Daily Archives: February 7, 2022

How to evolve Eevee is once again a question of friendship, times of day, and unusual rocks.

As has been the case for a little while now, there are total of eight 'Eeveelutions' in Legends: Arceus, each with their own method. Most of these remain unchanged from traditional main series Pokmon games, but there are a couple of minor tweaks here and there.

We'll explain all of this below, in our guide on how to get Umbreon, Sylveon, Espeon, Leafeon, Glaceon, Flareon, Vaporeon and Jolteon in Pokmon Legends: Arceus.

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Pokmon Legends: Arceus Eurogamer Reviewscast

Broadly, there are several kinds of Eevee evolution method in Pokmon Legends: Arceus. For three of the Eeveelutions it involves giving Eevee a specific Evolution Stone. For two it's taking Eevee to a specific location (or a couple of other Evolution Stones).

For the final three, it's about a combination of a few things: Happiness, time of day, and what moves it knows. Here's how that latter three work, for Sylveon, Espeon, and Umbreon.

Note that if Eevee knows a Fairy-type move and has high enough Happiness to evolve, it'll always evolve into a Sylveon, regardless of the time of day you choose to evolve it. To get Espeon or Umbreon, you need to remove any Fairy-type moves it knows first (done via selecting Eevee in your bag menu and then 'Change Moves').

To raise Eevee's Happiness meanwhile, there are a few things you can do, namely keeping it in your party for a little while. It's difficult to confirm exactly, but battling with it lots, not letting it be knocked out in battle - and, if it is knocked out, heal it up again quickly - and using it to collect items from trees and crystals will all seem to increase friendship over time.

You can check your Eevee's Happiness level from a man called Belamy in Jubilife Village, who's by the pastures - but you'll need to complete a quick request called Measuring your Compatibility, first. To be happy enough to evolve into either of the above three, Eevee has to be at least at the "fast friends" level, in the words of Belamy.

To evolve Eevee into Glaceon and Leafeon, you actually have a choice of two different methods, similar to how you have a couple of methods for Evolving Eevee in Pokmon Go.

You can evolve Eevee into the Ice-type Glaceon by either:

You can evolve Eevee into the Grass-type Leafeon by either:

Here's where you can find the Icy Rock in Alabaster Icelands:

And here's where you can find the Mossy Rock in Obsidian Icelands:

Our Pokmon Legends: Arceus walkthrough will guide you through this new adventure! It begins with selecting your starter Pokmon, before youre tasked with completing the Hisui Pokdex by completing Research Tasks, and tackling your first boss fight against Kleavor plus how to evolve Scyther into Kleavor and Scizor. Similarly, here's a list of all new or changed evolution methods and how to evolve Eevee into all Eeveelutions, too! Dont forget to increase your Star Rank and complete Requests too, such as Strange Happenings at Night and Wisp locations. You can also make your Pokmon more powerful by increasing their Effort Levels.There are also new Hisui regional variants to catch and having save files from Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl, Sword and Shield, along with Lets Go Pikachu and Eevee will unlock additional rewards.

Last but not least are the three original Eeveelutions, Flareon, Vaporeon, and Jolteon. These are the simplest of them all, simply needing you to use a specific Evolution Stone on your Eevee to get the evolution of choice. Here's how it's done, if you haven't already guessed it:

And that's it! Good luck and have fun with your many, super-cute Eeveelutions. For more evolution methods meanwhile, our main Pokmon Legends: Arceus evolution methods list has you covered.

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Pokmon Legends Arceus Eevee evolution: How to evolve Eevee ...

Rapid erosion of supermountains released large amounts of nutrients, which were eventually carried into the oceans.

Giant mountain ranges at least as high as the Himalayas and stretching up to 8,000 kilometers across entire supercontinents played a crucial role in the evolution of early life on Earth, according to a new study by researchers at The Australian National University (ANU).

The researchers tracked the formation of these supermountains throughout Earths history using traces of zircon with low lutetium content a combination of mineral and rare earth element only found in the roots of high mountains where they form under intense pressure.

The study found the most giant of these supermountains only formed twice in Earths history the first between 2,000 and 1,800 million years ago and the second between 650 and 500 million years ago. Both mountain ranges rose during periods of supercontinent formation.

Lead author, ANU PhD candidate Ziyi Zhu, said there are links between these two instances of supermountains and the two most important periods of evolution in Earths history.

Theres nothing like these two supermountains today. Its not just their height if you can imagine the 2,400 km long Himalayas repeated three or four times you get an idea of the scale, she said.

We call the first example the Nuna Supermountain. It coincides with the likely appearance of eukaryotes, organisms that later gave rise to plants and animals.

The second, known as the Transgondwanan Supermountain, coincides with the appearance of the first large animals 575 million years ago and the Cambrian explosion 45 million years later, when most animal groups appeared in the fossil record.

Co-author Professor Jochen Brocks said: Whats stunning is the entire record of mountain building through time is so clear. It shows these two huge spikes: one is linked to the emergence of animals and the other to the emergence of complex big cells.

When the mountains eroded they provided essential nutrients like phosphorous and iron to the oceans, supercharging biological cycles and driving evolution to greater complexity.

The supermountains may also have boosted oxygen levels in the atmosphere, needed for complex life to breathe.

The early Earths atmosphere contained almost no oxygen. Atmospheric oxygen levels are thought to have increased in a series of steps, two of which coincide with the supermountains, Ms. Zhu said.

The increase in atmospheric oxygen associated with the erosion of the Transgondwanan Supermountain is the largest in Earths history and was an essential prerequisite for the appearance of animals.

There is no evidence of other supermountains forming at any stage between these two events, making them even more significant.

The time interval between 1,800 and 800 million years ago is known as the Boring Billion, because there was little or no advance in evolution, co-author Professor Ian Campbell said.

The slowing of evolution is attributed to the absence of supermountains during that period, reducing the supply of nutrients to the oceans.

This study gives us markers, so we can better understand the evolution of early, complex life.

The research has been published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

Reference: The temporal distribution of Earths supermountains and their potential link to the rise of atmospheric oxygen and biological evolution by Ziyi Zhu,Ian H.Campbell, Charlotte M. Allen, Jochen J. Brocks and Bei Chen, 28 January 2022, Earth and Planetary Science Letters.DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117391

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Giant Supermountains Stretching Across Entire Supercontinents Controlled the Evolution of Life on Earth - SciTechDaily

Pokmon Legends Arceus allows its players to evolve their Eevee into all of its available evolutions, Vaporeon, Jolteon, Flareon, Espeon, Umbreon, Leafeon, Glaceon, and Sylveon. But among all the Eevee evolutions you can add to your team in the newly released Pokmon Legends Arceus, which one is the best?

In true Pokmon fashion, all of Eevees evolutions have their own strong and weak suits. Stats-wise, among all evolutions, Flareon has the highest base Attack, Leafeon has the highest base Defense, Vaporeon has the highest base HP, Umbreon has the highest base Special Defense, while Glaceon and Espeon tie with the highest base Special Attack among all evolutions. Looking solely to speed, Jolteon is the best of the loot.

That aside, taking into account their moves, as well as their base stats, the best all-rounders among all Eevee evolutions are Leafeon and Sylveon, depending on which type of attack you plan to focus on, with Jolteon falling slightly behind on stats but leaving the two on the dust on the speed department. On the other hand, if you are looking for an evolution capable of dealing extremely high damage, Flareon would be our choice, thanks to their high base attack and good Special Attack. With that said, its important to point out that the way you build your Pokmon can dratically affect their performance, so its vital that you focus on their strong suits. That aside, it is also important to say, yet again, that each evolution has its own strengths and weakness, with all of them being capable of exceeding while in the right matchups.

Now that you know what Eevee evolution can be considered the best in Pokmon Legends Arceus, dont forget to check out where to catch Eevee, as well as how to evolve them into Vaporeon, Jolteon, Flareon, Espeon, Umbreon, Leafeon, Glaceon, and Sylveon.

You can playPokmon Legends Arceusright now, exclusively on the Nintendo Switch. You can check out our review of the newly released gamehere.

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Pokmon Legends Arceus - Which Eevee Evolution is the Best - Attack of the Fanboy

The new year in Niskayuna brought with it a change in government, so it seems an appropriate time to consider Niskayunas town government historically.

Like all towns in New York state, Niskayuna is bound by the powers granted by the state. Early on these were fairly minimal, mostly dealing with the collection of taxes and dispensation of justice.

Town boards of the 19th century and even into the 20th century consisted of a supervisor and town justice. With increasing responsibility and modernization came the separation of the legislative and judicial branches and the election of council members.

The primary role of the town supervisor, other than presiding over the Town Board, was to manage financial accounts and serve as the towns representative on the county Legislature, which typically addressed more significant business.

When the town was more rural, the needs of a continually operating government were less common, but as the responsibilities of the day-to-day running of government became more involved, the role of the supervisor evolved increasingly into a town administrator.

As we look back at the history of town supervisors in Niskayuna, it is not unlike those of other small towns in the Northeast. In the 1800s, the term of office was one year and most supervisors served one term, almost as if it were a shared stewardship.

During that time, Niskayuna primarily had a rotation of supervisors from the early families of the settlement: Vroomans, Van Antwerps, Van Vrankens, Pearses and not much else.

Contrary to popular belief, in the 1800s Niskayuna supervisors were from a range of parties, including Federalists, Democrats, Whigs and, later, Republicans.

In our first 100 years, Niskayuna had 42 supervisors, while in our second century we had only 16. Much of that shift started after the Civil War, likely due to a combination of increasing political partisanship and industrialization.

As society advanced away from farming, the issues facing the supervisor required a broader scope of knowledge for day-to-day operations and more strategic planning for the years ahead than could be had from an annual rotation.

This becomes quite evidentin the historical record around the turn of the century, when most news reporting shifted from a statement of the budget balance to concerns about sewer expansion, bus routes, radioactive waste and state comptroller audits.

In reviewing the historical record of former supervisors, there was nothing very detailed to draw from. In many cases there was more written about their pending mail and their wives parties than the business of government.

Early on, town supervisors were primarily farmers and merchants, while more recently Niskayuna supervisors have been engineers, marketing executives and teachers.

One individual with a most distinct historical record that deserves mention was our first town supervisor, Lawrence Vrooman. Documents show that Vrooman was a surveyor in the area and served in the militia led by Capt. Jellis Fonda. With several postings in the area, he was stationed briefly at Saratoga during the fighting until he was sent home with an illness.

Just a year before his death, the federal government passed a pension reform for revolutionary veterans. Records show himself, his widow and his son engaged in a decades-long quest to obtain the pension, which was never paid. Like many of his successors, Vrooman represented the area in thestate Assembly after serving as supervisor.

Looking back through history, our supervisors do have some interesting experiences. For the first of these supervisor facts, it would seem being first ran in the family. Lawrence Vroomans father, Isaac, was the first mayor of Schenectady.

Some other interesting supervisor facts:

Ben Spear is chairman of theNiskayunaHistorical Committee. The committee encourages any past or present town residents to contact theNiskayunatown historian at [emailprotected] regarding any information, resources or stories they might like to share aboutNiskayunas distinctive history.

Categories: Life and Arts

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GLEANINGS FROM THE CORN FLATS: Town government's evolution and expansion over time The Daily Gazette - The Daily Gazette

New research suggests that stellar radiation is stripping away the "fluffy" atmospheres of exoplanets slightly smaller than Neptune, leaving behind their rocky cores and transforming them into worlds more closely resembling Earth.

In the 1990s, astronomers confirmed the existence of planets outside the solar system. Known as exoplanets, they are one of the most fascinating subjects of modern astronomy. Spacecraft such as NASA's pioneering Kepler observatory and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) have scanned the skies searching for periodic dips in the brightness of nearby stars. This blinking is a sign that a star is hosting a planet, which has crossed the face of the star and temporarily blocked its light.

Now that astronomers have collected thousands of exoplanet signatures, they are getting a better idea about the range of planetary sizes. One useful way astronomers have been labeling their findings is by comparing these worlds to the familiar planets living in our cosmic backyard; existing exoplanet categories include "super-Earths" and "mini-Neptunes."

Related: The 10 biggest exoplanet discoveries of 2021

Two new studies point to peculiar possibilities for planetary evolution, one of the key motivating factors behind exoplanet research.

Some exoplanets detected by astronomers are small, rocky worlds like Mars, and others are large gaseous planets such as Saturn and Jupiter. But researchers have also found worlds with no close analogs in our own solar system. For example, they've discovered exoplanets that are between the size of Earth and Neptune, which is about 3.9 times wider than our planet.

It turns out that these mini-Neptunes might be shedding their "fluffy" outermost shells and shrinking into super-Earths, according to the new research. This instability and transition may explain why it is relatively rare to detect exoplanets that are between the size of Neptune and Earth.

"A planet in the size-gap would have enough atmosphere to puff up its radius, making it intercept more stellar radiation and thereby enabling fast mass loss," Michael Zhang, lead author of both studies and a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, said in a Feb. 3 statement describing the papers. "But the atmosphere is thin enough that it gets lost quickly. This is why a planet wouldn't stay in the gap for long."

According to Zhang, this process has never been caught until now. But astronomers have suspected for some time that small mini-Neptunes have evaporating atmospheres.

The researchers used the Hubble Space Telescope and the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii to observe four mini-Neptunes. They noticed that two of their subjects one called HD 63433c located 73 light-years away from Earth, and another called TOI 560.01 found 103 light-years away had fast-moving gas in their atmospheres.

"The speed of the gases provides the evidence that the atmospheres are escaping," said Zhang. "The observed helium around TOI 560.01 is moving as fast as 20 kilometers [12.4 miles] per second, while the hydrogen around HD 63433c is moving as fast as 50 kilometers [31.1 miles] per second."

"The gravity of these mini-Neptunes is not strong enough to hold on to such fast-moving gas," Zhang added. "The extent of the outflows around the planets also indicates escaping atmospheres; the cocoon of gas around TOI 560.01 is at least 3.5 times as large as the radius of the planet, and the cocoon around HD 63433c is at least 12 times the radius of the planet."

Zhang and his team aren't ruling out other possible scenarios. Maybe super-Earths never had a thick blanket of gas to shed in the first place, for instance.

"As exoplanet scientists, we've learned to expect the unexpected," Heather Knutson, a planetary scientist at Caltech and Zhang's advisor, said in the statement. "These exotic worlds are constantly surprising us with new physics that goes beyond what we observe in our solar system."

The papers describing the TOI 560.01 research and the HD 63433c observations were both published on Jan. 17 in The Astronomical Journal.

Follow Doris Elin Urrutia on Twitter @salazar_elin. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or on Facebook.

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Exoplanet evolution? Mini-Neptunes may shed their atmospheres and become super-Earths - Space.com

How pale I look! I should like, I think, to die of consumption because then the women would all say, see that poor Byron how interesting he looks in dying!

Behold the lyrical words of the 19th-century romantic poet Lord Byron, who made this remark while gazing at his reflection. Consumption, as tuberculosis was known then, was treated as a beautiful disease. The paleness, reddish cheeks, slenderness, fragility all signs of physical deterioration and pain were desired, even proclaimed sexually attractive. As Charlotte Bront declared in 1849, Consumption, I am aware, is a flattering malady.

But as the century progressed, the disease, once so clouded in romantic imagery and mystery, was revealed to be much more prosaic, researcher Imogene Clarke wrote. Romantic portrayals and perceptions of consumption were gradually replaced with scientific facts, and the once-mysterious disease was transformed into a public health problem.

Throughout history, pandemics and disease have shaped our romantic preferences. The people we find attractive, qualities that appear favorable, all fall on a dynamic graph of biological and psychological evolution.

In 1985, the two plagues of cholera and love coexisted in Mrquezs city without a name. Now, love in the time of corona is the phrase preserving flesh memories of romance, situationships and the evolving dynamics of who we find attractive during a global pandemic.

***

Some decades ago; masks were seen as a contamination cue, making others think they need to stay away. However, mounting research shows evidence of a change in perception.

Recently, researchers at the U.K.s Cardiff University found how two years of mask-wearing have altered our idea of attraction. The study found that people wearing blue surgical masks were deemed most attractive. This may be because were used to healthcare workers wearing blue masks and now we associate these with people in caring or medical professions, Michael Lewis, one of the co-authors of the study, told The Guardian. At a time when we feel vulnerable, we may find the wearing of medical masks reassuring and so feel more positive towards the wearer.

The mask wearers covered face becomes shorthand for many things: the person adheres to norms, appears safe, and respects public and social health codes.

Related on The Swaddle:

New Study Shows Mask Wearing Has Changed What We Find Attractive

Disease and evidence of disease can play a big role in mate selection previously any cues to disease would be a big turn-off. Now we can observe a shift in our psychology such that face masks are no longer acting as a contamination cue, Lewis added.

These shifts can be explained by something evolutionary psychologist Mark Schaller called the behavioral immune system, a subconscious messaging that regulates the human response in the presence of an infectious disease. Think of it as a checklist we subconsciously keep to protect ourselves from the threat of pathogens. This other immune system mobilizes cognitive and emotional responses such as fear, anxiety, and disgust to avoid pathogens, explained Schaller.

The purpose of the behavioral immune system is to adapt individual instincts to reduce the likelihood of getting infected. Take, for instance, peoples fear of crowded places or hesitation to touch others today. As a professor of psychology, Manos Tsakiris argued, disgust is an aversion to contact, driven by a fear of contamination. Our hands and mouths are the gatekeepers, the charged body parts whose activities can keep us safe or imperil us.

In the case of tuberculosis, when people found out more facts about the disease, their behavioral immune system recalibrated to think of what were earlier fragile markers of beauty as infectious and threatening. Soon after, as author Carolyn A. Day noted in her book, corsets distanced themselves from signs of thinness tubercular chic to a more curvy form. Curviness suddenly began to be deemed healthy and more attractive.

According to one theory, disgust also forms the fulcrum of our sexual psychology; in that, disgust motivates avoidance of sexual partners who may display signs of infection and potentially risk the health and viability of offspring. Consumption, coitus, and contact are all behaviors regulated by disgust and because of the link to disease all associated with one or more historical foodborne, sexually transmitted, or contact-facilitated pandemics, a paper published in PNAS concluded.

***

I have often wondered what happens to love during such anomalies in time. The temporal experience of love, after all, is an essential aspect of social life So then what happens to romances in times of war, calamities, and diseases? wrote author Ipshita Nath last year.

The answer to her question may also lie in understanding the behavioral immune system. A study conducted pre-Covid19 by researchers at McGill University sought to scrutinize how the risk of infectious diseases changed peoples dating behavior.

People who felt most vulnerable to disease showed lower levels of interest in prospective dates, regardless of how desirable they were, the researchers noted. They noted patterns like reduced eye contact and speaking less. In one instance, the participant remembers wanting to flee the date.

Related on The Swaddle:

The Pandemic Has Changed Intimacy For Good

In another sample survey, young American couples attested to expressing more fear, anger, and sadness during their dating interactions in comparison to pre-2019 levels. In other cases, people with more concerns about Covid19 and infection were found to be more picky and concerned with commitment and future. Researchers also noted an increase in the importance of stability, family commitment, and physical/social attractiveness, as well as fear of being single.

Interestingly, when participants (who were mostly heterosexual) in this study were more acutely aware and anxious about an infectious disease, they were more likely to give weightage to symmetrical faces. Various studies from the last decade have noted that people with symmetrical faces are believed to be healthier themselves. Not only that, but they are also more likely to have children with a stronger immune system. This is evidenced by how people in the African tribe of the Hadza who face a higher risk of infection due to being closer to the equator displayed a stronger preference for facial symmetry than participants in the UK.

***

But this tale of disease and desire also carries hints of prejudice. The unconscious fear of infection shapes many aspects of our psychology (for better or for worse) our perception of love and attraction is just one of them. Beyond disgust for primary contaminants such as blood or rotten food, were also capable of a wider sense of disgust, shaped by social forces, that extends to groups, objects or situations that bear no reliable connection with a real risk of infection, argued Tsakiris. Indias sordid history of untouchability, of designating more than 160 million people as less than human beings, is only one manifestation of the unholy marriage of psychological bias and political structures.

Theories about mate selection, or germ spreading, stigmatize those who are structurally poor and marginalized when placed within the cultural gender roles and social structures. Schaller expressed concern that once it [the bias] is active, it can spill over into new domains beyond the one its meant to be protecting us against.

This relationship between love and disease is as microbial as it is social. Its brilliance lies in how swiftly the fear of contagion catches on to us and primes us for self-preservation. We alter our beliefs, our romantic choices, our desires all in service of survival. But it also hides the terrible rot of prejudice within, feeding hate and bigotry.

The duality is a malady of its own, just not a flattering one.

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How Historical Pandemics and Disease Shaped the Evolution of Our Romantic Choices - The Swaddle