Monthly Archives: June 2022

To the right-wing, Democrat votes don’t count – Salon

Posted: June 5, 2022 at 2:38 am

When Joe Biden was hitting the campaign trail in 2020, he bragged about how during his decades in the U.S. Senate he was able to work with right-wing Republicans, find common ground and get productive legislation passed. Many of today's MAGA Republicans, in contrast, brag about refusing to compromise with Democrats and act as though millions of Democratic voters simply don't exist or don't matter.

That mindset was evident when Gavin Wax, president of the New York Young Republican Club, made aJune 2 appearance on One America News a cable news outlet that's known for promoting far-right conspiracy theories and prides itself on being to the right of Fox News and Fox Business. OAN's Kara McKinney brought Wax on the show "Tipping Point," which she hosts, to discuss gun control, and Wax's comments went beyond the usual gun lobby and National Rifle Association (NRA) talking points.

Wax told McKinney, "We certainly have a lower rate of mass shooting from many other countries across the world, and if you take out some of the big cities in the U.S. and the gang and drug-related instances of mass shootings, the United States is actually one of the safest places in the world. But of course, you know, the Democrats and the media are going to politicize and weaponize this issue because their end goal is to disarm law-abiding U.S. citizens and make us a less free country as a result."

First, the U.S. is much more violent than countries in Europe are known for being. Residents of the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Austria, Sweden and many other European countries are horrified by how common mass shootings are in the U.S., where a May 24 mass shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas left 19 children and two teachers dead. It came less than two weeks after a May 14mass shooting in Buffalo, New Yorkthat claimed ten lives.

Second, Wax's comments showed total indifference to residents of major urban areas, many of whom vote Democrat. Those comments reflect a MAGA mindset that the concerns of voters don't count if they live in large cities.

But Wax is hardly the only Republican who thinks that way. Just as Wax implied that voters who are worried about violence don't count if they are urban dwellers,Sen. Bill Cassidy of Louisianarecently commented that his state's high rate of maternal mortality isn't bad if you don't focus too heavily on African-American women.

Cassidy, in May, told Politico that when it comes to pregnancy-related deaths, "If you correct our population for race, we're not as much of an outlier as it'd otherwise appear."

Journalist Tat Bellamy-Walker, reporting on Cassidy for NBC News, explained, "Louisiana has some of the highest Black maternal death rates in the country. Areport from the state's health departmentshows that four Black mothers die for every White mother and two Black babies die for every one White baby. In the United States, Black mothers are three times more likely to die in childbirth than White mothers."

The fact that so many of the maternal deaths in Louisiana involve African-American women doesn't mean that Louisiana doesn't have a major problem with maternal deaths; in fact, it underscores the problem.

Following the 2020 presidential election, far-right Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a lawsuit seeking tothrow out millions of votesin four states that Biden won: Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin and Georgia. The fact that Biden was the clear favorite in Philadelphia, Detroit, Milwaukee and Atlanta all of which have a lot of Black voters didn't matter to Paxton, who couldn't have cared less about the will of voters in those cities. And he wanted their votes invalidated.

In aop-ed/essay published by the New York Timeson June 3, journalist Mimi Swartz executive editor of the Texas Monthly expresses her extreme frustration with Gov. Greg Abbott, arguing that he is totally indifferent to millions of Texans who aren't "hard-right culture warriors."

During his June 2 appearance on OAN, Wax angrily railed against "RINOs" (Republican in Name Only) who are willing to work with Democrats on gun control legislation. Wax's mindset is very much an us-versus-them mentality, and in today's Republican Party, it isn't at all uncommon.

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To the right-wing, Democrat votes don't count - Salon

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‘What Hunter Biden did was wrong’: Democrat blasts the first son – Washington Examiner

Posted: at 2:38 am

Former Rep. Max Rose (D-NY) went against his party to condemn Hunter Biden's involvement in Ukrainian energy company Burisma as a conflict of interest.

Rose, who was ousted in the 2020 elections from his seat in a swing district covering Staten Island, said the New York Post got a "raw deal" when its report on Biden's laptop being abandoned at a repair shop in Delaware was censored across several social media. Other organizations have since corroborated the October 2020 report showing evidence that Biden and his father, who was the vice president at the time, held a meeting with Burisma Holdings adviser Vadym Pozharskyi.

"There is no doubt in my mind that what Hunter Biden did was wrong, being on the Burisma board and engaging in whatever else he dealt with, Rose said.

ADDICTION, INFIDELITY, AND SHAME: HUNTER BIDEN'S EX-WIFE OPENS UP ABOUT MARRIAGE

The former congressman served in President Joe Biden's administration as a senior adviser on COVID-19 to Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin. After serving in the administration for a year, Rose gave the president a "B-" grade.

"Theres no doubt that the actual execution of the withdrawal was tragic in nature," the former Afghan veteran said. "It was difficult to see."

Rose, who is running against his successor, Rep. Nicole Malliotakis (R-NY), to reclaim the Staten Island district, alluded to other members of his party shying away from tough primary battles. He swiped at the decision of Rep. Mondaire Jones (D-NY), who represents the 17th Congressional District, not to run in either of the newly drawn 16th or 18th Districts after the map was finalized in the wake of the 2020 census, but rather to run in the 10th District, roughly 40 miles south of his home.

What kind of message does it send when Democrats run away to different districts because they think having to earn the votes of Republicans and independents means their political career is over? Rose said Monday. If we can only win in seats where Joe Biden won by more than 10 points, then we will never build the coalition we need to end gun violence, protect a womans right to choose, and make this country affordable. And frankly, the Democratic Party doesnt deserve to win if its willing to give up earning the trust of every American.

The centrist backs some preferred Republican policies, such as hardening schools with increased security and increasing drilling on U.S. soil to relieve high gas prices.

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Democrats across New York have scrambled to find new home districts after the lines drawn by a special master were finalized in late May. The new map drew the homes of some representatives, including Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, out of the districts they represent and pitted incumbents, notably longtime Reps. Jerry Nadler and Carolyn Maloney, against each other.

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'What Hunter Biden did was wrong': Democrat blasts the first son - Washington Examiner

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Debunking the zombie claim that ‘dead people always vote Democrat’ – PolitiFact

Posted: at 2:38 am

Kevin Rinkes latest campaign ad is nothing if not eye-catching.

The ad, designed to bolster the Michigan car dealers campaign for the Republican gubernatorial nomination, features Rinke standing next to an actor made up to look like a zombie wearing a Biden-Harris T-shirt and multiple "I voted" stickers.

"Why is it that dead people always vote Democrat(ic)?" Rinke says, motioning to the zombie with bugged-out eyes and a wide-open mouth. Rinke goes on to accuse Democratic Gov. Gretchen Whitmer of failing to crack down on voter fraud, saying that if he wins the governorship, hell make sure that voters are "registered, identified and alive."

Katie Martin, a spokesperson for the Rinke campaign, said that a "quick Google search will show multiple news articles on deceased voters voting in elections."

Ballots cast on behalf of dead people does happen, though its a tiny fraction of all votes. However, a Google search like the one the Rinke campaign requested actually shows that its assertion that dead people "always" vote Democratic is itself a zombie claim and no less mythical than an actual zombie.

"This ad is so incorrect it gave me a headache," said Thessalia Merivaki, a political scientist at Mississippi State University who studies voter fraud. She said there is "zero evidence" that ballots cast by dead people account for more than a tiny fraction of all votes recorded, and theres also "zero evidence" that such ballots have uniformly been cast in favor of Democrats, Merivaki added.

Allegations of voter fraud in Michigan

Politicians aligned with former President Donald Trump have consistently raised the specter of voter fraud to explain how Trump could have lost the state to Joe Biden by more than 154,000 votes in the 2020 presidential race after winning it in 2016. But none of these claims hold water.

For instance, a viral tweet said Wayne County home to Detroit saw thousands of ballots cast by deceased voters. However, the list contained names of voters outside the county; several were not listed as ever having received or cast an absentee ballot; and at least one voter listed said she was alive and cast a ballot in the election.

The Michigan Secretary of States office has previously said that it is "not aware of a single confirmed case showing that a ballot was actually cast on behalf of a deceased individual in the state."

Officials have ways to flag deceased voters, and clerks across the state successfully identified thousands of voters who submitted absentee ballots in 2020 but died before Election Day. Their ballots werent counted. In total, clerks across Michigan rejected 3,469 absentee ballots cast by people who were alive when they returned them but died before Election Day on Nov. 3, 2020.

A review by Michigans Office of the Auditor General thoroughly debunked charges by Trump and his allies that thousands of ballots were cast on behalf of dead Michigan voters in the 2020 election. The vast majority 98.8% of votes cast by those who died before the 2020 election passed away less than 40 days before Election Day.

Ballots cast on behalf of dead voters are rare in other states, too. Merivaki pointed to a 2021 study of Washington states vote-by-mail program, a system that is used statewide. The analysis found "extraordinarily low rates of potential fraud related to deceased individuals ballots."

The study concluded that "among roughly 4.5 million distinct voters in Washington state (2011-18), we estimate that there are 14 deceased individuals whose ballots might have been cast suspiciously long after their death, representing 0.0003% of voters. Even these few cases may reflect two individuals with the same name and birth date, or clerical errors, rather than fraud."

An official review in Georgia found that in the 2020 election, just four absentee ballots were cast on behalf of deceased voters.

What fraud cases do exist include many examples of voters acting in grief over the loss of a relative.

For instance, in Pierce County, Washington, auditor Julie Anderson found five instances of ballot fraud on behalf of dead voters in the 2020 election, several of which were cast by "a household member who firmly believes their loved one would have wanted to vote and wanted to participate," the Tacoma News-Tribune reported. (The newspaper did not report the partisan affiliation of the voters.)

What is the partisan affiliation of ballots cast for dead voters?

States like Michigan typically make public whether a voter has cast a ballot in a given election, but they do not specify for whom an individual has voted. In fact, the government doesnt even know how someone voted because a marked-up absentee ballot is removed from its envelope before being counted, a process that separates specific votes cast from a voters identifying information.

When we combed news reports in recent years for cases of ballot fraud on behalf of deceased voters, we found that Republicans were more often the perpetrators. This does not mean that only Republicans perpetrate this kind of fraud; ours is not a scientific study, and its possible that other occurrences, by either Democrats or Republicans, have not been detected or reported on. (One study commissioned by WBBM-TV in Chicago found that 119 ballots were cast on behalf of dead people in the city over the decade ending in 2016; while the city is heavily Democratic, the partisan leanings of the perpetrators are unclear.)

Regardless, the presence of any Republicans committing this sort of voter fraud is enough to undercut Rinkes sweeping statement that only Democrats do it.

Here are some examples:

Nevada: In the aftermath of Bidens roughly 34,000-vote win over Trump in Nevada, Donald Kirk Hartle, a Republican, told KLAS-TV that he was "surprised" to see that his wife cast a ballot "because she passed away three years ago. That is pretty sickening to me, to be honest with you."

While Hartles story quickly gained attention from GOP leaders and pundits who were questioning the results of the states presidential vote, the tale eventually fell apart, as investigators concluded that Hartle himself had cast the fraudulent ballot.

Hartle pleaded guilty to one count of voting more than once in an election, receiving a sentence of probation and a $2,000 fine.

Pennsylvania: Bruce Bartman from Marple voted on behalf of his late mother in the 2020 presidential election. He pleaded guilty to two counts of perjury and one count of unlawful voting and was sentenced to five years of probation.

Bartman said his illegal vote was cast for Donald Trump, the Associated Press reported. He also registered his late mother-in-law but did not secure an absentee ballot for her.

Bartman apologized, telling the court, "I was isolated last year in lockdown. I listened to too much propaganda and made a stupid mistake."

Meanwhile, in August 2021, a man from the Wilkes-Barre area pleaded guilty to a third-degree misdemeanor not for voting fraudulently but for filing an absentee ballot application in the name of his late mother. The application cited a need to vote absentee because the mans mother was purportedly "visiting great grand kids Oct. 24-Nov. 10."

The defendant, Robert Richard Lynn, was a registered Republican, the Times-Leader newspaper reported, citing state records. He was sentenced to six months of probation and 40 hours of community service.

Florida: In 2020, voter Larry Wiggins of Manatee County tried to "test" the system by requesting a ballot for his late wife. "I heard so much about ballots being sent in and people just having found them in different places," Wiggins told WFLA-TV. "I feel like I havent done anything wrong." He told the Tampa station, "I said, Well, let me just send it in and see whats going to happen, to see if theyre actually going to send a ballot for her to vote."

The request was flagged by the local elections office when it went through standard identity checks, so Wiggins did not receive a ballot. Instead, his case received a criminal referral. He pleaded no contest and was sentenced to 24 months of probation and 100 hours of community service.

Wiggins told WFLA that he was a Democrat who supported Trump.

Arizona: Tracey Kay McKee of Phoenix cast her late mothers ballot in the 2020 general election. She was sentenced to two years of probation, fines and community service.

Both McKee and her recently deceased mother were registered Republicans, the Associated Press reported. In court, prosecutors noted that McKee railed against absentee voting during an interview with investigators in which she denied casting the ballot herself, saying, "I dont believe that this was a fair election. I do believe there was a lot of voter fraud."

Colorado: In 2017, a woman from Golden pleaded guilty to voting twice for her late father. Toni Lee Newbill had cast ballots in the 2013 general election and the 2016 Republican primary.

Our ruling

Rinke said, "Dead people always vote Democrat."

Not every case of voting on behalf of the dead has been discovered, adjudicated in court, and received media coverage. However, six cases that have surfaced during the past five years produced either a plea of guilty or no contest, and in each case the defendant was either a registered Republican or acknowledged voting for Trump.

Even this small number of cases is enough to invalidate Rinkes sweeping statement that only Democrats do this.

We rate the statement False.

RELATED: All of our fact-checks about elections

RELATED: All of our fact-checks about Michigan

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A Georgia Mystery: How Many Democrats Voted in the G.O.P. Primary? – The New York Times

Posted: at 2:38 am

ATLANTA One look at the results of Georgias primary election last week led many Republicans to believe it was the product of Democratic meddling. Former President Donald J. Trumps recruited challengers lost in grand fashion in his most sought-after races: David Perdue was routed by Gov. Brian Kemp by more than 50 percentage points, while Representative Jody Hice fell to Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger by nearly 20.

Mr. Trump and his allies pointed to so-called Democratic crossover voters as the cause of their shellackings. In Georgias open primary system, Democrats and Republicans can vote in the other partys primary if they wish, and more than 37,000 people cast early ballots in this years Republican primary election after voting in the Democratic primary in 2020.

Some Democrats, for their part, staked a claim to these voters, arguing that they had crossed over to strategically support candidates who reject Mr. Trumps falsehoods about the 2020 election. Most of the crossover voters, the Democrats said, would return to the party in November.

But a closer look at these voters paints a more complicated picture. Just 7 percent of those who voted early during last months Republican primary cast ballots for Democrats in that partys 2020 primary election, according to the data firm L2. And 70 percent of this years crossover voters who cast early ballots in the G.O.P. primary had participated in both Democratic and Republican primaries over the last decade.

These voters, data suggests, are less Republican traitors or stalwart Democrats aiming to stop Trump loyalists than they are highly sought-after and unpredictable swing voters.

I didnt want any of the Trumpsters becoming a candidate, said Frances Cooper, 43, who voted in Columbia County, two hours east of Atlanta.

A self-described moderate, Ms. Cooper said that she had voted in both Democratic and Republican primaries in the past, and that she could often vote either way. This time, she said, Mr. Kemp had been pretty good, and was the best of our options. She was undecided about the November general election for governor, but if anything leaning toward Kemp.

Voters like Ms. Cooper base their choices in every election on multiple variables: their political leanings, how competitive one partys primary might be or the overall environment in any given election year, among others. Some Democratic voters in deep-red counties opted for a Republican ballot because they believed it would be a more effective vote. Others, frustrated with leadership in Washington, voted according to their misgivings.

Many unknowns still remain. The current data on crossover voters includes only those who cast ballots during Georgias three-week early voting period, when the most politically engaged people tend to vote. In addition to traditional swing voters or disaffected Democrats, a portion of those who crossed over were indeed probably Democratic voters switching strategically to the Republican primary to spite the former president.

Yet the crossover voters who cast early ballots in last months Republican primary are not demographically representative of Georgias multiracial Democratic base, which also includes a growing number of young voters. Fifty-five percent of these early crossover voters were above the age of 65, and 85 percent were white, according to voter registration data. Less than 3 percent were between the ages of 18 and 29.

It is unclear whether a majority of these voters will return to support Democrats this November, as some in the party expect, or whether they will vote again for Republicans in large numbers.

I think theres a real danger on the part of Democrats in Georgia to just assume that they arent going to lose some of those voters from 2020, said Erik Iverson, a Republican pollster who works with Georgia campaigns.

No race has attracted more debate about crossover voting than the Republican primary for secretary of state, in which Mr. Raffensperger, the incumbent, who had rejected attempts to subvert the 2020 election, defeated Mr. Hice, a Trump-endorsed challenger.

Though Mr. Raffensperger won by almost 20 points, he escaped being forced into a runoff election by finishing with 52.3 percent of the vote, or 2.3 percent above the majority threshold that would have prompted a runoff.

Operatives on both sides of the aisle have speculated that crossover voting was a chief reason that Mr. Raffensperger avoided a runoff. But drawing such a conclusion ignores the many reasons for crossover voting in Georgia, and probably overestimates the number of true Democrats voting for Mr. Raffensperger.

That would be an awful lot of crossover voting, said Scott H. Ainsworth, a professor of political science at the University of Georgia, adding that Mr. Raffenspergers nearly 30,000-vote margin to avoid a runoff had most likely been spurred by more than just meandering former Democratic primary voters.

Still, that hasnt dissuaded some from pointing to crossover voters as a root cause of Mr. Raffenspergers success.

Representative Adam Kinzinger of Illinois, a Republican who founded the group Country First, which supports pro-democracy G.O.P. candidates, cited the Georgia secretary of states victory as proof of his organizations effectiveness.

Why are these midterms so important? This years races could tip the balance of power in Congress to Republicans, hobbling President Bidens agenda for the second half of his term. They will also test former President Donald J. Trumps role as a G.O.P. kingmaker. Heres what to know:

What are the midterm elections? Midterms take place two years after a presidential election, at the midpoint of a presidential term hence the name. This year, a lot of seats are up for grabs, including all 435 House seats, 35 of the 100 Senate seats and 36 of 50 governorships.

What do the midterms mean for Biden? With slim majorities in Congress, Democrats have struggled to pass Mr. Bidens agenda. Republican control of the House or Senate would make the presidents legislative goals a near-impossibility.

What are the races to watch? Only a handful of seats will determine if Democrats maintain control of the House over Republicans, and a single state could shift power in the 50-50 Senate. Here are 10 races to watch in the Houseand Senate, as well as several key governors contests.

When are the key races taking place? The primary gauntletis already underway. Closely watched racesin Pennsylvania, North Carolina and Georgia wereheld in May, with more taking place through the summer. Primaries run until September before the general election on Nov. 8.

Go deeper. What is redistrictingand how does it affect the midterm elections? How does polling work? How do you register to vote? Weve got more answers to your pressing midterm questions here.

I have no doubt we made the impact, Mr. Kinzinger said. His group distributed mailers, sent text messages and ran television ads in support of Mr. Raffensperger. The groups message to Georgia Democrats, who had largely noncompetitive races for governor and Senate, was to vote in the Republican primary instead. Mr. Kinzinger said the efforts helped Mr. Raffensperger avoid a runoff.

The organization has tried to lift candidates in states including Texas and North Carolina, where it successfully helped to oust Representative Madison Cawthorn. The group has plans to support candidates in Michigan and to defend Republican incumbents like Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Representative Liz Cheney of Wyoming.

Sometimes, the motivation for Democrats or Republicans to cross over into the other partys primary goes deeper than statewide contests. For example, if voters are drawn into a noncompetitive district, they will sometimes vote in the other partys primary if it will essentially determine the general election winner.

Take Clarke County in Georgia. Home to Athens, a Democratic-leaning city, the county is wholly contained in the 10th Congressional District, a decidedly Republican seat held by Mr. Hice (he did not run for re-election because he was running for secretary of state). In Clarke County, roughly 900 voters who cast early ballots in the Republican primary had voted in the Democratic primary in 2020, one of the largest county totals of crossover voters outside the Atlanta area.

Those voters, however, may not have been focused on the statewide races but on the closely contested primary election to replace Mr. Hice. Whoever prevailed in the multicandidate Republican primary was likely to win in November in a district that Mr. Hice carried by 25 points in 2020.

Theres a lot of Democrats in Athens and Clarke County who will have no meaningful voice in their choice for Congress unless they vote in the primary, said Anthony Michael Kreis, a law professor at Georgia State University. There are probably some Democratic voters who were just voting quite rationally in the sense that they wanted their voice heard in a House race, and that is their only meaningful opportunity to do so.

Nate Cohn contributed reporting.

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A Georgia Mystery: How Many Democrats Voted in the G.O.P. Primary? - The New York Times

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20 states vying to be first to vet 2024 Democratic presidential hopefuls – CBS News

Posted: at 2:38 am

Twenty state Democratic parties are moving forward with efforts to be the first to vote in the 2024 presidential Democratic primaries a potential change that will attract more attention if President Biden decides not to run for reelection.

All four of the states that have kicked off the nominating process since 2008, Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina, confirmed to CBS News that they are submitting applications to remain in the early window.

Iowa is fighting to keep its first-in-the-nation status, following the chaotic caucuses in 2020, when ittook days to release resultsdue to an issue with reporting software. Some Democrats have said that Iowa's lack of diversity and competitiveness during recent general elections should also cost the state its spot.

Fourteen other states, Puerto Rico and Democrats Abroad are also vying for the early window. They indicated in early May that they wanted to be among the first nominating contests. Applications are due by the end of the day on Friday.

The states that have confirmed they're turning in their applications include Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Texas and Washington.

The Democratic National Committee's Rules and Bylaws Committee (RBC) approved criteria in April for selecting up to five states to be in the early window. The committee's three main criteria for selecting the states will be diversity, competitiveness and feasibility. At least one state is to be selected from the East, Midwest, South and West regions.

Multiple sources told CBS News that Michigan and Minnesota are both considered strong candidates and at least one of them could get into the early window. If one of those states were to move into the early window, it's unclear what impact that would have on Iowa, another Midwestern state, which has held the first nominating contest for decades.

Michigan would need approval from its legislature, which is currently controlled by Republicans, to move the primary date. A source familiar told CBS News that Michigan Democrats are working with a lobbying firm to help with their presentation and the GOP issue.

For Minnesota to move its primary date, the state's Democratic and Republican party chairs would have to reach an agreement. The fact that the state does not have to rely on a GOP state legislature to change their primary date is a selling point for its pitch to the DNC.

Minnesota's Democratic Party has been in ongoing talks with its GOP counterparts. A source familiar with the party's bid says Republicans recognize "the significant benefits that would come with being an early primary state."

David Hann, the chair of the Minnesota Republican Party, told CBS News that he spoke with Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Chair Ken Martin about the Democrats' efforts to move up into the early window. But he said that he hasn't been officially asked about moving the date and would want to know what the RNC rules would allow.

"We have not given any opinion about it," Hann said. "I'd want to talk to the Republican National Committee to find out exactly what rules may exist about our ability to change the primary date."

According to the RNC's rules, states that hold elections prior to March 1 "violate the calendar" and will lose delegates. There are avenues for them to apply for a waiver and be exempt from the rules.

While the Democrats are weighing significant changes to their early primary calendar, the Republican calendar will remain the same as it was in 2020, meaning Iowa Republicans will hold the first contest for the GOP.

Should the order of states changes, the effects may not be fully evident in 2024, when the president is expected to run for reelection. In that case, a few states could cancel their primaries if not enough challengers qualify for the ballot. Four states canceled their primaries in 2012, when President Obama was running for his second term.

The RBC will hear presentations on June 22 and 23 before making a decision on which states will enter the early window during its meetings on Aug. 5 and 6.

It's possible that not all parties that apply to get into the early window will have a chance to make their case in a presentation, according to an email obtained by CBS News that was sent to state parties in late May.

"RBC Co-Chairs Jim Roosevelt and Minyon Moore will select a subset of states to make presentations to the RBC during the June 22-24 meeting in Washington, DC," the email said. "The Co-Chairs will make their determination after applications are submitted by a date to be announced prior to the deadline. Parties not selected to present may contact Party Affairs to arrange a meeting with the Co-Chairs to discuss the determination."

Applicants were asked to address questions about diversity, competitiveness and feasibility, according to a document obtained by CBS News. The resolution approved in April defined diversity as racial, ethnic, geographic and economic diversity, as well as union representation.

The questions around competitiveness ask states how holding an early contest there would help Democrats in a presidential general election and to highlight any gains made by Democrats in the state since 2012. The feasibility questions asked how a primary date is set, how a date could be changed and whether there have been conversations with state officials about moving the primary into the early window.

For states that hold caucuses or party-run primaries, rather than state-run primaries, there are additional questions about why the state uses that method of voting, any changes that would be made for 2024 and the number of caucus or voting locations. Throughout the discussions about the early window, several RBC members and speakers on listening sessions were critical of the caucus process.

Another factor to be considered is the cost of television advertising in a state. That could especially impact states like Illinois, New York, New Jersey and Texas, which have especially large media markets.

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Democrat Robert Rivas is poised to be next Assembly speaker – Los Angeles Times

Posted: at 2:38 am

Robert Rivas, a San Benito County Democrat and an advocate for farmworkers, secured the support Tuesday from his current Democratic colleagues to become the next speaker of the California Assembly.

The announcement was made Tuesday night in a joint statement with Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Lakewood) at the conclusion of a lengthy closed-door meeting of Assembly Democrats, capping off a tumultuous few days as they each sought control of the lower house.

The two legislators offered no timeline for a transition of power to Rivas, who said the caucus wants to keep Rendon in charge until at least the end of the legislative session in August. The statement was not clear on when Rivas would succeed Rendon or how long he will have to hold his supporters together to officially secure the job.

I applaud Robert Rivas for securing the support of a majority of the current Democratic Caucus to succeed me as Speaker of the Assembly, Rendon said in the statement.

I agree with the majority of our current caucus that Speaker Rendon should remain as Speaker for at least the rest of this legislative session, Rivas said. I look forward to working with him for the betterment of California and the unity of the Assembly Democratic Caucus.

Democrats currently hold 58 of the chambers 80 seats.

The November election will bring a new crop of lawmakers to the Assembly to fill seats left vacant by legislators who have resigned, termed out, or declined to run for reelection. Rivas could have to earn the support of incoming lawmakers later this year if he is not officially confirmed as speaker before they take the oath of office in December.

The ascension of Rivas would signal the beginning of the end of Rendons more than six years as the most powerful legislator in the lower house and the longest-serving California Assembly speaker in the last quarter of a century.

Leadership changes in the Legislature are often negotiated in private and announced in a joint statement between the outgoing and incoming leader. But Rivas effort to replace Rendon turned into an unusual power struggle.

Rivas, 42, first approached Rendon on Friday, claiming to have secured commitments of support for his bid to become speaker from a majority of Assembly Democrats. But Rendon initially rebuffed Rivas attempt to be acknowledged as his successor.

Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Lakewood) has served as leader of the lower house since 2016.

(Associated Press)

Several hours after the contentious meeting on Friday, Rivas sent out a press release announcing that he had secured enough votes from members of the Democratic Caucus to become the next Speaker of the California State Assembly.

All members of the Assembly, regardless of party, vote on the choice of the houses speaker. Typically a formal vote to elect a speaker takes place when a new legislative session convenes and a leadership transition is put in place, but aspiring leaders sometimes push for an informal agreement when they earn enough support in the majority caucus.

Both lawmakers worked to shore up support to their side over the weekend, while some of their allies launched blistering attacks on social media.

On Tuesday, Rivas supporters in the Assembly forced a private caucus meeting shortly after the Assembly floor session began.

Rendons supporters wanted to postpone the caucus until after Tuesdays floor session ended. A few Republicans joined Rivas group of progressive and moderate allies in a series of procedural votes to convene a caucus, in which Democratic lawmakers spent several hours discussing the potential speakership succession. Lawmakers said that no vote was taken in that meeting.

The expected change would mark a power shift in the Legislature and likely lead to a shuffling of committee chairs and other key positions. Whether theres a substantial policy difference between Rivas and Rendon remains to be seen.

A cornerstone of Rendons leadership philosophy has been to delegate his offices power, giving committee chairs more control over the fate of legislation. As opposed to a top-down style favored by some Assembly leaders in the past, his approach made committee chairs more influential with interest groups at the state Capitol and, in turn, made those lawmakers among his most powerful allies.

Rivas was elected in 2018. The Latino lawmakers Assembly biography says he was raised by his single mother and grandparents in Paicines, where his grandfather was a farmworker. He was elected to the San Benito County Board of Supervisors in 2010 and served two four-year terms. His current Assembly district, considered a safe Democratic seat, includes Big Sur, Gilroy, Salinas, Watsonville and a smattering of other communities along the Central Coast.

The California Labor Federation, an umbrella organization that represents more than 1,000 labor unions and 2 million workers, gave Rivas a 95% voting score during his time in the Assembly, which means he has backed nearly all labor proposals that came before him.

The United Food and Commercial Workers, consumer attorneys, firefighters and the Service Employees International Unions California State Council funded an independent expenditure committee to support his first race for the Assembly. He also received support from charter schools and the California Building Industry Association. Oil companies opposed his campaign.

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State Republicans say stalled Democrat election bill an attempt to ‘rig the system’ – Times Union

Posted: at 2:38 am

ALBANY State Republican Party leadership on Tuesday cast an already stalled proposal by Democrats to align local elections with the presidential and gubernatorial cycles as not an attempt to increase voter turnout, but rather to "rig the system" and "illegally seize power."

The state of the final week of the legislative session for Democrats remain issues like access to firearms and reproductive health care. Republican leaders turned out in full force outside the state Capitol on Tuesday to knock down a bill they described as having a "chilling effect" on the shape of local elections and, consequently, could lead to fewer Republicans holding local office.

"They are once again on a mission to illegally seize power and offend our entire election system in this great state," state GOP Chairman Nick Langworthy said. Democrats, he said, are "focused on rigging the system to put themselves into permanent power at every local government."

The Republicans went forward with their news conference even as it was reported that the legislation had stalled. Democrats said it requires public hearings before any action would be taken.

The bill, sponsored by state Sen. James Skoufis, D-Cornwall, and Assemblywoman Amy Paulin, D-Scarsdale, would require elections outside of New York City to be held on even years, which align with gubernatorial and presidential elections.

Turnout is exceptionally higher in even years, which draws high-profile statewide or nationwide races. Last year, 28 percent of active registered voters in New York cast a ballot compared to 70 percent in 2020 during the presidential cycle, according to state Board of Election data.

"This is a brazen, craven political power grab at its most naked form," state Senate Minority Leader Rob Ortt said.

The proposal was filed in December but amended in recent days.

The New York State Association of Counties expressed concern about it, according to Langworthy, which led to Republican Party leading a publicity blitz to stop the legislation. A fundraising email from the state GOP asked people to contribute to the party to help "protect free and fair elections in New York."

Absent from the fundraising pitch and the speeches Tuesday were mention of a host of election reforms that Democrats have either already passed or expect to push through in the final days of session.

Senate Democrats have also passed legislation this month to create mandatory training for elections commissioners and making them full-time employees, in addition to reforming the New York City Board of Elections and establishing a poll worker training curriculum.

The Senate Majority said Tuesday it plans to pass the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act this week, which the majority office described as the "most robust voter protections at any state level in the United States and provide legal recourse for denying or abridging any individuals right to vote."

"I am proud that New York is standing as a true bastion of voting rights despite the anti-democratic rollbacks being set forth by Republicans across the nation," Senate Majority Leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins said in a statement.

State Senate Minority Leader Rob Ortt, when asked about whether he supports the Voting Rights Act and other Democrat-sponsored reforms, questioned the intent of the bill package given the current election laws on the books.

"I don't see the legitimate reason why we need to continue to push these," Ortt said. "I think it's about something else. I think it's about cementing a power base as opposed to actually making voting easy, which is very easy here in New York."

Ortt added: "We talk about voting integrity. They talk about voting suppression. They always say voting fraud is a myth. Show me the voting suppression. Show me where somebody who wants to vote cannot vote."

Assembly Minority Leader Will Barclay, when asked about the Voting Rights Act, pointed attention back to the Democrat's bill on even year elections while noting, "we certainly are not against turnout and making voting easier."

"I'm not sure what they're proposing, but listen, we're open," Barclay said. "But one thing we want to make sure and why I get suspicious, very often they do it for political advantage versus really trying to help people get access to the polls."

State Sen. Zellnor Myrie, D-Brooklyn, who chairs the Senate Election Committee and sponsored the Voting Rights Act, said in a statement that, "while states across the country have worked overtime to restrict voting rights, the New York (legislation) will strengthen protections for all voters, especially those who have historically been disenfranchised."

The GOP news conference that was billed as an "election integrity rally" featured state leaders and local elected officials including Rensselaer County Executive Steve McLaughlin, who is accused of misusing campaign funds and falsifying campaign finance filings in a pending indictment being prosecuted by the state attorney general's office.

McLaughlin called the dead legislation a "heat-seeking missile." He hinted at possible legal action by Republicans if the bill were to pass, saying that Democrats have "no right to supersede our charter."

Langworthy went a step further, saying if the bill were to pass and Gov. Kathy Hochul doesn't veto it, the party is ready to file legal action similar to the recent case they brought that overturned the political boundary maps drawn by Democrats in the Legislature.

"If she refuses to do so, let this be a warning, we will do everything in our power to stop this from becoming law," Langworthy said.

Langworthy also said he is concerned Democrats want races to focus on national issues that could benefit their candidates. Local races, although they have substantially lower turnout, should focus on issues closer to home, he said. In even year races, airtime is often filled with expensive advertisements from statewide and national candidates, pushing down-ballot issues off center stage.

When asked about how Republicans running in school board races focused on the national topic of "critical race theory," and how that factors into races focused on local issues, he said, "there's nothing more local than the curriculum your kids are fed at school."

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Where Democrats and Republicans Live in Florida – Florida for Boomers

Posted: at 2:38 am

In my opinion, choosing where to retire primarily based on the political makeup of a place is a big mistake.

There are so many other factors that should take precedence like weather, cost of living, availability of recreation/entertainment opportunities, quality healthcare, and so much more.

But I know in todays political climate, a places politics do play a big role for many people.

With that in mind, I present to you this breakdown of the political leanings of various parts of Florida.

Most of the data presented here comes from BestPlaces.net, and if you'd like to dive deeper into the politics of any specific place not listed below, that's a great place to start.

Again, I cant stress enough, I hope you dont look at this list and rule out specific places just because of its political makeup before taking all factors into consideration.

On to the list!

The criteria I used for this was any place with one party in the 50% range in the last Presidential election.

When I survey my readers about what part of Florida they are most interested in moving to, this part of Florida always comes out on top.

In the TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater Metro Area 48.3% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 50.4% voted Republican.

The Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater metro area voted Republican in 2020, 2016 and 2004, and Democratic in 2012, 2008 and 2000.

Jumping over to the east coast, in the Port St. Lucie Metro Area 45.1% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 54.1% voted Republican.

The Port St. Lucie metro area voted Republican in 2020, 2016, 2012 and 2004, and Democratic in 2008 and 2000.

In the OrlandoKissimmee-Sanford Metro Area 55.3% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 43.4% voted Republican.

The Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford metro area voted Democratic in the four most recent Presidential elections, after 2000 and 2004 went Republican.

Home to Florida's second best-selling community, Lakewood Ranch, the North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton Metro Area saw 42.9% of the people vote Democrat in the last presidential election and 56.0% vote Republican.

The North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Home to the world's first Latitude Margaritaville 55+ community, the Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach Metro Area saw 41.8% of the people vote Democrat in the last presidential election and 57.0% vote Republican.

The Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach metro area has voted Republican in three most recent Presidential elections, after voting Democratic in the previous three.

In Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville Metro Area 41.1% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 57.5% voted Republican. The Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

In the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach Metro Area 57.5% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 41.7% voted Republican. The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area has favored the Democratic in every Presidential election since 2000

Located about an hour southwest of Orlando, the Lakeland-Winter Haven Metro Area saw 42.2% of people vote Democrat in the last presidential election and 56.6% vote Republican. The Lakeland-Winter Haven metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

In the Jacksonville Metro Area 43.5% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 55.0% voted Republican. The Jacksonville metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

In the Key West Metro Area 45.5% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 53.4% voted Republican.

The criteria I used for this category is any place where greater than ~60% voted Democrat in the last Presidential election.

In the Gainesville Metro Area 59.8% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 38.6% voted Republican.

The Gainesville metro area has favored the Democratic in every Presidential election since 2000.

In the Tallahassee Metro Area 60.2% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 38.4% voted Republican. The Tallahassee metro area has favored the Democratic in every Presidential election since 2000.

In my research, I could not find any metros that could be considered Democrat strongholds according to the methodology I used for this analysis.

The criteria I used for this is any place where greater than ~60% voted Republican in the last Presidential election.

George W. Bush and Donald Trump have visited The Villages on multiple occasions, and based on what is often reported in the news, you might think The Villages is the most Republican place in Florida.

But according to how I'm grouping different areas for this article, it's not even classified as a Republican stronghold. Definitely strongly leaning, but not quite a stronghold.

In The Villages Metro Area 31.7% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 67.8% voted Republican. The Villages metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

The Ocala area is home to several 55+ communities, like On Top of the World and Del Webb Stone Creek.

In the Ocala Metro Area 36.6% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 62.4% voted Republican. The Ocala metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Located in Southwest Florida, the Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island Metro Area saw 37.3% of the people vote Democrat in the last presidential election and 61.9% vote Republican.

The Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Also in Southwest Florida, in the Cape CoralFort Myers Metro Area 39.9% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 59.1% voted Republican. The Cape Coral-Fort Myers metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Located about 2 hours due south of Orlando, in the Sebring Metro Area 32.4% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 66.8% voted Republican. The Sebring metro area favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Located on Florida's east coast, about 30 miles north of Port St. Lucie, the Sebastian-Vero Beach Metro Area saw 38.7% of the people vote Democrat in the last presidential election and 60.2% vote Republican. The Sebastian-Vero Beach metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Punta Gorda is in Southwest Florida, about 25 miles north of Fort Myers.

In the Punta Gorda Metro Area 36.3% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 62.8% voted Republican. The Punta Gorda metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

This is the westernmost part of the Florida Panhandle, just before you get to Alabama.

Home to the iconic U.S. Navy Blue Angels, the Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent Metro Area saw 35.7% of residents vote Democrat in the last presidential election and 62.4% vote Republican.

The Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Located about an hour west of Latitude Margaritaville Watersound in the Florida Panhandle, the Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin Metro Area 27.8% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 70.2% voted Republican.

The Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Homosassa Springs is part of Florida's Nature Coast, and just 10 miles from Crystal River, the Manatee Capital of the World.

In the Homosassa Springs Metro Area 29.0% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 70.0% voted Republican.

Lake City is located about an hour west of Jacksonville, not too far south of the Florida-Georgia state line.

In Lake City Metro Area 26.9% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election, 72.0% voted for the Republican Party, and the remaining 1.0% voted Independent. The Lake City metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000

In the Panama City Metro Area 27.2% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 71.2% voted Republican. The Panama City metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Palatka is located about 45 minutes southwest of St. Augustine.

In the Palatka Metro Area 28.9% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 70.1% voted Republican. The Palatka metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Okeechobee is about 45 minutes west of Port St. Lucie, and generally is not known as a retirement hotspot.

In the Okeechobee Metro Area 27.5% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election, and 71.8% voted Republican. The Okeechobee metro area has favored the Republican in every Presidential election since 2000.

Wauchula is about an hour and a half north of Fort Myers, pretty much in the middle of nowhere, so I doubt many of you will choose to retire there, no matter how well you like the politics.

In the Wauchula Metro Area 27.0% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election and 72.0% voted Republican.

Again, I cant stress enough that I sincerely hope you dont base your decision on where to retire based solely on this list.

There are so many other factors that contribute to a happy retirement life that should be considered before politics weigh in.

While I welcome comments and reader input on most articles on this site, Ive turned them off on this post to protect my sanity.

Thanks for reading!

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Democrats begin an investigation into Jared Kushners Saudi deals – MSNBC

Posted: at 2:38 am

Over the last couple of months, theres been some striking reporting about Jared Kushner and the generous funding hes received from Saudi Arabia. The New York Times reported yesterday that the deals have sparked the interest of a key congressional committee which has begun an investigation.

Representative Carolyn B. Maloney, the New York Democrat who leads the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, gave Mr. Kushner a two-week deadline in a letter sent on Thursday to furnish documents related to the Saudi funds investment last year in his firm, Affinity Partners. She also asked for any personal correspondence between Mr. Kushner and the Saudi kingdoms de facto leader, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, during or after the Trump administration.

Kushners lawyer said in a written statement that the former White House official fully abided by all legal and ethical guidelines both during and after his government service. Democrats on the House Oversight Committee dont appear convinced.

In an eight-page letter, Maloney told Kushner the panel is investigating whether your personal financial interests improperly influenced U.S. foreign policy during the administration of your father-in-law, former President Trump.

Given the available information, it appears to be a line of inquiry rooted in evidence.

Lets circle back to our earlier coverage to review how we arrived at this point. Throughout Trumps presidency, the Republican administration went out of its way to side with Riyadh, thanks to a foreign policy in the region that was shaped, at least in part, by Kushner, who made multiple trips to Saudi Arabia.

Six months after his father-in-law left the White House, Kushner secured a $2 billion investment from the main Saudi sovereign wealth fund despite the fact that those responsible for helping oversee the fund were highly skeptical about giving Kushners firm this money. In fact, they accurately noted that Trumps son-in-law had no relevant experience, and the firms operations were deemed unsatisfactory in all aspects.

Kushner got the money anyway, alongside an agreement that after the firm received its first $500 million installment, the inexperienced former White House official would hire a qualified investment team, which seems like the sort of thing Kushner probably shouldve done before the $2 billion deal.

Regardless, it was a tough deal to defend. Indeed, when the news first came to public light, there was a question as to whether the Saudis agreed to such an investment because of services rendered which is to say, a possible reward for the pro-Saudi work Kushner did during his time in the White House or because of possible services to come in the event of a second term for his father-in-law.

But in a follow-up report from the Times, the details started to look a little worse: Toward the end of the Trump era, while some on the Republicans team explored ways to keep the then-president in power despite his defeat, Kushner didnt just prepare for life after a powerful White House role, he also made a series of additional trips to the Middle East, meeting with representatives of countries his newly formed private equity firm would soon approach for substantial financial investments.

Its not exactly a stretch to wonder about the degree to which Kushner may have leveraged his White House role to advance his business interests. Its also not too surprising the House Oversight Committee has a few questions about all of this.

Steve Benen is a producer for "The Rachel Maddow Show," the editor of MaddowBlog and an MSNBC political contributor. He's also the bestselling author of "The Impostors: How Republicans Quit Governing and Seized American Politics."

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What is quantum computing? – TechTarget

Posted: at 2:36 am

Quantum computing is an area of study focused on the development of computer based technologies centered around the principles ofquantum theory. Quantum theory explains the nature and behavior of energy and matter on thequantum(atomic and subatomic) level. Quantum computing uses a combination ofbitsto perform specific computational tasks. All at a much higher efficiency than their classical counterparts. Development ofquantum computersmark a leap forward in computing capability, with massive performance gains for specific use cases. For example quantum computing excels at like simulations.

The quantum computer gains much of its processing power through the ability for bits to be in multiple states at one time. They can perform tasks using a combination of 1s, 0s and both a 1 and 0 simultaneously. Current research centers in quantum computing include MIT, IBM, Oxford University, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. In addition, developers have begun gaining access toquantum computers through cloud services.

Quantum computing began with finding its essential elements. In 1981, Paul Benioff at Argonne National Labs came up with the idea of a computer that operated with quantum mechanical principles. It is generally accepted that David Deutsch of Oxford University provided the critical idea behind quantum computing research. In 1984, he began to wonder about the possibility of designing a computer that was based exclusively on quantum rules, publishing a breakthrough paper a few months later.

Quantum Theory

Quantum theory's development began in 1900 with a presentation by Max Planck. The presentation was to the German Physical Society, in which Planck introduced the idea that energy and matter exists in individual units. Further developments by a number of scientists over the following thirty years led to the modern understanding of quantum theory.

Quantum Theory

Quantum theory's development began in 1900 with a presentation by Max Planck. The presentation was to the German Physical Society, in which Planck introduced the idea that energy and matter exists in individual units. Further developments by a number of scientists over the following thirty years led to the modern understanding of quantum theory.

The Essential Elements of Quantum Theory:

Further Developments of Quantum Theory

Niels Bohr proposed the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory. This theory asserts that a particle is whatever it is measured to be, but that it cannot be assumed to have specific properties, or even to exist, until it is measured. This relates to a principle called superposition. Superposition claims when we do not know what the state of a given object is, it is actually in all possible states simultaneously -- as long as we don't look to check.

To illustrate this theory, we can use the famous analogy of Schrodinger's Cat. First, we have a living cat and place it in a lead box. At this stage, there is no question that the cat is alive. Then throw in a vial of cyanide and seal the box. We do not know if the cat is alive or if it has broken the cyanide capsule and died. Since we do not know, the cat is both alive and dead, according to quantum law -- in a superposition of states. It is only when we break open the box and see what condition the cat is in that the superposition is lost, and the cat must be either alive or dead.

The principle that, in some way, one particle can exist in numerous states opens up profound implications for computing.

A Comparison of Classical and Quantum Computing

Classical computing relies on principles expressed by Boolean algebra; usually Operating with a 3 or 7-modelogic gateprinciple. Data must be processed in an exclusive binary state at any point in time; either 0 (off / false) or 1 (on / true). These values are binary digits, or bits. The millions of transistors and capacitors at the heart of computers can only be in one state at any point. In addition, there is still a limit as to how quickly these devices can be made to switch states. As we progress to smaller and faster circuits, we begin to reach the physical limits of materials and the threshold for classical laws of physics to apply.

The quantum computer operates with a two-mode logic gate:XORand a mode called QO1 (the ability to change 0 into a superposition of 0 and 1). In a quantum computer, a number of elemental particles such as electrons or photons can be used. Each particle is given a charge, or polarization, acting as a representation of 0 and/or 1. Each particle is called a quantum bit, or qubit. The nature and behavior of these particles form the basis of quantum computing and quantum supremacy. The two most relevant aspects of quantum physics are the principles of superposition andentanglement.

Superposition

Think of a qubit as an electron in a magnetic field. The electron's spin may be either in alignment with the field, which is known as aspin-upstate, or opposite to the field, which is known as aspin-downstate. Changing the electron's spin from one state to another is achieved by using a pulse of energy, such as from alaser. If only half a unit of laser energy is used, and the particle is isolated the particle from all external influences, the particle then enters a superposition of states. Behaving as if it were in both states simultaneously.

Each qubit utilized could take a superposition of both 0 and 1. Meaning, the number of computations a quantum computer could take is 2^n, where n is the number of qubits used. A quantum computer comprised of 500 qubits would have a potential to do 2^500 calculations in a single step. For reference, 2^500 is infinitely more atoms than there are in the known universe. These particles all interact with each other via quantum entanglement.

In comparison to classical, quantum computing counts as trueparallel processing. Classical computers today still only truly do one thing at a time. In classical computing, there are just two or more processors to constitute parallel processing.EntanglementParticles (like qubits) that have interacted at some point retain a type can be entangled with each other in pairs, in a process known ascorrelation. Knowing the spin state of one entangled particle - up or down -- gives away the spin of the other in the opposite direction. In addition, due to the superposition, the measured particle has no single spin direction before being measured. The spin state of the particle being measured is determined at the time of measurement and communicated to the correlated particle, which simultaneously assumes the opposite spin direction. The reason behind why is not yet explained.

Quantum entanglement allows qubits that are separated by large distances to interact with each other instantaneously (not limited to the speed of light). No matter how great the distance between the correlated particles, they will remain entangled as long as they are isolated.

Taken together, quantum superposition and entanglement create an enormously enhanced computing power. Where a 2-bit register in an ordinary computer can store only one of four binary configurations (00, 01, 10, or 11) at any given time, a 2-qubit register in a quantum computer can store all four numbers simultaneously. This is because each qubit represents two values. If more qubits are added, the increased capacity is expanded exponentially.

Quantum Programming

Quantum computing offers an ability to write programs in a completely new way. For example, a quantum computer could incorporate a programming sequence that would be along the lines of "take all the superpositions of all the prior computations." This would permit extremely fast ways of solving certain mathematical problems, such as factorization of large numbers.

The first quantum computing program appeared in 1994 by Peter Shor, who developed a quantum algorithm that could efficiently factorize large numbers.

The Problems - And Some Solutions

The benefits of quantum computing are promising, but there are huge obstacles to overcome still. Some problems with quantum computing are:

There are many problems to overcome, such as how to handle security and quantum cryptography. Long time quantum information storage has been a problem in the past too. However, breakthroughs in the last 15 years and in the recent past have made some form of quantum computing practical. There is still much debate as to whether this is less than a decade away or a hundred years into the future. However, the potential that this technology offers is attracting tremendous interest from both the government and the private sector. Military applications include the ability to break encryptions keys via brute force searches, while civilian applications range from DNA modeling to complex material science analysis.

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