Daily Archives: June 24, 2021

Cimzia and Dosage: Strength, Forms, When to Use, and More – Healthline

Posted: June 24, 2021 at 11:38 pm

If you have certain inflammatory conditions, your doctor might suggest Cimzia (certolizumab) as a treatment option for you.

Cimzia is a prescription medication thats used in adults to treat:

Cimzia is a type of drug called a tumor necrosis factor blocker. You receive it as an injection under your skin.

This article describes the dosages of Cimzia, including its forms, strength, and how to use the drug. To learn more about Cimzia, see this in-depth article.

Note: This article covers Cimzias typical dosages, which are provided by the drugs manufacturer. But when using Cimzia, always take the dosage that your doctor prescribes.

Cimzia is a medication that youll get as an injection under your skin. Your doctor may give you the injection in their office. Or they can teach you or your caregiver how to give yourself the injection at home.

Cimzia comes in two different forms:

Both forms of Cimzia contain one strength: 200 milligrams (mg).

Your Cimzia dosage will depend on the condition that youre treating. Other factors may include your body weight and how you respond to the treatment.

For most conditions, youll likely start treatment with a higher dose, called the starting dose or loading dose. This helps your body respond faster to the drug.

After a certain amount of time, your doctor may reduce your dose to what is called a maintenance dose. This is the dose that you take long term to keep your symptoms under control.

The information below describes dosages that are commonly used or recommended. But be sure to take the dosage your doctor prescribes for you. Your doctor will determine the best dosage to fit your needs.

For plaque psoriasis, the typical dosage of Cimzia is 400 mg (two injections of 200 mg) once every 2 weeks.

If you weigh less than or equal to 90 kilograms (about 198 pounds), your doctor might reduce your dosage. Specifically, after your first three doses, you may have a 200-mg dose (one injection) once every 2 weeks.

For rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, the typical starting dosage of Cimzia is 400 mg once every 2 weeks.

After three doses at 400 mg, your doctor may switch you to a maintenance dose. This is typically 200 mg, which youll receive once every 2 weeks.

In some cases, your doctor may change your maintenance dosage to 400 mg once every 4 weeks. This would reduce the number of injections you have per month. Do not switch to this dosage without talking with your doctor first.

Ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis are forms of arthritis that affect the spine. For these conditions, the typical starting dosage of Cimzia is 400 mg once every 2 weeks.

After three doses at 400 mg, your doctor may switch you to a maintenance dose. This is typically 200 mg, which youll receive once every 2 weeks. Or it may be 400 mg, received once every 4 weeks.

For Crohns disease, the typical starting dosage of Cimzia is 400 mg once every 2 weeks for three doses.

If your symptoms have eased after this, your doctor will switch you to a maintenance dosage. This will likely be 400 mg once every 4 weeks.

Yes, Cimzia is typically used as a long-term treatment. If you and your doctor determine that Cimzia is safe and effective for you, its likely that youll use it long term.

Here are the answers to some frequently asked questions about Cimzias dosage.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hasnt approved Cimzia to treat ulcerative colitis (a type of inflammatory bowel disease). But Cimzia is being studied to see if it could be effective for this use.

Because Cimzia isnt approved to treat ulcerative colitis, there isnt a recommended dosage for this condition. If youre interested in taking Cimzia to treat ulcerative colitis, talk with your doctor. This would be an off-label use of the drug. (Off-label drug use means using a drug for a purpose other than that approved by the FDA.)

It may take a few weeks before your symptoms start to ease. If you think Cimzia isnt working for you, dont change the dosage of Cimzia that your doctor has prescribed. Talk with your doctor if you have questions about whether Cimzia is working for you.

If you miss an appointment to have an injection of Cimzia, call your doctors office right away to reschedule.

If you usually inject Cimzia yourself and you miss a dose, call your doctors office to find out what to do. They may tell you to take the missed dose as soon as possible. But if its nearly time for your next dose, they may tell you to skip the missed dose.

Your doctor can also tell you if you need to adjust your dosing schedule after a missed dose.

If you need help remembering to take your dose of Cimzia on time, try using a medication reminder. This can include setting an alarm, downloading a reminder app, or setting a timer on your phone. It can also be helpful to write your Cimzia dosing schedule on a calendar.

The dosage of Cimzia youre prescribed may depend on:

If you have any questions about the dosage of Cimzia you should take, talk with your doctor.

Youll receive Cimzia as an injection under your skin. Your doctor can give you Cimzia injections in their office. They can also teach you or your caregiver how to do this at home using Cimzia prefilled syringes.

Youll take Cimzia either once every 2 weeks or once every 4 weeks. And you may need to take one or two injections each time. Always follow your doctors instructions.

You can inject Cimzia into these areas of your body:

Each time you give yourself Cimzia, you should rotate injection sites. This means injecting the drug into a different place in one of the areas mentioned above. Make a note of the date and the area you used for each injection. This way you can avoid injecting in the same place next time.

If you need to take two injections for your dose, the injections should be at least 2.5 centimeters (about 1 inch) apart.

Avoid injecting Cimzia into areas of skin that are tender, red, discolored, bruised, or hard. Also avoid areas where you have scars or stretch marks.

Dont use more Cimzia than your doctor prescribes. Using more than this can lead to serious side effects.

Call your doctor right away if you think youve used too much Cimzia. You can also call 800-222-1222 to reach the American Association of Poison Control Centers, or use its online resource. But if you have severe symptoms, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately, or go to the nearest emergency room.

The sections above describe the typical dosages provided by the drug manufacturer. If your doctor recommends Cimzia for you, they will prescribe the dosage thats right for you.

Remember, you shouldnt change your dosage of Cimzia without your doctors recommendation. Only take Cimzia exactly as prescribed. Talk with your doctor if you have questions or concerns about your current dosage.

Here are some questions you may want to ask your doctor:

You can learn more about the conditions Cimzia treats by subscribing to Healthlines newsletters for psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis.

Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

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Severe Psoriasis Market 2021 Size, Status and Global Outlook Amgen, Inc., AbbVie Inc., Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and…

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Severe Psoriasis Marketresearch report is the new statistical data source added byOneup Business Insights.

In 2019, the global Severe Psoriasis Market size was xx million US$ and it is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during 2020-2025.

The current environment of the ever-evolving business sector, as well as the existing and prospective implications of COVID-19 on the market, are examined in this research. Each business covered in the research report is examined in terms of product and application portfolios, market share, growth potential, future plans, and development activities such as mergers and acquisitions, product introduction, and so on.

Note In order to provide more accurate market forecast, all our reports will be updated before delivery by considering the impact of COVID-19.

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Top key players @ Amgen, Inc., AbbVie Inc., Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, UCB, Celgene Corporation, Merck

The main goal for the dissemination of this information is to give a descriptive analysis of how the trends could potentially affect the upcoming future of Severe Psoriasis market during the forecast period. This markets competitive manufactures and the upcoming manufactures are studied with their detailed research. Revenue, production, price, market share of these players is mentioned with precise information.

This report provides pinpoint analysis for changing competitive dynamics. It offers a forward-looking perspective on different factors driving or limiting market growth. It provides a five-year forecast assessed on the basis of how they Severe Psoriasis Market is predicted to grow. It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future and helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments.

Key questions answered in the report include:

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Trending factors influencing the market shares of the Americas, APAC, Europe, and MEA.

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It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

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5 United States

6 Europe

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12 International Players Profiles

13 Market Forecast 2019-2025

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

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Severe Psoriasis Market 2021 Size, Status and Global Outlook Amgen, Inc., AbbVie Inc., Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and...

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Defra group research and innovation interests – GOV.UK

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Introduction

The Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (Defra) has, as its name suggests, a broad range of responsibilities. It runs programmes to deliver much of the research and monitoring needed for policy development, both nationally and internationally.

[Credit: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]

Working with a wide range of centres of scientific expertise, including Public Sector Research Establishments, universities, industry, and national and international organisations, Defra sets policies to ensure a healthy and sustainable environment and to achieve production of food at high standard for consumption at home and for trade.

Defras policies are evidence-based and rely on research to ensure they are effective and take account of up-to-date understanding. This document describes the broad areas where Defra needs further research and innovation to inform its programmes and policies.

This research will help Defra realise the goals set out in important government strategies, respond to the climate crisis and make progress following the exit from the EU. It will also inform legislative commitments of the devolved administrations, such as those of the Environment (Wales) Act 2016.

These research and innovation interests are presented in this document at a high-level, giving an overview of the breadth of Defras enquiry. They are expected to be areas of interest for at least some years. In many cases they represent long-running fields of research endeavour and span more than one discipline. These research needs have been influenced by the substantial perturbation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. This document includes early consideration of the new and altered research needs that will arise.

Identifying the departmental research and innovation needs will ensure Defras evidence activities inform, and are driven by, policy and operational needs. Enabling greater strategic oversight of the evidence activities.

Research to address these areas of interest is delivered by a range of organisations and people. Some of the research is undertaken in the Public Sector Research Establishments (PSREs) in the Defra group which have extensive specialist research expertise. But Defra also works with a broad range of universities, research institutes, industries and industry bodies, charities and volunteer organisations, and with other government departments. Defra benefits from the global excellence of UK environmental science and research.

Research that contributes to Defras policy making and programmes is funded through a variety of routes. Some is funded and commissioned by Defra directly and targets specific short-term evidence needs in the department. Some is more extensive research funding by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). This includes novel and innovative research to inform Defras strategic research interests. Relevant UKRI research is delivered in a variety of programmes, including those in the Strategic Priorities Fund.

This document does not present a view of the structure or processes by which research is commissioned and used in Defra, nor of the breadth of research undertaken in the PSREs in the Defra Group. But the document structure includes a section which discusses research interests in each of the five Outcome Systems that Defra uses internally. This section is preceded by sections that consider research needs in areas that cut across Defras portfolio, such as climate and land-use, and a section about important research tools and approaches.

Defra Group System is structured around five outcome systems listed below:

The department actively seeks connections with relevant external research. Defra experts attend conferences and take part in research programmes; Defra runs more than 20 specialist advisory bodies to consult leading external experts; Defra runs a number of intern, studentship and secondment programmes; and Defra commissions research teams to address particular problems. We are always seeking new approaches to learn about research in the areas outlined in this document. That research is fundamental to the evidence-based policy making that the department prides itself on.

The eight Public Sector Research Establishments in the Defra Group. Seven of these are Defra arms length bodies. Fera is a Joint Venture between Defra and Capita PLC.

Other scientific arms length bodies in the Defra group are:

Several key themes cut across Defras domain. These often involve consideration of the complex and multifaceted interaction between the environment and human activity, and the application of multiple disciplines.

Adaptation and resilience: Defra is the lead government department for climate adaptation, responsible for the assessment of appropriate action to protect and enhance natural and human systems in a changing climate. Also, for increasing resilience and mitigating against risk. Such assessment is used in many areas, including for the statutory requirement of the Climate Change Act to produce a 5-yearly, Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) and National Adaptation Programme (NAP).

Although Defra has overarching responsibility for producing the CCRA and is responsible for managing several climate risks (such as impact on the natural environment), a number of climate risks (such as the impact on transport, health, business) are the responsibility of other government departments (for example Department for Transport (DfT), Department for Health (DfH), Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG).

Areas of interest in adaptation:

Achieving Net Zero: To limit future warming requires rapid reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and achieving net zero by 2050, as required by UK legislation. Climate mitigation is led in government by the Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS). But Defra is responsible for efforts to reduce GHG emissions from four sectors: agriculture, waste and wastewater, land-use, and fluorinated gases (F-gases). Defra also has responsibility to promote forestry, which acts as a carbon sink. Together, the four Defra sectors represent 15% of the total net UK GHGs, with agriculture being the biggest contributor (about 10% of UK emissions).

Defra has research interests in reduction of emissions, the removal of GHG from the atmosphere, and in understanding the impacts of mitigation activities on other environmental outcomes:

In the densely populated UK, competition for land between urban, rural, food, energy, recreation, environmental outcomes, industry and other uses is a fundamental issue. Our interaction with the natural environmental is often through our use of land.

We need to assess, in a changing society and climate, how best to sustainably use available land area as well as the full suite of natural environment considerations in that use:

How can we effectively protect, manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems to help address societal challenges? Whilst also providing biodiversity benefits and human wellbeing from abundant wildlife to green jobs to clean water?

Societal challenges include mitigating and adapting to climate change. These could be addressed by supporting ecosystem functions that deliver services such as carbon sequestration, coastal resilience, and natural flood management:

The wide range of products harvested from nature and produced by agri-food and forestry industries represent a significant proportion of UK GDP. Ensuring that these products are produced and traded sustainably to the financial and broader benefit of the UK, without damage to the environment, involves a range of critical research questions:

Human and animal health are closely entwined, often via the environment in which they interact. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a forceful demonstration of this interaction. Human and animal health is also strongly influenced by the health of the environment. These interactions, considered as a system, define the research field, One Health:

The research areas identified in this document rely on a wide range of research tools and approaches, spanning disciplines across the sciences and social sciences. This section is not an exhaustive list of the tools and approaches of interest to Defra. It identifies some areas of particular relevance and change, which will be important in addressing the challenges faced by Defra and represented throughout this document.

Societies demand resource from the environment and shape that environment. The social science of human-nature interactions is of fundamental importance to Defra:

Defras areas of responsibility cover a wide range of interacting natural and human systems. Changes that affect one outcome are often likely to have knock-on implications for others. Policy in areas such as land management, biodiversity conservation, pollution prevention, food security, fisheries, and waste management, need to be designed in the absence of perfect knowledge of how human and natural processes interact. It can be particularly difficult to attribute cause and effect in such complex systems where evidence is often partial and fragmented.

Consideration of the issues that Defra deals with as parts of systems, i.e. in terms of relationships between the parts can help us to unpick complex or seemingly chaotic situations, and better deliver robust positive outcomes for society. To facilitate more effective decision making, a range of approaches and specialties need to be applied to the above challenges. Research is required in the following areas:

Geospatial data: Effective use of modern data architecture and analysis to make full use of data collected in the Defra Group and other relevant sources (for example from satellites, climate observations/models, and from other government departments).

Measuring change enables us better target action to secure a healthy environment and support our rural communities and economies. It also helps us to evaluate the effectiveness of those actions. As well as meeting legislative and policy commitments to report on the state of our environment, both domestically and internationally:

To achieve resilience to climate change, halt biodiversity loss, sustainably manage land and support rural communities and economies, we need informed and targeted policy development, interventions, and enforcement. These must engage appropriate actors (individuals, communities, businesses, and government) and be at the right scale and place. We also need to evaluate the impacts of our interventions:

Adopting a natural capital approach improves understanding of economic, social, cultural, and environmental values. Helping to encourage behaviours and practices that support stewardship and sustainability:

Climate change is increasing the threat of flooding. We have already committed to reducing the risk of harm from flooding through improving resilience, expanding the use of natural flood management, and putting in place more sustainable drainage systems. To achieve this outcome we need a strong evidence base which can help us optimise our approaches to achieve resilience and maximise the use of natural methods where they work:

Clean and plentiful water underpins human activity and supports natural ecosystems. A robust evidence base is required to develop policy to ensure there is a plentiful supply of water in the long term and to significantly enhance the quality of water available to all forms of life:

Defra is responsible for providing advice, guidance and access to capability to remediate areas from chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) and major hazmat incidents. The evidence we gather ensures that we can do this using the latest, most efficient technique:

We want UK science in the areas of animal and plant health, food, and farming to be internationally respected, impactful, and of a collaborative interdisciplinary nature.

We need research to develop a world-leading resilient food and farming system which enables the sector to grow and be more productive sustainably. Research and innovation will help champion trade of British food, produced to the highest environmental and animal welfare standards, in global markets. It will also maintain food safety, providing consumers with healthy, sustainable and affordable food choices:

We want to protect the nation from the effects of animal and plant diseases and pests, to enable sustainable production, trade, and a vibrant natural environment. Our focus is on building resilience to prevent, detect, adapt, and enable risk-based control:

We need to protect the marine environment from pollution and improve measures to reduce impacts by better process, methods, novel technology, and communication to support marine policy. Research is required to:

Our knowledge of the function and resilience of marine ecosystem services needs strengthening. Research questions include:

The UKs ambition is for sustainable growth and to manage the impact of COVID-19 on the wider marine economy. Research is required to:

Effective measures for adaptation and mitigation to climate change risks are needed to be developed by research to:

We need research to articulate the health and environmental costs and benefits of complex policy interventions that influence air and soundscape quality. This includes the environmental impacts and human health related ones. Research is required to:

Defra seeks to increase the circularity of our economy through greater resource efficiency, waste prevention, and maximising recycling. Research is required on:

We need to understand the risks associated with the chemicals we use as well as their impacts on the environment, and the role of government and others to prevent harm, in line with the goals of the 25 Year Environment Plan:

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Defra group research and innovation interests - GOV.UK

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Secukinumab Retention High in Real-world Study of Patients With PsA, AxSpA – AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

Posted: at 11:38 pm

Corresponding author Rubn Queiro, MD, PhD, of the Central University Hospital of Asturias, in Spain, and colleagues explained that secukinumab (SEC), a human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 17A, had a favorable safety profile in clinical trials. In addition, postmarketing surveillance has shown the therapy has a low frequency of discontinuation.

However, we currently have no consistent data on long-term survival of SEC in patients with AxSpA and PsA in routine clinical practice, the investigators wrote.

They therefore performed a multicenter retrospective observational study of patients with AxSpa or PsA who were prescribed and received at least 1 dose of SEC. The primary end points were AEs and drug retention rates.

Altogether, 154 patients were included in the study: 59 had PsA and the remaining 95 patients had AxSpA. The overall disease duration was 6.5 years, and most of the enrollees (61%) had previously been treated with at least 2 biologics before being prescribed SEC.

After 1 year, the data showed that 66% of patients were still taking SEC. However, by the end of the second year, the retention rate was 43%. Those who quit primarily stopped taking SEC due to lack of efficacy (59%), and 36% said they stopped the therapy because of AEs. Nearly three-quarters (71%) of patients who quit the therapy due to AEs did so in the first 6 months of treatment.

The most common AEs were gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, which occurred in 6 patients and included symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. There were 2 cases of Crohn disease. All 6 patients with GI AEs withdrew, as did 4 of 5 patients who reported infections. Five patients had disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and all 5 withdrew as well.

Queiro and colleagues found a number of factors that made a patient less likely to discontinue SEC, and these included male gender, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The investigators said the finding that obesity was linked with better drug survival was interesting, since previous reports have suggested patients who are obese and who have psoriasis tend to have a poor therapeutic response to SEC.

However, we found that obesity, and other components of metabolic syndrome, were predictors of longer survival for SEC therapy, they wrote. Therefore, SEC could be a good therapeutic choice in obese patients with AxSpA and PsA as opposed to [tumor necrosis factor inhibitor] agents.

Factors associated with discontinuation included number of previous biologics and depression.

Queiro and colleagues acknowledged some limitations, including the relatively small sample size and the retrospective nature of the study. They said their findings ought to be replicated in larger cohorts, but that they still show SEC appears to be performing well in clinical practice.

Treatment persistence has been optimal even in third line treatment, independent of underlying disease, and obesity does not seem a marker of poor treatment response, they concluded.

Reference

Alonso S, Villa I, Fernndez S, et al. Multicenter study of secukinumab survival and safety in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: SEcukinumab in Cantabria and ASTURias study. Front Med (Lausanne). Published online May 26, 2021. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.679009

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Trend Expected to Guide Psoriasis Drug Market from 2019-2026: Growth Analysis by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application. KSU | The Sentinel…

Posted: at 11:38 pm

Psoriasis Drug Market Growth Opportunities and Forecast to 2026:

The Global Psoriasis Drug Market industry research report begins with an elementary prologue to Psoriasis Drug showcases alongside product definition, product scope, market overview, product characterization, and specification. The global Psoriasis Drug Market was valued at a billion USD in 2018 and is expected to reach a billion USD by 2026 with an anticipated CAGR of during the forecast period, 20192026. The information mentioned in the Global Psoriasis Drug Market research report presents an overview of the latest trends observed in the global market. Besides, this intelligence study focuses on the latest events such as the technological developments and the product launches and their consequences on the Global Psoriasis Drug Market. Furthermore, the research report presents the potential industry supply, market demand, market value, market competition, key market players and the industry estimate from 2019-2026.

Grab a Free Sample PDF copy of the Psoriasis Drug Market Report 2019 @ https://straitsresearch.com/report/Psoriasis Drug-Market/request-sample

The Major Players Covered in this Report: Amgen Inc., Celgene Corporation, AbbVie Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer are some of the key market players.

These players are focusing on expanding their business in developing countries or emerging markets, like India, China, and South Korea, through coalitions and acquisitions for the development of novel products. The development of biosimilars is more commonly adopted By these companies. & More.

A comprehensive analysis of contemporary trends, demand spectrum, growth rate, and key region-wise Psoriasis Drug market exploration has also been embodied in this report. There are speculations about Global Psoriasis Drug Market to strongly dominate the global economy with a substantial growth rate in the coming years. Promptly developing industry infrastructure, increased product commercialization, and drifting demands of the Psoriasis Drug are strengthening Psoriasis Drug industrys footholds to become more influential and significantly contribute in international revenue generation.

The report is a valued asset for the active players, new participants, and future investors, and provides a comprehensive assessment across regions such as:

Growing Domestic Demand and Expanding Pharmaceutical Sector to Drive the Demand for Psoriasis Drug in the APAC RegionAsia-Pacific region is anticipated to hold the largest market share in the global Psoriasis Drug market during the forecast period 2017-2026. The growth in this region can be attributed to the presence of emerging economies like India, China, Japan, Vietnam, and Indonesia, which account for the largest share in this region. India is one of the largest producers of Psoriasis Drug and a major exporter of the product to various countries across the globe. India accounts for around 80% of the worlds exports of Psoriasis Drug. The favorable climatic conditions and growth of agricultural inputs and allied services like cold storage and warehousing in India are prompting higher production.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the on trade segment and Industry. Manufacturers are comprehending strategies to revive from the current situation by means of reshaping their sales channels as well as product innovation. The duration of the virus outbreak remains a key factor in assessing the overall impact of the pandemic. However, the global Railway Suspension System industry is expected to stabilize after 2019. The liquor industry was not impacted severely due to the pandemic.

Full Report Link @ https://straitsresearch.com/report/Psoriasis Drug-market

2 Research Methodology2.1 Primary Research2.2 Research Methodology2.3 Assumptions & Exclusions2.4 Secondary Data Sources

3 Executive Summary4 Market Overview4.1 Report Segmentation & Scope4.2 Value Chain Analysis: AR and VR Headset Market4.2.1 Vendor Matrix4.3 Key Market Trends4.3.1 Drivers4.3.2 Restraints4.3.3 Opportunities4.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers4.4.3 Threat of Substitution4.4.4 Threat of New Entrants4.4.5 Competitive Rivalry4.5 Environment & Regulatory Landscape4.6 Forecast Factors & Relevance of Impact4.7 Macro-Economic & Geopolitical Scenario4.8 Parent Market Overview4.9 Technology Landscape4.10 Market Share Analysis4.11 Potential Venture Analysis4.12 Regional Price Trends4.13 Raw Material Trends4.14 Covid-19 Impact Analysis4.14.1 Pre Covid-19 Market Scenario Analysis4.14.2 Post Covid-19 Market Scenario Analysis4.14.3 Measures Taken by Top Players4.14.4 Quarterly Market Revenue and Growth Forecast till 20194.15 Cost Structure Analysis4.15.1 Labor Cost4.15.2 Consumables4.15.3 Maintenance Cost

5 Type Overview5.1 Introduction5.1.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)5.2 AR Headset5.2.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)5.3 VR Headset5.3.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)5.4 AR/VR Headset5.4.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)

6 Product Type Overview6.1 Introduction6.1.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)6.2 Standalone6.2.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)6.3 Tethered6.3.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)6.4 Screenless Viewer6.4.1 Market Size & Forecast (Value & Volume)Continue..

StraitsResearch:(straitsresearch.com) is a leading market research and market intelligence organization, specializing in research, analytics, and advisory services along with providing business insights & market research reports.

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Trend Expected to Guide Psoriasis Drug Market from 2019-2026: Growth Analysis by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application. KSU | The Sentinel...

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Psoriasis Market 2021-Competitive Insights: Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer Inc., Johnson and Johnson (Janssen Global Services, LLC), Novartis AG The…

Posted: at 11:38 pm

Psoriasis Marketresearch report is the new statistical data source added byOneup Business Insights.

In 2019, the global Psoriasis Market size was xx million US$ and it is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during 2020-2025.

Note In order to provide more accurate market forecast, all our reports will be updated before delivery by considering the impact of COVID-19.

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Top key players @ Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer Inc., Johnson and Johnson (Janssen Global Services, LLC), Novartis AG, and Amgen Inc.

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This report provides pinpoint analysis for changing competitive dynamics. It offers a forward-looking perspective on different factors driving or limiting market growth. It provides a five-year forecast assessed on the basis of how they Psoriasis Market is predicted to grow. It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future and helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments.

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What are the challenges to market growth?

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What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the Global Psoriasis Market?

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It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

TABLE OF CONTENT:

1 Report Overview

2 Global Growth Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application

5 United States

6 Europe

7 China

8 Japan

9 Southeast Asia

10 India

11 Central & South America

12 International Players Profiles

13 Market Forecast 2019-2025

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

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Psoriasis Market 2021-Competitive Insights: Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer Inc., Johnson and Johnson (Janssen Global Services, LLC), Novartis AG The...

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Study States That Diet Rich in Sugar and Fat Contributes to Skin & Joint Inflammation – Bel Marra Health

Posted: at 11:38 pm

New research shows that switching from a Western diet to a balanced diet could help you reduce skin and joint inflammation. The study led by UC Davis Health researchers states that the reduction may be due to a better-balanced gut microbial culture.

Published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, the study suggests that cutting out sugar and fat and consuming a more balanced diet can help you restore gut health, which can suppress skin inflammation that may otherwise contribute to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition linked to the bodys immune system. Healthy skin cells are attacked mistakenly by immune cells, which cause skin inflammation and the formation of scales and itchy red patches.

Approximately 30% of patients with psoriasis also have psoriatic arthritis, which causes morning stiffness and fatigue, pain in joints, swollen fingers and toes, and changes to nails.

Previous studies have shown how diet can influence psoriasis through microbial balance in the intestines and skin inflammation. Consuming a traditional Western diet can cause a rapid change to the guts microbial community and its functions. This disruption, called dysbiosis, can contribute to gut inflammation.

For the new study, researchers wanted to test whether intestinal dysbiosis affects skin and joint inflammation. A mouse model was used to study the effects of diet on psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The mice were injected with Interleukin-23 (IL-23) minicircle DNA to induce a response mimicking psoriasis-like skin and joint diseases.

IL-23 is a protein created by the immune cells responsible for many inflammatory autoimmune reactions. This includes psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Researchers found that a short-term Western diet appears sufficient to cause microbial imbalance and to enhance susceptibility to IL-23 proteins that can lead to skin inflammation.

There is a clear link between skin inflammation and changes in the gut microbiome due to food intake, said Sam T. Hwang, study author. The bacterial balance in the gut disrupted shortly after starting a Western diet, and worsened psoriatic skin and joint inflammation.

The study went on to show that eating a diet high in sugar and fat is a major contributor to skin and joint inflammation. However, it can be changed by switching to a more balanced diet. The improvement in skin inflammation seen in mice taken off the Western diet indicated a short-term impact of the Western diet on skin inflammation.

Researchers concluded the study by suggesting that changes in diet could partially reverse the proinflammatory effects and alteration of gut microbiota caused by the Western diet.

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Study States That Diet Rich in Sugar and Fat Contributes to Skin & Joint Inflammation - Bel Marra Health

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Fantasy Baseball Priority Pickups: Adding Jarren Duran ahead of the rush – Yahoo Sports

Posted: at 11:36 pm

You have roster needs, we have sensible solutions. All players featured here are available in a majority of Yahoo leagues and all can (hopefully) help your fantasy squad. Let's go prospecting...

Let's get ahead of the next buzzy call-up by getting Duran stashed today right now. Do it.

Duran has homered six times in his last 12 games, including a walk-off opposite-field bomb on Sunday:

He's up to 13 homers on the season at Triple-A along with seven steals, plus he's slashing .291/.381/.634. That level of production is juuuust a bit better than what Red Sox center-fielders have accomplished to this point. Duran has been an effective base-stealer in previous seasons (46 SB in 2019), then he used his alternate training site time to add strength and rework his swing. The end result is a potential multi-category fantasy contributor who should get a look in the big leagues very soon.

It's possible that the organization will allow him to have the Olympics experience, but team needs will presumably be the priority.

What are we even doing here, people? The starting first baseman for the Rockies is available in nearly 60 percent of Yahoo leagues? This is a complete failure of fantasy process. Cron has hit five homers in his last nine games, he's scored 30 runs and driven in 29 on the year and he's slashing .271/.372/.489. He obviously does his home hitting in the friendliest possible environment, so there are plenty more bombs ahead. If you play in a league in which you need to fill both a CI and UTIL spot, Cron needs to be rostered by someone. You shouldn't need a licensed fantasy professional to tell you that Cron can reach 30 homers in a healthy season.

Nope, I will not stop pushing Wong as a fantasy add. It's basically my brand. He's back from the DL, again leading off for the Brewers, and he's gone 6-for-18 with two homers, four runs, and four RBIs over his last four games. He's batting a respectable .281 with six homers and five steals. Wong swiped 24 bags in 2019, so he's a solid contributor in a tricky category. Ideally, you'll get your steals from players who aren't simply one-stat specialists.

Story continues

Fulmer's numbers in relief this season have been plenty good: 26.1 IP, 35 Ks, 6 BB, 2.73 ERA, 1.22 WHIP, 6 SV. He's also a closer who can be slotted at SP, which is often helpful. If you have no use for additional saves in your fantasy life ... well, wow. Most of us are not so well positioned. At this point, Fulmer deserves an active spot in nearly all mixed leagues.

Minor has maintained his K-rate from last season (92 Ks in 86.1 IP) while reducing the walks and delivering a perfectly playable 1.18 WHIP. He's throwing his fastball less often and the curve a bit more ...

... and the whole arsenal is generally working. He's issued no more than one walk in each of his last five starts, which helps the fantasy ratios in no small way. Minor has a not-too-intimidating series of starts ahead of the all-star break (at Tex, at Bos, Cin, at Cle), so he's on the approved list for streaming.

Look, you don't have to fully embrace the Bucs, but let's recognize the fact that Brubaker has been sneaky-good. He's struck out 72 batters over 71.2 innings and produced a 3.77 ERA and 1.12 WHIP. Those numbers will play. He's kept his walk rate low this season (1.88 BB/9) and given us four starts with at least seven Ks. As with Minor, stream him as needed.

We opened with a prospect, so let's end with another. Greene just K'd six batters over 5.0 scoreless innings on Wednesday, which is a pretty standard day at the office for him. He whiffed eight over 4.0 frames in his Triple-A debut last week:

Yup, that's 104 mph. One-oh-four. Whenever he arrives in Cincinnati, he'll immediately be a must-add fantasy arm. Consider getting ahead of the mob and stashing now.

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Fantasy Baseball Priority Pickups: Adding Jarren Duran ahead of the rush - Yahoo Sports

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The Possible Evolution of an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere – Eos

Posted: at 11:36 pm

Small terrestrial planets, where we might find life outside of our solar system, are profoundly impacted by atmosphere loss. We have no idea how common atmospheric restoration is, but it is going to be important in the long-term study of potential habitable worlds.Researchers have long been curious about how atmospheres on rocky exoplanets might evolve. The evolution of our own atmosphere is one model: Earths primordial atmosphere was rich in hydrogen and helium, but our planets gravitational grip was too weak to prevent these lightest of elements from escaping into space. Researchers want to know whether the atmospheres on Earth-like exoplanets experience a similar evolution.

By analyzing spectroscopic data taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, Mark Swain and his team were able to describe one scenario for atmospheric evolution on Gliese 1132 b (GJ 1132 b), a rocky exoplanet similar in size and density to Earth. In a new study published in the Astronomical Journal, Swain and his colleagues suggest that GJ 1132 b has restored its hydrogen-rich atmosphere after having lost it early in the exoplanets history.

Small terrestrial planets, where we might find life outside of our solar system, are profoundly impacted by atmosphere loss, said Swain, a research scientist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. We have no idea how common atmospheric restoration is, but it is going to be important in the long-term study of potential habitable worlds.

GJ 1132 b closely orbits the red dwarf Gliese 1132, about 40 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Vela. Using Hubbles Wide Field Camera 3, Swain and his team gathered transmission spectrum data as the planet transited in front of the star four times. They checked for the presence of an atmosphere with a tool called Exoplanet Calibration Bayesian Unified Retrieval Pipeline (EXCALIBUR). To their surprise, they detected an atmosphere on GJ 1132 bone with a remarkable composition.

Atmosphere can come back, but we were not expecting to find the second atmosphere rich in hydrogen, said Raissa Estrela, a postdoctoral fellow at JPL and a contributing author on the paper. We expected a heavier atmosphere, like the nitrogen-rich one on Earth.

To explain the presence of hydrogen in the atmosphere, researchers considered the evolution of the exoplanets surface, including possible volcanic activity. Like early Earth, GJ 1132 b was likely initially covered by magma. As such planets age and cool, denser substances sink down to the core and mantle and lighter substances solidify as crust and create a rocky surface.

Swain and his team proposed that a portion of GJ 1132 bs primordial atmosphere, rather than being lost to space, was absorbed by its magmatic sea before the exoplanets interior differentiated. As the planet aged, its thin crust would have acted as a cap on the hydrogen-infused mantle below. If tidal heating prevented the mantle from crystallizing, the trapped hydrogen would escape slowly through the crust and continually resupply the emerging atmosphere.

This may be the first paper that explores an observational connection between the atmosphere of a rocky exoplanet and some of the [contributing] geologic processes, said Swain. We were able to make a statement that there is outgassing [that has been] more or less ongoing because the atmosphere is not sustainable. It requires replenishment.

I find the idea of a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere to be a really implausible story.Not everyone agrees.

I find the idea of a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere to be a really implausible story, said Raymond Pierrehumbert, Halley Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, who did not contribute to the study.

Pierrehumbert pointed to a preprint article from a team of scientists led by Lorenzo V. Mugnai, a Ph.D. student in astrophysics at Sapienza University of Rome. Mugnais team examined the same data from GJ 1132 b as Swains did, but did not identify a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.

According to Pierrehumbert, the devil is in the details of how the data were analyzed. Most notably, Mugnais team used different software (Iraclis) to analyze the Hubble transit data. Later, Mugnai and his group repeated their analysis using another set of tools (Calibration of Transit Spectroscopy Using Causal Data, or CASCADe) when they saw how profoundly different their findings were.

We used two different software programs to analyze the space telescope data, said Mugnai. Both of them lead us to the same answer; its different from the one found in [Swains] work.

Another preprint article, by a team led by University of Colorado graduate student Jessica Libby-Roberts, supported Mugnais findings. That study, which also used the Iraclis pipeline, ruled out the presence of a cloud-free, hydrogen- or helium-dominated atmosphere on GJ 1132 b. The analysis did not negate an atmosphere on the planet, just one detectable by Hubble (i.e., hydrogen-rich). This group proposed a secondary atmosphere with a high metallicity (similar to Venus), an oxygen-dominated atmosphere, or perhaps no atmosphere at all.

The research groups led by Swain and Mugnai have engaged in constructive conversations to identify the reason for the differences, specifically why the EXCALIBUR, Iraclis, and CASCADe software pipelines are producing such different results.

We are very proud and happy of this collaboration, said Mugnai. Its proof of how different results can be used to learn more from each other and help the growth of [the entire] scientific community.

I think both [of our] teams are really motivated by a desire to understand whats going on, said Swain.

Every rocky exoplanet is a world of possibilities. JWST is expected to provide the first opportunity to search for signs of habitability and biosignatures in the atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets. We are on the brink of beginning to answer [many of] these questions.According to Pierrehumbert, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) may offer a solution to this quandary. JWST will allow for the detection of atmospheres with higher molecular weights, like the nitrogen-dominated atmosphere on Earth. If GJ 1132 b lacks an atmosphere, JWSTs infrared capabilities may even allow scientists to observe the planets surface. If there are magma pools or volcanism going on, those areas will be hotter, Swain explained in a statement. That will generate more emission, and so theyll be looking potentially at the actual geologic activitywhich is exciting!

GJ 1132 b is slated for two observational passes when JWST comes online. Kevin Stevenson, a staff astronomer at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, a postdoctoral fellow there, will lead the teams.

Every rocky exoplanet is a world of possibilities, said Lustig-Yaeger. JWST is expected to provide the first opportunity to search for signs of habitability and biosignatures in the atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets. We are on the brink of beginning to answer [many of] these questions.

Stacy Kish (@StacyWKish), Science Writer

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The Possible Evolution of an Exoplanet's Atmosphere - Eos

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Symbiosis instead of evolution: A new idea about the nature of human intelligence – TechTalks

Posted: at 11:36 pm

By Oleksandr Kostikov

Could it be that all AI (artificial intelligence) developers are wrong?

Imagine you have a radio. You use it with ease, and sometimes, you make simple repairs. But what if you want to create a new radio receiver? To do this, you would have to fully understand the design details. You would need to understand not only how the volume control and power supply work, but also where the music comes from.

Likewise, creators of artificial intelligence need to first try to understand how natural intelligence works. Otherwise, instead of a radio, they may end up with a boring and monotonous player.

Everyone thinks that the human brain is a kind of biological computing machine that works according to certain algorithms, and if so, it means that intelligence can be compiled using two simple tools: high computing power and a set of complex algorithms.

In fact, everything is not at all that simple

Neurophysiologists have thoroughly studied the reflex, a stereotypical reaction of a living organism to any external influence. The reflex is not just a scheme of functional activity. It is the basic principle of the organization of any nervous system of a biological type. By itself, it really resembles the principle of the algorithm.

But all this is true only if we are talking about a relatively simple nervous system. With human intelligence, everything is much more complicated.

What is the difference?

Reflex is the standard in neurophysiology. Its basis is the reflex arc, which can be schematically depicted as the response of motor neurons to a stimulus received from sensory neurons. As soon as a stimulus appears, the living organism acts. It is important to understand that the number of neurons participating in the reflex arc and the complexity of the motor reaction do not change the essence of the reflex in any way.

A reflex is always a clear and predetermined sequence: stimulus (neural network) reaction. With the help of a reflex, the nervous system acts according to a pre-selected pattern designed to respond to a specific situation. In other words, a reflex is a kind of stereotype or a tactic of actions within the paradigm of occurring events.

The human brain, like the brain of any other living organism, often operates according to the traditional pattern of reflex responses, except in situations where consciousness or intellect is used to make decisions.

At this moment, everything changes!

If our brain uses an intelligent (intellectual) reaction scheme to respond to an external stimulus, the first thing that becomes necessary is to form an abstract image with which we identify the surrounding reality.

Simply put, we must first understand what is going on.

This is how we interpret what we feel. The created abstract scheme and the subsequent dynamic modeling of the development of the situation form a solution in the form of a sequence of actions that the brain transmits as commands to motor neurons.

Intellect always and in any situation creates its own reality and virtually stands above the process itself invented by itself. So, the mind can identify itself and realize that it really exists. The resulting effect of this model is the ability of our brain to create images and situations that are completely divorced from objective reality and even contradict sensory information entering the brain.

Simply put, the reflex is always inside the situation and is looking for the simplest and most effective way out, and the mind (intellect), on the contrary, is always outside and itself models its vision of the problem and the ways to solve it.

It turns out that intellect (stream of consciousness) and reflex are fundamentally different reaction schemes.

This means that the human brain is a binary system consisting of two functional circuits for responding to arousal. Formally, the reflex system is a subordinate part, but in practice, reflexes are responsible for most of our nervous activity. The stream of consciousness can control only some actions. At the same time, the division of response schemes is so clear that most of the functions of the reflex system, such as controlling the work of the digestive system, cardiovascular, endocrine, and respiratory systems, remained completely inaccessible for conscious or intellectual control.

Mind and reflex are not just different functional schemes for organizing neural activitythey are, in fact, opposite models that cannot be mixed even when we force the brain to sequentially switch the reaction scheme from reflex to consciousness and back in the simplest situations.

You can check this with a simple experiment.

You need to sit near the monitor or just in front of the lamp and ask your assistant to turn on the light unexpectedly for you. In response to the flash, you need to press the button as quickly as possible, which will fix the time between the flash of light and your mechanical reaction in pressing the button. After short training repetitions, you will bring your reaction to automaticity and will be able to react at a speed of 200-220 milliseconds. This is a simple example of a reflex. Your brain uses the standard neural organization scheme for any living organism.

If after that, you try to apply your intellect and intentionally delay the keypress by a little, something amazing will happen. With all the efforts of your brain and no matter how hard you try, you cannot press a button in, say, 250 or 350 milliseconds. Even 400 and 450 (twice the interval) will remain completely inaccessible to you. The closest value you can intellectually give is at least 550 milliseconds.

The task, conditions of the external environment, and the brain remain the same. But a different functional system will cause a drop in the maximum reaction rate by almost three times. The huge, 0.3-second delay shows what it means to realize and turn on the intellect.

In fact, this time difference, which almost no researcher pays attention to, is of great importance.

The speed of movement of a nerve impulse along large fibers of the human nervous system is approximately 100120 meters per second. Therefore, during a delay of almost a third of a second, the signal will have time to travel 3040 meters.

Such a delay is a death sentence in a competitive environment. Human consciousness or intellectual schema is hopelessly lagging the reflex. From the point of view of evolution, this is an unacceptable and extremely harmful change that can in no way appear in the conditions of a real struggle for survival.

The evolutionary process involves sequential change, when new organs or functions provide an immediate competitive advantage, which increases the chance of survival and procreation. Otherwise, new traits have no chance of gaining a foothold in the population.

But we do exist and think. How did it happen?

A reflex is a simple and extremely fast way of reacting, a kind of ideal tactician. On the contrary, the mind is a slow and, in fact, a mechanism for abstract problem solving, divorced from reality, a kind of strategist.

Schematically, we can represent the mind as a rider on a horse. The horse in this example will symbolize the reflex activity of the brain. Not being able to control the movement of the horses legs, the intellect controls only the direction of movement. While the horse (reflex system), in principle, is not able to understand the motivation and purpose of the rider (intellect).

Such a binary system very clearly corresponds to the biological scheme of symbiosis when we are dealing with a binary organism. In this case, intelligence is not the result of gradual evolutionary changes, but an additional functional system that appeared suddenly and did not go through the standard process of evolutionary consolidation. The second or intellectual part of the human central nervous system behaves like a classical symbiont, which, in a limited volume, has received the ability to control the first (reflex) evolutionary formed part of the nervous system.

This has already happened in biological history.

In evolutionary theory, there are three proven cases of symbiotic interactions between two organisms, which eventually created biological constructs of a new type.

This happened when the cell nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts appeared. Each time, evolution did not follow the path of gradual changes, but the method of combining ancient cells into one new biological system with completely new capabilities.

It turns out that intelligence is not at all a happy coincidence, but the result of a rather originalbut at the same time standardevolutionary technique.

This is a very important conclusion that will allow us to get an answer to the main question: how to create realistic artificial intelligence.

In a future article, I will analyze the energy and functional features of the intellectual system of our brain and try to understand the details of unification: symbiosis.

As a result, it will become clear to us how the technology will be created that can build strong AI of a completely new type.

About the author

Dr. Oleksandr Kostikov is a medical doctor by education. He previously worked in a research group dealing with molecular systems in human neocortex synapses at the Department of Physiology of the State Medical University and the Department of Physics of the Ivan Franko University in Lviv, Ukraine. He is now in Canada, where he is working on a new theoretical concept about the nature of intelligence but also allows that aims to to create a completely new unusual type of artificial intelligence.

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Daily Archives: June 24, 2021

Cimzia and Dosage: Strength, Forms, When to Use, and More – Healthline

Severe Psoriasis Market 2021 Size, Status and Global Outlook Amgen, Inc., AbbVie Inc., Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and…

Defra group research and innovation interests – GOV.UK

Secukinumab Retention High in Real-world Study of Patients With PsA, AxSpA – AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

Trend Expected to Guide Psoriasis Drug Market from 2019-2026: Growth Analysis by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application. KSU | The Sentinel…

Psoriasis Market 2021-Competitive Insights: Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer Inc., Johnson and Johnson (Janssen Global Services, LLC), Novartis AG The…

Study States That Diet Rich in Sugar and Fat Contributes to Skin & Joint Inflammation – Bel Marra Health

Fantasy Baseball Priority Pickups: Adding Jarren Duran ahead of the rush – Yahoo Sports

The Possible Evolution of an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere – Eos

Symbiosis instead of evolution: A new idea about the nature of human intelligence – TechTalks

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