistance.
The idea of aging is something that is commonly feared by many, but what if it didnt hurt to grow old? Imagine living independently longer. Less severe dementia. Later onset of cancer. Healthier heart and kidneys for longer. Klotho, a natural human protein has great potential to delay these diseases of aging. Loss of cognition, kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer are all things that are believed to be associated with the bodys production of this Klotho protein. Klotho Therapeutics (KTI) is using biotechnology to mimic the human protein.
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Klotho Protein for Longevity - Delay Dementia, Kidney Disease & Cancer
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The slow ageing of tortoises could unlock secrets to human longevity, says study – HeraldScotland
Posted: at 12:40 am
A new study looking at creatures such as tortoises and turtles has found that theyhave biological mechanisms that slow down or even completely switch offageing, which may indicate a way to extend human longevity.
As reported by The Independent,the research, published in thejournalScienceon Thursday, looked at signs of senescence the gradual process of deterioration of physical and functional characteristics among tortoises and turtles living in zoos and aquariums.
The international team of scientistsfound that the pattern of ageing in these cold-blooded creatures does not resemble that seen in humans or other animals.
Most of the studied creatures aged slower, and in some cases, their senescence is negligible, scientists said.
Creatures that were studied included77 cold-blooded species from 107 wild populations, including turtles, amphibians, snakes, crocodilians and tortoises.
Species of tortoise were found to have less senescence (Canva)
Of the 52 species analysed in the study, scientists said three-fourths of them showed extremely slow senescence, while 80%appeared to have slower ageing than modern humans.
Some of the species have the ability to reduce their rate of ageing in response to the improved living conditions in zoos and aquariums, compared to the wild, scientists say.
Theories around senescence suggest that it begins after sexual maturity, where it invests more energy in reproduction than in repairing cells and tissue.
Due to this tradeoff, researchers have held that after reaching sexual maturity, individuals inevitably stop growing and start experiencing senescence a prediction that has been confirmed for several species, particularly mammals and birds.
Turtles and tortoises, and other organisms that keep growing after sexual maturity, could have the ability to keep investing in repairing cellular damages - which then avoid the effects of senescence.
Although humans have witnessed unprecedented increases in longevity in the last century, scientists say improved living conditions does not modify the rate of ageing in humans and other primates.
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The slow ageing of tortoises could unlock secrets to human longevity, says study - HeraldScotland
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Longevity Investors Conference to be held in Gstaad, Switzerland Sept. 2830 – Cointelegraph
Posted: at 12:40 am
Longevity Investors Conference (LIC) returns for its third annual edition from Sept. 2830 in Gstaad, Switzerland.
The conference attracts the worlds top longevity leaders, institutional and private investors, wealthy private investors and family offices and funds in an exclusive setting. For two days, opinion leaders and high-ranking representatives will exchange their knowledge about longevity, trends, attractive investments and business opportunities in the longevity space. The conference will ensure a private atmosphere and the opportunity to establish partnerships with other business leaders and investment opportunities in a unique setting at Le Grand Bellevue, a five-star hotel in Gstaad and one of the most exclusive Swiss mountain resorts.
The LIC has the honor of welcoming leading longevity experts and scientists, such as Harvard Medical School genetics professor George Church, SENS Research Foundation chief of science offices Aubrey de Grey, Buck Institute for Research on Ageing president and CEO Eric Verdin, Institute for Ageing Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine director Nir Barzilai, Forever Healthy Foundation founder Michael Greve, Human Longevity Inc. associate professor, internal medicine specialist and longevity physician Evelyne Yehudit Bischof, Insilico Medicine founder and CEO Alex Zhavoronkov, First Longevity founder and Longevity.Technology editor-in-chief Phil Newman, and Wei-Wu He, Human Longevity Inc. executive chairman, Casi Pharmaceuticals Inc. CEO and chairman, and Genetron Health founder and chairman.
More speakers will be announced closer to the conference.
LIC was initiated by Tobias Reichmuth and Marc Bernegger, two successful serial entrepreneurs who, among others, launched CfC St. Moritz, one of the most exclusive conferences for digital assets.
Keynote speeches, fireside chats, panel discussions and breakout sessions on topics including biotech, aging technology, diagnostics, AI, health prevention, longevity therapy and investment strategy await the attendees of the 2022 conference.
The conference is in the Bellevue Hotel in Gstaad, recently rated Hotel of the Year by the Swiss media. The hotel will be privatized for LICs guests, ensuring an exclusive networking experience. Some of the conferences partners include PricewaterhouseCoopers, Credit Suisse, Maximn, Korify Capital, Apollo Health Ventures, Clinique La Prairie, Biolytica AG, Avea Solutions and many more.
The unique event format combines rich content and insight-sharing during the day, with numerous opportunities to recharge and network at the lunches, evening receptions, dinners and longevity experiences occurring during the course of the two-day conference.
There are more and more traditional investors joining the longevity space, which creates massive investment opportunities. The special setup of this years conference enables not only knowledge exchange but also effective community-building, which is very unique for the industry and has never happened before to this extent, said Marc Bernegger, one of the driving forces behind the conference.
Tobias Reichmuth, co-founder of LIC and Berneggers partner, said, The longevity industry will be one of the biggest investment opportunities during the next decade expected to be worth at least $600 billion by 2025. It is experiencing great momentum, and this is the ideal time to use it in favor of educating and spreading information to investors. In a sea of science-oriented conferences, a professional and global investor-focused longevity conference such as LIC will provide an opportunity for the industrys top investors and innovators to get acquainted with recent developments and breakthroughs.
Early bird tickets are available until the end of June on the site.
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Longevity Investors Conference to be held in Gstaad, Switzerland Sept. 2830 - Cointelegraph
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The Rejuvenation Startup Summit Speakers – Lifespan.io News
Posted: at 12:40 am
Berlin/Germany, June 23, 2022 TheRejuvenation Startup Summit(Berlin, Oct. 14-15, 2022) is a vibrant networking event that brings together startups and members of the longevity venture capital/investor ecosystem all aiming to create therapies to vastly extend the healthy human lifespan. Rejuvenation/Longevity biotech is a new, emerging field of medicine. It aims to prevent and reverse diseases of aging by addressing their common root cause, the aging process itself.
In addition to an exciting range of presentations from CEOs of startups in the field of rejuvenation/longevity, the summit features an all-day startup forum for vibrant networking. Starting midday on Friday and finishing off on Saturday night with a big party, it offers ample opportunity to get in touch, learn and network with some of the most promising companies in the field like:
Investors may explore concrete investment opportunities, or if new to the field, get jumpstarted on the upcoming new megatrend Rejuvenation/Longevity a still young industry that will eventually become much bigger than todays largest technology markets.
Early Bird pricing for theRejuvenation Startup Summit (Oct 14-15) ticketsstays effective till Thursday, 21 of July, 12:00 pm CET (03:00 am Pacific).
The Rejuvenation Startup Summit (Berlin, Oct. 14-15, 2022) hosted by the Forever Healthy Foundation, is a vibrant networking event that aims to accelerate the development of the rejuvenation biotech industry.
Rejuvenation/Longevity biotech is a new, emerging field of medicine. It aims to prevent and reverse diseases of aging by addressing their common root cause, the aging process itself.Rejuvenation therapies aim to reverse or repair age-related cellular changes such as molecular waste, calcification, tissue stiffening, loss of stem cell function, genetic alterations, and impaired energy production.
The Summit brings together startups, members of the longevity venture capital / investor ecosystem, and researchers interested in founding or joining a startup all aiming to create therapies to vastly extend the healthy human lifespan.
Further information can be found atwww.forever-healthy.org/summit.
Frank Schueler, Chief Operating Officer
[emailprotected]
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The Rejuvenation Startup Summit Speakers - Lifespan.io News
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Your immunity has a life span – The New Indian Express
Posted: at 12:40 am
Express News Service
HYDERABAD: Ageing of the immune system is becoming a matter of concern, more so, amid the pandemic. But what does immune ageing even mean? Is that a concern for just the researchers or us too? For answers to these and more, experts explain it all to CE. Dr G Navodaya, consultant, general medicine, Care Hospitals, Banjara Hills, feels that immune ageing has a wider perspective and says, Immune ageing is a phenomenon that occurs in any patient who is ageing, so this is not specific to immunity.
The human body has many cells with unique responsibilities. Some keep the person alive, others build muscle structure, and some maintain the functions of the body, etc. Now, every cell has a basic function and age and after a certain function and time, the cells die. Immunity ageing is the same if a person is ageing, meaning, growing older, they are likely to see physical changes in and outside the body. Similarly, cell functions start to reduce inside the body, eventually. Cells that maintain our immunity to help fight infections too meet the same fate.
So what does this mean for us? He responds, Immunity is maintained so as to protect us from infections. But when these cells have less strength then the human body is prone to infections. He adds that immune ageing happens not just when one turns older but the process is fastened if habits like smoking and drug intake grow.
Dr Jagadeesh Kumar V, consultant physician at KIMS Hospital, Secunderabad, says that when one bears the brunt of too many infections, the immune cells in the body take a hit. The advent of Covid has worsened this fear. Immune ageing, which is otherwise called inflammaging, points that inflammation in our body is growing or ageing. Every time a body undergoes inflammation or infection, peoples immunity ages. The cells lose their functional capacity once a person is infected, says he.
Talking about the aftermath of this, he says, people become obese, theyre vulnerable to infection, their cognition declines (memory comes down), comprehensive capacity and capability come down, etc. On a concluding note he adds that stress too, is a catalyst for immune ageing. Lack of sleep, unhealthy lifestyle lead to stress, which is making many prone to immune ageing and thus, to many diseases, he cautions.
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Your immunity has a life span - The New Indian Express
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PGA urges to protect the ocean, ensure its health and longevity – Raajjemv
Posted: at 12:40 am
Abdulla Shahid, President of the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has urged communities across the globe to protect the ocean and ensure its health and longevity.
He said this in his remarks at the opening ceremony of the 2022 UN Oceans Conference on Monday, where he spoke extensively on the concrete, demonstrable action required to underscore the commitment to save the ocean, to protect it against the threats - both human-driven and otherwise - that would take it away from us.
The PGA noted that the ocean being an essential part of life on this planet is an inescapable reality for him as a person and as a Maldivian, adding that for small islanders, coastal residents, workers dependent on tourism and coral reefs, fisherpersons and for all those who turn to the ocean for livelihood, for reprieve, and for enjoyment, this reality rings true.
I am a Maldivian. Whether I am here as President of the General Assembly or not, the ocean is in my blood; it runs through my lifes narrative, from childhood to parenthood; from my career in the Foreign Service to my Parliamentary experience, to what I represent today. I am from a large ocean State. I am a child of the ocean.
Abdulla Shahid, PGA.
Highlighting that beyond those who look to the blue horizon each day, the entirety of humanity relies upon the ocean for half of the oxygen that people intake, the PGA said that the ocean connects communities across the globe.
He added that the ocean connects humanity and the planet, adding that there is no context communities across the globe can live without it.
Stressing that the ocean conference came at a critical and timely opportunity, Shahid noted that on one hand the ocean faces countless threats from climate change to plastic pollution and from over-fishing to acidification and that on the other hand there is momentum.
In this regard, on Friday, we will adopt a declaration, that will give direction and set the tone for our future work. I was pleased to reappoint the Permanent Representative of Grenada, Ms. Keisha McGuire, and Permanent Representative of Denmark Mr. Martin Hermann, for this task. And I commend them and their experts Nerissa Williams and Mira Bergem, for delivering! And thank all Member States for their commitment.
Abdulla Shahid, PGA.
PGA Shahid stated that the 40th anniversary of the UN Convention on Law of the Sea has reiterated the shared responsibility for the ocean, adding that recent efforts such as the landmark agreement on ending plastic pollution and the new World Trade Organization deal on fisheries subsidies, gives cause for hope.
Further, Shahid said that there is optimism towards an international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.
He noted that solid partnerships across all stakeholders are being established and strengthened, as observed at the Our Ocean Conference in Palau earlier this year.
With this being said, he highlighted how there is a strong foundation to build upon and how the ocean conference can set the tone for what needs to be done.
PGA Shahid urged the global communities to not fall prey to shortsightedness or lack of ambition, to invest in, trust in, and act upon science.
Shahid, who also serves as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Maldives, also urged the people to protect the ocean, leverage its power, relish its beauty, cherish its diversity and ensure its health and longevity in order to save it.
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PGA urges to protect the ocean, ensure its health and longevity - Raajjemv
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Big Tech Dives into Healthcare With Google Parent Alphabet at the Forefront – The Quint
Posted: at 12:40 am
The market for wearable technology has grown a lot in the last ten years, with fitness and health tracking features being the main USP of most such devices in the market.
Googles 2021 acquisition of Fitbit for over $2 billion was their entry into the wearables market. Since then, the Pixel Watch has also entered the ring, with revolutionary new features.
Aside from the basic features like counting steps taken or calories burned, there are also new technologies being introduced like a sensor that can detect irregularities in the wearers pulse.
This sensor has recently received FDA approval, The Economist reports. Googles Pixel phone cameras can detect heart blood oxygen levels using image processing and their smart home devices can monitor sleep patterns by listening to snoring.
Apple is another strong player in this arena, with their whole arsenal of fitness and health tracking features on the Apple Watch and iPhone.
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Big Tech Dives into Healthcare With Google Parent Alphabet at the Forefront - The Quint
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What is Cloud Computing? Everything You Need to Know
Posted: at 12:39 am
What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the internet. These services are divided into three main categories or types of cloud computing: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS).
A cloud can be private or public. A public cloud sells services to anyone on the internet. A private cloud is a proprietary network or a data center that supplies hosted services to a limited number of people, with certain access and permissions settings. Private or public, the goal of cloud computing is to provide easy, scalable access to computing resources and IT services.
Cloud infrastructure involves the hardware and software components required for proper implementation of a cloud computing model. Cloud computing can also be thought of as utility computing or on-demand computing.
The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that's often used to represent the internet in flowcharts and diagrams.
Cloud computing works by enabling client devices to access data and cloud applications over the internet from remote physical servers, databases and computers.
An internet network connection links the front end, which includes the accessing client device, browser, network and cloud software applications, with the back end, which consists of databases, servers and computers. The back end functions as a repository, storing data that is accessed by the front end.
Communications between the front and back ends are managed by a central server. The central server relies on protocols to facilitate the exchange of data. The central server uses both software and middleware to manage connectivity between different client devices and cloud servers. Typically, there is a dedicated server for each individual application or workload.
Cloud computing relies heavily on virtualization and automation technologies. Virtualization enables the easy abstraction and provisioning of services and underlying cloud systems into logical entities that users can request and utilize. Automation and accompanying orchestration capabilities provide users with a high degree of self-service to provision resources, connect services and deploy workloads without direct intervention from the cloud provider's IT staff.
Cloud computing can be separated into three general service delivery categories or forms of cloud computing:
Private cloud services are delivered from a business's data center to internal users. With a private cloud, an organization builds and maintains its own underlying cloud infrastructure. This model offers the versatility and convenience of the cloud, while preserving the management, control and security common to local data centers. Internal users might or might not be billed for services through IT chargeback. Common private cloud technologies and vendors include VMware and OpenStack.
In the public cloud model, a third-party cloud service provider (CSP) delivers the cloud service over the internet. Public cloud services are sold on demand, typically by the minute or hour, though long-term commitments are available for many services. Customers only pay for the central processing unit cycles, storage or bandwidth they consume. Leading public CSPs include AWS, Microsoft Azure, IBM and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), as well as IBM, Oracle and Tencent.
A hybrid cloud is a combination of public cloud services and an on-premises private cloud, with orchestration and automation between the two. Companies can run mission-critical workloads or sensitive applications on the private cloud and use the public cloud to handle workload bursts or spikes in demand. The goal of a hybrid cloud is to create a unified, automated, scalable environment that takes advantage of all that a public cloud infrastructure can provide, while still maintaining control over mission-critical data.
In addition, organizations are increasingly embracing a multi-cloud model, or the use of multiple IaaS providers. This enables applications to migrate between different cloud providers or to even operate concurrently across two or more cloud providers.
Organizations adopt multi-cloud for various reasons. For example, they could do so to minimize the risk of a cloud service outage or to take advantage of more competitive pricing from a particular provider. Multi-cloud implementation and application development can be a challenge because of the differences between cloud providers' services and APIs.
Multi-cloud deployments should become easier, however, as providers' services and APIs converge and become more standardized through industry initiatives such as the Open Cloud Computing Interface.
A community cloud, which is shared by several organizations, supports a particular community that shares the same concerns -- e.g., the same mission, policy, security requirements and compliance considerations. A community cloud is either managed by these organizations or a third-party vendor and can be on or off premises.
Cloud computing has been around for several decades now, and today's cloud computing infrastructure demonstrates an array of characteristics that have brought meaningful benefits for businesses of all sizes. Some of the main characteristics of cloud computing are the following:
These characteristics support a variety of important benefits for modern business, including the following:
Despite the clear upsides to relying on cloud services, cloud computing carries its own challenges for IT professionals:
Cloud computing has evolved and diversified into a wide array of offerings and capabilities designed to suit almost any conceivable business need. Examples of cloud computing capabilities and diversity include the following:
So, how is the cloud actually used? The myriad services and capabilities found in modern public clouds have been applied across countless use cases, such as the following:
Given the many different services and capabilities of the public cloud, there has been some confusion between cloud computing and major uses, such as web hosting. While the public cloud is often used for web hosting, the two are quite different. A cloud service has three distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional web hosting:
The cloud service market has no shortage of providers. The three largest public CSPs that have established themselves as dominant fixtures in the industry are the following:
Other major CSPs include the following:
When considering a cloud service vendor, certain considerations should be taken. First, the actual suite of services can vary between providers, and business users must select a provider that offers services -- such as big data analytics or artificial intelligence (AI) services -- that support the intended use case.
Though cloud services typically rely on a pay-per-use model, different providers often have variations in their pricing plans to consider. Furthermore, if the cloud provider will be storing sensitive data, physical location of the provider's servers should also be considered.
Naturally, reliability and security should be top priorities. A provider's service-level agreement should specify a level of service uptime that is satisfactory to client business needs. When considering different cloud vendors, close attention should be given to what technologies and configuration settings are used to secure sensitive information.
Security remains a primary concern for businesses contemplating cloud adoption -- especially public cloud adoption. Public CSPs share their underlying hardware infrastructure between numerous customers, as the public cloud is a multi-tenant environment. This environment demands significant isolation between logical compute resources. At the same time, access to public cloud storage and compute resources is guarded by account login credentials.
Many organizations bound by complex regulatory obligations and governance standards are still hesitant to place data or workloads in the public cloud for fear of outages, loss or theft. However, this resistance is fading, as logical isolation has proven reliable and the addition of data encryption and various identity and access management tools have improved security within the public cloud.
Ultimately, the responsibility for establishing and maintaining a secure cloud environment falls to the individual business user that is responsible for building the workload's architecture -- the combination of cloud resources and services in which the workload runs -- and implementing the security features that the cloud provider offers.
The history and evolution of cloud computing date back to the 1950s and 1960s.
In the 1950s, companies started to use large mainframe computers, but it was too expensive to buy a computer for each user. So, during the late 1950s and early 1960s, a process called time sharing was developed to make more efficient use of expensive processor time on the central mainframe.
Time sharing enabled users to access numerous instances of computing mainframes simultaneously, maximizing processing power and minimizing downtime. This idea represents the first use of shared computing resources, the foundation of modern cloud computing.
The origins of delivering computing resources using a global network are, for the most part, rooted in 1969 when American computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider helped create the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, the so-called precursor to the internet. Licklider's goal was to connect computers across the globe in a way that would enable users to access programs and information from any location.
In the 1970s, cloud computing began taking a more tangible shape with the introduction of the first VMs, enabling users to run more than one computing system within a single physical setup. The functionality of these VMs led to the concept of virtualization, which had a major influence on the progress of cloud computing.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Microsoft, Apple and IBM developed technologies that enhanced the cloud environment and advanced the use of the cloud server and server hosting. Then, in 1999, Salesforce became the first company to deliver business applications from a website.
In 2006, Amazon launched AWS, providing such services as computing and storage in the cloud. Following suit, the other major tech players, including Microsoft and Google, subsequently launched their own cloud offerings to compete with AWS.
Over 30% of enterprise IT decision-makers identified public cloud as their top priority in 2019, according to the "RightScale 2019 State of the Cloud Report." Still, enterprise adoption of the public cloud, especially for mission-critical applications, hasn't been happening as quickly as many experts predicted.
Today, however, organizations are more likely to migrate mission-critical workloads to public clouds. One of the reasons for this shift is that business executives who want to ensure that their companies can compete in the new world of digital transformation are demanding the public cloud.
Business leaders are also looking to the public cloud to take advantage of its elasticity, modernize internal computer systems, and empower critical business units and their DevOps teams.
Additionally, cloud providers, such as IBM and VMware, are concentrating on meeting the needs of enterprise IT, in part by removing the barriers to public cloud adoption that caused IT decision-makers to shy away from fully embracing the public cloud previously.
Generally, when contemplating cloud adoption, many enterprises have been mainly focused on new cloud-native applications -- that is, designing and building applications specifically intended to use cloud services. They haven't been willing to move their most mission-critical apps into the public cloud. However, these enterprises are now beginning to realize that the cloud is ready for the enterprise if they select the right cloud platforms, i.e., those that have a history of serving the needs of the enterprise.
Cloud providers are locked in ongoing competition for cloud market share, so the public cloud continues to evolve, expand and diversify its range of services. This has led public IaaS providers to offer far more than common compute and storage instances.
For example, serverless, or event-driven, computing is a cloud service that executes specific functions, such as image processing and database updates. Traditional cloud deployments require users to establish a compute instance and load code into that instance. Then, the user decides how long to run -- and pay for -- that instance.
With serverless computing, developers simply create code, and the cloud provider loads and executes that code in response to real-world events so users don't have to worry about the server or instance aspect of the cloud deployment. Users only pay for the number of transactions that the function executes. AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions and Azure Functions are examples of serverless computing services.
Public cloud computing also lends itself well to big data processing, which demands enormous compute resources for relatively short durations. Cloud providers have responded with big data services, including Google BigQuery for large-scale data warehousing and Microsoft Azure Data Lake Analytics for processing huge data sets.
Another crop of emerging cloud technologies and services relates to AI and machine learning. These technologies provide a range of cloud-based, ready-to-use AI and machine learning services for client needs. Amazon Machine Learning, Amazon Lex, Amazon Polly, Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine and Google Cloud Speech API are examples of these services.
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