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Monthly Archives: May 2017
In Trump World, Wouldn’t It Be Great If The First Amendment Was As … – Plunderbund
Posted: May 9, 2017 at 3:07 pm
Its too bad that the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution is not deemed as important as the Second, at least to the present occupant of the White House.
And his party.
Last week, President Donald Trump flew to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to lead a campaign rally of his followers. I could not possibly be more thrilled than to be more than 100 miles away from Washington swamp with much, much better people, he told the crowd in the state capitals Farm Show Complex and Expo Center.
In Trump World, the less desirable people left behind were 2,700 well-dressed denizens of that swamp, otherwise known as the White House Correspondents Association, as they gathered in the ballroom of the Washington Hilton Hotel on Connecticut Avenue. Trump is the first president to miss this annual event since 1981 when Ronald Reagan, who was recovering after an assassination attempt, nevertheless called in to extend greetings to the assembled.
Trump only had to travel 1.5 miles from 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the hotel, but chose to create an event where he could, yet again, bash the media. Instead, he went to Harrisburg. And to add insult to First Amendment injury, the day before, he appeared in Atlanta and addressed the annual convention of the National Rifle Association, an organization which robustly uses the First Amendment to promote the Second.
Where Richard Nixon once said that the press is your enemy, Trump is following in his footsteps. In slightly more than 100 days, Trump has unleashed a torrent of vitriol against those who work with words. Whether its the failing New York Times, dishonest reporters, or fake news in general, we are enduring a continuous episode of the surreal Reality Show hosted by that veteran showman, veteran self-promoter, veteran Atlantic City Boardwalk pitchman, but, most importantly, political rookie Donald Trump. Yes, Trump the rookie, the supreme narcissist who skipped the minor leagues by not running for sheriff, mayor, or Congress but thinks he can be successful in the majors by starting at the very top.
When you examine his often volatile reaction to critical news coverage, the rookie element and glaring inexperience is telling.
Trump, who must be a frequent patient of dermatologists due to his incredibly thin skin, has spent a lifetime threatening others with lawsuits. Now, his Chief of Staff, Reince Priebus, dropped a not so subtle warning that the administration is examining current libel law to allow the president to sue publications for stories he does not like. According to Talking Points Memo:
Indeed, the President often said during the Presidential campaign, and since, that he wished to change libel laws so that he would be able to sue for purposefully negative, and horrible and false articles and hit pieces.
The Supreme Court has ruled that libel damages can be awarded to public officials only as a result of actual malice. Unintentional factual inaccuracies are protected by the First Amendment, as is speech critical of the President.
As observers of this slow-motion train wreck of an administration, we see its attempts to pivot on major stories and scandals that are damaging and show the incompetence, conflicts-of-interest, and perhaps most damaging of all, its compromised nature due to Russian involvement in the election campaign. There is no hope for change, as behavior modification therapy will not work for Trump and his ghastly crew. The only question at this point might be if the train stops completely through resignation or impeachment.
As part of the cleanup of the mess created by Trump and his attacks on the First Amendment, it should be an expectation that future presidents, regardless of party, will tone down the homage extended to the NRA and instead honor the threshold importance of the First Amendment by appearing at the meetings of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, News Media Alliance, or even the Society of Professional Journalists . The damage caused by Trump and the shrill atmosphere created by the attacks on free speech and constitutional guarantees should demand no less.
We should hope.
In what seems another time and certainly a very different country, President John F. Kennedy felt it necessary to address the American Newspaper Publishers Association, now called the News Media Alliance, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York on April 27, 1961. The president spoke a little more than a week after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba, assome in the Kennedy Administration felt that clues about the impending invasion were published in some major papers, possibly giving the Castro regime advance notice of the military action.
At the very beginning of his address, President Kennedy provided some ambiguity as to what was the purpose of his speech:
I have selected as the title of my remarks tonight The President and the Press. Some may suggest that this would be more naturally worded The President Versus the Press. But those are not my sentiments
The words that follow are provided here as a model for what a future, sane, and thoughtful president might say to the country as a way to provide a denouement on the damage caused by the Trump Administration in its challenge of the very role and purpose of an independent press and media.
President Kennedy continued:
No President should fear public scrutiny of his program. For from that scrutiny comes understanding, and from that understanding comes support or opposition. And both are necessary. I am not asking your newspapers to support the Administration, but I am asking your help in the tremendous task of informing and alerting the American people. For I have complete confidence in the response and dedication of our citizens whenever they are fully informed.
In perhaps the most eerie part of this long-ago speech, Kennedy might have looked into the future, offering a clear rationale for the very idea of a Fourth Estate, and by doing so providing the country with an antidote to act against the emergence of an authoritarian, Trump-like figure.
Without debate, without criticism, no Administration and no country can succeed and no republic can survive. That is why the Athenian lawmaker Solon decreed it a crime for any citizen to shrink from controversy. And that is why our press was protected by the First Amendment the only business in America specifically protected by the Constitution not primarily to amuse and entertain, not to emphasize the trivial and the sentimental, not to simply give the public what it wants but to inform, to arouse, to reflect, to state our dangers and our opportunities, to indicate our crises and our choices, to lead, mold, educate and sometimes even anger public opinion.
In our present time, it is the American public that is angry about the course of the country and the shrill tone of the president. The media only mirrors that anger and skepticism, yet Trump has labeled it the enemy.
He is wrong. Anyone who would attempt to intimidate the media or threaten to craft more restrictive libel laws as a way to undercut the First Amendment is the enemy of any citizen, irrespective of political persuasion.
It was Thomas Jeffersons belief that an informed citizenry is at the heart of a dynamic democracy. Likewise, it is also accurate to assert that in its watchdog and surveillance function, our nations media is performing quite well in informing and thus arming the citizenry against possible tyranny by a potentially authoritarian government.
Once upon a time, we had a thoughtful, articulate, dynamic president who spoke in complete sentences and who helped to define the role of a free press in the twentieth century. What he reminded us about was that there was only one type of business in this country that is afforded constitutional protection, yet it falls upon us in the twenty-first century to protect that business from presidential threats and intimidation, and, if necessary, peacefully assemble to prevent a coercive, powerful government from sustaining such threats.
Let us inform our political leaders in the executive and legislative branches that we can peacefully assemble without threat of arms, and that the pen in the form of a constitutionally protected media is mightier than the sword posed by the NRA and Second Amendment devotees.
We must therefore inform the uninformed President Trump that the First Amendment precedes the Second and is thus the most important guarantor of a free society. No other countervailing force, not Trump or the NRA, can change that.
For the future of this society, it cannot be any other way.
____________ Denis Smith is a retired school administrator and a former consultant in the Ohio Department of Educations charter school office. He writes about education issues as well as politics and constitutional reform.
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In Trump World, Wouldn't It Be Great If The First Amendment Was As ... - Plunderbund
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The White House Correspondents’ Association and the First Amendment – American Spectator
Posted: at 3:07 pm
Editorial note: A shorter, word-length-appropriate version of this opinion column was submitted to the Washington Post. It was rejected. Every outlet always and should always have the right to accept or reject material according to their own editorial standards. Yet under the circumstances, with the subject at the White House Correspondents Dinner being the First Amendment and with Washington being at the very center of a dispute between the media and President Trump, it would seem a column addressing the subject with fresh, newsworthy comments from three prominent conservatives Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity and The American Spectators own R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr. would be newsworthy. The Post disagreed. Which my own editorial comment here should highlight yet again just why the rise of conservative media and why President Trump gets applauded at rallies by so many Americans who, like the President, believe the mainstream media to be dishonest in its coverage.
The banner was hard to miss.
Hanging high above the head table of the White House Correspondents Dinner, underneath the name of the group was this line in all caps:
CELEBRATING THE FIRST AMENDMENT
Not to be an impolite guest (I was present courtesy of CNN) but the question that I had when I saw this banner was: Really?
In the course of the evening Watergates journalistic heroes Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein spoke, with Woodward saying Mr. President, the media is not fake news. Bernstein made a point of saying that what was always needed was The best obtainable version of the truth, adding Yes, follow the money, but follow, also, the lies. This latter theme was also that of the WHCA President Jeff Mason of Reuters, who said this in addressing the absent President Trump directly: We are not fake news, we are not failing news organizations and we are not the enemy of the American people.
Meanwhile a 100 miles north in Harrisburg, President Trump was speaking to an arena-full of Americans who cheered him on when he attacked the incompetent, dishonest media and said: If the medias job is to be honest and to tell the truth, the media deserves a very, very big fat failing grade.
What caused me to question the message on that banner, and understand instantly why the Presidents audience cheered him on when he attacked the media, was the absence of two words from anyone on the podium. Those two words: Ann Coulter.
For the better part of a couple weeks Coulter, the conservative columnist, author, and Trump supporter, had been at the very center of a drama that went right to the heart of the First Amendment. Invited to speak at the University of California at Berkeley, she was unable to do so because of the very real threat of violence from the American Left. Let me say that again. An American columnist was denied her First Amendment rights with threats to her physical safety (and that of anyone considering attending her speech) and there was not word one about this from Messrs. Woodward and Bernstein or Mason.
How could such an obvious omission happen? To this conservative the reason was clear. What was on display all evening was not support for the First Amendment but rather support for liberals and their use of the First Amendment.
I decided to ask three prominent conservatives all of whom have had their First Amendment rights targeted over the years whether they have received support from the White House Correspondents Association when they were under attack.
Rush Limbaugh responded to my question as follows:
Of course not. Clinton called me a racist for defending Janet Reno after she was criticized by John Conyers. Rush only defended her because she was being attacked by a black guy. I was at the USA Today table. There was a huge reaction in the whole room. Disbelief and shock. Some embarrassed laughter, mostly groans. Chris Matthews approached me at the end of the dinner and said I could not let that stand, the president of the United States calling you a racist cannot stand.
He (Clinton) also agreed that I was a Big Fat Idiot while honoring Frankens book.
Sean Hannitys response was equally blunt:
1) Not one liberal. Not one speaks vs the weapon of Boycotts used vs conservatives to silence them. I call it Liberal Fascism. An organized and well funded effort to silence political opposition.
2) The media ran with a CHEAP HEADLINE last Saturday and Sunday about me after a false charge was made by a woman who has a nearly 15 year history of telling proven lies about me. 2 days after OReilly fired, she says for the first time ever that in 2003 that I invited her to a hotel room in Detroit.
You would think the media would do just a simple, basic, rudimentary, fundamental GOOGLE SEARCH and not run with such a slanderous headline.
3) Has anyone in the media ever spoken out about the payments being made to individuals to monitor EVERY SINGLE CONSERVATIVE radio and TV host in the hopes the hosts say something that can be used to boycott and silence them? Do they care to examine where these funds come from?
4) Has any liberal ever stood up for any conservative thats been silenced on a college campus?? How many liberals spoke out for Coulter?
I also made the query to the founding editor ofThe American Spectator,where I am a columnist. Long before I began writing for theSpectator,R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr. and theSpectatorwere engaged in numerous investigations of then-President Clinton. One dealt with the Presidents relationships with various women. (It was theSpectatorwhich first brought to light the relationship between then-Governor Clinton and a state employee named Paula later revealed as Paula Jones.) The otherSpectatorinvestigation dealt with assorted charges made about Clinton political dealings in Arkansas. The latter resulted in a recommendation from then-Deputy U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder that The American Spectator itself be investigated by a special prosecutor, an investigation that lasted fourteen months and was a considerable expense in legal fees for a political magazine. There was, Tyrrell tells me, not a word from the White House Correspondents Association defending theSpectators First Amendment rights.
What are these three conservatives saying? In short and they are not alone in the conservative world there is a real belief that support for the First Amendment is situational with liberals and with the White House Correspondents Association. (Or am I repeating myself?)
Whether it is Ann Coulter at Berkeley or left-wing efforts to get Limbaugh and Hannity off the air or the use of the Department of Justice to investigateThe American Spectator or countless incidents on college campuses across the country in each and every case and so many more it seems to be liberals communicating to conservatives that what they really believe is the First Amendment for me but not for thee.
Following the WHCA dinner, the groups president, Mr. Mason, appeared on Tucker Carlsons Fox show to discuss the dinner. The conversation, in part, included this:
Turning to the ideology of the press, Carlson cited astudy published by Politico, which revealed that no registered Republicans were part of the White House press corps.
If you had a White House press corps that was 100 percent middle-aged white men, Carlson told Mason, there would be a full-blown outcry about the lack of diversity and I bet you $100 you would weigh in and say, Youre right, this doesnt look like America.
Do you think its OK that there are zero registered Republicans in the White House press corps? the host asked.
I think whats important is that we have a press corps thats made up of journalists who report the truth and who robustly report on the president of the United States, Mason answered.
Carlson wrapped up the discussion by asking Mason, Is political diversity important to you?
Is diversity important? Of course, Mason said. Is it my job to talk about what journalists in the White House press corps do? Yes. What they do is report the news regardless of what political party controls the White House.
I wish I believed that, Carlson answered. I dont.
That Saturday night at the Washington Hilton I too heard nothing to abuse conservatives of that view. To borrow from my CNN colleague Carl Bernstein, when it comes to the best obtainable version of the truth on liberal support for the First Amendment, for conservatives that support seems far too often to be situational at best.
Which in turn makes it easy to understand exactly why President Trumps attacks on the media received cheers at that rally in Harrisburg.
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The White House Correspondents' Association and the First Amendment - American Spectator
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Another fine First Amendment mess – Lebanon Reporter
Posted: at 3:07 pm
Last year, students at Carmel High School were allowed to put up an anti-abortion sign. This year, a different group of students were told they could not hang a pro-abortion rights sign.
That is discrimination based on viewpoint, and that is a clear violation of the First Amendment. Naturally its time to bring in the American Civil Liberties Union of Indiana and take the school system to court.
Of course the story is a tad more complicated than that, and the episode should serve as a warning for school districts inclined to stray from their mission under the false impression that they must accommodate every student demand for this or that right.
A school is not a microcosm of the country, with students counted as citizens and school officials standing in for the government. A school is a structured learning environment in which anything not aimed at imparting knowledge must be put aside. True, students dont leave their rights at the schoolhouse door, but the rights they have are not the same as a citizens in dealing with government.
If schools choose to ignore that reality, they owe it to students to have clear rules that are widely disseminated and understood. This is what Carmel failed to do.
The school at first took down the anti-abortion sign last year. But was it put it back up for 10 days after the conservative legal group Liberty Counsel threatened legal action, arguing that the school had allowed other ideological messages on signs, including a donkey on a sign for a student club for Democrats and the use of a rainbow and the word pride on signs for a group supporting lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students. The anti-abortion sign said 3,000 Lives Are Ended Each Day and featured the word abortion changed to say adoption.
The school says groups may post signs only if they advertise group meetings. Lawyers for the school district say the new sign did not include the groups name or meeting details, which the sign last year did. But the ACLU, like the Liberty Counsel before, is citing all the previous ideological signs allowed.
Judge Tanya Walton Pratt of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana says the controversy over the new sign opens a can of worms, doesnt it?
Indeed, it does. And its not the students who are at fault.
(Fort Wayne) News-Sentinel.
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Letter: First Amendment rights rudely dismissed at UB – Buffalo News
Posted: at 3:07 pm
First Amendment rights rudely dismissed at UB
Fascists on the political left have once again invaded the University at Buffalo. The schools own independent student publication, the Spectrum, said it all in the headline of a May 2 article: A Campus Divided: Robert Spencers visit met with chaos and opposition.
All kinds of folks, draped dramatically in their own vacuous definitions of supposed rights and alleged abuses, bristled at the prospect of Spencer even being on campus. Yet, notwithstanding an official invitation to speak, his First Amendment rights were rudely dismissed and abused by trolls living in droves under the bridges of modern-day academia. As the article described it, the constant heckling from the crowd made it near impossible for him to complete a full sentence. The vaunted values of inclusion, tolerance, fairness and free speech clearly do not exist on this hate-filled campus.
Let these fascists and their obsequious faculty supporters reap the whirlwind they have sown and dwell in the place for which they clamor. So long as Americans vigorously defend their Constitution, however, such pernicious vermin will not find it here. Caveat civis!
Lee C. Broad
Amherst
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Letter: First Amendment rights rudely dismissed at UB - Buffalo News
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Idaho EdNews wins First Amendment Award – Idaho EdNews
Posted: at 3:07 pm
Idaho Education News won the Idaho Press Clubs First Amendment Award during the annualjournalismbanquet Saturday night in Boise.
Editor Jennifer Swindell and data and policy analyst Randy Schrader won the award for catching the Caldwell School Districts board of trustees violating the states open meeting law when it hired superintendent Shalene French.
The First Amendment Award is given for work by Idaho journalists, in any medium, that advances the cause of freedom of information in Idaho in the public interest.
Kevin Richert also earned an honorable mention in the First Amendment category for a separate story that caught the State Board of Education violating open meeting laws.
Idaho EdNews was honored withseveral other awards Saturday. Journalist Clark Corbin won second place for reporter of the year in the all media category, and Richert was named honorable mention for reporter of the year.
Multimedia journalist Andrew Reed won a first place award for best use of interactivity for his first day of school photo content, and Idaho Education Trends won a first place award in the special purpose website category.
A complete list of awards and winners is available online at the Idaho Press Clubs website.
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Idaho EdNews wins First Amendment Award - Idaho EdNews
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Three vulnerabilities allow spies to detect Tor browsers – Cloud Pro
Posted: at 3:06 pm
Tor, once known only by network nerds, has now become something of a hot topic. This is thanks largely to the anonymous network's reputation for hosting drug marketplaces like Silk Road, and other unsavoury sites.
But what exactly is Tor? What is it good for? Does it have any legitimate uses? And how can those not versed in the finer details of network technologies actually access it?
08/04/2017:The Tor browser discloses information that a determined attacker could potentially use to identify who uses the browser to surf the web, according to a computer forensic expert.
Dr Neal Krawetz revealed the issues in his blog last week, suggesting that instead of masking the identity of the user through layers of encryption, Tor browsers do give away details about the person surfing the dark web.
The first issue Krawetz encountered is to do with the window and screen size. Most browsers set the window size smaller than the screen size but Tor sets the two as the same. This means JavaScript can immediately detect the Tor browser, making the user vulnerable because they can be denied access to the site.
The second issue he found is that the Tor browser tries to size the Window at 1,000 x 1,000 pixels but if the screen is smaller then it chooses a width that is a multiple of 200 pixels and a height that is a multiple of 100 pixels.
However, on Mac OS, the browser sometimes miscalculates the initial Window size, an inconsistent problem that he puts down to the height of the dock. This means that a user can be profiled: if the Tor browser window size is a multiple of 200 across but not a multiple of 100 tall then it is a Tor Browser on Mac OS X.
The third and last issue is to do with the scrollbar size in the Tor browser. The browser does not normalise the viewport size, so if scrollbars are displayed then the viewport size can be subtracted from the windows size to find out the thickness of scrollbars. This can then be used to find out which operating system a user is on, as different OS's and desktops use different default thicknesses.
Krawetz pointed out the scrollbar thickness for a number of platforms, including: "The Tor browser on MacOS 10.11 uses a default thickness of 15 pixels. The Tor browser on Windows 7/8/10 uses scrollbars that are 17 pixels thick. The Tor browseron Linux uses scrollbars that are 10-16 pixels thick."
He then said that if you can detect the Tor browser - as possible in the first issue, and the scrollbars are 17 pixels thick, then you can work out that it's the Tor browser on Windows. He added: "If the scrollbars are 15 pixels thick, then it's either Linux or Mac OS X (check the window height to distinguish Mac from Linux; see issue #2). And any other thickness denotes Linux."
Krawetz stated how hard it is to report an error to the Tor Project. Even though the project asks on its website and Twitter for users to report security issues, when he has he has usually been met with silence. "Over the last few years, I've tried to report some of these profiling methods (and solutions) to the Tor Project, but each time has resulted in failure," he wrote."Often, my attempts to report a vulnerability or profiling risk has been met with silence."
03/04/2017:Tor browser will rely on more Rust code
The Tor browser will take greater advantage of the Rust programming language developed by Mozilla to keep user interactions more secure, it has been revealed.
Although Tor developers have been gunning for the news for a long time (since 2014, in fact), the Mozilla-powered code will play a bigger role in the secretive browser's future.
According to Bleeping Computer, Tor developers met last week to discuss the future of the private browser and decided to use more of the C++-based code in future, hoping to replace the majority of its legacy C and C++ base in the coming months or years.
"We didn't fight about Rust or Go or modern C++. Instead, we focused on identifying goals for migrating Tor to a memory-safe language, and how to get there," Tor developer Sebastian Hahn said.
"With that frame of reference, Rust emerged as a extremely strong candidate for the incremental improvement style that we considered necessary."
The reason why it decided to make such a big change was because a tiny mistake in the C programming language used in the current version of Tor could have a huge impact on users, Tor developer Isis Agora Lovecruft said on Twitter.
"A tipping point in our conversation around 'which safe language' is the Tor Browser team needs Rust because more & more Firefox is in Rust. Also the barrier to entry for contributing to large OSS projects written in C is insanely high."
13/12/2016:The first sandboxed version of the Tor Browser was released in alpha last weekend, bringing privacy fans one step closer to secure browsing.
Version 0.0.2 of the software was released by Tor developer Yawning Angel on Saturday, who is tackling the project largely single-handed. Official binaries are yet to be released, but early adopters can take it for a spit by compiling the code themselves from GitHub.
The project has been a labour of love for Yawning Angel. "We never have time to do this," he said back in October. "We have a funding proposal to do this but I decided to do it separately from the Tor Browser team. I've been trying to do this since last year."
The efforts have been given new urgency by a zero-day vulnerability in Firefox. Discovered last month, the error was being used to de-anonymise Tor users, as the browser is heavily based on Firefox code.
Sandboxed instances of Tor are different from the normal version in that they run in a self-contained silo. This means that if an attacker uses an exploit against the browser, the amount of data it can collect through it from the rest of the machine and operating system is limited.
However, Yawning Angel has stressed that the software is still a very early alpha, and cannot be trusted to be entirely secure. "There are several unresolved issues that affect security and fingerprinting," he wrote as part of the software's README.
01/12/2016:A zero day vulnerability found in both Firefox and Tor web browsers has been exploited in the wild, allowing attackers to target users for their IP and MAC addresses.
Internet security firm Malwarebytes first discovered the flaw, which was shown to be almost identical to the one used by the FBI to expose Tor browser users in 2013.
"The exploit took advantage of a bug in Firefox to allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted system by having the victim load a web page containing malicious JavaScript and SVG code," said Daniel Veditz, security lead at Mozilla, in a blog post on Wednesday.
Hackers were able to exploit Tor and Firefox browsers to send user hostnames and IP and MAC addresses to a remote server identified as 5.39.27.226, which has now been taken down.
"The goal is to leak user data with as minimal of a footprint as possible. There's no malicious code downloaded to disk, only shell code is ran directly from memory," said Jerome Segura, lead malware intelligence analyst at Malwarebytes.
"Browsers and their plugins remain the best attack vector to deliver malware or leak data via drive-by attacks," added Segura.
Malwarebytes recommend users adjust the security settings of their Tor browser to 'High' within the privacy settings, which will thwart any similar attacks of this kind. Users running the Malwarebytes Anti-Exploit tool will already by protected from the vulnerability. Both Mozilla and Tor have released patches to address the security flaw.
The term Tor can be used to refer to both the anonymous Tor network and the Tor Browser software used to access it. Designed for privacy and anonymity, it is used by journalists, hackers, privacy campaigners and criminals alike, and with around 2.5 million daily users, its the internets biggest avenue of anonymous online activity,
The systems aim is to prevent a users web activity (such as traffic, communication and search history) from being externally traced, usually by government or law enforcement agencies. Its commonly used to access whats known as the Dark Web hidden servers which are often used to host black market transactions.
Tor was originally known as The Onion Router, so named because it uses onion routing encryption protocols. This essentially functions like pass-the-parcel; data packets sent through Tor are secured with multiple layers of encryption.
They are then sent in a randomised pattern through Tors network of volunteer relay nodes. At each point in the relay, a layer of encryption is peeled away, which reveals the next point in the chain. Once the last layer of encryption has been removed, the data is passed on to its intended destination.
The key factor here is that each relay in the chain can only see the network location of the node immediately before and after it the one it received the data from, and the one its sending it to.
This means that at no point along the chain are both the sender and recipients network details visible at the same time, and thus cant be linked.
Tor is simply a network system, and can be used to provide untraceable access to any internet service or website. Its often used as an innocent precaution by those who dont want their actions traced by increasing levels of online government surveillance.
However, Tor also has a sinister side: the Dark Web. For obvious reasons, the prospect of untraceable web activity has proved very attractive to certain elements of society, and Tor has now become synonymous with varying levels of criminal activity.
Almost all of this activity occurs on servers inaccessible via standard web connections, known as hidden services. These servers are configured to only accept traffic coming from the Tor network, ensuring anonymity for both the servers operator and its users. They are also inaccessible from standard browsers.
Hidden services are extremely popular for the trade and distribution of illegal or objectionable materials. According to a study by Dr. Gareth Owen, narcotics alone are the subject of around 15 per cent of hidden services on the Dark Web, with hacking, fraud and counterfeiting all being popular topics.
Infamous Dark Web marketplaces like Silk Road and Evolution have brought this topic to the fore, and law enforcement agencies are becoming increasingly more aware of these services. The Tor network has apparently remained secure so far, but the US government, in particular, is heavily invested in cracking Tors integrity.
While many use the Deep Web and the Dark Web synonymously, important to note the distinction between the two.
As defined by Michael K. Bergman in his 2000 paper on the subject, the Deep Web refers simply to content that is not indexed by search engines, and thus extremely difficult for the average user to find.
The Dark Web, by contrast, is designed to be hidden from the rest of the internet. It consists of darknets; sub-sections of the internet which can only be accessed through systems like Tor.
The Dark Web is largely comprised of illegal or antisocial activity, while the Deep Web is often made up of innocuous but irrelevant web pages, such as archived content, multimedia elements or non-linked pages.
If youre looking to use Tor, be it for exploring the Dark Web or just for a little extra privacy, the first thing youll need is the Tor Browser, downloaded through The Tor Projects website. Its designed to be the best way to use Tor and is specially-configured to encrypt and protect your web traffic.
Available for Linux, Mac and PC, just download the Tor Browser installation file from the Tor Projects website, install it like any other browser, and following a brief setup, youll be all set to use Tor.
Youll also need a little patience. The relay method that makes Tor secure also means that its not quite as fast as a regular broadband connection, so you might find yourself waiting longer than usual for pages to load.
If youre just looking for the security of knowing no-one will be able to trace your everyday internet activity, then youre now all set to use Tor. Simply browse as normal, and the Tor network will do all the work to ensure that youre kept safe from prying eyes.
If you want to dive into the murky territory of the Dark Web, however, youll need to do a little homework first. Its not quite as simple as users may be used to, and given its dangerous nature, its best to go in prepared.
Before you do anything else, wed advise anyone thinking of engaging in any Dark Web activity to ensure theyve got the most up-to-date security possible; you never know whos out there, after all. Also, be very, very careful not to accidentally break any laws, and make sure you know where youre browsing to.
Once youve got Tor set up, youll need to start looking for Dark Web sites. Unlike regular websites, Tors hidden services arent accessible through regular web searches and dont have conventional web URLs.
Instead, theyre accessed through .onion addresses, which are 16-character alphanumeric strings, randomly generated when the hidden service is created. The .onion address for The Tor Projects homepage, for example, is http://idnxcnkne4qt76tg.onion/
Unless you know its specific address, you wont be able to access the hidden service. Some are a closely-guarded secret, but many of the more common Dark Net sites (both criminal and legitimate) are catalogued by directories like The Hidden Wiki, available as both a regular website and a hidden service.
There are also basic search engines like Torch, which crawl and index Dark Web sites based on content. Theyre nowhere near as sophisticated as regular search engines, though and are at a disadvantage due to the Dark Webs clandestine nature.
Of course, there are ways to access Dark Web sites without using the Tor Browser itself. Tor2Web is a project that uses Tor-based proxies to let users access Tor hidden services without using the Tor Browser itself.
With a standard web browser, adding the suffixes .to, .city, .cab or .direct to the end of any .onion Tor link will send your connection through to a proxy server configured to use onion routing protocols. This server will then visit the address on your behalf, and relay the page contents back to your browser.
However, while this method is far easier than installing the Tor Browser, it is inherently traceable and provides no anonymity to the user. Using the dedicated browser remains the safest method of traversing the Dark Web for anyone with more than an academic interest in its contents.
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Study puts cryptocurrencies market at triple the size of earlier estimates – New Atlas
Posted: at 3:06 pm
Bitcoin is still leading the cryptocurrency world, but isless dominant than it was a few years ago (Credit: mdorottya/Depositphotos)
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin may seem to be the fad that keeps coming back every year or so, but a new study finds they may be much bigger than previously thought. Even before the price of Bitcoin hit new record highs in recent weeks, a landmark study out of the University of Cambridge found that cryptocurrencies are actively used by three times as many people compared to other estimates.
The Global Cryptocurrency Benchmarking Study released this month is based on data collected between September 2016 and January 2017. It puts the estimated number of unique active cryptocurrency wallet users at between 2.9 million and 5.8 million.
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The nature of cryptocurrency can make it difficult to perform any sort of reliable census of users. A 2015 report from Juniper Research put the total user base at 1.3 million, but the new Cambridge report claims to provide some of the first hard data on the size of the industry.
The study is based on data gathered from over 100 cryptocurrency companies in 38 countries, providing a snapshot of an estimated 75 percent of all cryptocurrency activity.
"Cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin have been seen by some as merely a passing fad or insignificant, but that view is increasingly at odds with the data we are observing," says co-author Dr. Garrick Hileman at Cambridge Judge Business School.
Other notable findings include the growth of new cryptocurrency Ether that is largely responsible for a dip in Bitcoin's dominance, which is down to 72 percent of the total cryptocurrency market from 86 percent just two years ago. It also finds that China and the United States dominate when it comes to the origin of much of the currency that is "mined" via a processor-intensive number-crunching process.
"Currently, the combined market value of all cryptocurrencies is nearly $40 billion, which represents a level of value creation on the order of Silicon Valley success stories like Airbnb," Dr. Hileman says in a foreword to the study.
Despite all that value, cryptocurrencies aren't making much of a dent when it comes to creating jobs. The study finds just a few thousand people are employed full-time in the industry.
Source: University of Cambridge [1], [2]
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Cryptocurrencies Help Stabilize Economies – Edgy Labs (blog)
Posted: at 3:06 pm
Cryptocurrency has been a controversial solution to the economic problems several developed and developing countries are facing. Here we discuss both the risks and opportunities blockchain technologies bring. The Bitcoin Argument
Even the mere mention of Bitcoin evokes mixed response[s] among seasoned economists according to NewsBTS. There are those who call Bitcoin revolutionary, while others discredit its potential, calling it a giant pyramid scheme.
Watch Forbes Video: Getting Rid Of Pocket Money
However, in places like Venezuela where people are living off a government-issued stipend that equates to about $6 per month Bitcoin has proved to be much more reliable than national banks for handling day to day transactions.
According to Crypto Coin News, the Venezuelan government suddenly, unilaterally, [and] without any apparent due process declared 100 Venezuelan Bolivar notes (worth around two cents in October of last year) to be completely worthless in December 2016.
This problem was almost certainly compounded by the three highly variable exchange rates Venezuelans must choose from (the elite market, the common market, and the widely used black market).
The end result? Even the highest denominations of the bolivar are now so worthless citizens of Venezuela have taken to weighing (rather than counting) their bills.
But Venezuela isnt the only nation facing an imminent economic crisis.
According to Frisco dAnconia, a West African native and writer for Crypto Coin News, Zimbabwes inflation rate was estimated at an unimaginable 79.6 billion percent by as early as 2008.
This was the era where Zimbabwe bank notes varied from 10 to 100 Billion Zimbabwean dollars, dAnconia reflects.
By 2009, economic instability forced Zimbabwe to adopt the U.S. Dollar. However, without ready access to U.S.dollars, the Zimbabwean government created a strict daily withdrawal limit of just $50 per day.
Last year, the introduction of bond notes helped resolve hyperinflation somewhat but did nothing to fix the limited availability of currency. According to dAnconia, daily withdrawal limits are still in place, and (depending on the bank) those limits could either fall even lower (to $30 a day) or banks could close their ATMs altogether (now a common practice).
Remember, these arent the only examples of hyperinflation throughout history.
If you remember seeing wheelbarrows filled with cash from the Weimar Republic following World War I, you should be able to recognize just how quickly an economic problem like this can turn into a social, global, and political disaster.
Bitcoin isnt the only cryptocurrency out there; As of today, there are over 824 unique cryptocurrencies participating in the e-commerce market.
In fact, the total market cap for cryptocurrency stands at: $48,567,465,937USD
According to Forbes, many Venezuelans are turning to Bitcoin as an alternative. Some of the benefits of cryptocurrency they describe include:
That is not to say that Bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) currently possess optimal economic scaffolding.
As Forbes notes, cryptocurrency transaction fees can vary widely and (in the case of Bitcoin) are far too high to benefit developing nations. Platforms like BitSquare are free and decentralized, and there are not obvious transaction fees. However, banking fees and currency conversions will still eventually cost the buyer.
On the other hand, for some developed nations, Bitcoin is viewed as too volatile.
However, BTC News reports that cryptocurrency has already proven its capabilities in the African continent by making financial services accessible to the unbanked and underbanked.
A number of cryptocurrency critics, including economists and government officials, are weary of a hypothetical flaw in blockchain technology (the process that dictates cryptocurrency transactions) called a 51% Attack. There is also a worry that quantum computers will present a security danger to cryptocurrency systems, but this is also still a hypothetical.
According to Investopedia, this attack leaves market participants open to:
miners controlling more than 50% of the networks mining hashrate, or computing power. The attackers would be able to prevent new transactions from gaining confirmations, allowing them to halt payments between some or all users. They would also be able to reverse transactions that were completed while they were in control of the network, meaning they could double-spend coins.
Even though this attack is still theoreticalother similar hacks have been executed using Bitcoin in the past. As Joo Ian Wong, technology reporter for Quartz, remarks:
The history of bitcoin exchanges is Darwinian, marked by abrupt failures triggered by security breaches. If you run a big bitcoin exchange, its usually a question of when, not if, your defenses will be breached.
However, many cryptocurrencies have created potential workarounds to safeguard against excessive mining.
In fact, Coin Market Cap currently shows 380 cryptocurrencies that are not minable. Only 16 of the 824 known cryptocurrencies have been significantly mined in the past.
Moreover, mining and cryptocurrency exchange can be difficult for most people to execute in such a complex way. They must know how to manipulate bitcoin marketplaces and currency exchanges in highly intricate wayssomething the major population of a developing country would be hard pressed to find time to do.
Still, there are several possible solutions for improving global cryptocurrency security measures including:
Because the World Bank works largely with poor and developing countries, what this partnership could mean is that instead of working on an individual competitive scale for currency rates, these developing countries could pool their currency values and participate in a fairer economic market.
In addition to assisting developing nations to stabilize their currency, cryptocurrency could ease or prevent international conflicts.
In 2015, Greece was scheduled to rollout 1,000 Bitcoin ATMs in an effort to relieve their ongoing financial crisis.
However, that proposed rollout appears to have been either delayed or canceled altogether. Right now, there are only two Bitcoin ATMs available in all of Greece, according to Bitcoin ATM Radar.
In fact, The Guardian reports that negotiations between Athens and their creditors have come to a grinding halt. As Helena Smith reports that:
The possibility of Grexit, or euro exit, has re-emerged and bond yields have soared. The yield on two-year Greek government bonds has risen from 6% to 10% in less than two weeks as spooked investors have dumped their holdings. And the shrill rhetoric last seen at the height of the crisis in 2015 has returned.
As in the case of Zimbabwe, Argentina, and Venezuela, Greece could potentially pull itself back from the brink of disaster by incorporating cryptocurrency into their economy.
Since negotiations are at a standstill, working with the World Bank & the United Nations to set guidelines on the usage of cryptocurrencies could very well spell a fresh start for Greeces the Grecians turbulent economic and social climate.
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MCAP: The New Buzz in the Cryptocurrency World – NewsBTC – newsBTC
Posted: at 3:05 pm
MCAP is a mining and ICO token launched by BitcoinGrowthFund (BGF) which is a Blockchain based Venture Capital Fund.
MCAP is a mining and ICO token launched by BitcoinGrowthFund (BGF) which is a Blockchain based Venture Capital Fund. BGF is a kick-starter where customers can own equity in the form of tokens in various investment opportunities.
BGF launched the sale of MCAP tokens on the 27th of April and took the Blockchain world by surprise by raising over $4 million in 10 days. The sale of MCAP tokens will end when we reach the sale cap or when the number of tokens released is exhausted. MCAP will be available to the public for trading on various platforms in the coming month.
The Blockchain community is showing a keen interest in our token sale and many members have been kind enough to offer their support and invest in our MCAP tokens.
As the public is slowly becoming more aware about the cryptocurrencies circulating in the market, more people have started investing in coins such as Bitcoin, Ether, Litecoin etc.
In the recent months, the price of Bitcoin has gone from $954 to a little over $1500 and predictions are that by the end of 2017, Bitcoin will see an increase of nearly 150% of its price in March 17. Similarly, other cryptocurrencies such as Ether, Litecoin, Zcash etc. have also witnessed an exponential increase in their price.
We at Bitcoin Growth Fund have realised the potential profits which can be generated from mining and have developed an algorithm to calculate which cryptocurrency would be most profitable to mine at any given moment based on various parameters.
Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is the latest development in the market to raise funds for projects where companies raise money through tokens to invest in other avenues.
According to the recent article published in Forbes by Roger Aitken, the boom in cryptocurrencies by the end of 2017 will outpace bitcoin by a wide margin and their mining will yield substantial returns.
With MCAP tokens, our aim is to enable the average user to be able to earn huge returns in the long run by investing in one single coin rather than investing in multiple cryptocurrencies and hoping for their price to increase.
With the money raised through the sale of our MCAP tokens, BGF will invest in the mining of Bitcoin & other alt-coins along with investing in other ICOs. With the growing market cap and gradually increasing trading volumes of cryptocurrencies, our development team at BGF has developed algorithms to help us decide which alt-coin to mine at any time to get maximum profits.
Once released onto several trading platforms, supply and demand will be the only factors affecting the price of MCAP tokens. Our token is the best possible long term investment for customers as the MCAP tokens will surely yield huge returns and we hope to see the price of each of our tokens increase to $70 once the users start buying and selling MCAP tokens.
BGF is offering lucrative discounts to the early buyers of MCAP tokens. Kindly refer to the website link for more details.
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What is Obsessive Cryptocurrency Disorder? The Merkle – The Merkle
Posted: at 3:05 pm
People involved in the world of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency eventually exhibit traits of OCD. To be more specific, there are people who suffer from obsessive Cryptocurrency Disorder. Given all of the hype and excitement surrounding this industry, that is anything but surprising. However, it can cause quite some issues regarding mental health and reduce ones social life to a bare minimum.
Outsiders often underestimate the willpower it takes to not look at cryptocurrency trading charts all day. As soon as someone owns a Bitcoin or alternative cryptocurrency, they will want to keep tabs on the price. That is only normal, even though things may not change all that much over the course of a day. To be more specific, a lot of volatility has left the cryptocurrency scene as of late, although some currencies are still subject to massive trade swings.
Keeping track of a cryptocurrencyportfolios value is not all that difficult either. In most cases, it starts out by opening a separate tab on one of the computer screens where a chart is updating in real-time. Some traders and enthusiasts even dedicate a second or third monitor to cryptocurrency price charts to keep tabs on things. While that is not necessarily disturbing, it can affect productivity by quite a margin.
Mobile phones are also a great tool to keep track of a cryptocurrencys value. Multiple mobile exchange and trading apps exist, all of which have some form of API that can be used as a phone widget. Simply turn on your screen to see the current Bitcoin or altcoin price you are looking for. Once again, it seems innocent at first, but it quickly becomes second nature.
This is how Obsessive Cryptocurrency Disorder starts to manifest itself. When things like checking a coins price are part of your daily routine, it only is a matter of time until the urge to do so becomes overwhelming. Price watching is a disease, as one Reddit user aptly points out. It is difficult to not get swept up in all of the excitement when the candles turn green, or the despair when things head south.
In fact, a lot of cryptocurrency enthusiasts suffer from Obsessive Cryptocurrency Disorder, yet fail to recognize it. Being involved in Bitcoin and altcoins involves checking prices, which only seems natural to us. However, in some cases, it starts eating at peoples lives, costing them sleep, reducing their productivity, and even affecting their social life. while a large part of our society is always checking their phones, it has become problematic when someone keeps glaring at charts and mumbling to themselves, though.
Obsessive Cryptocurrency Disorder is just like any other thing people can get excited about, though. Grabbing for a phone, tablet, or any other electronic device to look up specific information or connect to the world has become a daily routine for most of us in this day and age of digitization. We need to find a way to deal with this new type of OCD, though, as it is not a healthy development by any means.
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