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Monthly Archives: May 2017
AUA: Prostate Cancer Studies Highlight DNA Repair Gene Involvement – Cancer Network
Posted: May 14, 2017 at 5:22 pm
Two new studies presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological Association (AUA) offer an improved understanding of some genetic underpinnings of prostate cancer. In one, researchers found that BRCA mutations may raise the risk of the malignancy substantially, while another found a high rate of mutations among other DNA repair genes as well.
These studies reveal new insights into the role genetic mutations play in the development of prostate cancer, particularly metastatic disease, said Scott Eggener, MD, of the University of Chicago Medicine, who moderated the session with these studies, in a press release.
One study focused on male carriers of BRCA genes; previous work has shown increased risk for various cancers, but there are currently no screening guidelines for this population of men. The study was presented by Roy Mano, MD, of Rabin Medical Center in Petah Tikva, Israel.
The study included 154 men known to be BRCA mutation carriers; 92 of them (60%) had BRCA1 mutations, 61 (40%) had BRCA2 mutations, and 1 had a mutation in both genes. Twenty-four participants (16%) were diagnosed with cancer upon enrollment or during initial screening, and they had a median age at diagnosis of 55 years.
Four patients had multiple malignancies; seven patients (8%) had prostate cancer with a BRCA1 mutation, and three (5%) had prostate cancer with a BRCA2 mutation. The researchers noted that these rates appear substantially higher than in the general population for this age group; also, these results suggest that prostate cancer risk may not be restricted to BRCA2 mutation carriers, as previous work has shown.
In the other study, presented by Allison Glass, MD, of the University of California, Davis, researchers analyzed samples from 936 localized and metastatic prostate cancers to study the distribution of DNA repair gene mutations.
Of the full cohort, 228 samples (24.4%) showed at least one likely functional mutation of a DNA repair gene. Those mutations were found in 20.1% of prostate tumors, and in 18.8% of bone metastases, and the highest rates of DNA repair mutations were seen in visceral metastases including brain, pelvis, and liver.
The genes most commonly mutated included BRCA2 (11% of samples), ATM (6.6%), MSH6 (2.5%), MSH2 (2%), ATR (1.6%), MLH1 (1.3%), and BRCA1 (1.2%). The authors noted that genomic profiling could potentially identify prostate cancer patients that are sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy or to PARP inhibition.
For some patients, a detailed understanding of these mutations could have a meaningful impact on the timely diagnosis and treatment of their disease, Eggener said.
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Blake Dowling: A new (politically incorrect) cyberthreat, linked to Big … – Florida Politics (blog)
Posted: at 5:21 pm
For better or worse, we live in a politically correct world. On one hand, efforts in that area have created increased awareness of sexism and other social injustices.
On the other, some PC speak is patently ridiculous.
I read somewhere that is politically incorrect to the word fat. Im told we should say EWI Enhanced Weight Individual (or stout, overweight, etc.).
So, you cannot say fat-free? If thats the case, thered be a lot of rebranding in the packaged food industry.
Where do we draw the line? Dont get me wrong, society is obsessed with size. There are issues, indeed. But is this really the solution?
Isnt the real issue being kind (or, more accurately, a lack of kindness)?
Are these PC people those who changed the name of the worlds largest cocktail party to something silly?
Where does the PC Council of What-You-And-I-Should-Say-Or-Not-Say hold their meetings, anyway? Is it in a clandestine annual retreat (like the Skull and Bones society?) If so, I would bet there are some non-fierce debates, since they really dont do name-calling. Think British cops, who are not allowed to carry guns: Stop, or Ill say stop again!
Rant concluded.
Well, guess who couldnt care less about soft-bellied American PC nonsense?
Vodka-guzzling Russian hackers, thats who. The latest cyberthreat has the (decidedly non-PC) name Fatboy.
Are they making fun of non-motherland swine who might be a little big boned? Nope.
Its actually ransomware that charges different amounts, in different locations, depending on the Economists Big Mac Index.
At this point, you may be intrigued or think I am blatantly creating fake news. No, Its a real thing.
The Big Mac Index is now 30 years old, and shows how poor or wealthy a nation is based on the price of a Big Mac.
In 2017, you are looking at $5.06 for a Big Mac in Florida, and about $2.83 in China.
So, there you have it. Hackers of the world continue to innovate and surprise.
So, while they might charge $500 in the U.S., the charge would be closer to $250 in China?
That makes sense, right?
First, it was a Ugandan Prince with $10,000,000 U.S. just for you. Next were fake emails from UPS, followed by ransomware that gives you encryption keys if you infected two friends.
Then comes RAAS (ransomware as a service sold on the dark web), allowing anyone with basic computer skills to become a hacker. Now theres Fatboy.
I can definitely see the PC crowd getting upset not only do they say fat, but its gender specific.
Look out Russkies, the American Civil Liberties Union is gonna get ya.
To them, it should be called Fat-person or Fat-one (referring to one who is fat; no medical marijuana jokes, please).
So, you get infected from an email, your IP address is confirmed and the price of the Big Mac is reviewed and you receive a notice of how much you have to pay to get the encryption keys to get your data back. And they usually ask for the money in iTunes gift cards or bitcoins.
As an information technology professional, I always give the same advice to anyone infected with ransomware never pay cybercriminals. Payment only encourages them.
As a fan of good manners, I dont call people fat, either, and always avoid being tacky. We have plenty of that in the world.
Be safe out there, and lay off the Big Macs, unless you wish to be classified EWI, that is.
___
Blake Dowling is CEO of Aegis Business Technologies and can be reached at dowlingb@aegisbiztech.com.
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Ron Paul: Donald Trump Should Toss Generals’ War Plans – FITSNews
Posted: at 5:21 pm
PRESIDENT RISKS BEING BURIED IN GRAVEYARD OF EMPIRES
By the end of this month, Defense Secretary James Mattis and National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster will deliver to President Donald Trump their plans for military escalations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. President Trump would be wise to rip the plans up and send his national security team back to the drawing board or replace them. There is no way another surge in Afghanistan and Iraq (plus a new one in Syria) puts America first. There is no way doing the same thing over again will succeed any better than it did the last time.
Near the tenth anniversary of the U.S. war on Afghanistan seven years ago I went to the floor of Congress to point out that the war makes no sense. The original authorization had little to do with eliminating the Taliban. It was a resolution to retaliate against those who attacked the United States on September 11, 2001. From what we know now, the government of Saudi Arabia had far more to do with the financing and planning of 9/11 than did the Taliban. But were still pumping money into that lost cause. We are still killing Afghanis and in so doing creating the next generation of terrorists.
The war against ISIS will not end with its defeat in Mosul and Raqqa. We will not pack up and go home. Instead, the Pentagon and State Department have both said that U.S. troops would remain in Iraq after ISIS is defeated. The continued presence of U.S. troops in Iraq will provide all the recruiting needed for more ISIS or ISIS-like resistance groups to arise, which will in turn lead to a permanent U.S. occupation of Iraq. The U.S. experts have completely misdiagnosed the problem so it no surprise that their solutions will not work. They have claimed that al-Qaeda and ISIS arose in Iraq because we left, when actually they arose because we invaded in the first place.
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General David Petraeus is said to have a lot of influence over H.R. McMaster, and in Syria he is pushing for the kind of U.S. troop surge that he still believes was successful in Iraq. The two are said to favor thousands of U.S. troops to fight ISIS in eastern Syria instead of relying on the U.S.-sponsored and Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces to do the job. This surge into Syria would also lead to a lengthy U.S. occupation of a large part of that country, as it is unlikely that the U.S. would return the territory to the Syrian government. Would it remain an outpost of armed rebels that could be unleashed on Assad at the U.S. Presidents will? Its hard to know from week to week whether regime change in Syria is a U.S. priority or not. But we do know that a long-term U.S. occupation of half of Syria would be illegal, dangerous, and enormously expensive.
President Trumps Generals all seem to be pushing for a major U.S. military escalation in the Middle East and south Asia. The President goes back and forth, one minute saying were not going into Syria, while the next seeming to favor another surge. He has given the military much decision-making latitude and may be persuaded by his Generals that the only solution is to go in big. If he follows such advice, it is likely his presidency itself will be buried in that graveyard of empires.
Ron Paulis a former U.S. Congressman from Texas and the leader of the pro-liberty, pro-free market movement in the United States. His weekly column reprinted with permission can be foundhere.
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Volunteerism over Coercion Back to the Basics – Being Libertarian
Posted: at 5:20 pm
Being Libertarian | Volunteerism over Coercion Back to the Basics Being Libertarian A lot of libertarians and non-libertarians alike have the misunderstanding that libertarians are against collectivism, socialism, redistribution and social justice. Additionally, liberty, freedom and rights are some of the most ambiguous concepts ... |
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Replicel, cell therapy companies ready to give you athletic immortality – Metro US
Posted: at 5:19 pm
Kobe Bryant traveled to Germany one off-season several years back to have PRP (platelet rich plasma) therapy. The season after his first injection, he led the league in scoring for much of the year. Peyton Manning reportedly went to Europe in 2011, had stem cell therapy and broke every passing record in the NFL book shortly thereafter. Both athletes were well into their 30s when they had these cutting edge and often taboo treatments done.
In most every other walk of life, your mid-30s is supposed to be your prime. In professional athletics, 30 is considered old, and 35 is considered ancient.
That perception, however, could change radically in the next few years.
Lee Buckler is the CEO of RepliCel, a company in Vancouver, Canada, that is making extraordinary strides in researching cell regeneration for damaged tendons and is providing innovative treatment that promotes the healing process. When asked if he thinks that pro athletes will be able to play into their 40s and possibly even 50s in 25 years or so thanks to modern medicine specifically cell therapy Buckler was firm that it would not take nearly that long.
In the next five to 10 years were going to see it, Buckler told Metro. As a field of regenerative medicine, in the next five to 10 years were going to be able to see not only the high performance athletes, but the weekend warriors and aging baby boomers be able to regain the functionality in their beaten down ligaments and tendons.
Complete restoration
What RepliCel and other regenerative medicine companies are doing is completely restoring tissue using a persons own cells.
We take the patients own cells from a tissue biopsy that we take from the back of their scalp, Buckler said. There are cells in there that are highly expressive of the kinds of proteins that build tissue. We then grow millions more of those cells in the lab. And then we put them in a vile and send them back to the doctor for reinjection.
Surgery to repair broken-down knees and elbows are basically a quick fix Buckler says, and its just now that were getting to a point where full restoration is possible.
We havent just numbed the pain [with cell therapy], Buckler said. We havent just carved away chips in your joint or anything like that. What weve seen from the studies weve done so far, is weve regenerated your tendon in a very natural way using your own cells. How long that lasts depends on how well weve rebuilt your tendon and how much abuse you are going to subject your tendon to in the future. One thing that we believe with certainty is that its going to be a lot more doable than any other approach thats simply trying to address the symptoms or increase your function, without truly regenerating your tendon.
Whats next?
RepliCel has partnerships across the globe and is working on some emerging relationships in the United States, which Buckler says will soon lead to a pre-IND (investigational new drug) meeting with the FDA. He anticipates great activity in the U.S. soon.
Cell therapy is already commonplace in the NFL as Sports Illustrated reported in 2014 that stem cell treatments were already being used by hundreds of players (an average of six players per team). But the treatments are still largely frowned upon by the mainstream U.S. sports leagues. From the S.I. piece:
Stem cells are still somewhat in the shadows evidence of their usefulness in treating athletes injuries is so far largely anecdotal, NFL teams often will not pick up the bill for players, and the overseas market for treatments not approved in the U.S. makes the whole field seem somewhat taboo.
Strong results
Athletes who have reportedly used cell therapy in recent years include Atlanta Braves pitcher Bartolo Colon (still going strong at 43 years old), tennis star Rafael Nadal (ranked No. 5 in the world at age 30) and Spurs forward Pau Gasol (averaged 12.4 points per game this season at age 36). Bryants PRP therapy involved his own blood, which was churned and separated before giving him platelets above the normal human level. Platelets are the clotting cells of our blood.
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Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body’s ‘finite’ energy – Washington Post
Posted: at 5:18 pm
By Rachael Rettner By Rachael Rettner May 14 at 10:00 AM
President Trump reportedly eschews exercise because he believes it drains the bodys finite energy resources, but experts say this argument is flawed because the human body actually becomes stronger with exercise.
Trumps views on exercise were mentioned in a New Yorker article this month and in Trump Revealed, The Washington Posts 2016 biography of the president, which noted that Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted.
[Exercise is fundamental to your health. So why do so few people stick with it?]
Exercise does deplete stores of glucose, glycogen and fats from the bodys tissues, but these fuels are restored when a person eats, said Michael Jonesco, a sports medicine and orthopedics specialist at Ohio State Universitys Wexner Medical Center.
Rather than thinking of energy stores as a battery, a better analogy would be like the fire that you continue to fuel with more coal or wood, Jonesco said. You need to continue to add fuel, or your flame will die. This is true whether you exercise or not. ... Simply by existing, we are burning energy.
Whats more, although exercise puts a temporary stress on the body, the body adapts to that stress so that the heart and muscles become stronger and more efficient. If we can create a battery that, every time its used, actually becomes more powerful and efficient, then sure, our body is like that battery, Jonesco said.
Some studies have even found that exercise makes people feel more energized. In one study, conducted in 2008, researchers tested the effects of exercise on 36 people who reported feeling chronically tired but didnt have a medical condition to explain their fatigue. They found that the people who engaged in 20 minutes of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise three times a week reported a 20 percent increase in their feelings of energy,compared with a control group of people who didnt work out at all.
According to the American Council on Exercise, starting an exercise program can improve the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to muscle tissue, allowing muscles to produce more energy. Overall, exercise improves muscle and heart health, which boosts peoples endurance, giving them more energy, according to the Mayo Clinic.
According to the Department of Health and Human Services, adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity such as brisk walking per week.
Numerous studies have found links between physical activity and improved mood as well as reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, according to a 2005 review paper on the topic. One study published last year found that people who got up for short bouts of activity during the day reported better mood, more energy and lower levels of fatigue than when they sat all day.
Regular exercise is also linked with a number of physical health benefits, including a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and osteoporosis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Exercise may even help you live longer. In a 2015 study, researchers analyzed information from more than 660,000 adults in the United States and Sweden who answered questions about how much time they spent doing physical activity. The study found that people who engaged in the recommended level of physical activity were 31 percent less likely to die during the 14-year study period, compared with those who did not engage in any physical activity.
Jonesco noted that if you ever become stranded on a desert island with limited food sources, it would be a good idea to skip working out, because you wouldnt be able to replenish your bodys fuels. But any other time, your body will thank you for exercising, he said.
Live Science
4 Easy Ways to Get More Exercise
7 Common Exercise Errors And How to Fix Them
The 3 Best Back Exercises Anyone Can Do
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Any Alien Life in the Trappist-1 System Exists in a Tenuous Balance – Futurism
Posted: at 5:18 pm
In BriefResearchers have developed a model to understand howTRAPPIST-1's seven planets manage to avoid colliding with oneanother. They learned that the system follows a chain of resonancesat a scale never before seen in a planetary system. Orbital Progression
Februarys discovery of the seven Earth-like planets orbiting a dwarf star known as TRAPPIST-1 generated a great deal of excitement as the system seemed likea potential host for extraterrestrial life. However, further research revealed that the TRAPPIST planets seemed to be following an orbital path for destruction.
[I]n the original paper [when] they tried to simulate the system, planets would start colliding after a short time (astronomically speaking, about a million years), astrophysicist Dan Tamayo told Futurism via email. However, he and colleagues from the University of Toronto Scarboroughmay have found a way to explain how the TRAPPIST planets survive.
In a paper published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, the researchers explain thatthe mechanism that would lead to the TRAPPIST planets colliding with one another is the same one that keeps them stable their orbit. [I]n TRAPPIST-1, for every 2 orbits of the outermost planet, the next one in does 3 orbits, the next one 4, 6, 9, 15, and 24, Tamayo explained. This is called a chain of resonances, and this is the longest one that has ever been discovered in a planetary system.
One can liken the chain of resonances in the TRAPPIST system to how an orchestra works. The instruments create harmonious music by keeping time with one another and making sure each one is tuned to the rest.
Most planetary systems are like bands of amateur musicians playing their parts at different speeds, said Matt Russo, from the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA), who took the lead in developing an animation to demonstrate this phenomenon. TRAPPIST-1 is different; its a super-group with all seven members synchronizing their parts in nearly perfect time. He added,This means that early on, each planets orbit was tuned to make it harmonious with its neighbors, in the same way that instruments are tuned by a band before it begins to play.
Using computer simulations, the researchers modeled how the TRAPPIST system was formed and how the harmonies were finely tuned to create this unprecedented stable chain of resonances.
Certainly, this research has larger implications in our search for systems that could potentially host extraterrestrial life. While these resonances are rare in systems with massive stars like the Sun, they could be a common occurrence around smaller stars like TRAPPIST-1. It may be that the formation conditions around low mass stars are gentler and better able to form harmonious, long lived planetary systems, said Tamayo.
This has implications for the prevalence of planets in the universe, since there are many small stars for every big one, he concluded. The exciting part is that this will be tested by upcoming missions like the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) launching next year.
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Software That Reads Emotions Could Be Used to Catch Criminals Before They Act – Futurism
Posted: at 5:18 pm
In Brief A firm has created facial recognition software that works together with surveillance cameras to identify emotions on faces. This may allow for real time crime prevention as violent facial expressions are recognized. Recognizing Violence In Faces
A Russian firm called NTechLab has created a software that, when used in tandem with surveillance cameras, can detect emotions and identify people who are angry, nervous, or stressed in a crowd. The software then processes the emotions it perceives in the context of the age, gender, and identity (if known) of the people it is surveilling to decide who the potential criminals and terrorists are. Last year, the firms software was used to power the FindFace app, which works on the Russian version of Facebook to find anyone from missing family members to suspects in cold cases.
NTechLab claims that the technology is more than 94 percent accurate. If theyre proven right, municipalities that use it may be able to monitor situations in real time, stopping crime before it happens. Its clients mostly include retail businesses and security firms, but local, state/regional or even federal governments could conceivably use their technology.
Technology has already changed the way the authorities fight crime and work to prevent it. The FBI has been using the Next Generation Identification (NGI) facial recognition system, which allows the agency to parse more than 411 million photos to identify suspects and not just the faces of people who have committed crimes. It also searches the visa and passport application photos of the State Department. In fact, experts estimate that about 117 million Americans around half of all adults in the U.S. are in the database. This kind of technology has also been implemented in airports since the 9/11 terror attacks.
Facial recognition is also being used to boost security in other contexts:HSBC uses facial recognition software rather than more traditional security measures, as does Lloyds in partnership with Microsoft. While this technology is primarily intended to boost online security, it is in essence also working to prevent crime and fraud.
So, can a dystopian future like the one shown in Minority Report in which innocent people are imprisoned without ever committing actual crimes be possible in a world that makes use of this technology? The FBI has responded to criticisms of its use of the NGI system by saying that it uses the software to generate leads not to make positive identifications. However, state and local law enforcement agencies also have access, and might have different policies or de facto procedures. As of October 2016, Wired reported that more than 40 civil liberties groups had requested that the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department (now headed by Jeff Sessions) evaluate the use of the technology around the country and issue guidance. As yet, the matter remains unresolved.
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Mysterious Signals From Space Continue to Baffle Scientists – Futurism
Posted: at 5:18 pm
In Brief FRB 150215 is the most recent "cosmic whistle" that's been detected and it appears to be different from other FRBs that have been discovered in the last decade. Mysterious Bursts
In February of 2015, the Parkes radio telescope in Australia detected some fast radio bursts (FRB) that havefascinated astronomers ever since.Dubbed cosmic whistles, an FRB is a quick flash of energy seen as split-second intergalactic radio wave blips. FRB 150215, however, seems to be different frompreviously recorded bursts.
What makes FRB 150215 even more intriguing is that it doesnt seem to leave any signal or trace of light behind. The Parkes researchers used 11 telescopes in an attempt to spot radio, optical, X-ray, gamma-ray, and neutrino emission from these signals but none were found. Neither transient nor variable emission was found to be associated with the burst, and no repeat pulses have been observed in 17.25 hours of observing,the researchers report in a new study(which hasyet to be peer reviewed).
How could such high energy bursts not leave any traces? As if that wasnt mysterious enough, consider that in order for FRB 150215 to have been detectedat all, it had to go through a rather dense region of the Milky Way. This means that it shouldnt have been detectable in the first place.
FRBs were first discovered in 2007, and since then, there have been 22 known FRB occurrences. It was only earlier this year that scientists finally identified the source of one of these FRBs:some distant dwarf galaxy. Back in April, another group of scientists confirmed that FRBs are indeed coming from space.
As we develop more advancedtools with which to see and hear the universe, the probabilityof discovering what really caused theses signals isimproving. For one, new and better space telescopes like the James Webb will give us a view of our cosmic surroundings like weve never seen before.
When we do see them, no doubt well definitely be in for a surprise. For now, though, astronomers are putting in additionalwork tobetter understand the phenomenon. Its not very often in science that you get to work on something thats so brand new and so unknown that you get to answer the fundamental questions, researcher Emily Petroff told Gizmodo. Its exciting to be in these very early stages of the field when you can make a big impact with your research and answer these really big questions.
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Final Frontier Friday: ‘Q Who’ – Science Fiction
Posted: May 13, 2017 at 6:25 am
Hello and welcome! Were back for the latest installment of Final Frontier Friday, and true to my word, there isnt a single Romulan in sight! Were turning back to The Next Generation this week, to cover an episode thats come up a few times in the past: Q Who.
Coming late in the shows second season, Q Who is arguably the most important episode from the period before The Next Generation finally got good. In the space of an hour, it not only not only introduces the Borg but in doing so it forwards the loose arc of Q stories that ran throughout the series. Indeed, while this is his third appearance overall, this is arguably when it becomes clear that Q has an interest in the Enterprise and her crew that goes beyond whatever the larger machinations of the Q Continuum might be that week. And in smaller terms, it sets up the animosity that exists between Q and Guinan, a relationship that would be further explored in his next appearance.
But of course, the episodes greatest legacy lies in the introduction of the Borg, perhaps the single most iconic antagonist to emerge from eighteen years of Star Trek spin-offs. Though they didnt appear until the latter half of the second season, the conception of the Borg goes back at least a year prior, as the first hints at their existence were dropped in the first season finale. Developed to fill the role of a recurring antagonist for the new series. Though this role was originally intended for the Ferengi, it quickly became apparent that they had utterly failed to resonate in the same way as the Klingons before them. Enter the Borg. First envisioned by then-showrunner Maurice Hurley as a sort of insectoid hive that would plunder resources and technology from anyone unfortunate enough to cross their path. These early plans (derailed first by the 1988 Writers Guild strike and more permanently by Hurleys departure at the end of the season) included a season-long story arc that would have seen the Borg overwhelm the Romulans before being defeated by a desperate Federation/Romulan alliance. Over time, they evolved from insectoids into the more budget-friendly cyborgs we all know and love.
While returning to his quarters to change out of a soiled uniform, Captain Picard steps out of a turbo lift and into a shuttlecraft? On finding Q at the helm (who with a wave of his hand cleans Picards uniform), Picard reminds him that he gave his word not to trouble the Enterprise again, to which the demi-god replies that theyre nowhere near the Enterprise.
Back on the Enterprise, Guinan senses something amiss, but cant put her finger on what it is. Not long after, the bridge noticed Picards absence and that of a shuttle and begins a search. On board that shuttle, Picard refuses to hear Q out, demanding instead to be returned to the Enterprise. On a whim, Q agrees, transporting them to Ten Forward. After exchanging a few pleasantries, Q explains that he wants to join the crew, having been kicked out of the Continuum. Picard declines, explaining that he doesnt trust Q. Trust him or not, Q insists, Picard needs him. They arent prepared for whats out there. After a few ominous words, Q transports the Enterprise to System J-25, some 7000 light years away, promising a preview of things to come.
On investigating the sixth planet in the system, they find evidence of an industrialized civilization, but whered there should be cities, there are only great tips in the ground. Data points out that this matches the pattern of the mysterious attacks on Neutral Zone outposts. No sooner is this connection made than a strange, cube-shaped vessel appears. When the ship doesnt respond to hails, Picard calls Guinan, who has some familiarity with this part of space. Though she doesnt know much, she is able to identify the cube as belonging to the Borg, who devastated her civilization a century ago. Heeding her warning, the shields are raised, but not before a single Borg materializes in Engineering.
Worf and Picard lead a security team to Engineering, where they observe the intruder. Q also appears, gloating as Picard attempts to communicate with the Borg, who simply ignores him. When the Borg becomes aggressive, they are forced to kill it. No sooner does it hit the floor, though, than a second Borg appears, and now impervious to phaser fire, finishes what the other began. During a briefing, Q appears just long enough to ask if Picard is sure he doesnt need help. Finally, the Borg attack, locking a tractor beam on to the Enterprise and cutting out a piece of the ship. After disabling the tractor beam and damaging the cube.
While both ships effect repairs, Riker leads an away team to the cube to gather whatever information they can. Onboard the cube, the team discovers slots in the wall through which dormant Borg interface with the collective, a Borg nursery, and learns that the Borg will ignore anything they dont consider a threat, and finally notices the rapid self-repair the ship is undergoing. At that, Picard has them beamed back and retreats with the Borg in hot pursuit and closing.
With Q present and occasionally taunting, the ship continues to flee as the Borg ship gains ground and depletes the Enterprises shields. With their shields down and engines disabled, the crew braces for the inevitable. Faced with no alternative, Picard finally admits that Q was right: they need his help. At that, Q gladly transports them back to where they started, acknowledging that he understands how hard it was for Picard to say that, that a lesser man would have thought it humiliating. The episode closes on Picard and Guinan musing over a game of chess as the realization sinks in that the Borg will be coming
Lets get this out of the way up front, shall we? Q Who is good. While its not the best that the second season has to offer (stay tuned), its definitely up there. It starts out as a more or less standard Q episode before segueing into a tense standoff against the inexorable force of the Borg.
While Qs involvement can be seen as the producers hedging their bets on the introduction of a new villain, it actually contributes a great deal to the episodes effectiveness. For example, his presence allows the writers to reveal information about this new enemy even as the Borg themselves remain a largely silent and implacable foe throughout the episode. Theres a school of thought in fandom that the Borg were far more menacing before we learned as much about them as we ultimately would through their appearances on Voyager and even their later Next Generation episodes, and by definition Q Who presents them at their most enigmatic. In fact, if youre familiar with the Borg, you likely noticed that in my synopsis I avoided using a lot of the vocabulary that would come to be associated with them (slots instead of regeneration alcoves, etc). Thats an exercise I decided to indulge largely as a way of underscoring just how much the conception of the Borg has shifted, even just between this episode and their next appearance in The Best of Both Worlds which yes, we will be getting to here, just as soon as I figure out how I want to handle two-parters.
That shift is something that can no doubt make this a bit jarring to watch for people who know the Borg more in the form they took from First Contact onward, similar to the way the Klingons seen on the original Star Trek are nearly unrecognizable next to their Next Generation counterparts. I consider myself lucky to have first encountered the Borg here (way back when), but even knowing what it was like to watch this without any foreknowledge, some of the bigger conceptual changes still stick out like a sore thumb.
The big one, of course, being the assertion that their primary interest is the consumption of resources and technology. As Q describes them, the ultimate user. Though this isnt terribly hard to reconcile with the later concept of assimilation, it is reflective of just how much farther they still had to go. In fact, while it is a fair argument that the Borg worked better when they were more mysterious and monolithic, Id argue that they didnt actually strike the right balance until The Best of Both Worlds. Here, we just dont quite know enough about them.
Setting aside any discussion of the Borgs long-term effectiveness, theres no arguing that Q Who provides an effective villain introduction for them, and thats an easy thing to foul up. There is a tendency in comics and serialized storytelling, in general, to introduce a new villain by having them kill or otherwise one-up an established character. Thats a cheap, lazy way to establish villain cred. None of that here. Here, the Enterprise is put up against a threat for which they are utterly unprepared (and, but Picards own admission, inadequate) and they are handily overwhelmed. Its easy to overlook, but the episode makes no bones about the fact that had it not been for Qs intervention, they likely would have died in the course of a final escape attempt. And really, the only reason Starfleet as a whole and the Enterprise, in particular, is able to hold its own against the Borg in later episodes is that theyve had time to prepare.
And speaking of Q, this is also a significant episode for him. In his prior appearances, hes been screwing with the Enterprise crew on business, putting Humanity on trial or offering Riker a place in the Q Continuum. Here, though, hes been cast out by the Continuum, and where does he come? The Enterprise. It establishes his interest in humanity (especially Picard) as something specific. In his own strange, fickle, sometimes petulant way, he likes these people. Or at the very least hes fascinated by them. In establishing that, Q Who effectively lays the groundwork for all of Qs later appearances, as he became less of a villain and more of an all-powerful nuisance.
What do you think of Q Who? Is this earlier iteration of the Borg more compelling than what came later? Would you have liked to see Hurleys original arc play out or are you happy with what we got? Let me know in the comments and make sure you check back in two weeks for the next Final Frontier Friday!
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