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Monthly Archives: June 2021
Portland cops ID victim of fatal police shooting as ‘white’ to prevent Antifa riot – New York Post
Posted: June 28, 2021 at 9:37 pm
Antifa militants attacked police in Portland, Oregon, after news broke of a deadly police shooting forcing the department to quickly announce that it was a white male to prevent riots, according to police and reports.
At least 50 protesters, most dressed all in black and carrying anti-fascist signs, gathered at a Motel 6 late Thursday where police shot a suicidal man who charged at them with a screwdriver, The Oregonian said.
The mob began yelling, throwing items at officers, and attempting to interfere with the investigation, Portland Police Bureau said in a release, with videos showing many chanting the anti-police phrase Fk 12.
One officers baton was grabbed and she was being pulled toward the crowd and someone from the crowd pepper-sprayed an officer, the force said.
At least one police vehicles tires were punctured and a window was broken, the department said, sharing details of the damage.
In the middle of the mayhem, cops tried to dispel erroneous information being circulated on social media, with local journalist Andy Ngo saying that Antifa falsely claimed the deceased was a black or brown person in flyers.
We can confirm that the subject involved is an adult white male, the department stressed.
The officer who fired the fatal shot was black, and was placed on paid administrative leave, which is standard practice, The Oregonian said.
Police have yet to identify the dead man, who police said was shot by officers responding to a welfare check.
Sources and witnesses told The Oregonian that he was suicidal and had charged at officers with a screwdriver after they attempted to get him to accept mental health help at a hospital. Ambulance crews were on the scene because of the initial suicide fears, the paper said.
Our officer encountered a very difficult and dynamic situation that no officer wants to face, Police Chief Chuck Lovell said at the scene.
I want to assure the community that were committed to a full, thorough and complete investigation, he said.
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Portland cops ID victim of fatal police shooting as 'white' to prevent Antifa riot - New York Post
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Fiji beats the Oceania 7s team 32-12 in their second match – Fijivillage
Posted: at 9:37 pm
The Fiji Airways Men's National 7s team has beaten the Oceania 7s team 32-12 in their second match in the Oceania 7s.
Waisea Nacuqu scored twice while Rusiate Nasove, Meli Derenalagi, Napolioni Bolaca and Kitione Taliga scored a try each for Fiji.
Kavekini Tabu was shown a yellow card in the second half.
They had earlier beaten Australia 26-14 in their first match.
The national side has two more games tomorrow where they take on the All Blacks 7s team at 4.22pm and Australia at 9.30pm.
Fiji has two games on Sunday as well.
They take on the Oceania 7s team at 2.30pm and New Zealand at 8.07pm.
There are six rounds of matches in the Oceania 7s where each team will play each other twice.
The highest-ranked team after six matches will be declared the winner.
Oceania 7s 2021 Mens & Womens Fixtures
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Salado reader says history can’t be taught without talking about race – The Killeen Daily Herald
Posted: at 9:37 pm
America has a history of opposing education for Blacks. The enactment of HB 3979, which outlaws teaching Critical Race Theory (CRT) is the White establishment carrying on their traditions. WHITE washing history.
The two state representatives and the state senator for Bell county voted for HB 3979. I guess thats our communitys values.
How can you teach Reconstruction without talking about race/racism? After the Civil War freedmen started electing male Black representatives.Within a generation the election laws were adjusted to prevent that.
How do you not teach the Lynch Law? Right here in Bell County on the courthouse lawn a Black man was tortured and hanged. His body was broken and mutilated and trophy souvenirs taken.
You cant teach the Constitution and leave out the 3/5ths compromise, and the 13th and 15th Amendments.
Are you going to leave out the American genocide of the Indigenous peopleon the Trail of Tears or the Navajo Long Walk?
How about the massacre of Cheyenne women, children and old men camped under a white flag of truce on Sand Creek, Colorado?
Then the militia mutilated their bodies and took trophy souvenirs. (I see a pattern of racism.)
We cant leave out the Asians. We have racism for every race. Theres the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and Executive order 9066 (in 1942) for the internment of Japanese-Americans.
U.S. History, Government, and Social Studies cannot be correctly taught without addressing race and racism. It is woven into the fabric of America.
Cove reader says letter writer wrong to equate U.S. soldiers with Antifa
I see what Randy Broussard is doing in his letter of May 19. He is equating the brave military that fought the Nazis with the criminals and cowards of todays Antifa movement. Nothing could be further from the truth.
While they call themselves anti-Fascists, Antifa most closely resembles the Nazi Brownshirts with their common uniform, attempt to remain anonymous and wantonly destructive behaviors.
Antifa would feel perfectly comfortable with the Brownshirts as they destroyed Jewish businesses, burned books, and trashed the homes of those who opposed them.
Antifa would feel equally comfortable with the Maoists and Bolsheviks when they destroyed their own cultures. Antifa contributes nothing to the world and is destined for the trash heap of history.
In contrast, the American military in WWII would have stood firmly against Antifa and would have hated to be associated with them. The American soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines really had two main objectives get the war over and get back to normal life. They didnt want to destroy the American way of life; they wanted to preserve it and participate in it.
They knew that, while the American way of life was not perfect, it was the best thing going. It still is.
I dare say that Americas military today would reject the title Antifa and any association with it. There is no comparison between these brave men and women and those cowards. Any attempt to make that comparison is simply a lie.
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Salado reader says history can't be taught without talking about race - The Killeen Daily Herald
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What Happened To New Zealands Freedom Air? – Simple Flying
Posted: at 9:37 pm
There are, or have been, about half a dozen airlines known as Freedom Air or Freedom Airlines. Between the mid-1990s and late noughties, a low-cost carrier based in New Zealand adopted the name. Formally known as Freedom Air International but referred to as Freedom Air, the airline connected New Zealand with Australia and Fiji.
Like many full-service legacy airlines who have waded into the waters of low-cost flying, Freedom Air was Air New Zealands attempt to capture a slice of the low-cost pie. Like many full-service airlines who dived in, Air New Zealands foray ultimately failed. However, Freedom Air did fly for 13 years between 1995 and 2008. Air New Zealand gave it a red hot go.
In the mid-1990s, the low-cost flying space in Oceania didnt exist. There was a clutch of inefficient and fairly pricy legacy airlines flying around the region Air New Zealand, Qantas, Ansett Australia, and Air Pacific (now Fiji Airways).
Then in 1994, a New Zealand charter airline called Kiwi International Airlines began offering cut-price fares between New Zealand and several Queensland cities. That spurred Air New Zealand into the low-cost space. Kiwi International did not last long. The airlines last flight was in 1996.
There were no such dramas at Air New Zealand. Freedom Air was set up by the Mount Cook Group (part of Air New Zealand) and was originally known as South Pacific Air Charters. Freedom Air went on to fly out of six airports in New Zealand to Sydney (SYD), Melbourne (MEL), Newcastle (NTL), Gold Coast (OOL), Brisbane (BNE), and Cairns (CNS). The airline also operated flights to Nadi (NAN).
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Freedom Air was a pioneer in Oceanias low-cost market. Virgin Australia, then Virgin Blue, did not begin flying until 2000. Qantas Jetstar began operations in 2004. Freedom Air began flights using a Boeing 757-200 leased from Britannia Airways. But the 757 did not stay long in New Zealand.
Getting a handle on Freedom Airs planes is tricky. Different databases throw up different numbers, anything from 12 to 30 planes over the years. Leases and loans from the parent company complicate the picture. According to AeroTransport Data Bank (ATDB.aero) data, Freedom Air flew 30 planes over the years under its callsign. In addition to the single 757-200, the aircraft variously included 17 Airbus A320-200s and 12 Boeing 737-300s.
With low-cost carriers Virgin Blue and Jetstar established by the mid-noughties, Freedom Air and its Air New Zealand parent were feeling the competitive pinch. The axing of flights to NAN and NTL were the first signs of surrender.
Air New Zealand announced it was overhauling its trans-Tasman and Pacific services in a delicately titled press release in 2007. Since starting Freedom Air in 1995, trans-Tasman flying had become far more competitive, forcing prices down across the board.
We felt that in continuing the Freedom brand, we were not getting a lot of advantage or gain from that brand and that wed be better concentrating on one brand, a 2007 Reuters report quotes Air New Zealands Norm Thompson saying.
The low-cost airline shut up shop in early 2008. The planes went back to their owners, be it Air New Zealand or the various lessors. Air New Zealand took over many of the routes, although Freedom Airs demise spelled the end of international flights for Palmerston North (PMR) through to this day.
Not many people remember the New Zealand version of Freedom Air. But the airline played a significant role in introducing low-cost flying to the Oceania region and, in particular, shaking up the then cozy (and expensive) trans-Tasman flying arrangements.
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Legislation to increase awareness of cybersecurity risks unveiled by Kinzinger – Ripon Advance
Posted: at 9:37 pm
Working to help raise awareness of cybersecurity risks in order to thwart future attacks, U.S. Rep. Adam Kinzinger (R-IL) introduced a bipartisan bill last week to establish a cybersecurity literacy campaign.
Over the past few months, we have seen rampant cyberattacks across the United States that have disrupted business, increased consumer costs, and threatened our national security, Rep. Kinzinger said. As technological advancements increase and become more complex, it is critical that everyone is aware of the risks posed from cyberattacks and how to mitigate those risks for personal security.
The congressman introduced the American Cybersecurity Literacy Act, H.R. 4055, on June 22, along with a group of cosponsors that included U.S. Reps. Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) and Anna Eshoo (D-CA). The legislation would require the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to create a cybersecurity literacy campaign to increase awareness of cybersecurity risks among the American public, including best practices for preventing cyberattacks.
Two of the more high-profile, disruptive cyberattacks recently impacted critical infrastructure, including the Colonial Pipeline and a water treatment plant in Florida.
Cybersecurity attacks and data breaches are increasingly common, costing private companies and consumers billions of dollars and exposing the private information of countless Americans, Rep. Eshoo said. As attackers become more sophisticated, Americans must have the tools to identify risks and protect themselves from attacks.
A cyberattack happens every 39 seconds, the congressman noted on Facebook, and since the pandemic, cybercrime has increased dramatically.
I am proud to introduce this legislation with my colleagues and look forward to working on this effort to help thwart future cyberattacks on all Americans, Rep. Kinzinger said.
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7s team aims to inspire Fijians with their performance in Oceania 7s – Fijivillage
Posted: at 9:37 pm
Fiji Airways Mens National 7s Team training in Australia. [image: FRU]
The Fiji Airways Mens National 7s Team will be aiming to inspire Fijians and bring a smile on their faces by playing well in the Oceania 7s.
The team moved into camp before the second wave of COVID-19 hit Fiji and since then have been together in camp, preparing for the upcoming Oceania 7s and the Tokyo Olympic Games.
Senior player Kalione Nasoko says they should use the sacrifices to inspire the team and give back to the nation during these challenging times.
Nasoko who is making his comeback to the national team after some time away with injury is raring to go in the Oceania 7s.
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Nasoko will be joined by Josua Vakurinabili, Meli Derenalagi, Kavekini Tabu, Iosefo Masi, Asaeli Tuivuaka ,Joseva Talacolo, Taniela Sadrugu, Rusiate Nasove, Jerry Tuwai, Livai Ikanikoda, Napolioni Bolaca, Waisea Nacuqu, Jiuta Wainiqolo, Kaminieli Rasaku, Sireli Maqala, Aminiasi Tuimaba, Vilimoni Botitu and Alasio Naduva in the team for the Oceania 7s.
The Fiji Mens 7s team will take on Australia at 4pm this Friday in the Oceania 7s.
Fiji will then face the Oceania 7s team at 9.30pm Friday.
The national side has two more games on Saturday where they take on the All Blacks 7s team at 4.22pm and Australia at 9.30pm.
Fiji has two games on Sunday as well.
They take on the Oceania 7s team at 2.30pm and New Zealand at 8.07pm.
There are six rounds of matches in the Oceania 7s where each team will play each other twice.
The highest-ranked team after six matches will be declared the winner.
The Womens 7s team will play Australia at 5.06pm Friday and New Zealand at 10.14pm.
They will play the Oceania 7s team at 4.44pm Saturday and Australia at 10.36pm.
The Womens team will play New Zealand at 3.17pm and then play the Oceania 7s team at 8.33pm Sunday.
Oceania 7s 2021 Mens & Womens Fixtures
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7s team aims to inspire Fijians with their performance in Oceania 7s - Fijivillage
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Accountability For the Insurrection Is Essential – KRWG
Posted: at 9:37 pm
Commentary: Nearly six months later, what do we know about January 6?
Joe Bidens very comfortable election victory over Donald Trump remains untarnished by any serious accusation of fraud or error. Trumps fans struck out in dozens of lawsuits; their comical, costly attempt to have Arizonas vote re-audited by a biased and inexperienced group is embarrassing; and Trumps lawyers are getting sanctioned for their legally frivolous arguments. Sydney Powell faces serious disciplinary charges in several jurisdictions, and the New York Court of Appeals just suspended Rudy Giulianis license pending a final decision, rejecting Giulianis defense that hes no longer a danger to society because he promises to say nothing more about the election.
Many who entered the Capitol illegally have been charged with crimes. (None are from Antifa, as Trump fans initially swore.) This week, a woman pled guilty who did no violence and now thoroughly regretted encouraging those who did. Oathkeepers are pleading guilty and cooperating. While Trump supporters in public office insist Trump didnt encourage the violence, many of those who committed the violence are telling courts that Trump did urge and inspire them.
Sane Republicans (or politicians who felt they could afford to) have denounced Trumps continued obsessive campaign to undo the democratic election. Other Republicans have punished those Republicans for speaking up. Trump himself reportedly expects to be magically reinstated. (The Constitution provides no such process, and Trumpists still have never clearly identified any material fault in the process, so Trump may not actually expect any such thing, but may merely be trying to make sure the donations and attention keep flowing.)
Trumpists last-ditch argument seems to be that what happened wasnt technically an insurrection. Im unsure how much that label matters, but the Oxford Dictionary definition (a violent uprising against authority) would sure seem to apply. Blacks Law Dictionary gives,A rebellion, or rising of citizens or subjects in resistance to their government, . . .anycombined resistance to the lawful authority of the state, with intent to the denial thereof, when the same is manifested, or intended to be manifested, by acts of violence.
Congress,our governments lawful authority,was duly certifyingpresidential votes on the appointed day,January 6.Mr. Trump told people theyd lose their country if they didnt fight for it.Many marched straightfrom his speechto Congress and successfully interrupted the process. Combined?Some of the accused conspired with each other in advance,making very detailed plans.
Acts of violence? You betcha. Abundant video evidence shows violence to people and official documents; many of the accused came with special tools for violence. Only a retreat by outnumbered police saved us from more extensive violence. Still, one officer died after being attacked and another shot a woman who was trying, with many others, to gain access to Congresspersons. Officers were allegedly hit by a barricade, a flagpole, and a lacrosse stick with a Confederate flag on it. One woman wanted to shoot Pelosi in the friggin brain. Others shouted that Vice-President Pence should be hanged, and erected a gallows. Note the or intended to be. The officers who physically prevented intruders from contact with Congresspersons sure thought the mob intended violence.
Above all, we know that many elected leaders, who would be screaming for blood if Palestinian sympathizers or Black Lives Matter folks had done this, insist it was kind of like a picnic the tourists had.
No, this was no picnic.
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Republican Voters Largely Want to Move On From Jan. 6. The Rest of the Country Doesn’t – Morning Consult
Posted: at 9:37 pm
This article is part of a deep dive on the Jan. 6 riot in Washington and creeping authoritarianism in America. See all of our work here.
In the aftermath of the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol by a mob of then-President Donald Trumps supporters, a handful of Republican leaders were joined by a number of their voters in bestowing at least some culpability on Trump and the GOP in Washington.
Nearly six months later, Morning Consult polling has found that while the bulk of the overall electorate still shares that perspective, Republican voters appear to be following their leaders as they become increasingly likely to disassociate themselves, their party and Trump from the insurrection.
Since a Morning Consult/Politico poll conducted Jan. 6-7, the share of Republican voters who said Trump was at least somewhat responsible for the events that led to the Capitol attack fell 11 percentage points, to 30 percent, while the share who said the same of Republicans in Congress fell by a similar share, to 22 percent, in the June 18-20 survey. Both surveys were conducted among roughly 2,000 registered voters, with 2-point margins of error.
Republican voters are now more likely to blame President Joe Biden and congressional Democrats for the events that led to the Capitol attack than they are Trump and GOP lawmakers, many of whom supported his false claims of widespread election irregularities. That stance puts them at odds with the broader electorate, whose views on the matter have gone virtually unchanged.
Whats happening isnt partisan polarization but asymmetric polarization, with Republicans separated from Democrats and independents on everything from whether the 2020 election results were legitimate, to assessments of how Trump handled and Biden is handling COVID, to views about how the economy is doing, said Amy Fried, the chair of the University of Maines political science department and the co-author of a new book probing conservatives distrust in institutions.
Hans Noel, an associate professor of government at Georgetown University whos studied political coalitions, parties and ideology, also highlighted the passage of time and a relaxing of intraparty condemnation of the now-former president.
Since the aftermath of Jan. 6 and Trumps second impeachment trial, his popularity has improved among the GOP voters nationwide, Republican candidates for the midterms have flocked to his properties in search of his endorsement and GOP leaders expressions of disapproval about his behavior following his loss to Biden have given way to efforts by some lower-level Republican lawmakers and influencers to downplay the Capitol attack.
There were a lot of Republicans criticizing Trump and the insurrection right after it, Noel said. Messages ranged from it was antifa to its no big deal to it was Trump and not us. Now, the messages are still mixed, but the ones that criticize Trump have faded.
Despite that messaging, the Republican Party has not been able to shrug off voters views that the Capitol attackers are representative of the overall GOP.
While voters have become less likely to agree that the Jan. 6 rioters are representative of Trump rather than the whole Republican Party, they are now more likely to say that the insurrectionists represent the GOP overall. Among Republicans voters, however, the share who pushed back on both statements increased notably especially the one regarding Trump.
But most voters have no illusions about whom the Capitols attackers were fighting for: 64 percent said the people who breached the Capitol were Trump supporters, down 6 points from January. That drop was driven by Republican voters, 45 percent of whom still agreed with the sentiment.
Among GOP voters, 27 percent said the rioters were opponents of Trump, aligning with some of the conspiracy theories propagating on the right that allege the presence of outside meddlers.
Leading Republicans have been working to shift the blame to groups like antifa or the FBI in conservative media, both those groups are frequently portrayed as anti-Trump, said J. Miles Coleman, associate editor of Sabatos Crystal Ball at the University of Virginia Center for Politics. Perhaps over the past several months, this message has sunk in with Republicans at large, which seems reflected in the polling here.
The survey also found Republicans are tired of hearing about the event. Six months later, 68 percent of GOP voters agreed with the statement that there has been too much focus on the January 6th events at the U.S. Capitol, while half of the electorate disagreed.
Regardless of which side of that divide voters fall on, the country is about to hear a lot more about Jan. 6 as prosecutions start to move through the judicial system and a select committee launched last week by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) begins to carry out its own probe after Senate Republicans blocked the establishment of an independent, bipartisan commission.
Despite aligning with the statement that too much attention has been paid to Jan. 6, a 46 percent plurality of GOP voters said it was important that the federal government continue to investigate what happened six months ago, joining 9 in 10 Democrats and 67 percent of self-identified independents.
But that gap reflected across much of the survey probing voters views on an inarguably historic event six months later reflects something broader: Republican voters are less likely than others to say they were shaken by Jan. 6.
Just 1 in 5 Republican voters said the Jan. 6 attack has had a major impact on their worldview, ranking it at the bottom of a list of a dozen big moments in recent history. On the other hand, 2 in 3 Democrats said Jan. 6 had a major impact on their worldview, marking the biggest gap between the two parties on the question.
The implications of January 6th are still on their minds, Coleman said of Democratic voters. Contrast that to some right-wing media outlets, which are downplaying or trying to outright avoid mentioning it.
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A Lack of COVID-19 Genomes Could Prolong the Pandemic Quanta Magazine – Quanta Magazine
Posted: at 9:36 pm
More variants will undoubtedly emerge over time, and it is unclear how much these variants will complicate, or even set back, efforts to bring the pandemic to an end. Ongoing genomic sequencing is key in identifying the emergence of vaccine escape variants, Moi said. This makes it all the more troubling that most nations have failed to even come close to the levels of genome sequencing that may be needed.
The state of the genomic surveillance situation is grimmest in 38 countries with reported COVID-19 infections but no sequencing data shared with Gisaid. These make up some of the poorest countries in the world, such as Chad and Burundi. The African continent, as of June 27, has reported more than 5.3 million infections (3.9 million of these are confirmed), but its countries have sequenced and released only about 22,700 genomes, or at best only 0.6% of its cases. More than 40% of those genome sequences (about 9,600) come from just one country, South Africa.
The consequences of the paucity of data on Africa could be serious for people everywhere. Africa, given its human population variation, is a candidate to becoming the source of ever more pathogenic and refractory strains, said Muntasar Ibrahim, a Sudanese geneticist and professor of molecular biology at the University of Khartoum, where he leads its Institute of Endemic Diseases.
Shortfalls in sequencing cannot be blamed simply on a lack of money. (Sequencing costs about $120 per SARS-CoV-2 genome, but the costs can be significantly lowered by sequencing the genomes in large batches, according to Haussler.) Some of the poorest countries have sequenced more of their cases than some of the richest countries, so wealth cannot be the only determining factor. Gambia, for instance, at 7.8%, has sequenced more than Germany (3.6%), a country with 60 times its gross domestic product per capita.
Nor do low rates merely reflect how hard countries have been hit by the pandemic. About 10% of the U.S. population has had COVID-19, resulting in a low sequencing rate (1.7%) even though the U.S. has sequenced the most SARS-CoV-2 genomes. But the U.K., where about 7% of the population has had the disease, has sequenced more than 10% of its caseload: It has only the 13th-highest rate of sequencing in the world, but it has sequenced more virus genomes than all the countries ahead of it put together.
What really seems to have determined the genome-sequencing performance of countries during the pandemic is a combination of their strategic choices and biomedical infrastructure.
Tom Maniatis, chief executive officer of the New York Genome Center (NYGC), noted that COVID-19 surveillance in the U.S. has been compromised by a systemic lack of connections between facilities that have samples of the virus hospitals, public health laboratories and commercial testing facilities and facilities with the capacity to sequence them. Though the situation has improved, there have been persistent logistical challenges, he said.
Maniatis and Soren Germer, who leads the sequencing and analytics teams at NYGC, said that obtaining samples had been the biggest challenge in the U.S. During the early days of the pandemic when New York was particularly hard hit, even the most research-focused hospitals often did not have the resources to collect samples for research, they explained by email. We have heard stories of truly heroic efforts to save some of these samples for research and surveillance, but the severely strained hospitals had to prioritize treating patients and protecting staff. Maniatis and Germer also pointed to a lack of coordinated funding in the U.S., which has been uneven at the state and local level and has only recently begun at the federal level.
Rolf Apweiler, director of the European Bioinformatics Institute, says that the nations depositing SARS-CoV-2 sequences into the dedicated genome data platform that his organization operates also vary substantially in their ambitions. While some countries aim low or have no genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, he said, countries like Denmark, Iceland, Australia and the U.K. aim to sequence between 10% of all positive samples in times of high infection rates and all positive samples technically feasible in times of low infection rates.
The genome sequencing effort may already be bearing fruit for some of the countries engaging in it most vigorously. COG-UK is a consortium of genomic experts working to track, trace and control the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the U.K. It formed when the countrys scientists took steps early in the pandemic to ensure genomic sequencing at scale, aided by 20 million from the government. Within weeks of its formation in March 2020, the consortium had made the first sampled genomes publicly available; it has now sequenced more than 450,000 virus genomes.
OGrady credits that work with helping to contain the pandemic in the U.K. Genome sequencing identified the B.1.1.7 variant, providing us with an answer as to why case numbers were increasing dramatically towards the end of 2020 and enabling us to implement successful control measures, he said. When other variants were discovered in South Africa and elsewhere, U.K. authorities increased the testing and contract tracing efforts and curtailed the spread of the variants into the country.
Many countries are now working to scale up their sequencing programs. In February, the CDC pledged $200 million as a down payment for genome surveillance. In April, the Biden administration dedicated $1.7 billion to boosting sequencing efforts and fighting variants of SARS-CoV-2. The U.S. is now investing heavily in sequencing with the realization that the gains weve made are fragile and could be upended by viral variants, OConnor said.
In January, the Indian government set up the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium to expedite the gene sequencing effort through a growing network of institutions. The nationally coordinated genome-sequencing program has sequenced more than 15,000 genomes in about three months, said Anurag Agrawal, a senior scientist with the consortium and director of the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in New Delhi, one of the participating institutions. I expect the numbers to keep getting better, he said.
The situation is improving in Africa, too. Segun Fatumo, an assistant professor of genetic epidemiology and bioinformatics at the Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, said that African governments urgently need to provide funding for relevant research and infrastructure. But he also noted that Africa has been moderately successful in the fight against the coronavirus, and genome sequencing has greatly contributed to this.
The WHO has established a network of COVID-19 genomic sequencing laboratories across Africa in 18 countries, he said. Africa is central to human origin and disease susceptibility, so large-scale genomic study in populations of African descent might yield potential therapeutic strategies.
Apweiler feels that a pandemic can be successfully managed only if it is tackled at a global level with as much coordination and collaboration as possible. A problematic new lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in one country may become a worldwide problem very quickly, he said. Our response to the pandemic will be globally only as strong as the weakest part of the global efforts.
Moi agrees about the importance of sequencing, but also suggests that it will always be necessary to balance that effort against other local priorities to ensure the best public health impact. Particularly during large outbreaks, sequencing large numbers of virus [genomes] may not be practical and could increase the burdens on laboratories and medical facilities that are already under pressure, she said. But she is also confident that with optimal sequencing strategies in place, powerful insights can still be achieved with well-planned sampling and testing.
Had the pandemic happened even five years ago, it would have been a lot more difficult to implement genomic surveillance programs at scale, OConnor said. The technologies to democratize sequencing and make it available to small laboratories and public health authorities simply werent available.
The infrastructure and technology developed to map the virus could also be beneficial beyond COVID-19. Our next hope is that the detailed observation of viral evolution during the pandemic and the research will help with the more rapid development of targeted therapeutics in future pandemics, Maniatis said.
To him, the real question is whether the informational networks and infrastructure will enable viral surveillance to become routine, so that the discovery of the next potential pandemic virus can be a normal part of the public health system. The WHO has called the integration of genome sequencing into the regular practices of the global health community a must in preparations for future threats.
Haussler agreed that building global pathogen sequencing and genome sharing capability could help prevent future viral outbreaks. It is one of the most important investments the world can make at this point, he said. It is likely to save many lives and many trillions of dollars in the long run.
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Outsmarting cancer with RNA, ‘genome-tuning’ drugs and other gene-altering therapies – FierceBiotech
Posted: at 9:36 pm
Drugs that slow tumor growth by targeting genetic abnormalities in the cancer itself are now well established in oncology. But what if doctors could treat cancer by altering gene activity throughout the body, tricking it into fighting off the disease?
A handful of startups and academics are working towardthat goal. Its not gene therapy in the traditional sense, because theyre not removing or replacing disease-causing genes. Rather, theyre using novel drugs to turn the expression of certain genes up or down to achieve an anti-cancer effect.
Were unlocking new biological pathways so we can go after undruggable targets and treat diseases in very new ways, said Robert Habib, chief executive officer of London-based MiNA Therapeutics, in an interview. MiNA is developing a pipeline of small activating RNAs (saRNAs), which are short, double-stranded oligonucleotides designed to enter cells and boost the activity of target genes to achieve a therapeutic effect.
In September, MiNA raised about $30 million to advance its lead asset, MTL-CEBPA, into a phase 2 trial. The saRNA drug is designed to target the gene CEBPA, which encodes a transcription factor thats key to the bodys production of cancer-fighting myeloid cells. These cells can be depleted in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to drug resistance in cancer.
MTL-CEBPA enters the cell nucleus and uses RNA activation to boost levels of the CEBPA protein. MiNAs drug is in testing alongside Bayers Nexavar, initially in liver cancer, though Habib and his colleagues believe its unique mechanism of action could prove useful across a range of solid tumors.
Myeloid cells are a problem in liver cancer but also in many other solid tumors, he said.
MiNA is now planning a second clinical trialin combination with Mercks immuno-oncology blockbuster Keytruda in a broader set of solid tumors, Habib said.
RELATED: MiNA raises $30M to take small activating RNA into phase 2
A related technology called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has long been of interest for its potential to shut down cancer-promoting genes, but translating it into therapies has been challenging. It has been hindered by tissue bio-accumulationmaking sure the delivery system is safe and provides a wide enough therapeutic window in tissues beyond the liver, said Anna Perdrix Rosell, Ph.D., co-founder and managing director of London-based Sixfold Biosciences, in an interview.
Sixfold is working on a siRNA technology called Mergo, which it aims to prove can deliver siRNAs to cancer cells within specific organs while leaving healthy tissues alone. The companys preclinical testing issupported by an Innovate UK Smart Grant, and the companyis now working to define its lead cancer targets, with the goal of moving into clinical trials in 2022, Rosell said.
Gene-silencing specialistSirnaomicsis working on several RNA-interfering drugs to treat solid tumors. Its lead asset, STP705, uses a polypeptide nanoparticle to deliver two siRNAs targeting the genes TGFB1 and COX-2.
Suppressing those genes inhibits cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are cells in the tumor microenvironment that promote tumor growth, the Gaithersburg, Maryland, company has set out to show. It is in early clinical trials in solid liver tumors, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.
Another gene-directed approach involves injecting DNA into tumors with the goal of making them more responsive to immunotherapyor turning them from cold tumors to hot ones. One company working on this technology is Pennington, New Jersey-based OncoSec Immunotherapies. Its lead technology, called tavokinogene telseplasmid (TAVO), uses electrical pulses to temporarily open cancer cell membranes, after which DNA is injected into them.
The DNA makes IL-12, a naturally occurring, immune-stimulating protein that the companys scientists believe could help overcome resistance to checkpoint inhibitors like Keytruda, a PD-1 blocker. Its a common problem in cancer care: An estimated 60% to 80% of melanoma patients, for example, do not respond to PD-1 blockade. And IL-12 cant be given systemically because it causes toxic side effects.
OncoSecs DNA-delivery system is designed to prompt the body to make more of its own IL-12. The DNA essentially co-opts the cells function to cause it to make IL-12, explained Daniel OConnor, CEO off OncoSec, in an interview.
OncoSec has partnered with Merck to test TAVO in combination with Keytruda in advanced melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer. TAVO is given every six weeks as an injection into tumors, though not every tumor has to be medicated, OConnor said. We see shrinkage in the tumors that are treated, but also in those that are untreated, he said. In April, OncoSec presented interim data from the melanoma trial, reporting an overall response rate of 30%, with some complete responses and no serious side effects.
RELATED: Omega grabs $126M to bring 'genome-tuning' cancer treatment into the clinic
Investors continue to show enthusiasm for the idea of manipulating gene activity to achieve an anti-cancer response. One recent beneficiary of their largesse was Omega Therapeutics, a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based company that raised $126 million in March to advance its genome-tuning drugs, including its lead treatment for liver cancer, OTX-2002.
Omega refers to the drug as an epigenetic controller, because its designed to control the expression of the cancer-promoting gene C-MYC. The companys technology tunes gene expression up or down without permanently changing DNA, and it does so by targeting regulatory factors in loops of DNA known as Insulated Genomic Domains (IGDs), CEO Mahesh Karande explained to Fierce Biotech in March.
We treat diseases created by functional or structural changes in IGDs, Karande said at the time.
Meanwhile, in academia, researchers are continuously searching for new technologies to make the process of adjusting gene activity safer and applicable to a wider variety of tumor types.
In May, for example, researchers at MUSC Hollings Cancer Centerdescribed a peptide theyre designing that can deliver aSiRNA into cells by adhering to antennae-like protrusions on cell surfaces known as filopodia. The researchers are initially developing the technology to target oral cancers, which typically have high levels of filopodia.
The MUSC researcher leading the effort, Andrew Jakymiw, Ph.D., an associate professor of oral health sciences, said in an interview that if the filopodia-targeted SiRNA delivery system pans out, it could prove applicable to a range of cancers.
Many invasive carcinomashave high levels of filopodia, while normal cells typically have very few, Jakymiw said. So this could potentially be used as a strategy to target more aggressive forms of this type of cancer.
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