Daily Archives: May 30, 2017

Iran in pursuit of a knowledge economy – Malaysia Sun (press release)

Posted: May 30, 2017 at 2:24 pm

On 19 May 2017, Hassan Rouhani was elected President of Iran for a second four-year term. Among the challenges he will face: the pursuit of transition to a knowledge economy in a context of low foreign direct investment (FDI).

Although the Iranian economy returned to positive growth in 2016 of about 6.4%, this rebound can largely be ascribed to the return to near-capacity oil exports since the United Nations' Security Council's endorsement of the nuclear agreement in July 2015 led to the easing of international sanctions. According to the World Bank(1), integration of Iran's banking sector with the global banking system has been slow since the sanctions were lifted. This has impeded the foreign direct investment to Iran and trade which will be crucial for the development of Iran's non-oil sector.

A focus on using human capital to create wealth

The UNESCO Science Report recalls that the government first set its sights on moving from a resource-based economy to one based on knowledge in its 20-year development plan, Vision 2025, which was adopted in 2005.

This transition became a priority after international sanctions were progressively hardened from 2006 onwards and the oil embargo tightened its grip. In February 2014, the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei introduced what he called the 'economy of resistance', an economic plan advocating innovation and a lesser dependence on imports that reasserted key provisions of Vision 2025.

Vision 2025 challenged policy-makers to look beyond extractive industries to the country's human capital for wealth creation. This led to the adoption of incentive measures to raise the number of university students and academics, on the one hand, and to stimulate problem-solving research and industrial research, on the other.

For instance, in order to ensure that 50% of academic research was oriented towards socio-economic needs and problem-solving, the Fifth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2010'2015) tied promotion to the orientation of research projects. It also made provision for research and technology centres to be set up on campus and for universities to develop linkages with industry.

Vision 2025 foresaw an investment of US$ 3.7 trillion by 2025 to finance the transition to a knowledge economy. It was intended for one-third of this amount to come from abroad but, so far, FDI has remained elusive. It has contributed less than 1% of GDP since 2006 and just 0.5% of GDP in 2014.

Much of the US$ 3.7 trillion earmarked in Vision 2025 is to go towards supporting investment in research and development by knowledge-based firms and the commercialization of research results. A law passed in 2010 provides an appropriate mechanism, the Innovation and Prosperity Fund. According to the fund's president, Behzad Soltani, 4600 billion Iranian rials (circa US$ 171.4 million) had been allocated to 100 knowledge-based companies by late 2014. Public and private universities wishing to set up private firms may also apply to the fund.

Domestic expenditure on research stood at 0.7% of GDP in 2008 and 0.3% of GDP in 2012. Iranian businesses contributed about 11% of the total in 2008. The government's limited budget is being directed towards supporting small innovative businesses, business incubators and science and technology parks, the type of enterprises which employ university graduates.

Most high-tech companies are state-owned

Some 37 industries trade shares on the Tehran Stock Market. These industries include the petrochemical, automotive, mining, steel, iron, copper, agriculture and telecommunications industries, 'a unique situation in the Middle East', recalls the UNESCO Science Report.

Within the country's Fifth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2010'2015), a National Development Fund has been established to finance efforts to diversify the economy. By 2013, the fund was receiving 26% of oil and gas revenue.

Most of the companies developing high technologies remain state-owned, including in the automotive and pharmaceutical industries, despite plans to privatize 80% of state-owned companies by 2014. It was estimated in 2014 that the private sector accounted for about 30% of the Iranian pharmaceutical market.

The Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO) controls about 290 state-owned companies. IDRO has set up special purpose companies in each high-tech sector to co-ordinate investment and business development. These entities are the Life Science Development Company, Information Technology Development Centre, Iran InfoTech Development Company and the Emad Semiconductor Company. In 2010, IDRO set up a capital fund to finance the intermediary stages of product- and technology-based business development within these companies.

Broad internet access will be essential for the development of a knowledge economy. In an interview with NBC News in September 2013, President Rouhani pledged to expand internet access, which reached 31% of the population in 2013. 'We want the people, in their private lives, to be completely free', he said. 'In today's world, having access to information and the right of free dialogue and the right to think freely is a right of all peoples, including Iranians. The people must have full access to all information worldwide.' By 2016, one in two (49%) Iranians had internet access.

A surge in university rolls

In line with the goals of Vision 2025, policy-makers have made a concerted effort to increase the number of students and academic researchers. To this end, the government raised its commitment to higher education to 1% of GDP in 2006. After peaking at this level, higher education spending stood at 0.86% of GDP in 2015.

Higher education spending has resisted better than public expenditure on education overall. The latter peaked at 4.7% of GDP in 2007 before slipping to 2.9% of GDP in 2015.

The result has been a steep rise in tertiary enrolment. Between 2007 and 2013, student rolls swelled from 2.8 million to 4.4 million in the country's public and private universities. Some 45% of students were enrolled in private universities in 2011. There were more women studying than men in 2007, a proportion that has since dropped back slightly to 48%.

Enrolment has progressed in most fields. The most popular in 2013 were social sciences (1.9 million students, of which 1.1 million women) and engineering (1.5 million, of which 373 415 women). Women also made up two-thirds of medical students.

One in eight bachelor's students go on to enroll in a master's/PhD programme. This is comparable to the ratio in the Republic of Korea and Thailand (one in seven) and Japan (one in ten).

Science and engineering attracting more PhD graduates

The number of PhD graduates has progressed at a similar pace as university enrolment overall. Natural sciences and engineering have proved increasingly popular among both sexes, even if engineering remains a male-dominated field. In 2012, women made up one-third of PhD graduates, being drawn primarily to health (40% of PhD students), natural sciences (39%), agriculture (33%) and humanities and arts (31%). According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 38% of master's and PhD students were studying science and engineering fields in 2011.

There has been an interesting evolution in the gender balance among PhD students. Whereas the share of female PhD graduates in health remained stable at 38'39% between 2007 and 2012, it rose in all three other broad fields. Most spectacular was the leap in female PhD graduates in agricultural sciences from 4% to 33% but there was also a marked progression in science (from 28% to 39%) and engineering (from 8% to 16% of PhD students).

Although data are not readily available on the number of PhD graduates choosing to stay on as faculty, the relatively modest level of domestic research spending would suggest that academic research suffers from inadequate funding. At the time of preparation of the Fifth Five-Year Development Plan (2010'2015), the government was still optimistic about raising research spending to 3% of GDP by 2015.

A surge in the research pool

According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the number of (full-time equivalent) researchers rose from 711 to 736 per million inhabitants between 2009 and 2010. This corresponds to an increase of more than 2 000 researchers, from 52 256 to 54 813. The world average is 1 083 per million inhabitants. One in four (26%) Iranian researchers is a woman, which is close to the world average (28%).

In 2008, half of researchers were employed in academia (51.5%), one-third in the government sector (33.6%) and just under one in seven in the business sector (15.0%). Within the business sector, 22% of researchers were women in 2013, the same proportion as in Ireland, Israel, Italy and Norway.

'Once more recent data become available, we may find that the business enterprise sector has been hiring more researchers than before', suggests the report. The number of firms declaring research activities more than doubled between 2006 and 2011, from 30 935 to 64 642. The increasingly tough sanctions regime oriented the Iranian economy towards the domestic market and, by erecting barriers to foreign imports, encouraged knowledge-based enterprises to localize production.

A desire to interact with the world

The Fifth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (2010'2015) fixed the target of attracting 25 000 foreign students to Iran by 2015. By 2013, there were about 14 000 foreign students attending Iranian universities, most of whom came from Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria and Turkey.

In a speech delivered at the University of Tehran in October 2014, President Rouhani recommended greater interaction with the outside world. He said that 'scientific evolution will be achieved by criticism ['] and the expression of different ideas. ['] Scientific progress is achieved, if we are related to the world. ['] We have to have a relationship with the world, not only in foreign policy but also with regard to the economy, science and technology. ['] I think it is necessary to invite foreign professors to come to Iran and our professors to go abroad and even to create an English university to be able to attract foreign students.'

According to the report, there is a lot of scope for the development of twinning between universities for teaching and research, as well as for student exchanges. One in four Iranian PhD students are already studying abroad (25.7% in 2012). The top destinations are Malaysia, the USA, Canada, Australia, UK, France, Sweden and Italy. In 2012, one in seven international students in Malaysia was of Iranian origin. Malaysia has the advantage of being one of the rare countries which do not impose visas on Iranians. It is also a Muslim country with a similar level of income.

Although sanctions have caused a shift in Iran's trading partners from West to East, scientific collaboration has remained largely oriented towards the West. Between 2008 and 2014, Iran's top partners for scientific collaboration were the USA, Canada, the UK and Germany, in that order. Iranian scientists co-authored almost twice as many articles with their counterparts in the USA (6 377) as with their next-closest collaborators in Canada (3 433) and the UK (3 318).

Iran has submitted a formal request to participate in a project which is building an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in France by 2018. This megaproject is developing nuclear fusion technology to lay the groundwork for tomorrow's nuclear fusion power plants. The project involves the European Union, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation and USA. A team from ITER visited Iran in November 2016 to deepen its understanding of Iran's fusion-related programmes.(2)

Iran is also stepping up its scientific collaboration with developing countries. In 2008, Iran's Nanotechnology Initiative Council established an Econano network to promote the scientific and industrial development of nanotechnology among fellow members of the Economic Cooperation Organization, namely Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

Iran hosts several international research centres, including the following established between 2010 and 2014 under the auspices of the United Nations: the Regional Centre for Science Park and Technology Incubator Development (UNESCO, est. 2010), the International Centre on Nanotechnology (UNIDO, est. 2012) and the Regional Educational and Research Centre for Oceanography for Western Asia (UNESCO, est. 2014).

Malaysia is Iran's fifth-closest collaborator in science and India ranks tenth, after Australia, France, Italy and Japan. One-quarter of Iranian articles had a foreign co-author in 2014, a stable proportion since 2002. Scientists have been encouraged to publish in international journals in recent years, a policy that is in line with Vision 2025.

The volume of scientific articles authored by Iranians in international journals has augmented considerably since 2005, according to Thomson Reuters' Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded). Iranian scientists now publish widely in international journals in engineering and chemistry, as well as in life sciences and physics. Women contribute about 13% of articles, with a focus on chemistry, medical sciences and social sciences. Contributing to this trend is the fact that PhD programmes in Iran now require students to have publications in the Web of Science.

(1)World Bank profile of Iran, 2016

(2)ITER team visits Iran (2016)

Source: Ashtarian, K. (2015) Iran. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030; full chapter on Iran.

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Mark Zuckerberg supports universal basic income – PLoS Blogs (blog)

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Last week, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg received an honorary degree from Harvard University. At the commencement, he promoted the idea of a basic income guarantee, joining several other tech leaders in advocating for this idea. Tech leaders can see a world where robots and AI are doing a lot of work currently performed by humans, and so are already considering how those who lose their jobs will be retrained for the new economy that emerges. While some are focused on rearranging deckchairs, they are focused on how this workforce can be retrained and deployed in the new industries that will emerge, and most importantly, what will resonate with them.

Purpose is that sense that we are part of something bigger than ourselves, that we are needed, that we have something better ahead to work for. Purpose is what creates true happiness.

Youre graduating at a time when this is especially important. When our parents graduated, purpose reliably came from your job, your church, your community. But today, technology and automation are eliminating many jobs. Membership in communities is declining. Many people feel disconnected and depressed, and are trying to fill a void.

Zuckerberg focused on several themes in his speech, but sprinkled throughout was the idea that people need to take risks to find purpose. He acknowledged his own privilege, and the idea that the reason he could take risks was because of his background and parents. However, without that cushion, he wouldnt have had the freedom to learn new skills and take risks. We already know that an important public health issue is growing income inequality, and if only those with a safety net are allowed to take big risks with associated big payoffs, then we are limiting our pool of ideas to a small group of select individuals. From his speech:

Look, I know a lot of entrepreneurs, and I dont know a single person who gave up on starting a business because they might not make enough money. But I know lots of people who havent pursued dreams because they didnt have a cushion to fall back on if they failed.

We all know we dont succeed just by having a good idea or working hard. We succeed by being lucky too. If I had to support my family growing up instead of having time to code, if I didnt know Id be fine if Facebook didnt work out, I wouldnt be standing here today. If were honest, we all know how much luck weve had.

Every generation expands its definition of equality. Previous generations fought for the vote and civil rights. They had the New Deal and Great Society. Now its our time to define a new social contract for our generation.

As a result, Silicon Valley will be keeping a close eye on Ontario. The Government of Ontario has announced a basic income pilot project under which eligible individuals will receive up to $16,989 per year, while couples will receive up to $24,027 per year.This program has skeptics and detractors. The idea that this will disincentivize people to work, or that it will be more expensive than existing programs are common ones that emerge. The program proposed by the Government of Ontario will address this through a rigorous evaluation.They have committed to a three-year study in three Ontario communities, and will be measuring the following outcomes: food security, stress and anxiety, mental health, employment, health and healthcare usage, housing stability, and education and training. The latter is what Zuckerberg and others in Silicon Valley are most interested in, as having the time and ability to learn new skills is a luxury not very many people have.

Millenials can expect to change jobs 4 times in their first 10 years out of college; almost double that of those graduating from 1986 to 1990. With the skills required to join the workforce constantly evolving and changing, giving people a safety net to not only take risks, but to learn new skills, is vital to ensuring we continue to innovate collectively. Giving more people with the opportunity to take risks, could result in more creative and unique solutions is a good thing for all involved.

The full text of his commencement address is available here.

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Is $17000 a good enough starting point for basic income? – Yahoo News Canada (blog)

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The majority of Canadians support Ontarios basic income program but four in ten question whether the magic number $17,000 is enough.

An online survey of around 2,000 Canadians by Campaign Research found that 53 per cent approve of Ontarios basic income pilot, which will support a select 4,000 low-income earners in Hamilton, Thunder Bay and Lindsay with up to $16,989 per year and $24,027 for a couple (less 50 per cent of any earned income) in a bid to pin down the effects it can have on job prospects and quality of life. There will be an additional $6,000 per year for individuals with disabilities.

Of the basic income pilot supporters, eight per cent say they think the yearly income of $17,000 is too much, 48 per cent say its about the right amount and 39 per cent say it is too little.

Sheila Regehr, chair of non-profit Basic Income Canada Networkand a participant in the consultations surrounding the pilot, says the debate is central to the experiment in general.

The fact that its stimulated a lot of conversation is one of the most important things about the pilot, she says. This is a really different way of thinking about how we are distributing resources to people.

As part of the program, recipients can keep any child benefits, disability, dental and pharmaceutical access they are already entitled to, but participants receiving Employment Insurance (EI) or Canada Pension Plan (CPP) will have their monthly basic income payment reduced dollar-for-dollar.

According to the province, the $17,000 figure, 75 per cent of the Low Income Measure, was put forth at the advice of Hugh Segal, a former senator, political strategist and longtime proponent of basic income, on the grounds that when other broadly available tax credits and benefits, would provide an income that will meet household costs and average health-related spending.

In an op-ed for the National Post, Segal applauded the program saying Canadas existing welfare programs are far too limited.

In Ontario, for example, a single adult receives payouts equal to about 45 percent of the poverty line, or approximately $9,000, he wrote. Existing programs also include dehumanizing micro-eligibility requirements that dilute self-respect, discourage work, and frustrate hardworking caseworkers they trap people in poverty rather than providing them with a bridge to the economic mainstream.

Regehr echoes Segal, saying that in her discussions with Ontario officials during the consultations, they said they suspect many people will actually get to or very close to 100 per cent whenothertypes of support are taken into account.

I think it is pretty reasonable especially when you compare it to social assistance rates for single people which are abysmal and a complete lack of social protection for people trying to eke out a living with two or three low-income jobs, says Regehr.

But David Wakely, senior partner at management labour and employment law firm, Filion, Wakely, Thorup, Angeletti LLP which works with both public and private sector employers says he isnt convinced the program is a good idea.

Weve got the Manitoba situation and the US experiment and some in Europe but I think a very hard look at the little bit of data we have leads to certain conclusions that I dont think are ambiguous, says Wakely. The disincentive to work has been established and borne out by the experiments.

He says hes concerned employers havent turned their minds to the potential effects of a $17,000 basic income guarantee.

The studies in Manitoba, the U.S. Denver suggest the higher you peg the basic income guarantee, the more the deleterious effect and the more the negative impacts are in terms of offering a disincentive to work, he says pointing that employers will have to raise wages in order to attract candidates who are already receiving a basic income.

Its obvious over the last 20 years, (driving) wages up forces employers to outsource, subcontract, go to automation various factors to try and remain competitive, he says. I think thats an unintended consequence.

While the provincial government has committed $1.5 billion to the three-year experiment, Wakely points out that eventually, if its taken on, its going to need to be subsidized likely by higher taxes on corporations or upper-bracket earners.

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I think is going to have a very harmful effect on the economy in general, he says, adding that hes not convinced its going to get off the ground.

It hasnt gotten off the ground in any place its been experimented with, its just human nature for the payers to say why would I do this, why would I prepared to underwrite this so someone else can make $17,000 for doing nothing? says Wakely. And where people start to perceive the tax system as being unfair it justifies the human instinct to try and beat the system itll turn into Greece thats what I would fear.

Regehr, on the other hand, is optimistic, saying that the pilot will give us a new angle on the ripple effects of a basic income program.

For me and for people in this movement, theres no question that this is the way we have to go in this modern society, she says. We have to the sooner we do it, the sooner we figure out how to do it the better.

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Automation Developer Consultant – Charlotte Agenda

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DIGITIZE.AI May 30, 2017 | Views:

Digitize.AI is an investor backed start-up technology company headquartered in Charlotte, NC. We are currently in stealth mode and our team is growing quickly prior to our launch. Digitize.AI will use automation and artificial intelligence to help organizations create a digital workforce. Digitize.AI offers competitive salary, bonus and equity options.

Automation Developer Consultant role: Comprehensive and evident understanding of Microsoft Technology (VB .NET, Windows, Internet Explorer, SQL Server, Web Services) and ideally some background in Java. The ability to methodically solve business and technical problems using innovative and well-planned approaches. The ability to learn quickly and progress rapidly from theoretical exercises to real world delivery and mentoring tasks. The aptitude to contribute to the evolution of methodologies and procedures in a controlled manner to continually improve a rapid and repeatable delivery channel. The ability to work with a structured and methodical approach, combined with an enquiring mind. An understanding of, and a willingness to adhere to, formal change control procedures and disciplines.

Traits of a successful candidate: Desire to be trained in the latest automation technology and then work with clients to help them. The skills to design and author well documented, supportable and extensible developments and the ability to support and maintain the work of other consultants, partners and clients. Good communication skills with the ability to present technical details to a non-technical audience. Good written skills with the ability to produce clear and concise documentation. An aptitude for problem solving, with the ability to take a logical route to the source of an error. A self-starter who delivers high quality work and can adapt to new challenges, either on their own or as part of a team. Ability and willingness to travel as required.

To apply: Please send resume to careers@digitize.ai.

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Canada-EU Trade Deal Is a Model in Automation Era, Trudeau Says – Bloomberg

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The Canada-EU trade agreement is "a blueprint for future ambitious trade deals in an age of automation where job security is threatened, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says.

Trudeau, in a speech to lawmakers and business figures in Rome, lauded the pact as a model in an era of protectionism. The speech comes as Trudeau faces a lengthy trade battle with Donald Trump over lumber, airplanes, steel, aluminum and the North American Free Trade Agreement.

QuickTake Free Trade and Its Foes

"Leaders who think we can hide from these changes or turn back the clock are wrong," he said Tuesday in the ornate Sala della Regina room at the Chamber of Deputies in Rome. "The pace of change has never been so fast, and yet itll never be this slow again."

The trade deal, known as CETA, has what Trudeau called "unprecedented provisions on labor protection, responsible investment, food and consumer safety, management of natural resources and environmental stewardship.

Trudeau was joined at the speech by his trade minister as Canada pushes European Union member states to ratify the trade deal as quickly as possible.

We need to make CETA real for people, Canada Trade Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne told reporters after the Trudeau speech. The best way to convince those who may not be convinced is to show them the benefits such as 9,000 tariff lines set to drop to zero when the deal is provisionally enacted, expected early this summer.

The deal comes as automation makes traditional stable jobs more difficult to find as the "twin forces" of technology and globalization remake the world, Trudeau said. "There are those in Canada and here in Italy who feel uncertain and anxious about what the world holds," he said.

CETA will soon be considered by the Italian senate, Italian Senate President Pietro Grasso said in introducing Trudeau.

Trudeau lauded Italy for recognizing same-sex civil unions and pushed for greater numbers of women to be elected as lawmakers or appointed to corporate boards, calling Canadas current ratio of female Members of Parliament "not acceptable."

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Canada-EU Trade Deal Is a Model in Automation Era, Trudeau Says - Bloomberg

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Robotic process automation market to reach AU$870m in ANZ by … – ZDNet

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Enterprise investment in robotic process automation (RPA) is set to soar in Australia and New Zealand, according to new research from analyst firm Telsyte.

Based on insights provided by 302 CIOs and IT decision makers, the Telsyte ANZ Robotic Process Automation Study 2017 predicts the ANZ RPA market will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 45 percent from AU$216 million in 2016 to AU$870 million in 2020.

The analyst firm said RPA -- which enables software robots to replicate the actions of human workers for routine tasks -- is now being used or investigated by six out of 10 ANZ organisations with more than 20 employees.

Additionally, 38 percent of organisations with more than 500 employees have active RPA programs in place.

The finance and insurance industries are expected to be the fastest adopters of RPA in the short term, according to Telsyte, although RPA can also be applied to industries with large customer support and request processing requirements, such as telecommunications and government.

Telsyte managing director Foad Fadaghi said RPA is not just about cutting overhead costs; it can also change the way organisations operate.

"A proof of concept is important for organisations to first understand the nature of processes that can be best solved through RPA, before progressing to an enterprise-wide strategy," Fadaghi suggested.

"Equally important is the use of pilot programs to understand the change management requirements before a further rollout."

Telsyte also recommended that organisations assess the processes they would like to automate by their level of complexity.

"Complexity has a positive correlation with automation costs, and targeting lower-complexity processes initially can result in better initial returns," Telsyte said.

Fellow analyst firm Gartner has previously referred to RPA tools as "gateway technologies" or "surface tools", because they simply skim the surface of the larger intelligent automation services market.

"The attraction is the RPA tool just sits on top of the legacy system" such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), and there is no need for any special integration, Gartner research vice president and analyst at Frances Karamouzis told ZDNet.

"They're also easy to use and have a relatively low cost. For all those reasons [RPA] has by far the highest adoption of automation tools that we've seen," Karamouzis added.

With the increase in enterprise investment in RPA, DXC Technology, a New York Stock Exchange-listed IT services company, announced the introduction of 60 new RPA experts in Australia and New Zealand.

"Organisations are looking for a way to bridge the gap between large funded digital transformation projects and the long tail of business processes attached to aging systems. RPA can achieve this with a virtual workforce that streamlines existing processes, lays the foundation for intelligent automation, and frees up employees for more engaging work," said Seelan Nayagam, managing director at DXC Technology ANZ.

The IT services company is now actively expanding in the ANZ region to guide clients implementing RPA.

"We are seeing a shift in our client's focus from cost reduction and labour arbitrage, offered by more traditional outsourcing models, to driving business value through innovation," Nayagam said. "This includes RPA, and as a case in point, we have implemented RPA within DXC for automating our own shared service processes."

While organisations in the ANZ region are believed to be at the "basic stages of adoption", a 2016 Deloitte report indicates that enterprises internationally have begun to employ RPA together with cognitive technologies such as speech recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning to automate perceptual and judgement-based tasks once reserved for humans.

"The integration of cognitive technologies with RPA makes it possible to extend automation to processes that require perception or judgement," David Schatsky, managing director at Deloitte, previously said. "With the addition of natural language processing, chatbot technology, speech recognition, and computer vision technology, for instance, bots can extract and structure information from speech audio, text, or images and pass that structured information to the next step of the process."

Additionally, machine learning can identify patterns and make predictions about process outcomes, helping RPA prioritise actions.

"Cognitive RPA has the potential to go beyond basic automation to deliver business outcomes such as greater customer satisfaction, lower churn, and increased revenues," Schatsky said.

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CVS Health CIO: An overlooked alternative to automation – The Enterprisers Project

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Automation prompts fiercedebatesat the moment. Manyof the larger conversations around automation focuson whether it will create jobs or destroy them, what it will do to our economy, and how its helping or hurting various industries. But there are manyother smaller conversations happening around automation, and many IT leaders are just looking for simple ways to improve productivity, increase speed, and reduce manual work in their day-to-day operations.

Of course, I believe that automating something is better than having to keep doing it manually. But I dont overlook the opportunity to ask the important question: should we automate or should we obliterate?

If a process can be automated, its often automated without taking a step back to ask whether you should continue doing it in the first place.

Think about how many times youve questioned a process or approach only to be given the maddening response, This is the way weve always done it. The era of automation gives us a similar problem. If a process can be automated, its often automated without taking a step back to ask whether you should continue doing it in the first place.

Taking the time to ask that important question provokes a different type of thinking kind of like a zero-based analysis. You are no longer assuming that whats in the base has to remain in the base. Sure, it can be automated, but if it doesnt have to exist in the first place, why not just eliminate it?

At CVS Health, we conduct surveys on an annual basis that ask colleagues hundreds of questions about the company, the work environment, the type of work they do, and more. We analyze their responses and choose themes that enable us to continually improve the work environment and experience year over year. One of the themes that emerged from the annual survey this year was the opportunity to reduce what is perceived to be red tape by our employees. This prompted usto put manyprocess improvements onto our priority list areas where we could automate or eliminate steps, processes, and functions in different parts of the IT organization, to reduce work and increase speed.

For instance, the time and steps that it took to get approval on staff augmentation was perceived by our employees as red tape, and they were right. We were able to reduce that time from weeks to one day. But we didnt achieve these results through automation: It was through obliteration.

Just because something is there now, that doesnt mean it needs to be there tomorrow.

We looked at these opportunities holistically, taking into consideration both the administration and the technical aspects and processes in play. We reduced the number of project approvals by 41 percent and the technical design artifacts by 60 percent. By eliminating these steps altogether, we were able to reduce friction in the administrative processes of managing staff, projects, and programs.

If we had just focused on automation as a way to solve the problem, we would have ultimately been automating work that was unnecessary in the first place. Just because something is there now, that doesnt mean it needs to be there tomorrow.

There are excellent tools to help IT organizations answer their own automate-or-obliterate questions. You can use Pareto analyses, for instance, to determine where time is spent in order to pinpoint improvement targets. Most importantly, dont lose sight of the problem you are trying to solve. Start there, and use proven methodologies to scientifically analyze where your opportunities are, whatever they are, and then act on them.

Automation may seem like your teams secret weapon to finding more time and productivity throughout the day. But, in the constant quest to find ways to move faster in IT, its important to sometimes slow down, pause, and ask yourself, Why do I even need to do this?

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3 Ways Embracing Automation and Technology Can Turbocharge Your Entrepreneurial Quest – Entrepreneur

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Technology has long been lauded as the savior of modern business, but some fear it may also hasten its downfall. Pew Research Center reported that a full two-thirds of Americans think robots will overtake most humans work over the next 50 years, inspiring feelings of both resentment and awe toward the technology we ourselves have created.

Rather than be intimidated by this looming possibility, however, entrepreneurs should recognize that this means they have more control than they realize. Technologys power puts them in a position to create value, which should reveal opportunities and fuel the entrepreneurial spirit.

The problem is that most entrepreneurs have trouble shifting their perspective to see whats overwhelming as empowering.

People are worried about machines, computers and factories taking their jobs, dwelling on whether their own positions will be threatened. Its not a question of whether its going to happen -- its a matter of when. The takeover is already underway, but were so busy staring at whats fading into the mist that were overlooking the amazing possibilities that come with technology.

Related: Top 10 Best Chatbot Platform Tools to Build Chatbots for Your Business

Here a few steps we can take to reframe technology as our ally, not our enemy:

Not that long ago, we lived without cellphones. Now, we carry powerful computers in the palm of our hands, telling us which roads to take when were in traffic, enabling us to check in for flights and letting us look up anything we need with the push of a button. They save us time, energy and money, freeing us up to spend our most valuable resource -- our lives -- on the things that really matter.

The same idea applies to our companies. Things that are time-consuming but not thinking-intensive -- aka the stuff we called busywork in school -- suck up the hours and brain cells that would be better spent on the difficult tasks we cant hand off.

A study published in Behavioral and Brain Functions concluded that a prolonged cognitive load -- too much to think about -- results in mental fatigue. That means that when you finally do find the time to devote to those high-value tasks, you dont have the energy to do so.

McKinsey & Companys 2016 Automating the Insurance Industry report assessed how automation could be applied to the insurance industrys current tasks, and it found that up to a quarter of the fields existing roles could be combined or removed in the coming decade. Machine learning could take over up to 60 percent of an insurance sales agents job, for example, but only 35 percent of an underwriters. That means that in 10 years, insurance companies will be able to dedicate more of their team members brain power to more complex tasks while handing the easier ones off to computers.

Related: This Simple Technique Trains Your Brain to Conjure Your Best-Ever Ideas

Entrepreneurs erroneously assume that everything they do for their businesses is valuable. It likely is all worthwhile to some extent, but some efforts add more value to their companies than others. Growing a company and leading a team makes it essential that you identify where youre adding the most value so you put your focus there.

Ive worked with leaders who realized their time was best spent working on developing business partnerships or on hiring executive-level positions for their companies, but they were investing their days in approving ad copy or backing up data -- things that could be handled by automation. To be sure, backing up data is vital to a company, as GitLab could tell us after experiencing data deletion, followed by a backup failure.

GitLabs incident initially occurred as a result of a system administrator accidentally deleting a folder of live production data. In the wake of this disruption caused by human error, industry professionals recommended that others use all-in-one platforms with analyzers to determine what should be backed up and then automatically back those files up. This underscores the fact that what those entrepreneurs Ive known have spent their time on could have been better accomplished by technology than by them -- and allowed them to spend time building high-revenue partnerships instead.

RELATED: 7 Ways To Add Massive Value To Your Business

We all know entrepreneurs who wouldnt have a blog on their website if it werent for a platform such as WordPress. Technology can be seen as an extension of your business that enables your company to do things and offer services or products it couldnt otherwise.

My company has consulted with businesses that have held group brainstorming sessions to determine what they should be doing but couldnt with their current technology, staff or skill sets. They were clients of ours that hoped our platform had the ability to assist them with their new efforts. In some cases, we already offered a way to do what they wanted and simply had to show them how to integrate it; in others, we discussed how we could create what they were looking for or tweak an existing feature to do so.

In both instances, my company -- and theirs -- took advantage of technology to expand our offerings and grow our businesses.

Technology may ultimately change how many of our jobs look. But this is a time of opportunity, not fear -- what our companies and roles look like in the future will be enhanced, not diminished, versions of what we do now. If you free up some brain space, identify where you add the most value and pinpoint what you want to do in the future, youll be driving the technology changes youll encounter rather than be driven by them.

Lena Requist, with her background of building startups into multimillion dollar organizations, is passionate about growing businesses and developing teams. Her current project, ONTRAPORT, has been recognized for many awards including; fast...

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3 Ways Embracing Automation and Technology Can Turbocharge Your Entrepreneurial Quest - Entrepreneur

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Elon Musk: Automation Will Force Universal Basic Income – Geek.com – Geek

Posted: at 2:22 pm

At the World Government Summit in Dubai, our real-world Tony Stark, Elon Musk, was throwing around some big and important ideas about the future of humanity. Musk says that Universal Basic Income or an economic idea where everyone gets a paycheck from the government to spend how they wish is one of the only solutions to the rise of robotic automation.

Automation on large scales will absolutely change everything. The going term right now is the rise of the post-scarcity economy. And, while I know that sounds boring as hell, for you it means that in the not-too-distant future, money wont matter and all of our economies will totally collapse. And yeah, Im serious.

Post-scarcity is something that we should all be able to at least kind of understand. Traditional economies work because things are rare. Food, for example, isnt infinite. If it was, itd be free. After all, how could you charge for something that is unlimited? Like air? Or the sun? Theres no practical way to do that.

Thats essentially why the Star Trek universe abandoned money. After you have replicators, which are basically magical boxes that make anything from anything in seconds, stuff doesnt have intrinsic value. You cant control the supply or demand of anything because the demand is whatever and the supply is unlimited. In that system, as you can already tell, nothing about traditional economics works. Whats a supply and demand curve even mean under those circumstances?

Obviously, humanity is a long way from replicators. And, as a result, we wont have true post-scarcity systems for a long time yet. But, we are about to take a couple of major leaps forward. Here is a list of all the places robots are likely to steal jobs in the future. If you just account for self-driving cars, though, you can take as many as 20% of all jobs away in one swoop. The transportation sector employs that many people.

But thats not the only industry that will get a jolt. Many service industry jobs are easy to automate. That could wipe out tens of millions more job. Even if it takes twenty or thirty years, Musk rightly notes that no economy can sustain that.

And while many of you might think that sounds like a bunch of leftist hippie bullshit, this is actually about as politically neutral as it gets. Again, think about it if you have 30 or even 40% unemployment, then the economy, as weve traditionally structured it has nothing to do but collapse. If that many people are unemployed, they wont have enough money to buy anything, really. That, in turn, shatters demand for goods and then everyone else suddenly becomes unemployed. If this happens, inflation is screwed, money has no meaning and the entire system weve created would utterly cease to function.

Most plans for universal basic income start by suggesting a tax robots. The goal here is to replace revenue lost from the mass numbers of unemployed and keep it coming in from the bots. Plus, this is still a net gain for businesses they get money flowing into pockets so people can keep spending, and even conservative estimates suggest that robots will be able to pay for themselves dozens of times over. So companies wont really be losing any money there, either.

This is a set of ideas that Ive tossed around with friends for a while. Unless something huge changes, this is probably the only viable solution. It keeps most markets and corporations intact, while still working with the complex reality posed by infinite labor from bots. Its weird to think, but, honestly, Musk is almost certainly spot on here.

We will, of course, have some time to adapt to this. But its something we should all start familiarizing ourselves with now. Robots can replace you. No, your job is not safe. Not even if youre a doctor or a lawyer. Theres a great video from YouTuber CGPGrey above that runs through the best case scenarios here, and, honestly, its not good.

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US logistics sector focuses on integration, automation – JOC.com

Posted: at 2:22 pm


JOC.com
US logistics sector focuses on integration, automation
JOC.com
That task is taking on urgency as the number of systems, platforms, and the sheer amount of data transport operators and shippers deal with increases at a rapid pace. Cloud-based networks running more automated software linked to mobile phones and ...

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US logistics sector focuses on integration, automation - JOC.com

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