Monthly Archives: July 2021

Googles new Drive app replaces Backup and Sync with Drive File Stream – Ars Technica

Posted: July 18, 2021 at 5:35 pm

The new Drive app was a hefty 238MiB download and a pain-free but surprisingly long (several minutes) installation.

Jim Salter

After installation finishes, the new Drive user is offered a mercifully brief feature tour.

Jim Salter

You can run the locally mounted Google Drive folders one of two waysstreaming or mirrored. Streaming folders don't download files from the cloud unless and until you actually open them.

Jim Salter

There are extra settings buried behind a gear icon in the Google Drive Preferences dialog itself. Note the drive letter selection, Office presence detection, and Photos quality settings.

Jim Salter

Beneath the Office, drive letter, and Photos settings, we can scroll down to set the local cached files directory, proxy settings, and bandwidth limiters.

Jim Salter

Google has released a new Google Drive desktop app that replaces old versions for both home and business. The new Drive app builds in features from Google Photos, Backup and Sync (the old, primarily consumer app), and Drive File Stream (the old, business-targeted version).

Frankly, there doesn't appear to be much new in the upgraded appthe update looks like more of a clean-up and unification effort than anything else. Major features include:

According to Google's introduction, users of the older Backup and Sync app will start getting in-app prompts to transition to Drive for desktop, which it recommends users complete by September of this year.

Backup and Sync users will support a guided workflow for transitioning from the old app to the new on July 19, and Google Workspace domains (both Rapid and Scheduled release tracks) will see in-app notifications prompting transition beginning on August 18. The deprecated Backup and Sync app will cease functioning entirely on October 1.

The answer is simple, but we want to draw a heavy underscore because it's not typical these daysall Google service users can use the new Drive app. This includes free personal accounts and paid enterprise Google Workspace accounts.

In other words, if you're a Google Drive user, it's time download the new appthere's no point in putting it off. If you're a Google Workspace administrator, you have two months to test and deploy the new app before Backup and Sync curls up and dies on October 1.

Listing image by Jim Salter

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COVID Reopening: Google Workers Go Back To The Office – CBS San Francisco

Posted: at 5:35 pm

MOUNTAIN VIEW (KPIX) Hundreds of Bay Area Google employees headed back to work on Monday, two months ahead of the companys full reopening.

Google is the latest of the tech giants in the Bay Area to slowly start phasing employees back into the office on Monday, offering a glimpse of post-Covid work life balance.

Mike Mozer, a research scientist at the company, described the return to the office after 16 months away as spookily normal.

Its sort of this bizarro, like you fall right back into the routine. Theres nothing really that unusual about it, said Mozer.

Google will not require masks indoors if employees are vaccinated and provide verification. Workers who are not vaccinated must wear a mask indoors, and submit to weekly Covid tests. The buildings will not have capacity limits or social distancing rules.

In a blog post in May, CEO Sundar Pichai said the company will begin moving toward a hybrid schedule, with 60% of employees working three days a week by September. Another 20% will be working in new office locations, and the remaining 20% will work from home.

Pichai also announced a new work from anywhere option, available for up to four weeks out of the year. The new offering is meant to provide employees with more flexibility during summer break and holidays.

Engineer Qian Chang is looking forward to workplace perks, like free food.

I dont need to cook on my own, everyday now, said Chang.

The news of Google employees beginning to return to Mountain View was met with smiles at the Sports Page Bar and Grill. The business survived the pandemic largely due to its expansive outdoor patio that was able to accommodate guests through much of the lockdown, according to co-owner Jacqueline Graham. Sports Page retained all its employees, and will begin hiring when Google employees begin returning to the office en masse.

Of course its a good sign for all the local businesses here in Mountain View, said Graham. I think life is getting back to normal. I think people want to be out and about, again.

Mozer, the research scientist, will be coming in five days per week.

Even though I dont have to. Its good energy to be here, lots of people to talk to, said Mozer.

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COVID Reopening: Google Workers Go Back To The Office - CBS San Francisco

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As Google, Microsoft and others pursue 24×7 clean energy, RMI report shows how they can do it better – Utility Dive

Posted: at 5:35 pm

Dive Brief:

As corporations procure more renewables and energy storage directly and increasingly seek to match all of their energy demand with carbon-free power, RMI's paper highlights the need for a holistic approach in order to best utilize the resources being added.

"Hourly load-matching strategies can help lay the groundwork for a decarbonized grid in the long term but should be carefully tailored to region-specific grid dynamics to also maximize emissions reductions in the near term," the report concluded.

To ultimately decarbonize the grid, the report notes annual corporate renewable procurement targets will not be enough but hourly matching comes with higher costs.

"As the level of hourly matching is increased, costs for hourly load matching rise in three distinct stages, well above costs for meeting annual procurement targets," RMI found.The cost to match anywhere from 30% to 80% of a facility's hourly demand with wind and solar are "relatively stable but increase significantly at higher levels of hourly load matching due to the need to use storage."

Buyers targeting "higher levels" of hourly matching greater than 85% "will face high costs in most markets if they rely only on only wind, solar, and lithium-ion batteries," RMI said. However, 100% matching also means buyers "create a demand signal for emerging technologies that can also meet valuable system-wide needs in decarbonized grids."

Microsoft and Google are among a few large companies that have piloted hourly load-matching strategies.Google set a goal of achieving round-the-clock carbon-free power supplyin 2018 and in September unveiled a plan to get there by 2030. In 2019,Microsoft announced a plan to power facilities from renewables 24/7,working with ENGIE to reach its goal.

RMI's report, produced with support from Microsoft, examined the costs, emissions impacts and renewables integration implications of hourly matching strategies in seven electricity markets, including four in the United States:PJM Interconnection, California Independent System Operator, Southwest Power Pool and Duke Energy's territory in the Southeast.

"Hourly procurement works best and can be most beneficial for the grid overall if it is done within the context of an organized electricity market," Dyson said. Corporate procurements and 24x7 matching could grow, "to the extent that wholesale markets with direct access are expanded and reformed." Maintaining the traditionally regulated, vertically-integrated monopoly utility structure in some regions could slow the growth of 24x7 corporate procurements,he said.

RMI's research recommends expanding wholesale market access to scale up hourly-procurement benefits, and ensuring procurements work for the entire grid.

"With more advanced procurement strategies, corporate procurement can play a key role in decarbonization of the grid as a whole," RMI said. "Coordinated action" around hourly-matching strategies "presents a rare opportunity to speed progress to a clean grid."

There is a tremendous amount that leading energy buyers can do to drive both near-term and long-term grid decarbonization, especially if they tailor their actions to needs of the grid as a whole, RMI Principal and co-author of the report Charles Teplin said in a statement.

CORRECTION: A previous version of this article misstated Google's clean energy goals. The company wants to source round-the-clock carbon-free energy by 2030.

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As Google, Microsoft and others pursue 24x7 clean energy, RMI report shows how they can do it better - Utility Dive

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Amazon asked Apple to remove an app that spots fake reviews, and Apple agreed – CNBC

Posted: at 5:35 pm

The Amazon shopping app in the Google Play Store on an Android smartphone.

Christoph Dernbach | picture alliance | Getty Images

Apple has removed Fakespot, a well-known app for detecting fake product reviews, from its App Store after Amazon complained the app provided misleading information and potential security risks.

Fakespot's app works by analyzing the credibility of an Amazon listing's reviews and gives it a grade of A through F. It then provides shoppers with recommendations for products with high customer satisfaction.

Amazon said it reported Fakespot to Apple for investigation after it grew concerned that a redesigned version of the app confused consumers by displaying Amazon's website in the app with Fakespot code and content overlaid on top of it. Amazon said it doesn't allow applications to do this. An Amazon spokesperson claimed, "The app in question provides customers with misleading information about our sellers and their products, harms our sellers' businesses, and creates potential security risks."

By Friday afternoon, following a review from Apple, the app was no longer available on the App Store.

Misleading or fake user reviews have proven to be a major problem for online retailers, including Amazon. The company has recently ramped up its efforts to detect and cull fake reviews. Its third-party marketplace, made up of millions of sellers, has grown to account for more than half of the company's overall sales, but it has become fertile ground for fake reviews, counterfeits and unsafe products. Regulators in the U.S. and abroad have taken steps to curb fake reviews on and off Amazon.

As fake reviews continue to proliferate the internet, third-party apps and websites have sprung up to help shoppers spot them, such as Fakespot, ReviewMeta and ReconBob.

Amazon reported well-known fake review detector app Fakespot to Apple for investigation, triggering its removal from the App Store.

Amazon

Apple said in a statement that Amazon on June 8 initiated a dispute with the Fakespot app over intellectual property rights. Apple said it provided Fakespot with steps to keep their app on the store and gave them "ample time" to resolve the issue. It then reached out to Fakespot on June 29, weeks before their app was removed from the App Store.

An Apple spokesperson didn't immediately respond to questions on which App Store guidelines were violated by Fakespot.

But Amazon pointed CNBC to two subsections of Apple's App Store guidelines that Fakespot may have violated. One guideline states that apps must make sure they're permitted to use, access, monetize access to or display content from a third-party service. Another guideline states that apps should not include false information and features.

Amazon also claims Fakespot's coding technique makes it possible for the app to collect and track information from customers. The company last January made similar claims against PayPal-owned Honey, a browser extension that lets users find coupons while shopping online, warning users it could be a "security risk."

In an interview, Fakespot founder and CEO SaoudKhalifah said he disputed Amazon's claim that the app presents security risks and said that while Fakespot does collect some user data, it doesn't sell it to third parties.

Khalifah added that many apps use the same coding technique, called "wrapping," to include a web browser view, such as coupon providers. He said many apps and websites also collect and track user information, including Amazon.

"We don't steal users' information, we've never done that," Khalifah said. "They've shown zero proof and Apple acted on this with zero proof."

Fakespot released a new version of its app at the end of May. Amazon reported the app to Apple in mid-June, Khalifah said.

Khalifah said he was upset that Apple didn't give Fakespot adequate warning that the app would be taken down from the App Store, or the ability to rectify issues with the app.

"Imagine going to a tenant and saying you have to take all your stuff, you have to leave right now. That's how I feel right now, to be quite honest with you," he added.

Fakespot's app is still available on the Google Play Store for Android devices as of Friday evening.

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Amazon asked Apple to remove an app that spots fake reviews, and Apple agreed - CNBC

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Letter to the Editor: Joe Bialek – Atlanta Jewish Times

Posted: at 5:35 pm

COVID-19

It has been common knowledge for years that all major developing countries have possessed the ability to conduct germ warfare. The Wuhan crisis is no exception. Was a virus created in the lab and deliberately leaked into the local wet markets for experimentation on the people of Wuhan? This is totally consistent with Chinas poor record on civil rights and its complete lack of concern for all of the Chinese people. The virus created in Wuhan is by no means a poor reflection on all Asians, especially Asian-Americans. It is simply a reaffirmation of the Communist Chinese governments inhuman disdain for human life. They are the ones to blame.

Now we, the American people, are required by our government to get the vaccine without being told what the short/long-term side effects are. This is inherently a violation of our civil rights.

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The one benefactor from the spread of the virus is the environment. Consider how working from home reduces the amount of carbon emissions caused by the automobile.

Joe Bialek, Cleveland, Ohio

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Letter to the Editor: Joe Bialek - Atlanta Jewish Times

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Surge Transportation forges digital pathway with TMS integrations – FreightWaves

Posted: at 5:34 pm

Digital brokerages have played an important role in the technological revolution of the transportation industry. Their disruptive innovation has challenged legacy players to take a step back and analyze the value of their current service offerings and motivate them to invest in bringing true capacity optimization and efficiency to customers, both carriers and shippers.

This revolution can be intimidating to the thousands of brokers looking to bootstrap their way into the digital era. From startups like Loadsmart, raising over $146 million, to legacy players like C.H. Robinson, setting aside $1 billion to create its in-house incubator, the path to digital success only seems possible if driven by venture capital and private equity, often with no profit to showcase.

However, bootstrapping brokerages, like Florida-based Surge Transportation, are finding that creating your own digital path is possible.

On Thursday, the company announced that it has fully integrated itself into a digital brokerage, now one of only a handful to be completely integrated with legacy transportation management systems (TMS) Blue Yonder, MercuryGate, Oracle (NYSE:ORCL), BluJay and Kuebix.

Surge organically began to lean into the digital mentality as it became a necessity to work with its enterprise customers. As each customer had its own needs for integrating into its legacy systems, founder and President of Surge Omar Singh realized it could make this transition easier by focusing on building strong connections with TMS, which many customers were already familiar with.

I realized that the better play is to do TMS partnerships. So it is one integration that comes with 100 to 200 customers instead of just one, he explained.

Many brokerages assume becoming the primary carrier for their customer is the way to scale sales, while Surge uses these integrations to provide the necessary freight overflow coverage that goes unattended in order to compete with the startup digital brokers in its space.

We dont compete as a primary [carrier] anymore because thats what digital brokers are doing and theyre losing money, Singh explained. So we compete to be an overflow backup and still do very well on less volume.

While the risk of investing so much into digital transformation may seem daunting, Surge has seen a payoff. Since going digital, it has seen 180% growth in revenue while still maintaining profitability.

Singh explained how proud he was of his team who was showing up to the digital arena to compete and successfully scaling their digital growth.

Its amazing were growing as much as we are, he said. We have to compete in a marketplace where my competitors dont even have to be profitable. Theres no outside money for us; we dont have a choice.

Big Tech executives find new frontier in FreightTech

Viewpoint: The increasing FreightTech table stakes

Viewpoint: How Silicon Valley is transforming the freight industry

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Axele TMS Tops 5K Users and 40K Loads, Closes out First Half of 2021 with 10X – GlobeNewswire

Posted: at 5:34 pm

DALLAS, July 13, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Axele, LLC, a Transportation Management System (TMS) company, announces that it closed out the first half of 2021 with over 5,200 users registered and 40,000 loads processed, plus an impressive increase in monthly recurring revenue of over 10X since January. In its first 90 days of commercialization last fall, Axele had added 1,000 users and 10,000 loads, and now, just eight months in, is reflecting accelerated adoption by truckload carriers looking to automate transportation processes to improve workflow, streamline operations, and generate more profitable loads.

The Axele TMS brings structure to chaotic manual operations that trouble small to mid-size carrier operations, said Ravi Ahuja, Founder of Axele. For free or a small fee, users find that the advanced features, such as asset tracking, smart trip planning, operational dashboards, and more, often found in enterprise transportation management systems, bring quick order to the chaos. Built with Optyms optimization technology, the Axele TMS sorts through thousands of options for load and trip planning within seconds to present carriers with the best, most profitable options.

Axele enhances the TMS with additional connections to loads boards, ELDs, maps, factoring solutions, and accounting systems. Some of the latest enhancements include:

The Axele TMS is fast becoming the industry standard for truckload carriers. Its one-stop-shop and ease-of-use have hastened the adoption of the TMS, adds Ahuja.

Says Amanda Schuier, Transportation Manager at Quality Transport, "I did much research, and I had many people asking me why I went with Axele. I wasnt finding what I wanted and needed from other providers. Smaller fleets sometimes feel like they dont matter. Theres no reason we shouldnt get the same technology that bigger fleets get, at a rate we can afford.

About AxeleAxele offers transportation management system (TMS) cloud software for truckload carriers leveraging decades of experience and insights into optimization and automation technology. Launched by Optym in 2020, Axele is the industry's first intelligent, connected solution, built specifically for small to mid-sized truckload carriers. Axele serves for-hire truckload operators and private fleets who haul general freight, dry van, flatbed, and refrigerated loads. The Axele TMS integrates with load boards, ELDs, market rates, maps, and accounting systems, to enable an owner-operator or carrier to find better loads, increase profits, and grow their business. For more information about Axele, go to http://www.axele.com.

Media Contact for Axele:Becky BoydMediaFirst PR(770) 642-2080 x 214Cell (404) 421-8497Becky@MediaFirst.Net

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Axele TMS Tops 5K Users and 40K Loads, Closes out First Half of 2021 with 10X - GlobeNewswire

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Potential Growth, Size, Share, Demand And Analysis Of Key Players Research Forecasts To 2027 The…

Posted: at 5:34 pm

A new informative report titled as Global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Report 2021 by Key Players, Types, Applications, Countries, Market Size, Forecast to 2027 (Based on 2020 COVID-19 Worldwide Spread) provides estimations of the size of the global market and share and size of key regional markets during the historical period of 2015 to 2020. The study provides projections of the opportunities and shares, both vis--vis value and volume (n units), of various segments in the Keyword market during the forecast period of 2021 to 2027. The business intelligence study offers readers a granular assessment of key growth dynamics, promising avenues, top key companies (MagVenture, Brainsway, Magstim, Remed, Nexstim, Yiruide, Dr. Langer Medical, Neuronetics, eNeura, Neurosoft, MAG) and the competitive landscape of the Keyword market.

Impact of COVID-19 on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Industry: The industry leaders across varied industrial verticals are spending time and money to study the COVID-19 impact on their businesses and find out ways to fulfil the shifting consumer needs during and post the pandemic scenario. The report offers complete version of the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market will include the impact of the COVID-19 and anticipated change on the future outlook of the industry, by taking into the account the political, economic, social and technological parameters. It also sheds light on challenges faced by consumers as well as the vendors in global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market.

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Market Segmented are as Follows:

In Chapter 12 and 13.4, on the basis of applications, the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market from 2016 to 2027 covers:-

In Chapter 11 and 13.3, on the basis of types, the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market from 2016 to 2027 is primarily split into:-

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2021-2027) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13:

Table of Content:

Chapter 1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Key Market Segments1.3 Regulatory Scenario by Region/Country1.4 Market Investment Scenario Strategic1.5 Market Analysis by Type1.6 Market by Application1.7 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak

Chapter 2 Global Market Growth Trends

Chapter3 Value Chain of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market3.1 Value Chain Status3.2 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis3.3 Sales and Marketing Model Analysis3.4 Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region)3.5 Value Chain Status Under COVID-19

Chapter 4 Players Profiles

Chapter 5 Global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Analysis by Regions

Chapter 6 North America Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 7 Europe Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 8 Asia-Pacific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 9 Middle East and Africa Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 10 South America Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter 11 Global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Segment by Types

Chapter 12 Global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Segment by Applications

Chapter 13 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) Market Forecast by Regions (2021-2027)

Chapter 14 Appendix14.1 Methodology14.2 Research Data Source

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What are the key growth parameters for the global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market during the forecast period? Which key players are expected to hold the largest market share over the forecast period? Who are the leading vendors and manufacturers in global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market? Which consumer trends proved effective during the global COVID-19 pandemic? What are the key strategies adopted by leading players in global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market for business development and geographical expansion? Which end-use industries can trigger high demand in the market over the forecast period? What are the key segments in the global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market? Which regional Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) markets are anticipated to lead the global market in terms of size? What is the impact of novel coronavirus pandemic on manufacturing and production units operating within the global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market? Which obstacles must new players overcome in order to occupy a major position in global Transcranial Magnetic Stimulators (TMS) market?

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TSD1 receives funding for high school renovations as middle school work wraps up TMS expected to open for 2021-2022 school year -…

Posted: at 5:34 pm

Trinidad School District No. 1 has received approval by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE) to receive funds through a BEST grant to make improvements at Trinidad High School beginning in the summer of 2022.

TSD1 received $3.6 million in Building Excellent Schools Today (BEST) grant funding from the States education department with a local match of $1.8 million which is intended to fund health, safety and ventilation upgrades at the high school.

The upgrades over there need to happen, said TSD1 facilities manager Jeff Roybal on why the district applied for a BEST grant for THS.

The building, built in 1972, has a number of deficiencies including its heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, notable ventilation issues with the science lab and wood shop, external security and plumbing issues to name a few, according to a grant application sent on behalf of the district to CDE for the 2021-2022 grant cycle.

Once the HVAC upgrades at the high school occur each school in the district will have air-conditioning.

Construction, with a total budget of $5.4 million, is not expected to impact student learning and could start as early as spring 2022.

Our plan is that we dont affect the learning, Roybal said. So even if it takes a couple of summers I guess, thats what were going to do.

Although we have historically struggled to keep pace with the compounding effects of deferred maintenance of our ageing facilities (alongside a majority of our fellow Colorado K-12 Public School Districts), the last three years have shown our ability to slowly change our mindset from reactive to proactive capital outlay, the district wrote in a June release.

As the district prepares for a new renovation, its renovations of Trinidad Middle School are wrapping to a close.

Were way past our due date but things are getting done, said Travis Aragon, foreman on the TMS project.

The project was originally scheduled to be completed by January 2021, but a member of the district forecasted with much optimism that the Park Street wing of the school could be open for classes by September 8, 2020, according to a July 2020 release from the district.

Now, seven months past deadline, the project is expected to be completed in time for the 2021 school year. Roybal has already started moving some furniture and other equipment over to the more completed rooms.

The project had a number of hiccups including material delays and mistakes made by subcontractors that needed to be fixed. The costs of these mistakes are expected to be covered by the general contractor.

Stuffs getting done the way it should be getting done, Aragon said. You know, youre dealing with a 1911 building here so you open a can of worms everywhere you go.

Despite the challenges, the building now has upgraded technology, HVAC improvements, increased security, a new administrative wing, newer restrooms along with finishing touches such as a paint job and new carpeting. Outside, a number of changes occurred including new mortar on the bricks to increase their stability, new curb and gutters and a new traffic pattern for buses and cars during student pick up.

This place here was a good sound building but we didnt have air-conditioning, Roybal said. So, if we wanted to start school early, it was like 90 degrees in these classrooms.

Now, each classrooms A/C can be turned off, saving money for the district when its not needed. Roybal said it was too early to tell how much could be saved, because there is not data to compare it to as of yet.

Technology upgrades include an updated PA system, improved HVAC system and ceiling mounted projectors.

At the front entrance, a new locked foyer will stop guests from entering the school and having access to the entire building without having an administrator buzz them in.

Safety was a big thing for this on how to keep people out of the building, so thats why we designed it this way, Roybal said.

He said that the teachers and staff are excited to make their home at Park Street.

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Quantum Computing Is Coming. What Can It Do? – Harvard Business Review

Posted: at 5:34 pm

Digital computing has limitations in regards to an important category of calculation called combinatorics, in which the order of data is important to the optimal solution. These complex, iterative calculations can take even the fastest computers a long time to process. Computers and software that are predicated on the assumptions of quantum mechanics have the potential to perform combinatorics and other calculations much faster, and as a result many firms are already exploring the technology, whose known and probable applications already include cybersecurity, bio-engineering, AI, finance, and complex manufacturing.

Quantum technology is approaching the mainstream. Goldman Sachs recently announced that they could introduce quantum algorithms to price financial instruments in as soon as five years. Honeywell anticipates that quantum will form a $1 trillion industry in the decades ahead. But why are firms like Goldman taking this leap especially with commercial quantum computers being possibly years away?

To understand whats going on, its useful to take a step back and examine what exactly it is that computers do.

Lets start with todays digital technology. At its core, the digital computer is an arithmetic machine. It made performing mathematical calculations cheap and its impact on society has been immense. Advances in both hardware and software have made possible the application of all sorts of computing to products and services. Todays cars, dishwashers, and boilers all have some kind of computer embedded in them and thats before we even get to smartphones and the internet. Without computers we would never have reached the moon or put satellites in orbit.

These computers use binary signals (the famous 1s and 0s of code) which are measured in bits or bytes. The more complicated the code, the more processing power required and the longer the processing takes. What this means is that for all their advances from self-driving cars to beating grandmasters at Chess and Go there remain tasks that traditional computing devices struggle with, even when the task is dispersed across millions of machines.

A particular problem they struggle with is a category of calculation called combinatorics. These calculations involve finding an arrangement of items that optimizes some goal. As the number of items grows, the number of possible arrangements grows exponentially. To find the best arrangement, todays digital computers basically have to iterate through each permutation to find an outcome and then identify which does best at achieving the goal. In many cases this can require an enormous number of calculations (think about breaking passwords, for example). The challenge of combinatorics calculations, as well see in a minute, applies in many important fields, from finance to pharmaceuticals. It is also a critical bottleneck in the evolution of AI.

And this is where quantum computers come in. Just as classical computers reduced the cost of arithmetic, quantum presents a similar cost reduction to calculating daunting combinatoric problems.

Quantum computers (and quantum software) are based on a completely different model of how the world works. In classical physics, an object exists in a well-defined state. In the world of quantum mechanics, objects only occur in a well-defined state after we observe them. Prior to our observation, two objects states and how they are related are matters of probability.From a computing perspective, this means that data is recorded and stored in a different way through non-binary qubits of information rather than binary bits, reflecting the multiplicity of states in the quantum world. This multiplicity can enable faster and lower cost calculation for combinatoric arithmetic.

If that sounds mind-bending, its because it is. Even particle physicists struggle to get their minds around quantum mechanics and the many extraordinary properties of the subatomic world it describes, and this is not the place to attempt a full explanation. But what we can say is quantum mechanics does a better job of explaining many aspects of the natural world that classical physics does, and it accommodates nearly all of the theories that classical physics has produced.

Quantum translates, in the world of commercial computing, to machines and software that can, in principle, do many of the things that classical digital computers can and in addition do one big thing classical computers cant: perform combinatorics calculations quickly. As we describe in our paper, Commercial Applications of Quantum Computing, thats going to be a big deal in some important domains. In some cases, the importance of combinatorics is already known to be central to the domain.

As more people turn their attention to the potential of quantum computing, applications beyond quantum simulation and encryption are emerging:

The opportunity for quantum computing to solve large scale combinatorics problems faster and cheaper has encouraged billions of dollars of investment in recent years. The biggest opportunity may be in finding more new applications that benefit from the solutions offered through quantum. As professor and entrepreneur Alan Aspuru-Guzik said, there is a role for imagination, intuition, and adventure. Maybe its not about how many qubits we have; maybe its about how many hackers we have.

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