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Monthly Archives: June 2022
Fair pay complaint to ILO crashes and burns – Newsroom
Posted: June 11, 2022 at 1:03 am
Employment
Business leaders have been accused by the workplace relations minister of bringing a vexatious case against Fair Pay Agreements to the International Labour Organisation, which has given the green light to the flagship reform, writes Rebecca Macfie
Business New Zealands attempt to derail the Governments controversial Fair Pay Agreements legislation at the International Labour Organisation has flopped.
Instead of issuing the grave condemnation sought by the business lobby, the ILO has waved the Governments flagship industrial relations reform through, and doesnt want to hear any more about it for two years.
Business New Zealands complaint against the regime was discussed by the Committee on the Application of Standards at the ILOs annual conference in Geneva on June 8 and the committee reached its conclusion on Friday night. In stark contrast to the strong diplomatic language used in its reports on other countries facing complaints including allegations of child trafficking, harassment and murder of unionists, and repression of minorities the committee issued a bland four-sentence conclusion on New Zealand.
It urged the Government to continue to examine the draft Fair Pay Agreement (FPA) legislation, in consultation with unions and employer groups, to consider the impact of the proposed legislation and ensure compliance with [ILO Convention 98].
Business New Zealand alleged the FPA regime was in breach of convention 98, which protects the right to organise and collectively bargain. It claimed the proposed reform intended to reverse the collapse of collective bargaining following the 1991 Employment Contracts Act is inconsistent with the principle of free and voluntary bargaining because employers wont be able to opt out, unresolved disputes can go to compulsory arbitration, and in certain circumstances an FPA can go straight to the Employment Relations Authority to fix the minimum terms.
Business New Zealands manager of employment relations policy, Paul Mackay, alleged at the committee that the Government was thumbing its nose at the ILO supervisory system, and sought strong condemnation. For the sake of workers and employers throughout New Zealand, and for the sake of the continued integrity of the ILO supervisory system, we urge this house to condemn the actions of the New Zealand Government in the strongest possible terms.
However the committee kept its condemnation for the likes of Chinas repression of Uyghurs (which it deplored), the disregard for human fights and the rule of law in Myanmar (also deplored), and the violence, intimidation and imprisonment of union leaders and employer representatives in Nicaragua (deplored). The committee demanded a report back from such countries in September this year.
In response to the committees benign conclusion about New Zealands planned reforms, Workplace Relations and Safety Minister Michael Wood accused Business New Zealand of bringing a vexatious complaint to the ILO, and of engaging in active misinformation against FPAs.
After the ILO conclusion its time for Business NZ to come back to the table and work with us to introduce a system that allows industries to set minimum pay and working conditions to stop a race to the bottom, he said in a statement.
Business New Zealand quit any involvement in the fair pay process late last year, announcing it would not act as a bargaining agent for employer groups in FPA negotiations and would refuse Government funding tagged to help unions and employer bodies fulfil their expanded roles under the regime.
It is running an advertising and social media campaign against the proposed legislation currently before the workplace and education select committee alleging FPAs will at the stroke of a pentake away control from Kiwi workers and give it to faceless officials in Wellington who will decide how you work, when you work and how much you will get paid. It claims that once a FPA is in place it will be virtually impossible for workers and employers to negotiate flexible conditions.
In fact, where FPAs are established, they will set minimum terms and conditions for the industry or occupation within its scope, and workers and employers will be free to continue to negotiate collective or individual agreements directly, provided they dont fall below the FPA minimums.
The proposed FPA system was laid out by a tripartite working group in 2018, chaired by former National prime minister Jim Bolger. Michael Hobby, international labour policy advisor at the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, told the ILO committee last week the reform was designed to address the increasing evidence of a race to the bottom in some sectors, following the dramatic fall in unionisation after the labour market deregulation of the 1990s and a lack of sector-wide bargaining, which enable[s] businesses to undercut their competitors through low wages, or by shifting risks onto employees without corresponding compensation.
Without multi-employer or nationwide bargaining, wages come under pressure, and employers have fewer incentives to innovate or raise productivity. This is because they can increase profits simply by reducing wages, rather than adopting other strategies.
Hobby told the committee there had been a consequent rise in low-paying jobs and poor working conditions, as well as increased casualisation and growth of labour hire practices. This has disproportionately affected groups such as Mori and Pasifika workers, young people and those with disabilities, who are over-represented in jobs where low pay, poor health and safety practices, low job security and limited upskilling are significant issues.
New Zealand has one of the lowest rates of collective bargaining in the OECD, with only about 10 percent of private sector workers covered by a union-negotiated deal.
The new Australian government swung in behind the FPA regime at the ILO, its representative telling the committee that sector-wide minimum standards, in combination with collective bargaining, provided a safety net while also driving wage growth and productivity. Australias own industrial relations system operates at three levels, with statutory minimum rights and a minimum wage, occupational awards that set industry-wide conditions for over 100 sectors and occupations, and collective bargaining at enterprise level.
The International Transport Workers Federation (ITF) gave evidence to the committee of a catastrophic impact on bus drivers' wages following the abolition of New Zealands award system in 1991 and the move to competitive tendering of bus services. The lowest wage payable under the 1990 bus industry award was 66 percent higher than the minimum wage, the ITF told the committee. Todays lowest rates are scarcely 10-15 percent above the minimum wage. If wages had kept up with productivity growth during the period, the average transport worker would have been $36,000 better off in 2021, according to the ITF statement.
A Samoan worker representative also backed FPAs as a way to protect vulnerable Pasifika RSE workers who cant possibly engage in effective and fair individual bargaining or collective bargaining under the Employment Relations Act. Without industry minimums, our people do not receive fair wages and enjoy decent terms of employment under the RSE scheme.
Business New Zealand has acknowledged there is market failure under the current industrial relations regime for some groups of workers, but says this should be fixed through the development of voluntary codes setting out a reasonable approach to terms and conditions in sectors with clearly demonstrated undesirable labour market outcomes.
Under the proposed regime, an FPA can be initiated by a union representing 1000 workers, or 10 percent, of a sector or occupation group. The resulting agreement will apply to all workers and employers within its scope. Strikes in support of FPAs will be banned.
Its expectedbus drivers, supermarket workers, cleaners and security guards will be among the first in the queue to initiate FPAs once the legislation is passed.
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The Supreme Court Is Not Supposed to Have This Much Power – The Atlantic
Posted: at 1:03 am
Its June againthat time of year when Americans wake up each morning and wait for the Supreme Court to resolve our deepest political disagreements. To decide what the Constitution says about our bodily autonomy, our power to avert climate change, and our ability to protect children from guns, the nation turns not to members of Congresselected by usbut to five oracles in robes.
This annual observance of judicial supremacythe idea that the Supreme Court has the final say about what our Constitution allowsis an odd affliction for a nation that will close the month ready to celebrate our independence from an unelected monarch. From one perspective, our acceptance of this supremacy reflects a sense that our political system is simply too broken to address the most urgent questions that we confront. But it would be a mistake to see judicial supremacy as a mere symptom of our politics and not a cause.
Contrary to what many people have come to believe, judicial supremacy is not in the Constitution, and does not date from the founding era. It took hold of American politics only after the Civil War, when the Court overruled Congresss judgment that the Constitution demanded civil-rights and voting laws. The Court has spent the 150 years since sapping our national representatives of the power to issue national rules. These judicial decisions have destroyed guardrails that national majorities deemed vital to a functional, multiracial democracyincluding protecting the right to vote and curbing the influence of money in politics. Even worse, the Courts assertion of the power to invalidate federal laws has stripped Americans of the expectation, once widely shared, that the most important interpretations of the Constitution are expressed not by judicial decree but by the participation of We, the People, in enacting national legislation.
In the decades before the Civil War, when national parties violently contested the constitutionality of slavery west of the Mississippi, the center of gravity was Congress. As the historian James Oakes recounts, when a border-state senator proposed asking the Supreme Court to decide the issue in 1848, other senators ridiculed his idea as implausible. The Constitution was interpreted as variously as the Bible, Senator John P. Hale of New Hampshire responded. White southerners believed the Constitution carries slavery with it, while northerners construed the Constitution to secure freedom. As Hale and his contemporaries appreciated, resolving such a fundamental national disagreement could never turn on a courts answer to which interpretation was more correct. Rather, the winning interpretation would depend on whether adherents could build sufficient political majorities to control the national government.
Ryan D. Doerfler and Samuel Moyn: Reform the Court but dont pack it
The Supreme Court did attempt to decide the question in its infamous 1857 Dred Scott decisioninterpreting the Constitution to hold that the federal government lacked the power to abolish slavery anywhere in the United States. But rather than accept this novel assertion of judicial supremacy over Congress, the Republican Party responded with defiance. Indeed, Abraham Lincoln successfully ran for president on a platform of repudiating the Court with national legislation. In his inaugural address, he remarked that the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the Government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court, then the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their Government into the hands of that eminent tribunal.
Through the Civil War and the Reconstruction era that followed, the politically dominant Republicans in Congress enacted legislation to build a multiracial democracy in the United States for the first time. Some of these laws boldly overruled the Court, including statutes in 1862 and 1866 that began the abolition of slavery and recognized the citizenship of Black people. Others prevented the Court from retaliating against Congresss interpretation of the Constitution, such as legislation stripping the Court of jurisdiction over certain matters. Still others enlisted the Court in the project of enforcing Congresss constitutional judgments. Acts in 1870 and 1871 instructed federal courts to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments against recalcitrant state officials, while acts in 1870 and 1875 tasked judges with banning voting restrictions, lynch mobs, and racial discrimination.
Only after Republicans lost control of Congress in 1875 was the Court able to enforce its contrary interpretations of the Constitutionto devastating effect. In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 and related cases, the Court refused to enforce federal civil-rights laws on the theory that the newly enacted Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments gave Congress no power against private racial violence or discrimination in public accommodations. For the next half centuryas part of what the historian W. E. B. Du Bois called the counter-revolution of propertythe Court condemned the Reconstruction Congress as a group of unprincipled fanatics. And it invented new doctrines that authorized the Court to invalidate federal legislation that it thought went too far toward interfering with white business interests. It was during this period that judicial supremacy took hold as a dominant ideology in the United States.
This bears repeating: Judicial supremacy is an institutional arrangement brought to cultural ascendancy by white people who wanted to undo Reconstruction and the rise of organized labor that had followed. And that makes sense, as judicial supremacy can harness the power of an entrenched minority and use that power to undermine the more democratic legislative branch. Decades after the Court in Marbury v. Madison first anticipated that it might disagree with Congress about a federal laws constitutionality, the justices finally convinced skeptics of the need for this authority by disempowering Congress and unraveling its legislative efforts to establish political equality.
Paul Finkelman: Americas Great Chief Justice was an unrepentant slaveholder
In the nearly 150 years since Reconstruction, the thrust of judicial supremacy has continued to be revanchist. Through the 21st century, the justices overwhelmingly have exercised their claim of supremacy over Congress to insulate the wealthy and powerful from federal labor laws, federal voting laws, federal civil-rights laws, federal campaign-finance laws, and federal health-care laws. Decisions such as Citizens United and Shelby County are typical examples of how the Court has overruled Congress to make it harder for ordinary people to participate in American democracy on equal terms. But their damage goes beyond even that: Because the limits of our constitutional imagination can extend no further than the opinions of those who happen to sit on the Court, judicial supremacy has also impoverished what we think is possible through democratic politicsand through organizing for political change at the national level.
Rather than look to the Court to glimpse some fundamental truth from scant constitutional text, Americans ought to demand that their elected representatives engage in the hard work of national lawmaking. Congress must act, even if it means overriding the interpretations of the Court and reshaping its jurisdiction.
Encouragingly, members of the House have recently passed bills to enforce their understanding of what federal laws our nation demands and our Constitution permitsincluding reproductive freedom and voting rights. But the bills have all stalled in the Senate for two reasons that remain within its control. One, the filibuster, will be abolished as soon as 50 senators recognize that a permanently incapacitated Senate is far more destructive than an active Senate that might one day be controlled by an opposing party.
But the other obstacle may be more pernicious: a fear among legislators that there is no point to legislating if the Court will simply invalidate anything Congress achieves.
Yet as the Reconstruction Congress recognized, everything the Court has the power to do comes from federal statutes passed by Congressstatutes that a majority of Congress always has the power to amend. Conflicts over constitutional interpretation are not really over who has the best understanding of words inscribed in an old document. They are about whoor which actors in our system of national governmentcan deliver on a particular, and inherently contested, meaning in the context of our current times. It is a question of political leadership, not legalism.
There is nothing unconstitutional about Congress reasserting its authority to define the nations highest law. The experience of Reconstruction brings into view this firmly grounded practice. In fact, a surviving remnant of the Reconstruction Congresss worktoday codified in 42 U.S.C. 1983has underwritten some of the most famous cases in modern constitutional law. In Section 1983, Congress instructed federal courts to stop state or local officials from depriving anyone of their rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution. Section 1983 is what Oliver Brown invoked when he challenged Kansass segregation laws in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, what Jane Roe invoked to challenge Texass abortion law in Roe v. Wade, and what James Obergefell invoked when he challenged Ohios same-sex-marriage ban in Obergefell v. Hodges. While these landmark cases invalidated state laws, the justices were following, not undermining, Congresss orders. The decisions overruling state interpretations of the Constitution dont represent judicial supremacy, but rather Congresss ability to make and enforce national constitutional commitments.
Congressional checks on the Supreme Court are also very different from the calls for nullification by slaveholders before the Civil War, their descendants during the civil-rights movement, and Texas legislators today. The Civil War itself resolved that the representatives of states must enforce their constitutional interpretations not by defying the government created by the Constitution but by participating in it. For the past two centuries, Congress has been the branch of the federal government where our democracys pursuit of equal justice under law has most often been realized. The question is not whether some commitmentsabolition, reproductive freedom, racial equalityare worth making supreme and constitutive of a national American identity. Rather, the question is who gets to decide the content of those commitments for all Americans: the 50 states, a five-justice majority, or our national legislature.
If the Court is today eviscerating those very constitutional commitments through its case law, Congress should enact or amend federal statutes to advance a different understanding of a nation built on democratic justice. It should reshape the Courts ability to intervene in these disputes, including by restricting the Courts authority to set aside federal legislation. And it should conscript the Court in enforcing federal commitments when resistant state officials brazenly declare that the national government has no jurisdiction to protect Americans from their parochial rule.
The thing stopping Congress from reversing each wrongheaded decision the Court issues this month therefore isnt the Constitution. Its our failure to demand more from our elected representatives.
The promise of a genuinely multiracial democracy will fade if Americans are unwilling to embrace structural reforms that can make our policies and our politics more responsive to majority rule. How Congress allocates the power to interpret the Constitution should be at the heart of those reforms. We simply cannot build a better politics if we dont reclaim the authority of Congress to resolve our most fundamental disagreements. Rather than allow a handful of us to define the Constitutions meaning in a mystical ritual each June, the rest of us should define it with the hard, messy work of American politics year-round.
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The Supreme Court Is Not Supposed to Have This Much Power - The Atlantic
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Pride in the Classroom – Diverse: Issues in Higher Education
Posted: at 1:03 am
At some universities, students are expressing increased interest in LGBTQ Studies programs.The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of college students nationwide. Some LGBTQ students have faced mental and physical health challenges due to quarantine and isolation, after students returned to campus.
LGBTQ+ Studies courses have existed for decades, but minors or certificates in such studies have been offered at many institutions for fewer than 20 years. Research, scholarly discourse, and interest continue to grow, with the pandemic bringing new areas to investigate.
Since the pandemic struck, I have seen an upswing in LGBTQ+ Studies student interest in mutual aid, says Dr. Cary Gabriel Costello, associate professor of sociology and director of LGBTQ+ Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, which offers an undergraduate certificate. While before the pandemic, student attention might have focused more on queer crafting, grassroots political organizing, or reforming family structures, the topic of communities finding ways to provide for themselves the social services they need has really piqued students interest.
Measuring impact
Mutual aid is when people bond together to meet each others needs understanding that existing systems do not meet their needs. They also work to see established systems improve their responses. Costello says the last two years have been stressful, and he has noticed students in general dealing with mental health issues that have been more pronounced for LGBTQ+ students.
Each semester, Costello surveys students in his classes to get information about their lives, interests, and challenges. In fall 2020, 40 % of students in his online introductory level sociology class reported mental health issues. In his LGBTQ+ Studies-affiliated course, 65 % of students reported somewhat or very poor mental health since the start of quarantine. Graduate student instructors, working together with Costello, provided informal social work services for the undergraduates.
Things have yet to return to the pre-COVID normal, such as it was, says Costello. It has been exhausting for lots of folks, but it has been a privilege to see my graduate student instructors go above and beyond the call of duty to help struggling undergrads and to witness students in LGBTQ+ Studies courses supporting one another.
While Costello says there was a drop in the retention of trans, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming students, student evaluations show that the staff of the LGBTQ+ Studies program made a real difference in retaining at-risk students and helping them succeed. Thats something to feel good about, he says.
Dr. Kristie Soares is assistant professor of Women & Gender Studies and co-chair of LGBTQ Studies at the University of Colorado Boulder. Soares says she is seeing an increased need, including housing and food insecurity, among queer and trans students -- particularly individuals of color -- since the onset of the pandemic.
Our work has shifted somewhat from our academic mission to getting students what they need in order to even be able to focus on their academics, says Soares, who also sees students focused on mutual aid.
Gleaning insights from student reporting
Given current circumstances, there has been an increased interest in examining how LGBTQ students, who may already feel marginalized, navigate an unexpected crisis such as the pandemic. Students are doing really great work in thinking about frameworks like disability studies and the way that disability studies intersect with queer and trans studies to talk about how the pandemic is illuminating forms of systemic inequity, says Soares.
The University of Colorado Boulder offers a certificate in LGBTQ Studies. The interest in coursework is there, says Soares, but in some cases, the economic realities preclude participation. Every LGBTQ Studies program has to be thinking about the ways that programs like ours in some ways have always been on tenuous ground, Soares says. We [at Colorado] have not had serious threats to our funding. We have university support. Actually, weve had increasing amounts of donor support during the pandemic.
After more than a decade of students expressing interest in a minor in LGBTQ Studies, Queens College (part of City University of New York) approved the minor in 2019. Additional courses were developed, including queer theories. Dr. JV Fuqua, associate professor in the department of Media Studies and director of the women and gender studies program, was teaching the queer theories course in the spring 2020 semester when there was the sudden pivot to remote learning.
The cohort of students in that class was a particularly strong collection of souls, says Fuqua, who has continued to teach remotely but expects to return to the classroom for the fall 2022 semester. They were vibrant, curious, dedicated, excited, grateful, and energized to be in that classroom.
The courses are full, and we continue to add students to the LGBTQ minor and also to the women and gender studies program, they add. The challenges that have been faced by the students interested in the minor at Queens College have been the challenges faced by students in general at Queens College since the start of COVID.
Dr. Sean G. Massey is an associate professor of Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Binghamton University, a State University of New York institution that co-facilitates the Binghamton Human Sexualities Research Lab. Massey, a social psychologist, runs the lab with three colleagues. Each semester, the lab includes approximately 20 undergraduates interested in research about human sexuality broadly defined. Among their research topics is sexual identity and gender identity. There are four or five on-going projects in groups called analytic communities.
Weve been looking at archival materials related to Gay Mens Health Crisis (GMHC, a community-based AIDS service organization), says Massey, who volunteered at GMHC from 1988 through the late 1990s and conducted evaluation research. In addition to a special collection at the New York Public Library, Massey has a personal collection of GMHC materials. The undergraduates knew little about GMHC, or the AIDS epidemic, and they decided to conduct some oral history interviews.
Theyre incredibly moved by these stories, Massey says. Its important were having these cross-generational conversations.
Massey also teaches a course on LGBTQ history. The students read various histories and watch several documentaries, including United in Anger: A History of ACT UP, which was the propellor of AIDS activism. Students say this is the first time theyve learned about how the community came together and responded to the AIDS crisis, and they see the parallels to the current COVID-19 pandemic.
The fact that we have [COVID] vaccines being developed so quickly now is a direct result of ACT UP, where they got drug trials to be expedited, says Massey. There is a connection between the work ACT UP did to get drugs released faster during the AIDS epidemic and the fact that we were able to get the vaccines released quickly.
Advancing research
Students are interested in a version of LGBTQ Studies that is in conversation with intellectual approaches like abolition, disability studies, Black Studies, Latinx Studies, says Soares. They are taking a very intersectional approach to LGBTQ Studies that understands that gender and sexuality were already intersecting with other categories of marginalization.
Something Massey has seen, which he thinks may evolve into research in the years ahead, is the impact the pandemic has had on LGBTQ+ students. For traditional college students, ages 1822, college is a time to explore their sexuality, develop their identities and find community, all of which have been impeded by quarantine and then social distancing.
Theyre not able to access the same kinds of social connections that they may have expected and that cohorts before them were able to, says Massey. Basic psychological needs, like intimacy, affiliation, and sex dont simply disappear during a global pandemic. Public health campaigns need to give them a bit more attention.
The students are very interested in how COVID affected sexual behavior and intimate relationships among college students, he continues. They want to look at how college students are handling COVID and reacting to it in terms of their intimate lives and sexual lives.
Fuqua mentions recent Queens College graduate Sara Claytons senior thesis, The Queering of Compulsory Monogamy as Community Care. One topic Clayton explored was the impact of COVID-19 on polyamorous family structures and how care is reconfigured in a non-normative family context.
While Fuquas research has been on hold during the pandemic, they did write an article about Pose, a television series about the LGBTQ ballroom scene and subculture in the 1980s. The series dramatizes the culture celebrating LGBTQ individuals with a cast of LGBTQ actors.
I felt compelled to write it because of my experience in that class in spring 2020, says Fuqua. We had been talking about Pose and thinking about the series. Then, the Black Trans Lives Matter and the BLM protests of that summer re-energized me to finish that piece.
Watching this LGBTQ minor thrive and be in a space where students of various backgrounds and interests create community is meaningful to Fuqua, who sees growing interest. I want to grow the program, they say. I would love to see it be a major. I would love to get scholarships going for students who are minoring in LGBTQ Studies.
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Pride in the Classroom - Diverse: Issues in Higher Education
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Taking Care During Times of Protest and Progress – Columbus Monthly
Posted: at 1:03 am
Prince Shakur| Columbus Monthly
The first nightsof protest in Columbus in the spring and summer of 2020 following the murder of George Floyd were jarring but exciting. Short North traffic was slowed by men pointing rifles into the air. The broken glass; the ripped flags; the wet graffiti; the tear gas canisters; the crowd scattering as rubber bullets came showering down. The police jumping out from alleyways to snatch people from the frontlines.
I remember my feet pounding asphalt. My heart jack-hammering against my chest as my friend and comrade, Calvin, and I flew deeper down some side street and screams floated up from the distance. We stopped at a dead end and looked at each other. I could feel my pulse throbbing in my face. A wave of fear moved through us.
Left or right? Calvin asked, but in actuality, I heard the other question, the real question: Do you run into the hog pen to save others, or burst out of it?
On another night, my friend and I were kettled into the Columbus Bicentennial Pavilion by police, then forced to run from the clouds of gas. Over the next days and nights, police fired at protesters from close range with rubber bullets, knocked a protester out of a wheelchair, and unleashed their rage, like a mob of their own.
As a child, I realized the brutality that the world could lavish on queer people for being themselves. Then I learned the violence that Black people could face. Both are conundrums that can make the world a very volatile place. You learn to try and realize your fullest self each time you leave the house, because there is always the chance you may not make it home. You learn to play along with the system for your survival or to barrel against it with other people who cannot accept harm.
Columbus Monthly's May 20221: Black Life in Columbus
In the riot, at some point, an adjacent lesson is learned. You forget about making it home. The goal becomes surviving a once-familiar terrain now littered with dumpster fires and National Guardsmen in tanks ready to aim and fire rubber bullets upon command. Instead of a citizen, you become part of a larger oppositional force combating the very thing killing your people. In my Black humanity, I become worthy of destruction to the police. And when fighting for your life in the path of destruction, it is your community that you need to trust.
But what happens to our alliances when the harm is all around us and we are under attack?
By the summer of 2020, I had roughly half a decade of experience as a social justice organizer, ranging from student organizing in Athens at the beginning of the Black Lives Matter movement to labor organizing in Seattle to organizing in solidarity with movements abroad. Starting college at 17, and trying to find my chosen family as an adult, made deep and loving community necessary. Without good people, the world could be violent, but with people are my religion, as AJJ, a folk punk band, once sang, another world becomes possible.
Before the summer of 2020, Id seen my fair share of conflict play out in my Columbus community, sometimes with disastrous effects, but my local organizing world was mostly unscathed. At the height of the 2020 protests, I went to roughly two to four organizing meetings a week. I fielded emails, helped manage emergency funds, organized book clubs and so much more. The work and the strain around it became more necessary than ever.
During any political upheaval, people, old and new to social justice spaces, flock to the frontlineswhich can be good or bad. During one July rally, I followed a large crowd led by a haphazard group of new organizers to a blocked-off side street filled with police officers and news cameras ready to record what I could see were intended to becivilizedinterviews between curious residents and the Columbus Division of Police.
Its a photo opp, I grumbled later to my friend after leaving the march in disgust. These people are basically counterinsurgents.
At another protest, a miscommunication between the event organizers, the family of a slain Columbus resident and some of the invited speakers led to a split in my organizing circle. Letters with demands for accountability were traded from one group to the other. In the fallout, I found myself in hushed conversations with people that I once assumed saw each other as friends or allies, only to realize the thread holding them together was far thinner than I imagined.
Every other week, some new segment of my organizing network seemed to be imploding. People didnt trust each other. The water under the bridge had turned to blood, and with all the trauma heaping down on us, there wasnt enough time to work through the rage and the conflict. Frustrated, I began to realize that my faith in the people around me could only go so far. By the fall of 2020, I remember speaking to a friend in another city and saying, How can I organize with people that dont seem to really trust each other?
My friend thought, then replied, Maybe you trust yourself more than you trust the people around you and thats fine.
In my friends response, I found another pathway. Needing a break from the bedlam within the social justice community did not mean that I wasnt dedicated to liberation, but rather that I needed a different context for resolving conflict to fully commit myself. Knowing this and doing something about it was also a form of self-care.
It was the nightsof rushing home shortly after curfew that saved me, the wrangled packs of beer and porch hangouts as the trains barreled by on the tracks near my house. On hot summer nights, my roommates and I set up an amp, speakers and laptop in our living room and belted out countless songs into a microphone.
With the world on its way to pandemonium, all I wanted to do was sing about redemption with Bob Marley. I found my voice by traipsing around my living room with my whole heart on my sleeve and by the fall, I had decided to take a formal break from organizing for the first time in my life.
More: Greater Columbus Arts Council Preserving Plywood Murals After 2020 Racial Justice Protests
The organizing spaces Id been a part of dissolved or changed after my departure, but much of the conflict remained not far beneath the surface. Everyone, in their own way, needed a break. After some time and distance, I hoped people could come to the same table to reckon with the harm and hurt of the past. Sometimes loving your community is holding out hope, from a distance, that the broken parts of it will find each other again. Its knowing that there is always more work and worry in the intimacy of getting to know people, whether the state is attacking your community or not.
Though I had immersed myself in the possibility of revolution versus reform in my city, I always knew that deep, political change, like abolition, takes time. And to be the best revolutionary I could be, I needed the energy, love and trust of my community to be able to commit myself to the act of self-carebecause the struggle toward freedom is for both myself and my community.
This story is from the June 2022 issue of Columbus Monthly.
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Tune In: The Art of the Videogame Soundtrack – Highbrow Magazine
Posted: at 1:03 am
Soundtracks are some of the most iconic tunes in pop culture. Think of the work of Danny Elfman or John Williams. Songs like the Star Wars theme are universally known, and all it takes is that first blasting note of the orchestra for the listener to imagine the yellow text crawling down from the top of the screen.
Impressive soundtracks like this have made a massive imprint on pop culture, becoming an integral part of how some of the most famous stories have been told. However, few would consider soundtracks as casual listening music.
Franchise fans may listen to the Jurassic Park opening, but these pieces are generally enjoyed as an accompaniment to the media for which they were created. Some films have pop music as significant parts of their soundtrack, such as Top Gun, with songs like Danger Zone and Take My Breath Away.
This has become a common trend lately, with films like the Guardians of the Galaxy franchise having their soundtracks composed mostly of licensed music -- however, unlike Top Gun, these songs werent made for the film.
Videogame music has also had its own massive influence on pop culture. Think of the instantly recognizable music from the first Super Mario Brothers, and the music from Sonic the Hedgehog's first level Green Hill Zone.
Music in videogames has come a long way since the sometimes abrasive, albeit unique, sound of chiptune melodies. With the capacity for digital storage ever expanding, games now have fully produced and professionally recorded music to accompany them. Modern games often get the same treatment films do with full orchestral scores.
This has led to some phenomenal music created specifically for games, music that really transcends its ties to videogames and stands on its own as enjoyable listening even for those who have little interest in the source material.
A recent soundtrack that comes to mind are the tracks created for the radio in CD Projekt REDs 2020 game Cyberpunk 2077. Often simplified to Cyberpunk, the game was a highly anticipated project based off of a tabletop role-playing game from 1988.
Part of the games soundtrack is composed of pop songs that have been created to be heard over the radio in game. When traveling in cars or just traversing around the world, players will hear fictional radio stations broadcasting music that was created specifically for the game.
As a means of building the world, the game features music created by a wide variety of artists. While many of the real-world artists are presented under fictional band names, some notable artists who created and or performed music for Cyberpunk are: Refused, Run The Jewels, A$AP Rocky and Grimes. Grimess music is presented under the fictional popstar Lizzy Wizzy, a character she voices in the game.
There are 31 songs, three volumes, of original radio music for Cyberpunk spanning genres, creating a wide variety of interesting songs. One standout -- Resist and Disorder by The Cartesian Duelists (real world artist: Rezodrone) -- blends electronic, hard rock and a driving industrial rhythm. The song feels heavy with an insanely catchy chorus that breaks up the sound before bringing it back down to the crunchy guitar riff that serves as the songs base.
Like most of the songs on the Cyberpunk radio, the lyrics dont feel constrained simply to the world of the game. Many of the punk and anti-corporate ideals expressed in the music seemn just as relevant to the real world, as they do the fictional sci-fi dystopia.
Someone who isnt necessarily a fan of the source material, could thoroughly enjoy, and connect with, this music. Music in Cyberpunk isnt held hostage to its medium. Most songs dont refer to videogames or make allusions to fictional slang or terminology. This doesnt stop the music from characterizing and building the game world in a believable way.
Arguably the greatest music in Cyberpunk is the music of the fictional band Samurai. Samurai is a key part of the story of Cyberpunk 2077, with one of the main characters, Johnny Silverhand (portrayed by Keanu Reeves), as a guitarist and lead singer of the group.
Samurais music is performed by real-world Swedish punk band Refused, and the songs are terrific. The Ballad of Buck Ravers is a punk song about a corporate office worker being pushed over the edge by mindless work that inevitably gets him nowhere. Never Fade Away is another song exploring the idea of love lost, but not forgotten. The song features a catchy chorus almost reminiscent of 80s classic rock, contrasting but still complementing the harder tone of the rest of the song.
Chippin in is a hard rock song that plays with the double meaning of the gambling term with the transhumanist ideas of microchips and cybernetic implants, which serve as a key theme in cyberpunk.
Cyberpunks radio music was made specifically as pop music, it was further from the traditional soundtrack in that sense; however, there are other games that emulate pop music as a part of their backing tracks and to great success.
Atlus Persona series has a long history of soundtracks, with the most recent entry into the series Persona 5 having some of the best music yet. Persona 5 has what would best be described as jazzy tunes with lyrics beautifully sung by the Japanese vocalist Lyn. Her vocals combined with the incredible combination of heavy bass lines, synth and string accents make for some tracks that are unforgettable.
The songs perfectly capture the vibe of a lounge singer in a smoky jazz bar. The silky vocals and catchy melody in a song like Last Surprise and Life Will Change are enjoyable, even for people who don't like videogames.
Being a fan of punk and hard rock myself, the soundtrack for a game like Persona 5 is hardly the kind of music I would identify with my general music tastes. However, this soundtracks quality transcends genre preferences altogether. While not every track is accessible as casual listening (it still is a soundtrack after all), there are an outstanding number of terrific tracks to choose from.
The Devil May Cry series is another franchise that blends pop elements into its backing tracks.
Devil May Cry has a heavy emphasis on hard rock -- relevant to the over-the-top action and character of its main protagonist, accented with electronic elements.
The songs that really steal the show in the Devil May Cry games are the battle tracks that play during combat encounters in the game. The fifth games battle tracks stand out as they achieve unique sounds from the songs in the rest of the franchise, as well as helping to provide insight into the characters they play for.
Devil Trigger is the battle theme for one of the games three protagonists Nero. Devil Trigger stands in stark contrast to the series norm with a sound that can almost be described as EDM. The song has an explosive, energetic attitude to it that matches the chaotic action associated with Neros fighting style.
The female vocalist gives the piece an overall pop feel; however, under the surface, a solid hard rock base accompanied with hard rock backup vocals is reminiscent of songs from earlier games in the franchise.
The best song from Devil May Cry 5 is Bury The Light, which is the battle track for longtime series antagonist Vergil, who was released as a playable character in conjunction with the special edition of the game in 2020. The song topped the Apple music soundtrack chart in september 2020 and ranked #7 of all September 2020 when it was released.
Bury the Light is an epic orchestral metal song. The song accents its heavy metal core with electronic and orchestral elements, such as its electric violin opening. The lyrics are sung by Victor Borba, and capture the character of Vergil, a man (half demon) on a quest for power that has gone too far to be stopped.
Narratives and themes aside, a lot of videogame music is all about fun. While theres an almost infinite supply of music that deserves to be recognized, that's an ambitious task for this article. However, I think the point stands that there is a lot of terrific art created around the world, much of it overlooked in the mainstream. If nothing else, I compel you to listen to something you normally wouldnt, videogame or not -- maybe youll find something new worth appreciating.
Author Bio:
Garrett Hartman is a contributing writer at Highbrow Magazine.
For Highbrow Magazine
Image Sources:
--Super Mario Bros. (Wikipedia, Creative Commons)
--Anna Hanks (Wikimedia, Creative Commons)
--Rice Digital (Wikipedia, Creative Commons)
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It’s been 10 years since Prometheus, what can the reboot teach the Alien TV show? – TechRadar
Posted: at 1:03 am
It's now been five years since we had a new Alien movie, and precisely 10 years, to this day, since Prometheus teased a soft reboot of the franchise. Not a prequel by name, hence the Alien-less title to encourage newbies, it was where a film where director Ridley Scott, who returned to the franchise for the first time since the 1979 original, Scott set out to reclaim the series and dabble with the creature's beginnings.
For a while, it looked like it might be Scott's final act in the series, with District 9 creator Neill Blomkamp attached to make a new sequel (opens in new tab), but he eventually returned to the franchise and made 2017's Alien Covenant (opens in new tab), which is where the xenomorph story was left hanging. For now.
Disney's buyout of 20th Century Fox raised the question of whether we'd seen the last of the acid-blooded beastie. The answer arrived in the shape of two new Alien properties on the horizon. A movie from Don't Breathe director Fede Alvarez recently entered development along with an upcoming TV series from Fargo showrunner Noah Hawley. (opens in new tab)
With scripts for the latter currently being written, and the show set to drop next year on FX, where might this series go next? Taking inspiration from Scott's first rekindling of the epic saga, we dive into five ways Prometheus can inspire the Alien TV series, what it needs to take on board and how it can avoid death at the hands of a facehugger...
Love it or hate it, Prometheus makes it easier for newcomers to jump right into the franchise. As an Alien prequel with no explicit connections to the 1979 original film, it's simple enough to enjoy the story without having to ingest an entire Wikipedia.
The series could stand to model a little of its structure around this concept; not to get bogged down in dense mythology, but to borrow familiar visuals from the franchise. Fingers crossed this is the idea behind it, as FX chief John Landgraf has already dubbed it (opens in new tab): "an extension and reinvention of the franchise."
With Prometheus, Ridley Scott jumped to a time before Sigourney Weaver's Ellen Ripley to tell a new story. A fresh cast of characters living within the Alien world makes sense, especially as serialized episodic storytelling requires a different kind of structure. If the show were to do this, it would enable Hawley to craft an original tale instead of feeling beholden to existing characters.
Based on what's revealed so far it sounds as though this is likely to be the case. We already know it won't include Ripley or any of her contemporaries, a decision made by locating the show "70-odd years from now" in roughly the year 2090. It's interesting to note the approximate time frame Landgraf suggests, as it is right around the time Prometheus takes place in 2089-2093.
This hints at the fact we'll likely be introduced to a new leading cast with the potential to name-drop Prometheus, Covenant or Alien characters. Fingers crossed it's Jonesy the cat.
Prometheus offered us fleeting glances at Guy Pearce's Peter Weyland and his relationships with his android offspring David and his daughter, Meredith Vickers played by a pre-flattened Charlize Theron. We learn only a little of Weyland's desire to confront his maker. For the most part, we're with the crew of the Prometheus. Like the majority of the movies in the franchise, the cast we grow to know and love are regular people.
But the show could include more of the leadership angle, the faces behind the decisions that directly impact the people sent to the frontline and how the megacorporation came to do what it does. Aliens includes a boardroom of unsympathetic suits with little interest in Ripley's story, and in Alien 3 we meet the reprehensible Michael Weyland.
This disparity between Weyland-Yutani workers and the Corporation leadership will likely be explored. In [my show], youre also going to see the people who are sending them [to space], Hawley told Vanity Fair. So you will see what happens when the inequality were struggling with now isnt resolved. If we as a society cant figure out how to prop each other up and spread the wealth, then whats going to happen to us?"
Bearing in mind the series won't take place on spaceships in the far reaches of the universe, it sounds as if the leadership might be forced to confront the beasts they've desperately wished to weaponize for the entire franchise.
The notion of yet another Alien story throwing a crew into peril in the far reaches of space feels predictable, so why not relocate somewhere else?
An Alien 3 teaser prematurely promised an Alien film on Earth, but it wasn't until Alien vs. Predator: Requiem butchered the concept that the idea fizzled out. Prometheus shows brief moments on Earth before the bulk of the movie relocates to the moon LV-223. The show should commit to a new setting as a way to freshen up the mythology.
According to Landgraf, the show plans to breathe new life into the idea: "Setting it on Earth is really interesting. We have to think forward about the future of the planet in terms of the environment, governance, technology and create and design a version of the planet in the future.
Prometheus dabbled with creation. Human creation at the hands of the Engineers and the Xenomorph's creation at the hands of Michael Fassbender's corrupt android, David. Both instances confront concepts of identity through technology. So what further steps might the Weyland-Yutani Corporation take?
It's easy to assume nefarious schemes could be in the works. Alongside their weapons division whose pursuit of the creature fueled the entire cinematic franchise, their artificial intelligence division is another area
Hawley sounds like he's planning to include this, but in a different way than previously seen: "In the movies, we have this Weyland-Yutani Corporation, which is clearly also developing artificial intelligencebut what if there are other companies trying to look at immortality in a different way, with cyborg enhancements or transhuman downloads? Which of those technologies is going to win?"
Throw in that competitive element and the world of Alien expands considerably. Weyland-Yutani's rivals could force the series in a new direction, with the race to engineer a new technology and master eternal life almost certain to include some horrific scenarios.
The parting shot of Prometheus reveals the birth of a xenomorph ancestor, dubbed the deacon. Not exactly the same creature, it shares familiar traits with the iconic beast but we see it so briefly it left die-hard Alien fans desperate for more.
Ridley Scott deliberately chose not to include the xenomorph in Prometheus but immediately did an about face when audiences responded unfavorably. "We discovered from it that [the fans] were really frustrated," he said shortly before the release of Covenant. "They wanted to see more of the original [monster] and I thought he was definitely cooked. So I thought: Wow, OK, Im wrong."
We know the TV series will include the alien apparently it's the only recognisable character we can expect to see but in what capacity? Each movie to date has pushed the creature design, added a new twist to the life cycle and mythology. In addition to the deacon, Prometheus also birthed the trilobite, the octopus-like squid which Shaw extracts from her body.
With the Earth setting, an angle on Weyland-Yutani's leadership operations, a fresh take on technology, all signs point toward a new era for the franchise and fingers crossed? An even more terrifying iteration of the alien.
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Terraformers Early Access Review One of the Finest Martian Games on Earth – The Workprint
Posted: at 1:02 am
Explore Mars, build and develop your cities, manage your resources, and transform the Red Planet into a Green Planet
Developed by Asteroid Lab and published by Goblinz Publishing, Terraformers is an ambitious new 3X (eXplore, eXpand, eXploit but no eXterminate!) city builder in the form of a roguelike. Earth is colonizing Mars, and its up to you to ensure that the terraforming proceeds smoothly. In order to do so, you will have to make many critical decisions in managing your resources effectively and keeping your fledgling population happy while progressively increasing the habitability of the harsh, inhospitable planet.
First off, theres an undo button. Most actions other than exploration can be undone. This alone makes me want to give Terraformers a 9/10. Thankfully, the rest of Terraformers is just as indicative of its expert and wonderful design. It has all manner of clean and original art with a refreshing and vibrant style. Its music is beautiful and extremely fitting for this sort of optimistic sci-fi setting, though the logic for BGM selection could be improved. The UI is simple and mostly intuitive, although I would like to dock a point for what it is in its current early access form because it definitely could be better. Even the science of the sci-fi is mostly grounded and based on current tech, which definitely makes Terraformers approachable for space fanatics everywhere. But ultimately, the gameplay itself is deep, thought-evoking, addictive, and wonderfully satisfying, and I find myself glued to the seat until the end of every run.
Terraforming refers to the process in which a planet is made habitable for Earth-based lifeforms. The target planet in Terraformers is our friendly neighborhood red planet Mars, which has been long thought of as the first potential stepping stone for human civilization to become a space-faring species. In comparison to Earth, Mars is desperately lacking a breathable atmosphere, a water cycle, and a consistent livable climate, which are the cornerstones for life flourishing here on Earth. In Terraformers, your four terraforming parameters are temperature, oxygen, ocean level, and atmosphere. As you increase each parameter through their three tiers, the planet becomes more habitable for life, and life can be introduced to those zones that can support them.
Of course, no terraforming process would be complete without introducing life. Terraformers offers three types of lifeforms to be spread on the Martian surface: bacteria, plants, and animals. Bacteria have low requirements to survive and can offer some interesting utility, such as increasing temperature, or even generating resources such as titanium or tritium. Plants also generally provide oxygen or some other small benefits, but otherwise plants and animals are generally there to provide support to your population. All lifeforms also work on a prestige system, wherein the more they are spread, the more support they generate. If you ever wanted a planet just covered in grizzly bears and Arctic pine forests, this is your opportunity.
You are given many tools in order to raise those life-giving parameters and propagate life. Carbon dioxide factories can be built in order to create an atmosphere and increase planetary heat retention. Genetically engineered bacteria can be used to generate oxygen. Martian aquifers can be breached and extracted to contribute to the Martian oceans, which form the foundation of the water cycle. You can even turn to space for your terraforming needs, importing atmosphere or oceans from other nearby celestial bodies. All of these options and more are at your disposal, so long as you have the resources for it.
Naturally, any large scale project requires a considerable amount of resources, but given that were working on a different planet altogether, Martian problems require Martian solutions. Your terraforming efforts will be built on the foundation of resources that are gathered from the surface of the Red Planet.
In Terraformers, you begin with just a single city, a few buildings in your hand, and the resources to build a single mine. You also have the planets surface to yourself, which is covered in all manner of strange Martian features glittering crystal caves, wondrous rock formations, expansive lava tunnels, and dried basins that can be filled with oceans, all waiting to be discovered. Amongst the wonderful is also the mundane necessities of open pit mines for the countless amount of resources needed to fuel development.
While all resources can be found during the course of regular exploration, some resources (food, power, and research) are more regularly generated by buildings in cities, and others (water, nitrates, silicates, titanium, and tritium) are more regularly obtained from mines on the Martian surface. These materials are typically used for buildings within a certain type for example, water or nitrates are commonly found in food production buildings, silicates are typically used for research or high-tech, and titanium is used for all sorts of mundane tech. As you begin mining, you are able to trade those resources with Earth for others that are more urgently needed for your immediate development. For instance, food is used to either expand your population in a city, or to found a new city elsewhere; power is used every turn for exploration, as well as to construct mines.
Your defeat condition revolves around the resource known as support, which is the happiness level of your fledgling Martian population. It is generated by good city design, improving comfort of living, and can also be discovered via exploration, but as time passes, the amount of negative support generated by the population increases, meaning its a constant balancing act spending resources on economic development and support. On higher difficulties, there is a point in the mid-game where you are cruising along the razors edge, always within a few turns of defeat. Victory depends on whether you can pass a critical level of resource generation in that time to firmly establish your support production.
Unlike many other city-building or civilization-sprawling games, Terraformers allows you to develop your cities on both a local scale and a planetary scale.
A city has a limited number of plots for buildings, and those plots are arranged in different patterns for each city. There are ideal patterns to design certain elements of your city for example, housing always has adjacency bonuses for support, and selecting the right buildings for a residential cluster within a certain plot pattern can mean the difference in surviving just one more turn.
As far as planetary development goes, all development occurs on locations that are discovered through exploration. Locations can have specific features, such as terrain for city-building like craters, or high ground that can grant bonus yields to buildings such as solar panels. There is also low ground that will eventually be covered by the rising sea level, but dikes can be constructed to keep them dry. However, a city needs to be expanded to the location in order to utilize it, namely through increasing its population or constructing buildings like bus stations.
This dual layer of city development allows for considerable amount of interesting decision making as you juggle this complex development of a dozen cities per run with expanding your resource generation and trying to achieve the victory conditions.
Each step in the terraforming process is clear, but roguelike RNG forces a considerable amount of decision-making on every turn, and makes every run feel fresh and unique. You will never have two identical cities in a single run, and your developmental path for each run will be wildly different.
To begin with, city development does not occur like other city builder games rather than selecting buildings to construct based on your current technology level, you are able to choose one of several buildings to add to your hand every turn, and can choose to construct any building from your hand at any time. The offered buildings get progressively more advanced, and thus you are able to complete more ambitious projects as time goes on. There is a strict limit to how many cards you can have in your hand at once, which encourages you to play for the now, rather than saving forever for a future that may not come. It may be tempting to pick up a GMO lab to greatly ramp up food production, but if you do not have the adequate science production, that card might take up a precious slot in your hand for many turns, which can severely restrict your options. At the same time, the science resource is used in the building that increases your hand limit, which means youll have to decide between a greatly boosted food production or increasing the chances of obtaining another extremely valuable building the next turn, such a space telescope that can generate a ridiculous amount of science per turn. You will always be barely short of a particular resource, and while waiting to accumulate a sufficient amount, your attention will be ripped away towards another tantalizing new project that will completely derail all your previous plans.
At the start of every run, you are also prompted to select a leader. There are many leaders that each have special active abilities and a special passive ability, and you will be able to perform one action with them per turn. However, you are only able to choose from two randomly selected leaders at a time, and they retire after 10 turns, though their passive ability will remain with you for the rest of the run. Each leader will specialize in a particular area, whether it is resource generation, exploration, population support, or directly improving your terraforming parameters.
While the full release will offer additional game modes such as the highly anticipated endless mode, currently in Early Access, Terraformers offers a selection of victory conditions, and you choose one as an end-goal for your forthcoming run. For instance, you can choose to raise all four terraforming parameters to a certain level, or you can choose to propagate a certain amount of lifeforms. Each run then becomes a race to complete the objective as soon as possible, and you are scored based on your speed and performance. However, the run ends as soon as the objective is complete, which is a bit disappointing for prospective players who are looking to make an entirely green planet.
Currently, Terraformers is playable in an early access build, and additional features and content are planned to be included in the full release. This includes some modern staples such as an in-game wiki and the aforementioned endless mode (which is actually a fully featured custom mode), as well as a new feature known as Technologies, which are played like space projects but only require the science resource.
There is also a roadmap for all the updates up until release, which include a considerable amount of gameplay content and features. The roadmap can be viewed below.
As a lover of roguelike and simulation games, and as a general enthusiast about space and sci-fi, Terraformers has definitely left a considerable impression on me. Its wonderfully addictive gameplay loop is wrapped in an immersive and lovingly crafted package that delivers on all fronts. While its undeniable that it is currently in an unfinished early-access state, the developers communicate frequently with the community and have shown several glimpses into the finished product, which show immense promise. Many of the issues that Ive had with Terraformersare UI-related, but it appears that the UI, among many other aspects of the game, are due for a final layer of polish that will truly propel this game into greatness.
Terraformers was released for Early Access on Steam and GOG on April 21, 2022. There is no set date for full-release, but is expected to be within the next 6 months. Terraformers currently has localization for English, French, German, Spanish, and Russian.
There is a Discord available for the game, where the community can interact with the developers directly to learn more about the game, discuss development, and report issues.
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Sins Of The Black Flamingo Thank FOC It’s Saturday, 4th of June 2022 – Bleeding Cool News
Posted: at 1:02 am
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Thank FOC It's Saturday Planned to coincide and cover the demands of Final Order Cut Off at Diamond Comic Distributorson Monday. And nowLunar Distribution and Penguin Random House on Sunday as well. So here's this week's comics product coming through that may need adjusting as demand slips and slides with the emerging economic bubble. Or somesuch. Traditionally FOC is the date when retailers have a last chance to amend their advance orders for comic books without penalty. A final opportunity for publishers to promote books while orders can still be added. A time for credits to be amends, new covers to be revealed, and a final push given. This is an attempt to sift through them all and find the most relevant items. But no DC this week, they are giving it a miss.
Sign up below, and we'll see what Thank FOC It's Friday brings next week on time possibly.
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Bitcoin Mining In The 22nd Century – Bitcoin Magazine
Posted: at 1:02 am
This article originally appeared in Bitcoin Magazine's "Moon Issue." To get a copy, visit our store.
BLOCK HEIGHT: 4,830,001
(c. Year 2100 in old terminology)
Greetings from the deep future! It is block height 4,830,001, and we have just had an interplanetary 23rd halving party. It is the year 2100, or as we now know it, the year 91 AB (After Bitcoin). Luckily for all of you, time travel has been discovered, and I can share the good news with all of you! The first half of the 21st century was beset by financial crises, war, poverty, inequality, environmental destruction and a COVID-19 pandemic, which caused international rolling lockdowns for over a decade, until the collapse of the global fiat economy necessitated a move away from lockdownism, profligate spending and inflation, and a return to monetary and economic, and hence, environmental, sustainability. To start, Ill give you a decade-by-decade look at how we arrived at our halving party.
While the worlds major economies were busy destroying themselves in the 2020s, smart money started migrating to Bitcoin, which created tremendous opportunities for Bitcoin miners, leading to more miners entering the market, increasing competition, and importantly, dramatically increasing innovation. By the end of 2029, every semi-industrial Bitcoin miner in the world was using low-energy cooling technologies, with just one 40-foot container full of immersed and overclocked mining rigs able to provide 5 megawatts (roughly one-third of an exahash) of portable, profit-generating electrical load, anywhere on the planet. By the end of the 2030s, all of the worlds flared gas was piped into Bitcoin containers, and customers were found for all of the worlds curtailed energy. Inflation was going at around 20% a year since the time youre reading this, so the $5.65 Big Mac you ate in 2021 would set you back about $300 in 2039. Luckily for you, bitcoin was worth $5,000,000, and fiat death was only about a decade away at this point. Unfortunately for billions of people on Earth, however, wage inflation was only 2%, and many hundreds of millions of people died due to famine and scarcityinduced conflict and social collapse in impoverished locations waiting for the fiat system to collapse under its own weight in 2050. Anyone who saved some sats during the 2020s and 2030s were themselves saved when economic judgment day arrived.
Further, the 2030s and 2040s saw the Bitcoin mining industry being the go-to buyer of first resort to prove remote nuclear fusion, solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal projects. While fusion had famously been 30 years away for a century at that point, thanks to Bitcoin, fusion was finally proven by 2049. Thanks to Bitcoin, a sustainable energy revolution took place, and humanity finally succeeded where international governments and agencies like the United Nations (UN) and World Economic Forum (WEF) failed consistently on their targets for several generations. The end of the 2040s was marked by mega-mergers between the worlds largest publicly listed energy companies, semiconductor design and manufacturing companies, and Bitcoin mining, consumer product and service companies.
In 2050, these quadrillion-dollar mega entities could design and build their own ASICs, mass-manufacture them, mine at large scale with energy they produced, and also offer customers the full suite of Bitcoin hardware, software and financial services. There were around 10 of these international megacorps that served about 80% of the market, with a booming open-source ecosystem of thousands of private, free, decentralized options serving the other 20% of the market. Competition in the Bitcoin mining space at this point was summed up as absolutely cut-throat with profit margins approaching zero, where the only way to remain alive was by competing on either cost or innovation.
With the price of bitcoin in 2050 being around $10,000,000, and now only growing at around 3% per annum due to its maturity and market saturation, silly novelties like physical metals have been completely demonetized. That $300 Big Mac you ate in 2039 was a cool $1,000 now, too. While gold was performing strongly at $10,000 per ounce in 2040, about 10 Big Macs, smart investors were growing impatient still holding gold over bitcoin after missing 1,000,000% upside over the past 30 years. People started becoming offended at being offered jewelry instead of satoshis.
As a result, by 2050, gold, and all other precious metals were selling by the tonne rather than the gram or ounce, which allowed humanity to take advantage of the miracle of gold, silver, platinum and others as building and industrial materials. Previously prohibitively costly technologies and innovations were unlocked due to plummeting material costs. Due to golds specific durability and anti-radiation properties, we could finally look to space. While most people were accustomed to a 10 Gbit/s internet connection in 2050, 1 Mbit/s satellite internet was free and ubiquitous around the world by then.
While the Bitcoin blockchain was now about 3 terabytes in size, the largely Bitcoin-driven revolution in semiconductor manufacturing meant that you could be up and running with your own synced up Bitcoin full node for the cost of a Big Mac. The Bitcoin-driven energy revolution also meant that at-home fusion reactors were now only 30 years away from proving out at this time. The EU, U.S. and China have collapsed, alongside the UN, and there are now 2,000 independent states, that compete for the worlds best talent through responsible policy. War is not possible under a finite monetary system, and world peace has been achieved.
We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard. A hundred years on from JFKs famous speech and several of the worlds free independent states have established bases on the moon. Due to the sheer amount of satellites and relays in space, moon miners were not at a large disadvantage, and all energy not dedicated to terraforming the moon is going toward Bitcoin mining. On Earth, 25% of the worlds energy is dedicated to mining bitcoin, and due to the largely Bitcoin-driven intense competition in the energy markets, regular people effectively had access to very low-cost, if not free, energy. By the end of the 2070s, no one on planet Earth was without energy or electricity, and its all cheap and clean, thanks mainly to Bitcoin. The energy revolution enabled unprecedented opportunities for individual sovereignty and self-sufficiency, and major advancements in 3D printing and materials over the past half a century has made the Star Trek replicator dream one step closer to reality. Who ended up building the roads? Thanks to the Bitcoin monetary stack, micro and nano payments enabled a road network where users can pay competing private road operators for road use, even in per meter traveled increments, and even allow payments between vehicles themselves. This may sound strange but paying a few extra sats for all of your services still ends up being far, far cheaper than suffering through inflation and paying income, sales and land taxes.
The 2080s and 2090s saw a fairer global wealth distribution than that presented by Credit Suisse in its "2021 Global Wealth Report. Back then, the top 1.1% of the population held 45.8% of global wealth, with the next 11.1% holding another 39.1%, and the bottom 55% only owning 1.3%. Now, the top 1% only hold 20% of the wealth, with the bottom 80% holding a far healthier 20%. Although this isnt necessarily equal, this is far more in line with natural power laws (i.e., the 80-20 rule). Indeed, with the ending of the fiat delusion of finite resources, infinite money and the market- and society-distorting practice of mass money printing, humanity was able to return to a more natural path. In the old fiat days, the top 1% could gamble, get bailouts from the government if the bet went sour, and off to the casino they went again. Now, the people who sell or spend their bitcoin know just how difficult they are to earn back. Once its spent, its spent forever. No reprints. Importantly, with terraforming of the moon well underway, and Mars also becoming a tourist destination, the worlds people were culturally ready to usher in a new century of reaching for the stars.
And finally we arrive to now, the year 2100. There are still 10 megacorps that provide 80% of the mining hash rate, products and services, but none of the 10 megacorps that were around in 2050 are still in business. Competition is so fierce that it is unlikely that the current crop of Bitcoin megacorps will survive this century. The worlds wealthy are now mining at home on their own fusion mini-reactors, and at-home mining is generally responsible for 20% of the hash rate. A third of the worlds energy is dedicated to mining, and the worlds grid is emissions free. Of note is that humanity now uses a full 50 times more energy than we did a century ago all clean. Although people generally know what Bitcoin is, there are now so many layers and abstractions, bitcoin is just money to Earth- and moon-bound people. Almost no individuals use baselayer Bitcoin to transact, and very few even use Layer 2 either, with most people using Layer 3 or above for day-to-day activities. Unfortunately though, the speed of light is too slow, and Bitcoins 10-minute block time is too fast, for bitcoin to be an effective money across the entire universe. The Martians have bootstrapped their own local proof-of-work-based monetary system, and a healthy UnEx (universal exchange) Market is forming. Although we still have another 40 years or so before the mining reward ends, the not enough fee revenue risk failed to materialize. Base-layer blocks are full, 24/7, just under a million transactions per day, with each of these million transactions themselves settling hundreds of thousands of other transactions per day on higher layers. While a base-layer transaction costs the equivalent of $1,000 in 2021 money, the total value settled per transaction is closer to $10 million, making the effective fee rate 0.01%.
Some parting advice from deep into the future: Take good care of your keys and hold onto them for dear life. Now it's time for me to head back to the future. I have a lunch date with my grandfather, The Friar himself, at a fighting-fit 114 years old, who's fresh out of hospital with a new set of 3D-printed stem-cell lungs. He's on his second 3D-printed heart, and third 3D-printed liver indeed, HODLing was not easy.
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Wow, Facebook really knows how to give someone a send-off! – Yahoo Finance
Posted: at 1:02 am
So much for that touching goodbye post to Sheryl Sandberg that Mark Zuckerberg posted just 9 days ago, when after a 14-year run at Facebook now Meta Platforms Sandberg said she was resigning from her post as COO. At the time, Zuckerberg called Sandberg's planned departure the "the end of an era" and spoke glowingly of her as an "amazing person, leader, partner, and friend."
Today, the Wall Street Journal reports for the second time since Sandberg resigned that Facebook has been investigating Sandberg since at least the fall for the possible misuse of corporate resources.
Under review: whether she had Facebook employees engaged in work that supported her Lean In foundation, whose mission it is to foster women's leadership and workplace inclusion; whether she pulled Facebook staffers into the writing and promotion of her second book, "Option B," which focused on overcoming the sudden death of her husband in 2015; and finally whether she diverted the time and attention of Facebook employees to her upcoming wedding this summer.
What a monster.
We don't know who is leaking details of this investigation to the WSJ, but if the "people familiar with the matter" are trying to destroy her reputation, they're doing a comically lousy job. (We reached out to Facebook for more information earlier and have yet to hear back from the company.)
For one thing, no one thinks Sheryl Sandberg is an angel. If they ever did, they reassessed many years ago, across numerous scandals, from Facebook's obvious ambivalence about data privacy, to her handling of Facebook's public relations after revelations of Russian interference on the platform in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. (While Zuckerberg launched an apology tour at first, she launched an aggressive lobbying campaign to combat Facebooks critics.)
It plainly takes a certain kind of person to run a rule-bending company like Facebook, and you can't help it grow into one of the most powerful companies in world history without getting even dirtier. Still, a newer story leaked to the Journal in April managed to further raise questions about Sandberg. According to the report, Sandberg, who earlier dated Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick, twice pressed a U.K. tabloid to shelve a potential article about him, relying on a team that included both Facebook and Activision employees, as well as paid outside advisers.
Story continues
A lot of people found the possibility that Sandberg would potentially use her muscle in this way disturbing. The newest articles about Sandberg are different, though. In fact, we hope these leaks about investigations into Sandberg's potential misuse of assets are coming from Sandberg and her associates. Talk about brilliant machinations, if so.
Think about it. In Sandberg, we have a commanding female COO, who has long been credited for much of Facebook's growth, being investigated for relying on staff to (1) nurture an organization for women, (2) write a book primarily for women about overcoming grief and (3) being a human who is planning a joyous wedding after suffering unimaginable loss.
If Facebook really wants to take issue with Sandberg planning her wedding on company time, so be it. But clearly both Lean In and Sandberg's books proceeds of which were reportedly given to Lean In were very good for Facebook's brand when it most needed some softening.
Alas, we don't actually think Sandberg is seeking out coverage in the Journal. The more likely scenario is that there are people inside Facebook with an axe to grind. If so, their efforts to take down Sandberg may backfire in a big way unless these internal investigations reportedly the outgrowth of hiring its first chief compliance officer last year lead to a much bigger reveal.
As for now, Sandberg mostly looks to be getting the world's worst send-off from a company to which she remained dedicated longer than nearly any other executive aside from Zuckerberg himself. In fact, the Journal notes that it's well known already that both Sandberg and Zuckerberg use corporate resources for some personal matters. Facebook even makes "extensive disclosures" about these things in its regulatory filings, notes the outlet.
In the meantime, these slow leaks make Facebook appear petty and vindictive even borderline absurd. As reports the WSJ: "Some within Meta close to the investigation worry about potential Securities and Exchange Commission violations if Ms. Sandberg used professional resources for personal matters without adequate disclosures, although it isnt yet clear what such violations might be, people familiar with the matter said."
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Wow, Facebook really knows how to give someone a send-off! - Yahoo Finance
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