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Monthly Archives: August 2021
‘They Grew Me Up’: Steve Harvey Posts Throwback Picture of Twins, Fans Swoon – Atlanta Black Star
Posted: August 22, 2021 at 3:20 pm
Steve Harvey is celebrating the birthdays of his twin daughters and oldest children, Karli Harvey Raymond and Brandi Harvey.
On Saturday, Aug. 21, he uploaded a throwback Instagram photo of them holding hands, wearing matching smiles, matching twisted hairstyles and matching dresses. He added a heartfelt caption that reads, My 2 greatest joys @iambrandiharvey @iamkarliraymond They grew me up and I love them so Happy birthday ladies.
The two ladies celebrated their 39th birthday with a post on their respective Instagram accounts and added a shoutout to each other in their captions. Uploading two pics, Brandi wrote, Its me and my BEST FRIENDS Birthday . One year wiser and one year better.Me and @iamkarliraymond have been rocking for life and we aint stopping no time soon! Go ahead and show us some love because we love you back! .
As for Karli, she dedicated her caption not only to her sister but she also opened up about her growth in the past year to her fans. She started by telling her sister, I Love you and our sisterhood more than words could ever express, then went on to explain how she bossed up. She said, I bossed up in my prayer life. I bossed up in my faith, my walk with God AND I bossed up in business! God showed me what was possible if I just TRUST HIM!
Karli, who is a wife to entrepreneur and speaker Benjamin Raymond and a mother to 5-year-old Benjamin Raymond Jr., continued, This year I allowed myself to become more vulnerable and I started asking for the help I needed. I relied on a good sister girlfriend more and started a weekly prayer call! I exercised my NO and erected some real boundaries in my life. This year showed me what I was really capable of. THAT IF I EXPANDED MY MIND, GOD WOULD EXPAND MY TERRITORY! This year I saw myself as more loving, more powerful, more compassionate, more kind, more giving and I am GRATEFUL! I pray that my best years are ahead of me and that God continues to blow my mind with His splendor!
Steve welcomed his daughters and their brother, Broderick Harvey Jr. with his first wife of 13 years, Marcia Harvey. In 1996, he went on to wed his second wife, Mary Lee Harvey, with whom he shares son Wynton Harvey. That marriage ended in 2005, and in 2007 he said I do to Marjorie Harvey, his current wife. Although the two do not share children together, Marjorie does have three children, Lori, Morgan and Jason Harvey, from a previous relationship.
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'They Grew Me Up': Steve Harvey Posts Throwback Picture of Twins, Fans Swoon - Atlanta Black Star
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Your Tax Pro’s Just Not That Into You: Why You May Get Dropped – Bloomberg Tax
Posted: at 3:20 pm
Next year will be different.
Its a mantra that Ive heard over and over since the end of a long and stressful tax seasonwith apologies to those still working on extensions. After months of long hours, ever-changing rules and regulations, and shifting deadlines, many tax professionals are rethinking how they do businessand that includes a second look at who their customers might be.
Tax services can feel relatively simple when youre just handing over a stack of papers or uploading files to a portal. But how you regard the process can be critical to understanding whether your tax professional is a good fit.
Do you view your taxes each year as one in a series of transactions? Or are you looking for an ongoing professional relationship?
The answers to those questions are equally important to your tax professional. And if your tax professional doesnt seem that enthusiastic about providing services for you, theres likely a reason.
So, what could make a tax professional want to dump a client?
When I posed this question to tax professionals on social media, I received 216 comments just on Facebook. I received more than 100 additional responses on Twitter, LinkedIn, and email.
The answers were fairly consistent from tax professionals from all over the country, and firms of all sizes. Here are some reasons that your tax pro may not be that into you anymore:
You dont pay your bills. This should be an easy one. You pay your hairdresser. You pay your doctor. So pay your tax professionaland pay on time. If youre having financial difficulties, your tax professional likely already knowsthey know how much you make and often, how much you spendand may be willing to work out a payment plan. But thats a conversation you should have before you ask to have your taxes prepared or your tax controversy resolved, not after.
You complain about costs. When you hired your tax professional, you likely signed a retainer letter or reached an agreement about the feeand you agreed. So dont complain about it after the fact. Dont suggest that you could have gotten the same work done for less somewhere else. And, of course, dont try to bargain the bill down after the fact. You wouldnt walk into your favorite restaurant, down a $10 martini, and ask to pay $6 instead, would you?
You expect miracles. Paying taxes can be painfulbut you already knew that. And your tax professional is there to help you pay the correct amount: not too much, not too little. Thats why they ask you questions and stay on top of the latest deductions and credits. But they arent magicians. Nobody can (honestly) turn a $25,000 tax liability into a refundnot even with the wave of the tax code. Instead of complaining about an unfortunate tax bill, work with your tax professional to avoid the same result next year.
You lie. Repeatedly. Trust is key to any professional relationship. I dont care what you told your neighbor or brother about how much you made or where you spent your money: You need to tell your tax professional the truth.
Youre too predictable. There can be a level of comfort with sameness, especially when it comes to taxes. But, as many tax professionals pointed out, you cant possibly have the exact same deductions every year for your business, from utilities to employee compensation. And that Schedule A? Eventually, those real estate tax and mortgage interest numbers are going to changethe IRS knows that and your tax professional knows that. Dont hand over last years tax forms or statements and expect that your tax professional wont notice.
You dont call or show up like you said you would. Deadlines are hugely important in tax. When you take days or weeks to return calls or emails, youre making life hard for your tax professional. They dont have the time and energy to chase you for documents or signatures, especially during a busy tax season. If you promise to make yourself available, stick to it.
You call too often. If you have your tax professional on speed dial, you might want to rethink things. Its good to check in once in a while. But you dont need to call in the middle of the night because youre worried about your PPP forgiveness application. If your tax professional said they would have something for you on Friday, dont call on Tuesday to see how its going (its fine). If the IRS hasnt called about an examination, thats a good sign. And no, your tax professional cant make your refund show up any faster.
You dont respect boundaries. During the course of preparing your taxes, you may find that you need additional help outside of the scope of your representation. Depending on the circumstances, your tax professional may not be in the position to offer more than tax advice. Dont be afraid to ask for help but keep an open mind: If you need an attorney, financial adviser, or other assistance, your tax professional may be able to make a referral.
Youre always on social media. Its great to be educated on the latest tax developmentsknowledge is power. And there are some excellent resources on social media. But trust your tax professional. Just because youve heard about a potential tax deduction on TikTok or Facebook doesnt make it legitimate. Definitely ask questions, but be sure to put the phone down and listen.
Youre sloppy. There comes a time when your financial records should not resemble the contents of a high school locker. No one expects perfection but there has to be a line. And that line is somewhere between a neat Excel spreadsheet and, as more than one tax professional noted, receipts and records in a garbage bag. If youre naturally scattered or very busy, seek out a tax professional willing to help you get organized. But dont assume all tax professionals are okay with digging through your old Samsonite full of expense records without first having a discussion.
You sneak around. I appreciate that you may want to resolve some tax and payment issues on your own, but make sure your tax professional understands what youre doing. It can complicate things very quickly when youre running interference on the side, like reaching out to the IRS at the same time or setting up installment arrangements while your tax professional is attempting to negotiate an alternative. Its more than just awkward: It can be harmful. Communication is key, so be upfront with your tax professional about your plans.
Youre rude to everyone. This was the top complaint across the board. And in almost every case, tax professionals were concerned about the treatment of their staff. Ive worked in companies of all sizes, including running my own business, and I can confirm: Staff is our lifeline. Theyre spending long hours at the office, too. And no matter how frustrated you might be, theres no reason to take it out on the person who answers the phone, mails your return, or fields your email complaint. Being abusive to staff will get you bounced. And rightfully so.
Relationships of all kindsincluding professional onesare a two-way street. If you, as the client, realize that things arent working out, its time to walk away. But remember that the converse may also be true. Take the time to find and develop a working relationship with a tax professional that fits your lifestyle. Youll be glad you did.
**This is the first in a series on taxpayers and tax professionals.
This is a weekly column from Kelly Phillips Erb, the Taxgirl. Erb offers commentary on the latest in tax news, tax law, and tax policy. Look for Erbs column every week from Bloomberg Tax and follow her on Twitter at @taxgirl.
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Simranjeet Singh: Dribbler on the roof – The Indian Express
Posted: at 3:20 pm
Within minutes of the interview where he rather reluctantly talks about scoring a Lionel Messi kind of goal as a junior, Simranjeet Singh, the scorer of two of Indias five goals in the bronze-medal match against Germany, sends across a video. The 24-second clip is a validation of the 24-year-olds claim.
The action is from an India-Holland away game from 2016. Its probably shot by the teams computer analyst from the stands. Receiving the ball on the right, Simranjeet is close to the sideline and just inside the oppositions 25-yards. Its a position from where the less-ambitious forwards run down the flank, slap in a centre and pray that the ball finds a teammates stick in the crowded D. The handful who trust their quick hands, lightning-fast feet, look up to Dhanraj Pillay and are in a habit of watching Messi on loop go straight into the heart of the opposition. Simranjeet is one of them.
The shortest route to the goal is expectedly crowded. At one point he has two defenders in front and two biting at his heel. His speed and stickwork make him unstoppable. He has passing options, a couple of forwards can be seen running, breaking free from their markers but Simranjeet, as his idol would have done, decides to go solo.
On entering the D, two more Dutch players zero in to poke at the ball, stifle the run. Not going to work today. The ball, like a pet on a stretchable leash, doesnt run astray. The blur with a white patka keeps storming ahead. So far six rivals have been left in his wake, now theres just the goalkeeper to beat. Simranjeet just about manages stumbling, falling but still connecting the ball with a reverse swing.
Change the sport, replace the astro-turf with natural grass and it could well be Messi cutting in with his trademark hustle from the right, conning the defenders on the way and beating the goalkeeper with that magical left, barely able to stay on his feet after the frenzied run. Simranjeet says he had once seen Messi go past four players and score from a similar movement from the right and it stayed with him. That day I thought what Messi does, it can also happen to me in real life, he says.
In the dug-out that day was Harendra Singh, who was Indias junior coach then. Its been close to five years, Harendra has moved on. He is in charge of the US junior national side, presently in Santiago, Chile for the PanAm Cup. He still recalls Simranjeets Messi goal. I stood up and gave him a standing ovation with my hands folded. The entire stadium was on their feet, the opposition players were laughing, there was a sense of disbelief on their faces.
A hockipedia and a life-long student of the game, Harendra is known to have the knack to spot talent. His judgment carries weight. He calls Simranjeets skills unique. Such skills I have only seen in Baljeet Singh Dhillon and Dhanraj Pillay. Out of 100 players, maybe there will be just 1 such player. He is a solo player with great dodge and ball awareness. You need three skills to be such a good player Simran has all three. He has skills to go right, left and also the 3D skill the ability to dodge, pass and score with the lifted ball, he says.
Its been a long day for Harendra, most of it is eaten by his 14-hour long flight. But a text seeking his reaction for a story on Simranjeet, the player he rates as the finest goal-scorer and feeder in the 2016 Junior World Cup-winning team he coached, gets a quick reply. He says he is glad that the young boy is getting media attention. No one is writing about them, they are the unsung heroes.
He has a point. The fourth quarter nervousness of the bronze medal play-off, the draining relief of Sreejeshs penalty corner stop and the teary sight of Manpreet Singh leading the team on the podium after 41 years, made an overwhelmed India miss the trees for the wood.
The dazzle of Neeraj Chopras final day gold was so blinding that there was no time to put the hockey bronze under the microscope. The individual efforts however grand including Simranjeet scoring two heart-warming field-goals hung innocuously in the brief scores section below lofty reports about big hockey revival.
The subtle but significant changes to Indian hockey got overshadowed by the nations biggest-ever Olympic haul. Now that the celebratory dhols at the airport have died down, its time to gloat over the 20-something forwards Gurjant Singh, Hardik Singh and Simranjeet, who, unlike past Olympians, didnt freeze at the finish line. They werent anything like the other nervous Olympic newbies. They tried and pulled off audacious goals. They nutmegged reputed goalkeepers in do-or-die games. They even made the Germans wilt under pressure. All that bunched together, they did their bit in rebranding Indian hockey. Simranjeet, the poster boy of this change, embodies the subtle but significant change. The one who follows Dhanrajs hockey ethos but has Messi on his mind.
For the untrained eye, Simranjeet comes across as a classic Indian player, a flamboyant dribbler from the land of Dhyan Chand and Mohammed Shahid. But there is more to the story. He is way too respectful to distance himself from this flattering comparison but very politely he begs to differ.
People tell me I have a typical Indian game, I love to listen to such praise and I am proud of it but I am not a typical Indian hockey player. I have to adapt to the modern game, he says. A mix of Messi and a typical Indian hockey player? Yes, he replies with a broad smile.
Hockey for Simranjeet is a 247 obsession. So even while watching football on television, he visualises Messi with a hockey stick or him in a Barcelona T-shirt at Nou Camp. International football is covered by cameras from all angles, there are even shots from the top. This gives you an idea about the position and the structure a team adopts. Hockey has been adopting the football structure for a while now. As the ball moves from one player to another, I put myself in that situation and I keep asking questions what I would do if I was in that position, it helps me to take the right call in a real match situation, he says.
A compulsive dribbler while growing up in Punjabs Gurdaspur, coaches have repeatedly instructed Simranjeet to be selective about his solo run. With time, he would earmark areas on the field where he allows his inner Dhanraj/Messi to emerge. If I lose the ball because of my dodge it can go against the team. So I avoid them when I am in my half. But in case I am inside the rival 25 yards and in the D, I am free to do whatever. The mere thought of flying on the turf, weaving between defenders brings a smile to his face.
Were you a natural dribbler, someone born with the skill? Simranjeet smirks, its a question that undermines the countless hours he spent running around with the ball on his stick. Both he and coach Harendra reject the romantic notions that dribblers are Special Ones handpicked by the sporting Gods. They talk about the boring practice routines that shape an entertaining player. The painstaking background checks of opponents and the monotony of repetitions during training. There is also talk about the science of hoodwinking a defender and the lifelong pursuit of remaining unpredictable, the key for a successful dribble.
On the morning of the match, I visualise the defender I will be up against. We look for their weak points, I take each defender and see woh kidhar dodge kha sakta hai right or left. We observe them very closely, we really go into the details of how they react, says the forward.
Stage two is about weaponising the data. Suppose you have the ball and theres another forward joining you in the attack. In that case, the defenders have two things in mind I have to stop the pass or I have to avoid the dodge. So my job is to guess what he is thinking, he says. At this point, with the defenders weakness stored at the back of the mind, the player looks for on-field clues. If his position and angle of the stick is suggesting that he is going to stop the pass in that case I try to dodge him. And if he has the intention to stop me individually, in that case I will look to pass the ball. Mention his breath-taking dribble during the quarter-final against Great Britain at the Olympics that had the commentators jump out of their chair and call it the dodge of the tournament so that Simranjeet breaks it down. He, almost apologetically, goes blank. He mumbles a soft is it, a softer maybe, before giving up. What follows is a scientific explanation and it isnt about him being forgetful.
You train so much, you pore over the data for so long that it stays in your subconscious mind. And during the game when you have to fashion the dodge in that fraction of a second, the subconscious mind tells you which way you need to go, he says. So that special dodge against Great Britain was the mind reacting quickly and asking the limbs to make those game-changing split-second binary dribble or pass decisions. Effortlessness isnt easy, it comes after putting in a lot of effort.
The teacher in Harendra throws in an analogy. These boys train to increase awareness and deal with all kinds of tackles. They master the skill needed for every situation. I keep telling my boys, the head is the CPU of the computer and when you are training all information is in there. Once you are in the game, that same CPU, loaded with information, will transmit the instruction to the hands and legs.
The uploading of information has been on since the time Simranjeet left home in UPs Pilibhit when he was in Class V. His uncle in Gurdaspur had seen a spark in him, he didnt want it to go waste. Young Simranjeet found himself in a village where every kid played hockey and elders discussed the nuance of the game at street corners. It is a place where passer-bys stop in their tracks to change the grip of budding players or stuff notes in their pockets for a delectable nutmeg. Hockey expertise isnt confined to academies around here.
Simranjeet would follow his elder cousins one of them Gurjant, the one who found him in the crowd of German defenders with a delectable minus pass for Indias game-winning final goal in the bronze medal game to the ground. After the days training, Simranjeet says he wouldnt be bothered about the lack of company and work on his ball skills, try new things, polish old tricks.
Is Simran a loner? Harendra kills the enticing storyline of a boy away from his parents from an early age making the hockey stick and the ball his best friends. No, no no way. Just ask anyone, he was the darling of the team. He was the most intelligent player in my team. His company was sought by everyone, especially when they were going out shopping. His friends from Punjab would take him with them since he is well-versed in English. He knows how to talk, carry himself, how to discuss and how to bargain for others with shopkeepers, he says.
The fact that Simranjeet was the last-minute inclusion to the Olympic squad, wasnt played in the first two games at Tokyo and even missed the semi-final against Belgium seems to rankle his one-time coach. He has untapped talent, people have a tendency to take him lightly, says Harendra. And in the tone that indulgent teachers save for their favourites, he refers to his not quite chiseled face. Yeh golu-molu (chubby face) lagta hai so people think he is unfit, but I will tell you he is the fittest guy and he has a great temperament. It was him and Gurjant who scored in the junior World Cup final in 2016. Incidentally, Simranjeets Junior World Cup goal was similar to his first strike against Germany a tomahawk cracker from the top of the D. The boy with a beep test reading of 24 has fast legs and faster hands.
The golu-molu is also a hare-footed forward thats a deception made in heaven for this compulsive dribbler.
First goal (17th minute, India draw level at 1-1)He receives the ball inside the D with his back towards the goal. A quick turn to the right, he connects with a powerful backhand shot that grazes past the right post.
Simranjeet: Thats my favourite goal, one I will never ever forget. I had just entered the game and before that I had received a nice slap-ball from Harmanpreet that I had failed to stop and it had hit my foot. So I needed to make amends. That was when I also realised that the Germans were doing zonal marking and were focused on Mandeep, they didnt want him to receive the ball. I told Mandeep that they are focusing on you and they wouldnt allow you to take an open try so you have to make space for me. This is exactly what he did. I had shrugged off my marker when Nilakanta (Sharma) slapped the ball to me in the gap. And all I did was stop the ball and flick it. I didnt know where the ball was going. The point is if you take a hit within seconds of receiving the goalkeeper has no chance to stop the ball. The goalkeeper is standing in the centre position because he was in my line. If you are at the centre thats where the goalkeeper is going to place himself. By my quick turn and flick, I hit the ball at the angle of the goalkeeper. He was beaten by my turn.
Second goal (34th minute, India extends lead to 5-3)Gurjant runs to the baseline from the right, moves towards the goal and passes the ball to Simranjeet in front of the goal, who taps it in.
Simranjeet: Before the Germany game, we had missed four to five goals by making the mistake of waiting on the second post. Our opponents Germany, Argentina, Great Britain they are all very physically fit. They dont let you come in front of them. Germany is a very physical team and they use their body a lot. We noticed that the Germans have a kind of thumb rule they dont look at the ball, they mark the player who is in their goal-scoring zone. Inside the D, the forward does the action and the defender reacts. The defender has no idea where I am going to receive the ball. So we had trained to be deceptive we planned to show them that we are at a certain place but quickly change position. Gurjant and I had trained for this. Whenever a player is coming from the baseline, he has two options. Either he gives a minus pass or he tries to score from a zero angle, but it isnt easy to score from there. So we train that whenever someone is getting in with the ball from the baseline, he needs to look up once and weigh the options. So when Gurjant moved in, he looked up once and that was my moment of moving to the first post. He got the clue and passed the ball to first post. I got infront of one defender, dived between the other two and deflected his pass into the goal.
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In Conversation: Orla Gartland | Features – Clash Magazine
Posted: at 3:20 pm
We learn a lot from the internet. For instance, a Pringles lid fits perfectly on top of a Gu pudding pot, and theres a bear hidden in the Toblerone logo.
Whether we like it or not, and whether its true or false; a lot of what we learn day to day comes from the internet.
Woman On The Internet, the debut album from Orla Gartland, dissects everything she has learned from the last ten years or so growing up, whilst also uploading music to the internet. The record is an unapologetic expos of the anxieties that she has overcome, an ode to the lessons learned and those she ignored, and a pouring of adoration for people she has met along the way.
Its title refers to the faceless people we see online, flogging products and dishing out wellness advice, encouraging us to improve the way we live our lives despite being ultimately very disconnected from us.
This notion inspired a coming-of-age album that confronts and owns the loneliness we feel that encourages us to rely on these fabricated people we seek comfort from on the gram. Woman On The Internet is a treasure cove of eclectic influences from dizzying indie dream pop, hypnotic folklore and high-octane punk attitude. It really is the pick n mix you cant help but greedily gobble in search for a sugar rush.
We spoke to Orla about the record and why now is the time for its advent.
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Having released singles and EPs in the past, why is now the right time for a full album and how does Woman On The Internet fit in the Orla Gartland catalogue?
Its hard to describe but I just felt ready. When you know you know. A big thing for me over the past couple years was working away until I felt good enough at production to be self-sufficient in the demo-ing process. Its really satisfying to have an idea and be able to execute it yourself.
This album feels connected to my EPs in that its my voice and my stories, but I think this collection of songs has a bolder, more confident feeling than before.
Like many people in your generation, you grew up on the internet, so the title of your new record seems appropriate! How would you say that the internet has affected both you personally, and then your music; and how do the two relate?
Like a lot of people, I have a complicated relationship with the internet. I think a lot about how if I didnt have music to promote that I would, as Lorde says, throw my cellular device into the sea. The internet has given me so much but its such a fractured, toxic place to be and to put yourself or art out there. We have a long way to go in making online spaces safer and less anxiety-inducing for people.
Can you tell us a little more about the series of events or realisations that led to the writing of the record, and where you were physically and mentally?
Physically, I was feeling good. It was the beginning of 2020 - a simpler time - and Id finished up a busy year full of touring, so I felt ready to put shows on the back burner and lean into writing for a few months.
Mentally, I was catching up with myself after all the moving about; touring is amazing, but it sort of freezes you at the point you were that before the tour started, so I often find I have to do some work between tours to really embrace growth. So, life was still, and I was pensive, working through ideas and figuring out what I wanted to say next.
Despite the upbeat sounds of the record, you explore some rather dark and pressing themes in the lyrics. For example, influencer culture, self-awareness, masculinity, and toxic relationships. Why do you think these themes were central to your writing and how have writing the songs helped you approach them?
I write songs about things I find it hard to talk about. Writing is almost a cop-out in that way. Its a lot easier for me to process these ideas in a song than by talking to people in my real life! Ive really been that way since I was a teenager. I guess its a strange way of working through things but its better than not uncovering those thoughts at all. There are some heavier themes on the record but as you say, theyre almost disguised in shiny, upbeat packages. As a writer I live for that juxtaposition.
I absolutely love the record and have been following your music since we were both teens. This wholly feels like a come-of-age record for today. You really confront all the familiar yet ridiculously complex feelings of being in your early 20s. The record was written during the pandemic, where many people our age mourned what society largely considers to be the last of the young years do you think this influenced Woman On The Internet at all?
That makes me so happy, thank you! I had to use a lot of imagination for the writing of these songs not to be affected by the pandemic, but for the most part I dont think it is. I think naturally lockdown gave me more time than I would have otherwise had to give these songs hyper-focus, but this is a big life moment for me, my debut album. I wasnt about to let a pandemic steal that for me, nor was I was about to write 12 songs about how hard it is to be stuck inside. Lockdown songs suck and I dont think theyll age well!
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The songs are very playful, each bursting with personality, and you played a massive part in the production of it. Can you tell us a bit more about this process? Is there any part youd like people to listen out for, that youre particularly proud of?
I did some field recording last year with Nathan Cox who collaborated in the writing and production of some of the tracks. We recorded textures out and about and made a sample pack of percussion sounds; everything from dropping keys on the floor to whacking pieces of wood together. We cut it all up and made beats from the sounds and I liked the feeling of having a set of original sounds that were truly ours! The beats made from the tiny sounds on tracks like Do You Mind? And Bloodline/Difficult Things are some of my favourite moments on the album.
I also love how you and your friends create music almost in a collective; you, Greta Isaac, Dodie a group who have always supported one another. How have your friends and family helped to shape this record in particular?
Community is everything. Friends like Greta and Dodie are my favourite in the world and its the more pure, most joyous thing when we get to collaborate with each other on our projects. Working with friends is sick because they intimately get you and unlike collaborating with strangers you can truly let your guard down. The artist experience is such a specific one and this industry is brutal, so its important to surround yourself with people you love and trust and who just get it.
I feel as though you have a superpower where you add drama to the mundane you turn observations of every day into modern day folklore, and snippets of conversations we overhear every day into epic choruses. Your introspective insights provide listeners with a soundtrack to live their own come-of-age movie fantasies; for me its the chorus of Codependency. This is paired with the imaginative music videos youve released. How did you land on this imagery?
What a compliment! Dreamy. Greta Isaac, who we mentioned just now came on board to give creative direction across all of the album visuals. Her visual brain is incredible - the ideas it conjures up straight away when you play her a song are incredible. I think throughout the process we both grew to embrace the ideas we had and found ways to bring them out in each other. All of the music video ideas came from Gret and I having tea and just talking it all through.
Woman On The Internet is utterly unapologetic. What are you no longer apologising for, which before you used to?
I love that question. I was probably just apologising for existing! I can be the biggest people-pleaser (still am) so Ive been working on allowing myself to take up more space, I guess. As a writer Ive also just learned to be more direct, more literal with language. When I was younger, I liked hiding behind metaphors but now I have no problem with people knowing what Im singing about.
What would you tell your five year old self, your 13 year old self and your 16 year old self?
Wow. Five year old self - learn the piano! 13 year old self - chill out, no ones actually looking at you. 16 year old self - keep going! IT GETS BETTER!
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Oh, and one final treat... We've nabbed this live clip of Orla Gartland performing her gorgeous song 'More Like You' - watch it now.
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'Woman On The Internet' is out on August 20th.
Words: Tanyel Gumushan
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Genetics, Biotechnology, and the Future | The Center for …
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The genetics and genomics revolution has at its core information and techniques that can be used to change humanness itself as well as the concepts of what it means to be human. The age-old human fantasies of the mythical chimeras of the ancients, supernatural intelligence, wiping disease from human inheritance, designing a better human being, the fountain of youth, and even immortality now have biotechnical credence in the theoretical promises of genetics and genetic engineering. Not only can humanity's collective genetic inheritance be shaped by selecting which embryos are allowed to develop via pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, but genetic engineering, the availability of the human embryo for experimentation, and combining genes from many species require only sufficient imagination to catalyze the designing of a new humanity.
To talk about some of the implications of these technologies, Wake Forest University School of Medicine held a conference entitled Genetics, Biotechnology and the Future: Medical, Scientific and Religious Perspectives on January 24, 2004 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina in partnership with The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity. The conference was co-sponsored by the Bioethics Task Force of Wake Forest University, Christian Medical and Dental Associations, Piedmont Bioethics Network, and Trinity International University.
The conference brought together leaders from medicine, science, law, ethics, religion, and patient advocacy to examine how genetics and biotechnology should be used to shape our future. The overall goal of the conference was to spur in-depth deliberation across spheres of influence during the formative stages of genetic and biotechnological disciplines. The conference, promoted through Bioethics.com and other international venues, was a stimulating and rewarding experience featuring insightful exchange among the various fields.
In addition to discussing the genetic revolutions, competing conceptions of the human embryo's moral status were also debated at the conference. Greater support was voiced for a view in which "respect" entails more than just insisting that the benefits of killing be great enough. An embryo is a human being--genetically human and a being who will develop through a lifelong cycle, like other human beings, as long as suitable nurture and environment are provided. To diminish that being's status, because of the stage of development at the moment, appeared arbitrary to many--though some supported doing so.
While science is billed as morally neutral, there are many fallacies with this oversimplification. Science lacks moral neutrality not only in the priorities set but also in the hypotheses proposed and the questions asked, because the prevailing philosophical values of our culture influence all of these. The swaying of scientific aims by philosophical values is more fundamental to science's impact on our future than the actual gains of explorations themselves.
The conference noted that the medical profession--countering the narrowly focused, specific question-answering capabilities of science--humanizes scientific activity. The patient advocacy role of a physician takes the empirical-pragmatic scientific "logical way" of medicine into account, but guides patients to act consistently with their whole persons, not just their physical bodies. Medicine at its best never advocates a cure at the expense of denigrating a patient's soul. Medicine begins the ethical reflection on the "should we" questions. Recently, though, medicine has increasingly been preoccupied with patient autonomy and utility, and the need for the valuable counterbalance that can be provided by religious influences has become more apparent. Autonomy and utility should not trump all other ethical concerns.
To read current justifications of human cloning, embryonic stem cell research, and genetic intervention, though, one would think that constraining any scientific freedom is the ultimate evil. On the contrary, the greater evil arguably lies in allowing scientific development to proceed without ethical moorings. One would also think from current discussions that great medical benefits constitute their own justification; whereas common sense tells us otherwise. We don't remove all of the vital organs from a single healthy person just because a larger number of people can be enabled to live as a result.
Religious perspectives have a significant role to play in the ethical use of genetics and biotechnology--to connect autonomous choices with larger communal concerns. Religious views help ensure that scientific advances not only expand choices and produce benefits but do so without undermining our humanity and dignity in the process. This conference shattered the oft-quoted misconception that those who hold strong religious opinions are antagonistic to scientific investigation. Rather, all spheres of influence agreed on the high value of scientific and medical investigation with an aim to restore human health and alleviate disease and suffering. The consensus was that society should no longer allow these spheres of influence to remain separate and isolated in theoretical blindness. Rather society must prioritize cross-disciplinary examination to ensure that the future of human genetics and biotechnology is not only scientifically sophisticated and medically productive but also truly humane.
It is a cultural necessity today to have bioethics dialogs among informed citizens representing all spheres of influence. More opportunities like this are needed that bring together people of differing views to discuss and assess some of the most crucial issues of our time.
Editor's Note: The above text has been adapted from an article appearing in the Journal of International Biotechnology Law 1:2 (March, 2004): 53-55. The journal invited the authors to write the article, which discusses the most important ideas that emerged at the Center's latest regional conference, for its March 2004 issue.
To inquire about holding a CBHD conference in your area, please email the Center at info@cbhd.org.
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Largest catalog of human genetic diversity | National …
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June 9, 2020
The genome is the complete set of your DNA, including all of your genes. The human genome was first decoded nearly two decades ago. The genetic sequencing of thousands of genomes has allowed researchers to begin to understand how the human body is built and maintained.
But each persons genome is unique. Not enough genomes have been sequenced to understand all the ways that genetic variation can contribute to disease. To better understand the genetic diversity of the human genome, the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) Consortium was formed over eight years ago to collect and study the genomes of people around the world.
The international gnomAD team of over 100 scientists released its first set of discoveries in a collection of seven papers published on May 27, 2020 in Nature, Nature Communications, and Nature Medicine. The work was funded in part by several NIH institutes (see Funding section below for full list).
The flagship paper cataloged the genetic variation in both the protein coding and non-coding regions of human DNA. Included were more than 125,000 exomes (which include only the parts that code for proteins) and 15,000 whole genomes, from populations in Europe, East and South Asia, Africa, and more. The researchers identified a total of 241 million variants that were either small single point mutations (changes in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide) or insertions or deletions of short pieces of DNA.
The team explored how likely certain variants are to cause a loss of function in the proteins produced from the gene. Protein-coding genes were categorized based on their ability to tolerate genetic variations without being disrupted or inactivated by them. This analysis found more than 443,000 genetic variants that were likely to cause a loss of protein function.
The second paper explored why mutations identified as likely to cause a loss of function dont always cause the problems that might be expected. The team found that such variants are within segments of DNA that are often spliced out of the final mRNA copies of the gene used to produce proteins.
A third paper detailed the analysis of more than 433,000 structural variants in the human genome. Structural variants are changes that span long stretches of DNA, of at least 50 nucleotides. Structural variants were less likely to appear in protein coding regions than in non-protein coding regions. The team estimated that only about 0.13% of people carry a structural variant with any clinical significance.
The fourth paper explored how loss of function variations could be used to identify new drug targets. The fifth paper provided an example of how gnomAD could be used to validate drug targets. It analyzed the effects of loss of function variants in a gene called LRRK2, which has been associated with Parkinsons disease. The results suggestthat therapies to inhibit the LRRK2 protein would be unlikely to cause severe side effects.
The sixth paper described the impacts of variants in the region that sits immediately before the protein coding region of genes, called the 5 untranslated region. The researchers identified specific genes where variants in this region could lead to disease. One novel variant they uncovered was tied to neurofibromatosis. Finally, the last paper showed how gnomAD could be used to analyze multi-nucleotide variantsclusters of two or more variants that are often inherited together.
The wide-ranging impact this resource has already had on medical research and clinical practice is a testament to the incredible value of genomic data sharing and aggregation, says Dr. Daniel MacArthur at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, who is a lead author on the papers. More than 350 independent studies have already made use of gnomAD for research on cancer predisposition, cardiovascular disease, rare genetic disorders, and more since we made the data available.
The consortiums next steps are to expand gnomAD to increase the number of genomes and diversity of populations included. We are very far from saturating discoveries or solving variant interpretation, MacArthur says. The next steps for the consortium will be focused on increasing the size and population diversity of these resources, and linking the resulting massive-scale genetic data sets with clinical information.
by Tianna Hicklin, Ph.D.
References:
The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans. Karczewski KJ, Francioli LC, Tiao G, Cummings BB, Alfldi J, Wang Q, Collins RL, Laricchia KM, Ganna A, Birnbaum DP, Gauthier LD, Brand H, Solomonson M, Watts NA, Rhodes D, Singer-Berk M, England EM, Seaby EG, Kosmicki JA, Walters RK, Tashman K, Farjoun Y, Banks E, Poterba T, Wang A, Seed C, Whiffin N, Chong JX, Samocha KE, Pierce-Hoffman E, Zappala Z, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Minikel EV, Weisburd B, Lek M, Ware JS, Vittal C, Armean IM, Bergelson L, Cibulskis K, Connolly KM, Covarrubias M, Donnelly S, Ferriera S, Gabriel S, Gentry J, Gupta N, Jeandet T, Kaplan D, Llanwarne C, Munshi R, Novod S, Petrillo N, Roazen D, Ruano-Rubio V, Saltzman A, Schleicher M, Soto J, Tibbetts K, Tolonen C, Wade G, Talkowski ME; Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Neale BM, Daly MJ,MacArthur DG. Nature. 2020 May;581(7809):434-443. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2308-7. Epub 2020 May 27. PMID:32461654.
Transcript expression-aware annotation improves rare variant interpretation. Cummings BB, Karczewski KJ, Kosmicki JA, Seaby EG, Watts NA, Singer-Berk M, Mudge JM, Karjalainen J, Satterstrom FK, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Poterba T, Seed C, Solomonson M, Alfldi J; Genome Aggregation Database Production Team; Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Daly MJ,MacArthur DG. Nature. 2020 May;581(7809):452-458. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2329-2. Epub 2020 May 27. PMID:32461655.
A Structural Variation Reference for Medical and Population Genetics Collins RL, Brand H, Karczewski KJ, Zhao X, Alfldi J, Francioli LC, Khera AV, Lowther C, Gauthier LD, Wang H, Watts NA, Solomonson M, O'Donnell-Luria A, Baumann A, Munshi R, Walker M, Whelan CW, Huang Y, Brookings T, Sharpe T, Stone MR, Valkanas E, Fu J, Tiao G, Laricchia KM, Ruano-Rubio V, Stevens C, Gupta N, Cusick C, Margolin L; Genome Aggregation Database Production Team; Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Taylor KD, Lin HJ, Rich SS, Post WS, Chen YI, Rotter JI, Nusbaum C, Philippakis A, Lander E, Gabriel S, Neale BM, Kathiresan S, Daly MJ, Banks E, MacArthur DG, Talkowski ME. Nature. 2020 May;581(7809):444-451. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2287-8. Epub 2020 May 27. PMID:32461652.
Evaluatingdrugtargetsthroughhumanloss-of-functiongeneticvariation. Minikel EV, Karczewski KJ, Martin HC, Cummings BB, Whiffin N, Rhodes D, Alfldi J, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Daly MJ; Genome Aggregation Database Production Team; Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Schreiber SL, MacArthur DG. Nature. 2020 May;581(7809):459-464. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2267-z. Epub 2020 May 27. PMID:32461653.
The effect of LRRK2 loss-of-function variants in humans. Whiffin N, Armean IM, Kleinman A, Marshall JL, Minikel EV, Goodrich JK, Quaife NM, Cole JB, Wang Q, Karczewski KJ, Cummings BB, Francioli L, Laricchia K, Guan A, Alipanahi B, Morrison P, Baptista MAS, Merchant KM; Genome Aggregation Database Production Team; Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Ware JS, Havulinna AS, Iliadou B, Lee JJ, Nadkarni GN, Whiteman C; 23andMe Research Team, Daly M, Esko T, Hultman C, Loos RJF, Milani L, Palotie A, Pato C, Pato M, Saleheen D, Sullivan PF, Alfldi J, Cannon P,MacArthur DG. Nat Med. 2020 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0893-5. Online ahead of print. PMID:32461697.
Characterising the loss-of-function impact of 5' untranslated region variants in 15,708 individuals. Whiffin N, Karczewski KJ, Zhang X, Chothani S, Smith MJ, Evans DG, Roberts AM, Quaife NM, Schafer S, Rackham O, Alfldi J, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Francioli LC; Genome Aggregation Database Production Team; Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Cook SA, Barton PJR,MacArthur DG, Ware JS. Nat Commun. 2020 May 27;11(1):2523. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10717-9.PMID:32461616.
Landscape of multi-nucleotide variants in 125,748 human exomes and 15,708 genomes. Wang Q, Pierce-Hoffman E, Cummings BB, Alfldi J, Francioli LC, Gauthier LD, Hill AJ, O'Donnell-Luria AH; Genome Aggregation Database Production Team; Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, Karczewski KJ,MacArthur DG. Nat Commun. 2020 May 27;11(1):2539. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12438-5. PMID:32461613.
Funding:NIHs National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); Swiss National Science Foundation; BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.; Sanofi Genzyme Inc.; Broad Institute; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council (UK); University of Sheffield; Barts Charity; Health Data Research UK; NHS National Institute for Health Research; Rosetrees/Stoneygate Imperial College; Simons Foundation; National Science Foundation; Desmond and Ann Heathwood; Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center; Michael J. Fox Foundation; Estonian Research Council; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation; Imperial College London; Fondation Leducq; Department of Health, UK; Swiss National Science Foundation; Imperial College Academic Health Science Centre; Nakajima Foundation Scholarship.
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Center for Human Genetics | College of Science, Clemson …
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Clemson Universitys Center for Human Genetics opened July 1, 2018, and is dedicated to advancing knowledge of the fundamental principles by which genetic and environmental factors determine and predict both healthy traits and susceptibility to disease.The Center for Human Genetics, which is part of theCollege of Science, is housed inSelf Regional Hall, a 17,000-square-foot building that opened in February 2017. The sparkling facility is nestled within the sprawling campus of theGreenwood (S.C.) Genetic Center, which has a long history of clinical and research excellence in the field of medical genetics and caring for families impacted by genetic disease and birth defects.
MEDIA RELEASE
Clemson University has further enhanced its standing as a pioneer in the field of human genomics by hiring a renowned scientist to lead the way.Groundbreaking geneticist Trudy Mackay has been named director of Clemsons Center for Human Genetics and has been tasked with building a team of researchers whose goal will be to significantly advance our understanding of genetic disorders.
Read more about the Center for Human Genetics
Oct. 25, 2018:Mackay to be honored at Trinity College Dublin
Oct. 8, 2018:CHG receives $1.87 million from NIH to advance research
Aug. 8, 2018:CHG opens its doors to the world
Feb. 15, 2017:CHG unveils new facility on Greenwood Genetic Center campus
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French study: 20% severe Covid patients have genetic or immune issue – The Connexion
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Almost a quarter of people who suffer severe forms of Covid-19 have a genetic or immune anomaly, a major Paris hospital group has said, citing two new French studies.
In a statement, the Assistance publique Hpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) highlighted two new studies on the subject. Both were published in scientific journal Science Immunology.
They are the result of international collaboration, including researchers from national medical institute lInstitut national de la sant et de la recherche mdicale (Inserm), the University of Paris, and the human genetics lab of infectious diseases at the AP-HP.
In the first study, researchers focused on men, as they are more likely to suffer from severe forms of Covid. Researchers sequenced the X chromosome of 1,202 male patients who had had a severe form of the virus.
Of these, 16 patients were found to have a genetic variation on the TLR7 gene, dubbed a loss of function, which led to the development of severe forms of the virus.
This is because this gene plays a major role in the production and mechanism of IFN 1, which is a protein that is produced in response to a viral threat, and which inhibits the replication of the virus in infected cells, the AP-HP said.
It summarised: The 16 patients who presented a deficit in IFN 1 stopped their cells from being able to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, which explains the severe forms.
The study recruited patients from all over the world, involving 400 research centres in 38 different countries the hospital group said, which enabled researchers to gather a representative sample of people and avoid excess ethnicity bias.
This means that the results can be used to make predictions and conclusions about the general population.
Overall, the study concluded: It appears that 1.3% of several forms of Covid-19 can be explained by a genetic abnormality of the TLR7 gene in men. This deficit is more frequent (1.8%) in patients under 60.
The second study showed that 15-20% of severe forms of Covid are due to the patients blood having antibodies that specifically target the IFN 1.
The study looked at 3,595 patients who had had a severe form of Covid, 1,639 who had an asymptomatic form, and 34,159 people in good health. The participants were from 38 different countries.
In its statement, AP-HP said: They showed that these antibodies block the protecting effects of IFN 1 on the virus replication. The SARS-CoV-2 virus penetrates into the cells without meeting any resistance and replicates uncontrollably.
The study also showed that these antibodies against IFN 1 increase with age. They are very rare before the age of 65 (0.2-0.5%), and increase exponentially as you age, reaching 4% between the ages of 70-79, and 7% between the ages of 80-85.
Researchers do not yet know why this is, but the study does partly help to explain why age is a risk factor in the development of severe forms of Covid.
France is still recording relatively high numbers of cases of the virus, and of hospital admissions.
The most recent figures to August 21 from Sant publique France show that there were 22,636 confirmed cases in the previous 24 hours, and 81 deaths. There were 6,008 new hospitalisations in the past seven days, and 1,316 critical care admissions in the same time, including 969 into intensive care units.
Record 6million Covid tests taken in France after health pass extended200 anti-health pass protests to take place in France this SaturdayFrance hits 40 million goal for full vaccinations against Covid-19
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Human Protein Used To Deliver Molecular Therapies – Technology Networks
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A collaborative team of researchers have developed a novel system known as SEND that harnesses human proteins to deliver molecular therapies.
Proteins are often referred to as the "workhorses" of the cell. There are many different types of proteins expressed in the human body, such as enzymes, receptors and signaling molecules. Proteins are encoded by DNA. The central dogma of molecular biology specifies that DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated to proteins. This is a highly simplified summary but enables you to understand where proteins come from. If there is a mutation or an error that occurs during this process, it can result in a faulty or absent protein, which can lead to human disease. By developing therapeutics that target the molecular processes that result in protein production, we can work to treat the cause of a disease, rather than just the symptoms. To learn more about transcription and translation, visit our summary piece.
Examples of such therapeutics include gene therapies and RNA-based therapies. The COVID-19 global pandemic has cast a spotlight on RNA, as the first vaccines to receive authorization for human use were mRNA-based. However, using RNA in a therapeutic context is not a novel idea. The authorization of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines is a culmination of many decades of research effort from groups across the world. Ultimately, there have been many barriers to overcome in the process of developing RNA therapeutics, and many challenges remain.
Studies that knock out the PEG10 gene have demonstrated that the subsequent protein plays a role in embryonic development, binding to cellular RNAs including Hbegf (Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor), a type of RNA that is important in placentation (the forming of the placenta inside the uterus).Previous research had shown that another retrotransposon-derived protein known as ARC could form structures that resemble viruses and were able to transfer RNA between cells. Would it therefore be possible to engineer retrotransposon proteins to become a "courier" for genetic material? It was considered but had not yet been proven.
"Working with Eugene Koonin and his team at NCBI, we identified a number of retroelement- derived proteins in the human genome that were predicted to form capsids, including PEG10. We screened these proteins to find one that not only formed capsids, but also exhibited specificity for what mRNA was packaged inside the capsids. PEG10 fit the bill," Blake Lash, graduate student in the Zhang lab, and co-first author of the study, told Technology Networks. "It mostly had its own mRNA inside the capsids, which told us that there was a specific mechanism guiding the packaging process, and we hoped we would be able to take advantage of that to reprogram PEG10 packaging."
The engineering involved a number of steps. First, the researchers had to search for molecular sequences within the PEG10 mRNA that it is able to identify and package. These signals were utilized to modify PEG10 so that it would selectively package specific types of RNA. Fusogens were then attached to the surface of the PEG10 capsules. These are proteins that are found naturally on the surface of cells, and act like a "binding glue". The fusogens help SEND to target a particular cell, tissue or organ. Zhang said that mixing and matching different components within the system will open the door for developing therapeutics for different diseases.
"To test if our cargo was being delivered, we used assays to see if the cargo was functional in the recipient cell. For example, we delivered the mRNA encoding a fluorescent protein, and we could read out the delivery of that cargo by looking to see if the receiving cells started to fluoresce (this can be done visually with a microscope)," Segel said. "We also delivered the mRNA encoding the CRISPR gene editing protein Cas9 and the guide RNA that directs Cas9 to its targets. In that case, we tested to see if SEND worked by looking for gene editing at the target site in the genome of the receiving cells." These testing processes occurred in both mouse and human cells, where SEND was successful across both types of cells.
Both a limitation and a feature of the delivery system is that it does not deliver DNA, it delivers RNA. RNA is rapidly degraded, while DNA persists for longer. This is a typical feature of RNA delivery vectors and it is a property that has been harnessed to create therapeutics that can make reversible changes to human physiology. Ultimately, the therapy can be readministered as needed to ensure the intended therapeutic effect is maintained.
Zhang concluded, "The realization that we can use PEG10, and most likely other proteins, to engineer a delivery pathway in the human body to package and deliver new RNA and other potential therapies is a really powerful concept."
Feng Zhang, Michael Segel and Blake Lash were speaking to Molly Campbell, Science Writer for Technology Networks.References:1.Segel M, Lash B, et al. Mammalian retrovirus-like protein PEG10 packages its own mRNA and can be pseudotyped for intercellular mRNA delivery. Science. 2021. doi: 10.1126/science.abg6155.
2.Kaczmarek JC, Kowalski PS, Anderson DG. Advances in the delivery of RNA therapeutics: from concept to clinical reality. Genome Medicine. 2017;9(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s13073-017-0450-0.
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Study suggests being overweight might cause depression and lower well-being – Hindustan Times
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Being overweight causes depression and lowers wellbeing, a largescale new study has proved. It further indicated that both social and physical factors might play a role in the effect.
The findings of the study were published in the journal 'Human Molecular Genetics'.
With one in four adults estimated to be obese in the UK and growing numbers of children affected, obesity is a global health challenge. While the dangers of being obese on physical health are well known, researchers are now discovering that being overweight can also have a significant impact on mental health.
The study sought to investigate why a body of evidence now indicates that higher BMI causes depression. The team used genetic analysis, known as Mendelian Randomisation, to examine whether the causal link is the result of psychosocial pathways, such as societal influences and social stigma, or physical pathways, such as metabolic conditions linked to higher BMI. Such conditions include high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
In research led by the University of Exeter and funded by the Academy of Medical Sciences, the team examined genetic data from more than 145,000 participants from the UK Biobank with detailed mental health data available.
In a multifaceted study, the researchers analysed genetic variants linked to higher BMI, as well as outcomes from a clinically relevant mental health questionnaire designed to assess levels of depression, anxiety and wellbeing.
To examine which pathways may be active in causing depression in people with higher BMI, the team also interrogated two sets of previously discovered genetic variants.
One set of genes makes people fatter, yet metabolically healthier, meaning they were less likely to develop conditions linked to higher BMI, such as high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. The second set of genes analysed make people fatter and metabolically unhealthy, or more prone to such conditions.
The team found little difference between the two sets of genetic variants, indicating that both physical and social factors play a role in higher rates of depression and poorer wellbeing.
Lead author Jess O'Loughlin, at the University of Exeter Medical School, said, "Obesity and depression are both major global health challenges, and our study provides the most robust evidence to date that higher BMI causes depression. Understanding whether physical or social factors are responsible for this relationship can help inform effective strategies to improve mental health and wellbeing."
O'Loughlin added, "Our research suggests that being fatter leads to a higher risk of depression, regardless of the role of metabolic health. This suggests that both physical health and social factors, such as social stigma, both play a role in the relationship between obesity and depression."
Lead author Dr Francesco Casanova, of the University of Exeter Medical School, said, "This is a robust study, made possible by the quality of UK Biobank data. Our research adds to a body of evidence that being overweight causes depression. Finding ways to support people to lose weight could benefit their mental health as well as their physical health."
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