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Monthly Archives: June 2021
Genomic Cold War? More nations joining the US in using biotechnology to enhance military capabilities – Genetic Literacy Project
Posted: June 2, 2021 at 5:36 am
The UK government recently announced an 800 million, taxpayer-funded Advanced Research and Invention Agency (Aria). The brainchild of the British prime ministers former chief adviser,Dominic Cummingsand modelled on the USDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Darpa, the organisation will focus partly on genomic research.
Genome technology is becoming an increasingly important part of military research. So given that the UK boasts some of the best genomic research centres in the world, how will its new agency affect the wider genome technology warfare race?
In 2019, Darpa announced that it wishes to explore genetically editing soldiers. It has also invested over US$65 million (45 million) to improve the safety and accuracy of genome-editing technologies. These include the famousNobel prize-winning Crispr-Cas molecular scissor a tool that can edit DNA by cutting and pasting sections of it.
But the ease of accessibility and low cost of Crispr-based technologies has caused concern around potential military genetic modification andweaponisation of viruses or bacteria. These include smallpox or tuberculosis, and could be extremely destructive.
The US is not alone in its military pursuit of genome technology. Russia and China have either stated or been accused of using genomic technology to enhance military capabilities.
Universal SoldierandCaptain Americaare just a few Hollywood movies that have explored the concept of the super soldier. Despite its sci-fi nature, several countries are looking to explore the potential of such prospects. Darpa intends to explore genetically editing soldiers toturn them into antibody factories, making them resistant to chemical or biological attacks.
In December 2020, the then US director of national intelligence,John Ratcliffe, said there was evidence that the Chinese militarywas conducting human experimentationin an attempt to biologically boost soldiers. This followed a report by theJamestown policy thinktankthat highlighted reports suggesting that Crisprwould form a keystone technologyin China to boost troops combat effectiveness. No further details were given, however.
Not all countries are prepared to use gene editing or even genomic technology to enhance soldiers, however. The French military ethics committee has recentlyapprovedresearch on soldier augmentation, such implants that could improve cerebral capacity. However, the committee warned that certain red lines could not be crossed, including genome editing or eugenics. In the morecandid words of the French minister of the armed forces,Florence Parly, this amounted to A yes to Ironman, but a no to Spiderman (Ironman gets his superpowers from a suit whereas Spiderman is bitten by a radioactive spider).
In Russia, the military is looking toimplement genetic passportsfor its personnel, allowing it to assess genetic predispositions and biomarkers, for example, for stress tolerance. This could help place soldiers in suitable military lines, such as navy, air force and so forth. The genetic project also aims to understand how soldiers respond to stressful situations both physically and mentally.
There are signs that the UK will be bolder and less accountable in its genetic defence research than many other countries. For example, Aria wont besubject to freedom of information requests, in contrasts with Darpa.
The UK has also been at the forefront in enabling controversial, pioneering non-military genome technology, such asthree-parent babies. And there has been no shortage of government reports that have stressed the importance of genome technology in the domain of defence and security.
In 2015,a UK national defence reviewhighlighted the influence that advances in genetic engineering can have for security and prosperity. In the recent 2021Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy reviewthe UK government once again stressed its significance for defence and national security.
The proposed lack of accountability of Aria, combined with the governments general mission for genome technology to be expanded into security and defence applications, will create a hotpot of debate and discussion. In recent years, British scientists have received Darpa fundingfor controversial genomic research, such as genetic extinction of invasive species such as mosquitoes or rodents. Despite its promise, this could have disastrous potential to damage food security and threaten the wider ecosystems of nations.
Genome technology deployment needs to be managed in a universally, ethically and scientifically robust manner. If it isnt, the potential for a new arms race for advances in this research will only lead to more radical and potentially dangerous solutions. There are many unanswered questions about how Aria will help genome research within the military sphere. The pathway the UK chooses will have lasting consequences on how we perceive genome tech in the public space.
Yusef Paolo Rabiah is a PhD Candidate at STEaPP UCL. Yusefs PhD is focused on developing public policy frameworks for the introduction of germline genome editing technologies into the UK. Find Yusef on Twitter @PaoloYusef
A version of this article was originally posted at the Conversation and has been reposted here with permission. The Conversation can be found on Twitter @ConversationUS
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All Light Everywhere – The New Yorker
Posted: at 5:36 am
The connections among visual representation, the creation of knowledge, and political power are at the core of Theo Anthonys documentary All Light, Everywhere (which opens in theatres and virtual cinemas June 4). Its centered on a flash point of current policy debatethe use of body cams by police officers. Anthony visits the headquarters of Axon Enterprise, which manufactures the devices, as well as the Taser, and discovers the links between the cameras and the weapon; he also observes the training of police officers in the use of body cams and examines the methods by which officials interpret the recordings. He surprisingly situates the origins of cinema in arms and astronomyand traces the development of the mug shot to data analysis and racist eugenics theories. Anthonys work is experiential, his sense of discovery, personal; he attends public meetings in Baltimore regarding the deployment of satellite cameras for street surveillance in predominantly Black neighborhoods, and finds the technology's roots in trench warfare. For Anthony, unexamined history perpetuates its injusticesand his film dramatizes the artistic labor that fosters change.
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The Five Best Songs From Phoenix Musicians in May 2021 – Phoenix New Times
Posted: at 5:34 am
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Things are looking up for music fans. As cities ease COVID restrictions, more and more shows are being booked for the summer and fall. In the meantime, though, you can enjoy the one constant over the last 15-plus months: Valley artists churning out great new music. Here are our picks for the best songs of the month.
As frontman CJ Jacobson told New Times late last year, Paper Foxes spent COVID collaborating as a whole, finding ways to "move forward together." Now, in one of the first pieces of music the band's released in sometime, they share the results via a new single, "Crystal Ball." The crystal ball in question seems to be a greater analogy for hoping that you'd seen heartache coming, and knowing you never truly can. Pair that with some sweet synth sounds, like a more raucous sounding version of The National, and you won't know whether to weep openly or dance your feelings out (the answer's actually both.) If this is what a newly aligned Paper Foxes can deliver, our crystal ball says the future is looking extra bright.
Mega Ran is no stranger to collaborative projects, especially those with a loosely based theme or concept (often involving video games and/or wrestling). Maverick Hunters sees the local MC checking every box as he links up with "otaku" rapper Noveliss for an album celebrating the entire Mega Man video game series. The eight-track LP has plenty of great tracks, including "Dear Summer," which involves "stories of our changing world," or the rasslin' homage "Clash Of The Titans." But the clear standout is "Bubblegum Crisis," which manages to blend nerdy references, wordplay galore, and earnest lyricism over a hypnotic beat courtesy of producer DJ DN. Whichever way your nerd flag flies, consider this a true summer anthem.
When it comes to punk, The Posters take a direct approach. Since forming in 2019, they've perfected a style they describe as "loud and fast," drawing from skate punk and hardcore of the '80s and '90s. That basic blend has proven rather effective, and they've opened for such punk legends as Agent Orange as well as local acts The Dead Beat Hymns and Corky's Leather Jacket. With the band's latest, Ambush!, they continue to distill the essence of punk, resulting in nine rollicking and riotous tracks tailored for your next (as appropriate) slam dance session. Case in point: "This Is It," a lo-fi gem of snarling angst that is both timeless punk rock and a mighty fist raised to the future. The Posters are proof that keeping it simple doesn't mean keeping it safe or boring.
Rochester, New York native Ryan Flynn is an odd duck for sure. He describes his musical efforts as a "perpetual orb-praising space pop venture," and since relocating to Arizona in 2021, he's spent his time "exploring the deserts of space and time and continuously finding new inspiration for music and visual releases." But with songs like "Automatic Love," you'd be quick to dismiss any, um, eccentricities. Just look past the slightly creepy video that involves a dirty basement and property damage; the song itself is an off-kilter synth-pop jam that turns breathy vocals and uneven instrumentation into something genuinely endearing. If it takes being a little silly and nonsensical to happen, then Flynn's dynamic pop stylings are worth the weirdness.
Phoenix garage-punk outfit The Rebel Set would have you believe their latest album, Modern Living, is the perfect summer soundtrack. But forget connotations of a day at the lake, or even a summer get-together around the grill; it's best suited for a summer in our current reality. Case in point: "Going Out In Style," the first single of the 12-track LP. This hodgepodge of peppy surf rock, frills-free new wave, and shimmery '60s pop belies the sense of abandon or outright nihilism sitting at the song's core. But even if this song is all about blasting out of this world on your own terms, it makes a deeply catchy case for such decision-making. Really, that air of "when the going gets weird, the weird get going" feels like the best-case scenario for Planet Earth in 2021.
Keep Phoenix New Times Free... Since we started Phoenix New Times, it has been defined as the free, independent voice of Phoenix, and we would like to keep it that way. Offering our readers free access to incisive coverage of local news, food and culture. Producing stories on everything from political scandals to the hottest new bands, with gutsy reporting, stylish writing, and staffers who've won everything from the Society of Professional Journalists' Sigma Delta Chi feature-writing award to the Casey Medal for Meritorious Journalism. But with local journalism's existence under siege and advertising revenue setbacks having a larger impact, it is important now more than ever for us to rally support behind funding our local journalism. You can help by participating in our "I Support" membership program, allowing us to keep covering Phoenix with no paywalls.
Chris Coplan has been a professional writer since the 2010s, having started his professional career at Consequence of Sound. Since then, he's also been published with TIME, Complex, and other outlets. He lives in Central Phoenix with his fiancee, a dumb but lovable dog, and two bossy cats.
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For DSO, a little consideration for the ordinary Nigerian – TheCable
Posted: at 5:34 am
The monetization and other advantages of the Digital Switchover (DSO) remain the most compelling narrative of this convoluting story. The entertainment sector will open up with foaming opportunities. The league of talents available in the sector will suddenly sponge up the opportunities whether in the movies, music, comedy, live theatre shows, technical and every aspect of the entertainment sector, will suddenly become some kind of attractive pie that every entertainer with a little gift, will scramble to have a piece of. And all of us writers will have more stories to write, build up a dome of adjectives to decorate an industry that continues to search for its best days.
This is the one story the Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, loves to tell. I cede that to him with all respect. And when he tells the story, he waxes lyrical like Unoka in Things Fall Apart, seducing listeners with his flute, and perhaps those hearing the good news from the Minister will jostle for positions of advantage to reap from an opportunity unfolding piecemeal. The nation is bleeding for good stories. Every little strand is important to drop in the mix.
In spite of some spice of nihilism in a seemingly obliterating situation, I love good news and try to go overboard in search of some crumbs to sweeten our situation. This is why I am contributing this material with the prayers that it be considered dispassionately even by those who grumble that the Simply Tech Column haunts them unjustifiably.
And there is no need to feel that way. The DSO process is a very big thing, bigger than personal convenience and predilections, and Nigeria, with the exaggerated claim of being the biggest economy in Africa, is far behind in execution. This is very painful and only a few people will understand why. While we talk of the business benefits of the DSO, some people fail to actually reason that one of the most important components of the DSO is the social inclusion in the value chain which unfolds into benefits for the ordinary TV viewer.
This is why the NTA, for me, presented a rare piece of good news last week, when it reported the meeting between the lower house of the National Assembly House of Representatives and the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) to discuss ways of ensuring that the DSO process runs smoothly and also provide benefits for the ordinary Nigerian. It was a smart and needed move by the House and efforts should be channeled into such meetings to prevent the process from atrophying.
Hon. Odebunmi Segun, Chairman, House Committee on Information and National Orientation, in the report monitored by this writer, was very concerned about government expenditure in the DSO and how such expenditures were being managed to profit the ordinary Nigerian out there. Government, he informed, has subsidized 908, 000 Set Top Boxes to be given out free. How far have we gone about it and how many have been activated? he asked.
For a simple recall, DSO means Digital Switchover from analogue broadcasting to digital broadcasting. Although some countries have since concluded the process, Nigeria is only now struggling along. A cardinal feature of the process is that when concluded some television sets will be unable to access TV programming, thus making the Set Top Box, which will help convert these signals, mandatorily indispensable.
In the United States, Government gave out two coupons of $40 each to each TV home. The South African government is giving out free Set Top Boxes through the SABC. Important notice. If you see this message, the station says, go to your nearest Post Office to register for a free government subsidized decoder..to continue receiving a television broadcast.
It thus become very expedient to give considerate concern to the position of the ordinary Nigerian in the DSO value chain. This is the fellow who earns the minimum wage of N30, 000, the fellow for whom there is little respite because even that amount, now less than $65, is not being paid by the state governor who justifies this aggravating wrench with dwindling revenue from Abuja.
A Set Top Box which some nations, including South Africa, are giving out free, costs N10, 000 at the moment. A state government which acquires 10, 000 Set Top Boxes will have to shell out N1bn. This is a lot of money especially in the face of the economic tailspin facing the nation, and this Math staggered me last week into thinking that the DSO was heading for the rocks if some ingenuity was not introduced into the process. The ordinary folk cannot afford it and the government may not want to be involved, pleading a worsening economic reality.
But here is my appeal. An attractive spinoff of the DSO is the Digital Dividends which will cede the broadcast frequencies given up by broadcasters to the telecommunications industry. When former DG of the NBC, Mr Emeka Mba, tested the waters, one of such frequencies was ingeniously sold to MTN for about N34bn. There are two left, this writer was reliably informed. Even when I am the first to admit that the worsening security situation in the country will likely attenuate the value of the remaining two, there may still be the compelling need to put them up for sale. While such monies would necessarily go to the Federation Account, it is my appeal that a significant percentage be given to the NBC as seed fund to acquire Set Top Boxes for some TV homes across the country.
While one was pained by the insipid participation of the Lagos State Government in the DSO launch in Lagos recently, my prayer is that as the exercise berths in Kano, the State Government and the Local Councils should be fully mobilized to be part of the process, and explore the possibility of funding some Boxes for those who cant afford them economically. In addition, businesses, as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR), should fund some Boxes while wealthy individuals should give some kind considerations to the ordinary Nigerians by funding their little window to the world.
This is what I think. The DSO process is far from being foolproof. There are too many contradictions and checkpoints that can abort the process any time, too much of dredges that wont be healthy to wash up. But the process should be niftily managed for the sake of the people. Some of us will also need to manage our badly concealed interests, expectations and plain but irritating meddlesomeness. The ordinary Nigerian needs a little space. You cant take food from his table and also take his television. That will be wicked.
Okoh Aihe writes from Abuja
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I felt nauseous in Topshop: why a fashion editor gave up buying new clothes – The Guardian
Posted: at 5:34 am
It was April 2019. I was seven months pregnant and in Topshop, looking for something large in which to rehome my body.
I was wearing a maternity dress that, if you had seen me pregnant, you would have recognised a cheap, pleated wraparound in a red floral print that expanded as I expanded. I imagined Issey Miyake, but increasingly looked more like an armchair. It had served me well, but I was determined to buy something, anything, to see me through the next few months.
I had been inside for 20 minutes, moving slowly between the rails like an icebreaker, when I started to feel breathless, then nauseous. Neither was unusual in my pregnancy, so I left the shop looking for a bench. There was no need once outside, I suddenly felt calm. I realised it wasnt the baby making me sick. It was the stuff the rows and rows of stuff.
I couldnt quite explain what had happened until I read Mark OConnells 2020 book, Notes From an Apocalypse. In it, OConnell described a similar experience at a branch of Yo! Sushi, as he watched a conveyor belt go round and round: I thought about the volume of animal and human flesh required to keep the system going, he wrote. Suddenly, he, too, became breathless, experiencing a kind of abstract terror at the delirium of commerce.
While it was sushi that did for OConnell, it was mass-produced dresses that did for me. Everything is commodified and nothing is sustainable. This truth overwhelmed me. Two years later, that cheap red dress is one of the last new things I own. The only clothes I buy are secondhand.
The operative word here is new, because what happened in Topshop wasnt so much a Damascene moment as a corrective to something already in motion. I really love clothes, but I have always tended to buy used ones. As a student in Leeds, it was fashionable to dress as if in the past, so I bought my frayed Levis 501s in vintage shops. In my first job in journalism, in 2007, I was earning minimum wage, so I went to charity shops out of necessity. When I started earning a bit more, I upgraded to vintage from Beyond Retro, because the jeans had the high waists I so desired.
Occasionally, I felt the siren call of the high street or, when I entered fashion journalism in 2013, sample sales. But, in the end, I always return to eBay or, lately, the fashion resale site Vestiaire Collective. I dont look for vintage, an amorphous term that usually means it costs more, and I am unsure about the marketing terms resale and preloved, which feel loaded. I prefer the term used, because that is what they are. And, generally speaking, used clothes, even designer ones, are good value old Chlo lasts longer than new Zara and costs roughly the same.
It helped to create a plan that was clear, but not so drastic that I would immediately give up I could buy new underwear, or trainers for sport, but nothing else. If I really wanted a new dress, it had to be old. The key, I realised, was to value appetite over principle, to go with the carrot, not the stick. If I cracked which I did, twice I would simply move on.
It helped, also, that I had a baby. I didnt gain much weight, but my belly became a souffle and the idea of buying in-between clothes returnitywear, if you will bummed me out. Plus, few things prevent you from wafting around shops like having a toddler. It goes without saying that my son wears only old clothes or hand-me-downs.
Lockdown has helped, too. Over the past six months, I have had more time to look at what I already own, to get trousers re-hemmed, or just iron stuff so that it looks better. I conduct inventories, weighing up what I need (trousers, thermal vests) and what I dont (everything else). I try to operate a one-in-one-out policy, donate to clothes banks or sell things on eBay.
It also helps to not look. Over Christmas, I wanted a yellow beret I had seen in a shop window. I have a navy beret, but this was yellow. I thought about it a lot. Then, suddenly, I didnt and now it is summer. Once you look past the want and are honest about the need, desire dries up pretty fast. Capitalism is for children, says the author and psychotherapist Adam Phillips, in the sense that it preys upon how our desires are easily exploited. If people are not given time to find out what they want, they tend to grab things.
If I do land on something appealing (usually algorithmically on Instagram), I simply note the designer and look on eBay. I find that this has the useful effect of either sharpening or dulling that desire. There is a thrill in the hunt. You have to really want something to bid on it for days on end. Not everyone has the time to do this I do it while cooking, waiting for the kettle to boil, sitting on the bus but often I lose interest, which decides for me.
The fashion industry is one of the worlds great polluters. Initially, buying used clothes was a financial imperative, but working in fashion gave me a heightened awareness of the carbon, water and waste footprints of clothes production, as well as the working and living conditions of many of the people who make the clothes. It has become a difficult square to circle. At some point, resisting consumerism becomes the only ethical choice.
This situation is not confined to fashion. It defines our economic system. With its supply chains, developing-world factories and ceaseless creation of trends, fashion is at the sharp end of 21st-century capitalism, but it is not an outlier.
Some clothing companies have begun to modify their practices. Sustainability has shifted from buzzword to normality. This is commendable, but at times it can feel like a loophole new stuff is still new stuff, no matter how sustainably you dress it up. On average, 40% of the clothes in European wardrobes are not worn.
It probably sounds unusual that someone who until recently had spent seven years as a fashion editor would give up new clothes, like a pusher renouncing drugs. In some ways, it is about separating church from state I write about what people are wearing and why, rather than what they should. Fashions role is to reflect the world and provide visual cues about someones identity. Fashion should be fun, a form of self-expression, while clothes can reveal cultural trends, even sociopolitical ones. That is why we care about Trumps Maga hat, or Billie Eilish in a corset in Vogue. Even if you dont have an interest in what you wear, you are communicating as much.
The photographer Kate Friend is one of the best-dressed people I know, yet owns very little. I dont like a lot of stuff in any aspect of life, she says. Like wearing an old mink coat while condemning fur, she believes buying any clothes, new or old, is counterproductive to sustainability, because it creates desire. The greenest product is the one you dont buy. By not buying, you attempt to rewire the need for new, she says.
Friend buys two items of clothing a year and tops up underwear every six months. Last year, I got two Acne jackets, one short and shirt-like, one very long and oversized. One or both will get worn most days a week over something very basic, she says. If these items fulfilled certain criteria (I have to be sure Ill wear it weekly, if not daily, and it has to be adaptable to all sorts of situations), she will wear them until they fall apart.
Her mindset is driven by her work as a nature photographer. I like to wear uniform things that I can move around in and are easy to pack, she says. And if spending time among plants or landscapes informs what we really need, it definitely isnt a ton of clothes.
Of course, there is a difference between not buying things and not being able to. Rebecca May Johnson, an Essex-based writer and academic, has bought one thing so far this year. She spends most of her disposable income on her allotment. When she has money for clothes, she prefers to buy from Old Town in Holt, Norfolk, which makes clothes to order (not to measure), so there is no waste, and the clothes are sent to you after six weeks. They last a long time and are beautifully made. The clothes are not cheap, but they really suit how I live and feel in my body, she says.
Johnson says this is simply her choice. I do not attribute any moral value to buying or not buying things. People take their pleasure where they can in the ways they can, especially if choices are limited by income and working conditions, she says. Buying nice stuff is nice, nothing more.
I told my Topshop story to Patrick Fagan, a behavioural psychologist at Goldsmiths, University of London. Were you overwhelmed by the futility and nihilism of consumerism? Id say so, he says, pointing me towards a change of thinking dating back to at least the 1960s that says that we have become consumers, rather than producers, and have less control over our lives. This, he says, has created a hole that consumerism cant fill.
There is a subconscious rule of thumb that if something is new, it must be good, and in some cases thats true, says Fagan. But its also about having autonomy buying new things feeds into that. Make something new, but familiar, and people will buy it.
There are times when I have failed. The first was when I returned to work from maternity leave during lockdown. I wasnt at home and had only a few breastfeeding T-shirts with me, so I bought a gaudy blue silk shirt, which was, on reflection, a panic-buy Zoom shirt. (I rarely wear it.) The second time was late last summer, when I was caring for my ill mother during the lockdown. Shopping was impossible, but also, because of mum, unthinkable.
On one particularly dark day, as she lay dying upstairs, I went online and bought a coat. It was oversized in navy wool, not unlike a blanket. I dont know why I bought it I imagine now it was some sort of salve but when it arrived, wrapped in crisp white paper, with me knowing my mother would be dead by the time it was cold enough to wear it, I could barely look at it. Then, and truly then, the fantasy of easy acquisition was exposed for all its emptiness.
Rather than buying new ones, I wore her clothes to the funeral (they are nice and we were the same size). This is quite common, says Fagan: When people are faced with mortality, they want to hold on to nostalgic things with meaning. By wearing her clothes, I felt connected to her.
Paola Locati is a fashion consultant who has worked in the industry for more than 20 years, yet she has barely bought anything new in five. Like me, it was a perfect storm of personal events turning 50, putting on weight, her mother dying that changed her outlook. You think: ah, Ill buy clothes in the hope of losing weight, but its a false economy, she says.
Now, Locati follows a few arbitrary rules. She buys clothes only to replace ones she has worn out. She repurposes clothes she already owns. And she tries to wear the clothes she inherited from her late mother.
I know I am still scratching a consumer itch, but, in cutting out the new, I value what I have already. As Samuel Delany wrote in his 1979 memoir Heavenly Breakfast: Its nice to have most of the people knocking around in something once beautiful, with wear grown comfortable.
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Headwinds: Offshore wind will take time to carry factory jobs to U.S. – Reuters
Posted: at 5:33 am
When U.S. President Joe Biden's administration approved the countrys first major offshore wind farm this month, it billed the move as the start of a new clean energy industry that by the end of the decade will create over 75,000 U.S. jobs.
Industry executives and analysts do not contest that claim, but they make a clarification: For the first several years at least, most of the manufacturing jobs stemming from the U.S. offshore wind industry will be in Europe.
Offshore wind project developers plan to ship massive blades, towers and other components for at least the initial wave of U.S. projects from factories in France, Spain and elsewhere before potentially opening up manufacturing plants on U.S. shores, according to Reuters interviews with executives from three of the worlds leading wind turbine makers.
That is because suppliers need to see a deep pipeline of approved U.S. projects, along with a clear set of regulatory incentives like federal and state tax breaks, before committing to siting and building new American factories, they say a process that could take years.
"For the first projects, it's probably necessary" to ship across the Atlantic, said Martin Gerhardt, head of offshore wind product management at Siemens Gamesa (SGREN.MC), the global offshore wind market leader in a comment typical of the group.
That underscores an uncomfortable truth for the Biden administration as it seeks to show political opponents that a transition away from fossil fuels to fight climate change can be good for the economy: many of the clean energy jobs he aims to create to offset losses in drilling and mining may not materialize until well after his time in the White House ends.
The administration has unveiled a goal to install 30 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind power capacity in U.S. waters by 2030 roughly the amount that already exists in Europes two-decade old industry a plan that it estimates will create 77,000 U.S.-based jobs while combating global climate change.
More than 2,000 turbines will be needed to meet the 30-GW target, according to Shashi Barla, an analyst at consultancy Wood Mackenzie. But U.S.-based factories probably will not materialize until 2024 or 2025, he said.
After that, Barla said he expects the U.S. supply chain to develop rapidly and to make around 70% of major components for the industry by 2030.
A White House official did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
A FACTORY IN EVERY STATE
This month, Washington took a big step toward its goal of launching the offshore wind industry by approving the Vineyard Wind project off the coast of Massachusetts, jointly owned by Avangrid Inc (AGR.N) and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners. read more
That project, the first major offshore wind farm to get federal approval in the United States after more than a decade of stops and starts, is expected to produce enough electricity to power 400,000 homes in New England by 2023.
Vineyard Wind alone will create 3,600 U.S. jobs, according to company officials, though most of the projects components will be manufactured in Europe due to the lack of an existing domestic supply chain.
U.S. company General Electric's (GE.N)renewable division, GE Renewable Energy, will supply Vineyard Wind with 62 turbines. The major parts for those turbines, which are twice the height of the Statue of Liberty, including rotor blades and gear boxes, will be made in its factories in France.
Iberdrola (IBE.MC), Avangrids Spanish parent company, says the contract to make the turbine foundations, meanwhile, will create around 400 jobs at the Windar Renovables factory in Spain.
Several other U.S. offshore wind project proposals have also been preparing orders from companies like GE and Siemens Gamesa, but they are awaiting federal regulatory approval before moving forward.
The manufacturers told Reuters they need those orders to become solid and reliable before contemplating investments in a U.S.-based supply chain for offshore wind.
Opening a factory is costly and time-consuming: they require permits and large amounts of space near the coast, said Christy Guthman, GE Renewables commercial leader of U.S. offshore.
"We definitely want to maximize our local content wherever possible, but we need to have that sustained volume year over year to look at potential investments in the U.S," Guthman said.
Developers also need to navigate complex state-level demands on the industry, as governors compete to ensure that any future factories supplying the offshore wind industry are built within their borders.
New Jersey, for example, has asked bidders on its offshore wind supply contracts to specify how they will help the state become an industry hub, while a recent New York solicitation said investments that create sustainable in-state jobs would be given preference.
"We cannot have a factory in every state, that is not economic," Siemens Gamesa Chief Executive Andreas Nauen said in an interview.
Nauens company is still deliberating over whether to open a specialized facility on the East Coast to service a proposed project for Dominion Energy (D.N) in Virginia, having been named preferred supplier back in January 2020.
Siemens Gamesa, GE and Vestas (VWS.CO) already produce parts for smaller, onshore turbines in the United States, but locations including landlocked Kansas, Iowa, North Dakota and Colorado put them too far from the windy coasts to be of much use for larger offshore pieces.
Orsted (ORSTED.CO) and Equinor (EQNR.OL), meanwhile, have said they plan to open manufacturing for some parts to service U.S. offshore projects they have proposed, though many major parts would likely still be derived from established plants in Europe.
POLITICAL TURBULENCE
Suppliers have reason to be cautious. Clean energy expansion in the United States relies heavily on political will which can shift from administration to administration.
Federal incentives for renewable energy projects have expired or experienced eleventh-hour extensions in Congress multiple times over the last decade. Bidens predecessor, Donald Trump, meanwhile, had cancelled Vineyard Wind's permit application during his term, throwing the entire industry into doubt until Biden revived the process.
That turbulence resounded in the supply chain. Vineyard Wind initially chose Vestas as its turbine supplier in 2018, but that contract expired as federal permitting dragged on.
The Biden White House has said it is aware that suppliers need airtight commitments to make investments in local manufacturing, and points out the administration has pledged $3 billion in public financing for offshore wind and transmission developers and component suppliers. It will also fund $230 million of port infrastructure projects to help encourage the industry.
The U.S. International Trade Commission, meanwhile, has imposed tariffs on imported wind towers from certain countries including Spain. While the move came at the request of two domestic producers of towers for the U.S. onshore wind industry, the tariffs would apply to offshore towers as well, increasing the economic incentive to open U.S. factories.
"We know that we need to create greater certainty for offshore wind projects," U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Director Amanda Lefton said on a call with reporters on May 11.
Lefton has also acknowledged that competing state demands could be an obstacle for the industry.
"There's been this healthy competition among states for who is the most aggressive," Lefton said in an interview with Reuters. "But we stand to gain a lot more now by... rowing in the same direction on establishing the supply chain here."
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Norwegian Company Positioning for Upcoming Offshore Wind Projects – Offshore WIND
Posted: at 5:33 am
Norwegian company Caera has acquired its compatriot Energy Innovation as it plans to set up a skilled personnel base at the Egersund Energy Hub as part of the offshore wind supply chain in Norway.
Caera is a supplier of skilled professionals in electrical and mechanical sciences, and Energy Innovation is an education and certification center.
Both companies have a letter of intent signed with theNorseman Wind consortium,which recently announced its plans to apply for a license to build a 1.4 GW offshore wind project in Norway.
Egersund Energy Hub is intended as an operation and maintenance (O&M) base for the project, which Caera sees as well positioned to contribute to developing a complete supplier industry for offshore wind in Norway.
We see great opportunities for business development of operation and maintenance services, technical education and HSE certification in wind power and other renewable energy, said Robert Norum, Chairman of the Board of Caera.
We need to readjust.The best way to carry out the restructuring is by building a bridge from our solid petro-maritime industry to the expertise we need.We will develop a new domestic market for the development, operation and maintenance of the offshore wind projects at Srlige Nordsj II and Utsira Nord, said Frank Emil Moen, CEO of Energy Innovation.
Last year, Norway opened two zones for offshore wind and launched a pre-application period for them this January. As the developers announce their applications for acerage at the two areas Utsira Nord and Srlige Nordsj II the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy is working on the licensing process for the projects that will be built there.
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Shell Adds Worley to Offshore Wind-to-Hydrogen Project Team – Offshore WIND
Posted: at 5:33 am
Dutch energy major Shell has awarded the Australian engineering company Worley a services contract to support the development of a new 200 MW electrolysis-based hydrogen plant in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
The new plant will be powered by renewable energy from an offshore wind farm that is currently in development, Worley said.
Once complete, the green hydrogen plant will be one of the largest commercial green hydrogen production facilities in the world.
Operations are scheduled to start by 2023 and are estimated to produce 50,000 60,000 kilograms of green hydrogen per day.
The green hydrogen produced will initially be used to decarbonize Shells nearby refinery in Pernis and support the industrial use of hydrogen in the heavy transportation industry.
Under the contract, Worley will provide early engineering services for the green hydrogen plant including integration with other assets such as offshore wind, pipelines, electrical grids, and Shells Pernis refinery.
The services will be executed from Worleys offices in The Hague, with support from Worleys global hydrogen subject-matter experts and Global Integrated Delivery team in India.
As an Australian company operating globally, we are pleased to be working with Shell on this first-of-itskind project. We look forward to supporting Shells strategy to be a provider of net-zero emissions energy products and this project is an example of how Worley can help our customers achieve their goals and own purpose of delivering a more sustainable world, said Chris Ashton, Chief Executive Officer of Worley.
Shell is currently developing the 759 MW Hollandse Kust Noord wind farm offshore the Netherlands through the CrossWind consortium with Eneco.
CrossWind plans to have Hollandse Kust (noord) operational in 2023 and generating at least 3.3 TWh per year.
The wind farm is located some 18.5 kilometres off the Dutch west coast and will comprise 69 Siemens Gamesa 11 MW turbines.
Last year, the CrossWind consortium said that the electricity generated at the wind farm will be used to power the 200 MW electrolysis plant on the Tweede Maasvlakte as part of the NortH2 project.
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Biden Administration Looks to Northern California’s Offshore to Site More Wind Energy Projects – Natural Gas Intelligence
Posted: at 5:33 am
Californias coast may be the site of the West Coasts first installment of offshore wind infrastructure following an announcement by the Biden administration this week.
The administration said the Department of Interior (DOI), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the Department of Defense (DOD) have agreed to lease 399 square miles off the northern coast of California for Wind Energy Area (WEA) development.
The state may be in need of more energy resources in a few years as Gov. Gavin Newsom has called a ban on new hydraulic fracturing permits by January 2024. The states offshore waters are said to be prospective for up to 4.6 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind.
DOI, working with DOD and the state, has identified the Morro Bay 399 Area as one site that could support 3 GW of offshore wind on 399 square miles northwest of the bay. DOI is also investigating Northern Californias Humboldt Call Area as a possible wind farm location.
Following environmental analyses and government-to-government tribal consultations, the areas may be merged in a proposed sale notice for one lease sale auction, projected for mid-2022.
[Climate Check: Tune into NGIs Hub & Flow podcast about President Bidens climate commitments and how that might affect the U.S. natural gas industry.]
Not only would the California WEA additions advance efforts toward the administrations 30 GW goal, but according to DOI Secretary Deb Haaland, they have the potential to create tens of thousands of good paying union jobs.
In late March, Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Jennifer M. Granholm announced a national goal to get 30 GW of offshore wind online by 2030. The ambitious project has the potential to generate around 77,000 jobs and electricity for more than 10 million homes, according to DOE.
The announcement also spurred DOEs National Offshore Wind Research and Development (R&D) Consortium to grant 15 projects a total of $8 million for offshore wind support structure innovation, U.S. supply chain development, electrical systems innovation, and solutions for impacts on wildlife and radar.
While East Coast turbines can be attached to the seafloor, deep Pacific waters require floating turbines, a relatively new technology. Madrid-based Esteycos evolved spar concrete substructure for floating offshore wind design was one of the 15 projects awarded by the National Offshore Wind R&D Consortium.
The wind energy target added on to President Bidens Executive Order in January that called for a government-wide approach to tackle the climate crisis.
Earlier this month, the administration approved the nations first large-scale offshore wind farm, which is to consist of up to 84 turbines that would be sited 12 nautical miles from the coasts of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket, MA.
The Vineyard Wind project is the first of several massive offshore wind proposals that aim to construct more than 3,000 wind turbines from Maine to North Carolina. An additional 13 wind farm projects are under federal review to be processed by 2025 as part of the administrations offshore wind targets.
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Bureau Veritas named partner to certify UKs iconic Moray West offshore wind farm – Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide
Posted: at 5:33 am
Bureau Veritas, a world leader in testing, inspection and certification, has been selected to undertake project certification for the Moray West offshore wind farm in Scotland one of the UKs most important offshore windfarm projects.
The project aims to be fully operational by 2024, with a lifespan of 25 years. Under the plan, up to 85 wind turbines are being built, as well as two offshore substation platforms and offshore export cable circuits. The Moray West offshore wind farm has a grid connection capacity of 860 MW. Export cables running a total of 65 km in length will transport the wind farms generated power beneath the seabed to a landfall location east of Sandend Bay on the Aberdeenshire Coast.
Bureau Veritas will be providing independent verification and will deliver full project certification including design review, manufacturing surveillance, transport and installation surveillance, and commissioning surveillance.
Adam Morrison, Project Director, Moray West, said: As Moray West continues to develop in terms of engineering design, and as we prepare for the construction phase starting in 2022, subject to securing a Contracts for Difference, we welcome Bureau Veritas, which will perform important certification services on the project. We are particularly pleased that this work will be delivered by skilled engineers at the UK offices of Bureau Veritas. This expands our support for UK suppliers and provides a sustainable domestic supply chain for the growing offshore wind sector.
Laurent Louail, Executive Vice-President, CIF* South & West Europe, Bureau Veritas, commented: As a key player in the energy transition, we support our clients in their efforts to implement sustainable resources such as offshore wind to bring about a more sustainable world. In this context, we are proud to contribute to the UKs ambitious plan to achieve net zero carbon emissions. Through our BV Green Line of Renewables services and solutions, we look forward to helping Moray West sustainably design, build and operate its assets.
Bureau Veritas is present at key stages of the renewable and alternative energy production chain. Over the last two decades, Bureau Veritas has dedicated significant efforts to developing one-stop-shop solutions related to renewable energies: from design verification of offshore wind farms, to supply chain quality assurance for solar photovoltaic panels, alongside project and construction management support for onshore wind developments.Source: Bureau Veritas
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