Daily Archives: May 17, 2017

Recognizing Childfree Families On International Family Day – HuffPost

Posted: May 17, 2017 at 1:59 am

This year, the United Nations recognizes its International Day of Families on May 15. The purpose of this special day is to focus on the role of families and family-oriented policies in promoting education and overall well-being of their members and to support families as the primary educators for young children. Though children are not a required component of family, childfree families do play a significant but generally overlooked role in supporting childrens development.

Of the dozens of childfree women and men Ive interviewed, who form households and families of their own, many note that they are in a unique position to have special and important relationships with children because they are childfree.

This finding is consistent across studies. In a survey of 1,000 non-mothers, marketing firm DeVries Global found that children including nieces, nephews, and the children of friends play an active role in the lives of 80 percent of women who dont have children of their own. And a study of aunts found that they serve important roles as teachers, role models, confidantes, savvy peers, and second mothers in their nieces and nephews lives.

A number of the childfree couples I interviewed described their friendships and other connections with the children in their lives. They shared how their childfree status enables them to connect with children in ways that differ from parents connections.

Jan, an engineer who has been married to her husband Fred for over ten years, also talked about her friendships with children. Jan and Fred count their neighbors among their closest friends and Jan has a special connection with the neighbors 11-year-old daughter.

Children benefit from these connections with adults who arent their parents. Allison and her husband believe they are in a unique position to offer their nine year old niece a broader view of the world than she may receive without their involvement.

Allisons point about getting her nieces issues in a way that others may not is reflected in the reports of children who have close relationships with their aunts who say they value their aunts nonjudgmental advice, open-mindedness, and willingness to discuss topics they preferred not to broach with their parents.

pixababy

Aside from their unique friendships with children, my research participants also described how not having kids themselves made them more available to take on special care taking responsibilities for the kids in their lives, such as through legal guardianship or as godparents. Annette, a professor, said she is able to be the godmother to several children because she doesnt have kids of her own, though she added, Thats plenty! when asked if she had plans to say yes to any future godmother requests.

They say it takes a village to raise a child. Childfree people are a part of that village. Perhaps it is in the best interests of children indeed of all villagers that not everyone wants to have children of their own, even those who might make excellent parents. These non-parent figures are essential for children, they provide needed support for parents, and the childfree value these relationships as well.

On this years International Day of Families, lets recognize all families, whether they include children or not, and the important roles they play in providing for the well-being of each other and those in their communities.

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Trump ran against political correctness. Now his team is begging for politeness. – Washington Post

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By Chris Caesar By Chris Caesar May 16 at 6:00 AM

Chris Caesar is a Boston-based writer whose work has appeared in The Boston Globe, Death & Taxes, Boston.com and Metro Newspapers.

For someone who offered no apologies after he mocked a disabled reporter, gleefully described the joys of grabbing womenby the py and defended the size of his penis during a televised debate, President Trump seems to be developing a newfound respect for playing nice at least, on his terms.

Trump took on the anti-PC mantle during the GOP primary, often relishing the opportunity to bash what he considered the excesses of our politically correct media landscape. Asked during a Republican presidential debate by then-Fox News host Megyn Kelly about calling women he dislikes fat pigs, slobs and disgusting animals, as well as telling a contestant on Celebrity Apprentice that it must be a pretty picture when she is onher knees, Trump said this:

I think the big problem this country has is being politically correct.Ive been challenged by so many people, and I dont frankly have time for total political correctness. And to be honest with you, this country doesnt have time, either.

[Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: Every GOP candidate is wrong about political correctness]

But while private citizen and candidate Trump lamented this (seemingly imagined) social prohibition on calling Rosie ODonnell ugly, now that hes in the White House, Trump and his staff seem to be developing a more nuanced perspective on the issue.

For example, last week saw a flurry of controversy surrounding Stephen Colberts joke about Trumps mouth serving as Russian President Vladimir Putins c holster but no one was more scandalized than the formerly anti-politically correct team Trump.Reasonable people can disagree about whether Colberts joke was homophobic, or the figurative equivalent of calling someone a patsy.What is for sure funny about the episode was watching the folks who would normally defend Trump for, say, accusing Kelly of having blood coming out of her wherever, suddenly become fragile prudesover a late-night TV joke.

I wont dignify those comments with a response, White House press secretary Sean Spicer told Fox News. Kellyanne Conway, counselor to the president, went further, telling the network that the joke was not funny.[This] is about showing basic respect to the president of the United States and the office of the president, she said.

Trump himself had wounded words for Colbert:You see a no-talent guy like Colbert. Theres nothing funny about what he says. And what he says is filthy, he told Time magazine, And you have kids watching.

Of course, Colbert isnt the only entertainer to wind up the Trump White House: When Snoop Dogg released his music video for Lavender, itincluded a scene in which the rapper uses a toy gun to pretend to shoot a clown who has a strong resemblance to Trump.

[The right has its own version of political correctness. Its just as stifling.]

The implied violence is cartoonish at worst, but Trump who boasted during the campaign that he could stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot somebody without taking a hit in the polls was aghast.

Can you imagine what the outcry would be if @SnoopDogg, failing career and all, had aimed and fired the gun at President Obama? Trump tweeted at the time. Jail time!

Would he, though? Some may recall that controversial right-wing rocker Ted Nugent made headlines after bringing two machine guns onstage during a 2007 concert, calling then-presidential candidate Barack Obama a piece of s who should suck on a machine gun. Nugent wasnt arrested or jailed for his remarks, but hedid receive an invitation to the Trump White Housein April (where, he claimed, he decorously opted not to pose for a photo putting his middle finger up at the official portrait of Hillary Clinton). Im beginning to sense a pattern.

Likewise, after Trumps bombshell firing of FBI director James B. Comey, Conway made the rounds on TV to implore rude and nosy Americans not to pry into the matter; questioning the timing of the firing, she said, was inappropriate.Of course, perhaps Trumps long-running beef with the media could finally be put to rest if, as Conway told CNNs Jake Tapper in February, the mean reporters could just show Trump some respect. But maybe all the presidentneeds is a safe space of his own.

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YOUR HEALTH: Cloning hair to eliminate baldness – WQAD.com

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SANTA ANA, California By the time they're 50, 85% of American men will have significant hair loss.

It can have serious consequences:one study found nearly 75% of men feel less confident and their hair loss can lead to depression.

Now, an international team of hair restoration doctors is turning to cutting-edge science to grow more hair through cloning.

Construction worker Ric Ortega has dealt with hair loss for a while. For him, it's a health concern.

"I'm outside a lot because I work in the construction industry," said Ric. "I worry about skin cancer on the top of my head."

Ric is considering a hair cloning clinical trial with Doctor Ken Williams, a hair restoration surgeon with California-based Orange County Hair Restoration.

Dr. Wiliams is working with Hair Clone, a British company that believes it will perfect the science of cloning hair.

"The typical candidate would be someone who has had multiple surgeries and can't have any more hair transplantations, but they have lots of areas of balding," explains Dr. Williams.

Doctors would harvest 50 hair follicles and send them to a cryopreservation tank in England. Surgeons there would remove the hair shaft from the bulb, which holds cells that control growth. Then, the cells are multiplied, in a special cell culture.

"Then, when the patient is ready, they have the actual transplantation," explains Dr. Williams.

"They would let us know and we'd go through the process of replication, and getting those 50 cells will now turn in to 1500 cells."

The trial would cost Ric between $4000 and $10,000 plus air fare to England where he`d get his cloned hair. England is the only western country that allows this type of treatment.

The main challenge in cloning is that hair follicles cannot grow on their own, yet they are too complex to be grown in test tubes. There may be safety concerns that cells that induce hair may also induce tumors and once this issue is resolved, the FDA still must approve hair cloning for safety and effectiveness.

There are plans for clinical trials in the U.S. and may be approved in upcoming years.

EMOTIONAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR LOSS: A study revealed that men who had more profound hair loss were more dissatisfied with their appearance and were more concerned with their look than those with minimal hair loss. Studies have shown that in men who suffer from hair loss, nearly 75% of them feel less confident since the onset of hair loss, especially in dealing with the opposite sex. In extreme circumstances, hair loss can cause distress and result in depression. Source: (http://www.emedexpert.com/tips/hair-loss-effects.shtml)

If this story has impacted your life or prompted you or someone you know to seek or change treatments, please let us know by contacting Jim Mertens at jim.mertens@wqad.com or Marjorie Bekaert Thomas at mthomas@ivanhoe.com.

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Instagram Adds Face Filters, Snapchat Cloning Complete – BuzzFeed News

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More feature copying, but it's hardly surprising at this point.

Heres an idea for a fun social app: It starts with a camera. First, you take a picture or video. Then you add fun effects masks that hew to your face, or crowns that rest at your hairline. You can send these images or videos to friends via a direct message, or share them with all your contacts via a feature called Stories. Also, they disappear.

A year ago, these features were unmistakably Snapchats. But now the Facebook-owned Instagram has them too. After copying Snapchats Stories feature last August, Instagram is releasing a version of its selfie lenses today, finishing off a brazen cloning of Snapchats most beloved features just as its parent company, Snap Inc., is getting its footing on the public market. The only thing missing is Discover, a collection of just-for-Snapchat media created by professionals and publications.

Snapchat didnt invent selfie lenses, but it did popularize their use. That pioneering role did not merit a mention in an Instagram blog post announcing the new selfie lenses which are interactive, just like Snapchats. This was a departure from when Instagram introduced its version of Stories, a feature that Instagram loudly credited to Snapchat.

Today, were introducing face filters in the camera, an easy way to turn an ordinary selfie into something fun and entertaining, Instagram said. Whether you're sitting on the couch at home or out and about, face filters help you express yourself and have playful conversations with friends.

Instagrams introduction of selfie lenses (it calls them face filters) comes in the midst of a major push from Facebook to layer digital experiences on top of the real world via its apps cameras. At its F8 conference in April, Facebook unveiled a new camera effects platform, inviting developers to create their own masks and filters that, after approval, would be made available for use inside Facebook (which already has its own set of face filters). Using the same backbone technology, Instagram could easily introduce a similar platform of its own.

With its effects platform, Facebook appears to be attempting to surpass Snapchat in terms of mask and filter quality. But its ambition is far greater. Relying on computer vision technology, Facebok would like to map out the world and allow developers to build games, and overlay digital art on top of the physical world we live in today. When you can make it so that you can intermix digital and physical parts of the world, that's going to make a lot of our experiences better and our lives richer, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg told BuzzFeed News in an interview ahead of F8.

In the meantime, the Snapchat cloning appears to be a boost for Facebook, at least inside Instagram. Instagrams Stories feature is used by 200 million people every month. WhatsApps Stories copy, Status, is used by 175 million people each day. Facebook and Messenger appear to be somewhat behind that. Snap, struggling to grow revenue and, to some extent, its user base, saw billions of dollars wiped off its market cap last week.

Asked if Instagram plans to ship more Snapchat-inspired features, an Instagram spokesperson said, We arent sharing any other updates at this time.

Even if they were, theres little left to copy.

Alex Kantrowitz is a senior technology reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in San Francisco. He reports on social and communications.

Contact Alex Kantrowitz at alex.kantrowitz@buzzfeed.com.

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Why fans think Avril Lavigne died and was replaced by a clone named Melissa – The Guardian

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What could possibly explain the small changes in Avril Lavignes appearance that took place between 2002

Did you know Avril Lavigne was replaced by a lookalike named Melissa in 2003? At least, thats what the internet would have you believe. The old conspiracy theory that Lavigne was cloned resurfaced on Twitter over the weekend, but it has been bandied about the internet since 2005 and is thought to have originated on a Brazilian fanpage.

The theory claims Lavigne, struggling with fame at the beginning of her career, began using a body double named Melissa. At some point, the real Lavigne is said to have died, so the record company replaced her with Melissa full-time. Proof has included Lavignes red carpet shots (Lavigne wears trousers; Melissa prefers dresses and skirts) and supposed differences between the facial features of pre-2003 Lavigne and the current incarnation. Theorists also believe Melissa has left clues in songs, such as Slipped Away, in which she sings: The day you slipped away was the day I found it wont be the same. There was even a publicity shot in which Lavigne had Melissa written on her hand. Spooky.

But Lavigne is not the first celebrity to be subject to a (completely unverified) cloning conspiracy theory, as the following examples show ...

Possibly the best known example is the claim that Paul McCartney was replaced with a lookalike after he had been killed in a car accident. The urban legend took root in 1969, following the release of the Beatles Abbey Road. Fans hunted for clues they were convinced John Lennon was saying I buried Paul in Strawberry Fields Forever, for example (Lennon said he was actually saying cranberry sauce). Unlike some more recent conspiracy theories, the person at the centre actually rebutted the claim. In an interview with Life magazine in November 1969, McCartney said: Perhaps the rumour started because I havent been much in the press lately.

Moving away from the clone replaces celebrity genre, theorists believe Taylor Swift is, in fact, the clone of a former satanic priestess. Seems reasonable. The theory, which dates back to 2011, claims Swift is an Illuminati clone of Zeena LaVey, the daughter of the founder of the Church of Satan. Essentially, the two look similar. There are thousands of videos on YouTube comparing the two, which surely counts as proof.

Beyonc and Jay Z have long been associated with the Illuminati on certain pockets of the internet so much so that Beyonc referenced it in Formation. It is also claimed that the Illuminati uses clones to brainwash society. Sometimes, all it takes to set the conspiracy wheels in motion is two different pictures of the same person, and the Beyonc cloning theory gained a flurry of attention last year when a Facebook post that compared images of the singer from 2010 and 2016 went viral. It read: Fans the chick on the left is her but the chick on the right is not. This high degree masonry witch on the right is a cloned [sic].

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National is cloning Labour’s identity and other lessons from its weekend conference – The Spinoff

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Sure, Alfred Ngaro screwed up royally but there was a lot more to the National party conference this weekend. Steven Joyce let a budget secret slip, Paula Bennett stole the show, and the party revealed its 10 point plan to shut down Labour, writes Simon Wilson.

I cant tell you how proud I am, Bill English told the northern regional conference of the National Party over the weekend, about the pay rise that 55,000 care workers are going to get. Its the biggest pay rise in New Zealand history, it will go to a low-paid and overwhelmingly female workforce, and English was stoked.

We worked on that for two-and-a-half years, he said, as if equal pay had always been the governments goal and the case had taken so long only because theyd had to persuade everyone else to agree.

I imagine that if any of those 55,000 women or their union negotiators had been in the room, that would have been the point where they started throwing things.

No doubt Bill English is proud of the achievement. Now. But the reason the agreement took so long is that his government while he was minister of finance and then prime minister resisted every step of the way.

Steven Joyce was asked to give Paula Bennett advice on which shoes to buy (Photo: Simon Wilson)

It was one of a number of revealing moments which are being obscured by the fallout from Alfred Ngaros foolish comments all of which deserve more scrutiny than theyre currently getting. One such came from Steven Joyce, addressing the conference as minister of finance for the first time.Asked from the floor why the government didnt introduce a commuter rail link from Hamilton to Auckland, he said he didnt think there was a case for it. The last time hed looked at it, he said, when he was minister of transport (that is, before 2011), it would have been cheaper to fly the passengers by helicopter.

Which is funny, but it wasnt true then and it certainly isnt true now. Besides, what an idiotic thing for a minister of finance to say when hes just finished a speech boasting about his governments commitment to good infrastructure.

But then he seemed to reveal a budget item. He said he was more interested in extending the electrification of the rail line into Hunua, by which he meant the National-held Hunua electorate that stretches around the Bombay Hills. In other words, Pukekohe. Joyce doesnt say things like that randomly. Electrification to Pukekohe is already on the governments 10-year plan. Hot tip: watch for an early date and financial commitment in the budget on May 25.

But maybe the most interesting thing to happen in politics this weekend was this list, presented to a major partypolitical conference by a high-rankingMP:

Over the weekend, while Nationals northern region was meeting in Auckland, the Labour Party was also holdingits election-year congress in Wellington. The above list was presented to one of those conferences by a senior party member.

It wasnt aired in Wellington. The list was reeled off by education minister Nikki Kaye. Its her 10-point list of accomplishments by the government.

English watches the action from the wings (Photo: Simon Wilson)

Theres just so much to say about this.

To start, thats a Labour agenda, isnt it? A government with a special focus on the least well off, social policy that makes a difference, the state actively engaged in improving peoples lives because it aint gonna happen any other way? Isnt that Labour?

Well, National begs to differ. At that convention they barely talked about the economy. Take finance minister Steven Joyces speech making the case for a strong economy out of it, and every other presentation and discussion was focused on social policy. The issues in the spotlight all weekend were health, housing and crime particularly in relation to aggravated robbery of retail outlets in the poorer suburbs of Auckland. Even prime minister Bill English, when it came time for his speech, used social policy achievements rather than financial ones to make his points.

Mark this. Nationals strategy to win the election this year is to mount an offensive aimed straight at the heart of Labour. The old idea was: National = safe economic management; Labour = cares about people; Greens = cares about the environment and the planet.

National wants that cares about people brand now. Actually, it may want the clean and green brand too. Science and innovation minister Paul Goldsmith told the convention he didnt think the party talked enough about what he calls the New Zealand experience, which meant several things, first and foremost being our wonderful environment.

Coming in the same week as yet another damning report on water quality, this was another of those comments that would have had a different audience throwing things. But you cant say theyre not brazen and you cant deny that if you say something often enough in politics, a lot of people will start to believe it.

(This rebranding process has a parallel on the other side, too: the Budget Responsibility Rules agreed on by Labour and the Greens are designed to promote their credentials as safe economic managers.)

Just wait till you see the budget: Steven Joyce will go to town on social policy initiatives.

Does Nikki Kayes list stack up? In some ways it does. Its true that National has announced funding for more police, for example, and it did extend paid parental leave. It did also roll out a programme for warmer, drier homes. And so on. But do those simple facts disguise a larger story? National cut police numbers when it came to power and its new policy coat-tails on Labours, which was announced earlier and is for a larger increase. National was dragged reluctantly to the parental leave agreement, as it was for the care workers agreement, byskilful negotiators at unions and others. The warmer, drier homes programme is a Green Party initiative adopted by the government.

It is unequivocally true that there are more jobs. English and Joyce both spoke of New Zealands outstanding job figures: 10,000 new jobs created every month for the last 18 months. Joyce said we have the highest rate of employment among the adult population in the OECD, and 78.9 percent of the jobs are fulltime. In Australia, its 68.3 percent.

But they didnt mention the other part of Kayes claim: higher wages. New Zealand does not have a high wage economy and were not heading there anytime soon. Across great swathes of the economy the minimum wage is now the inescapable norm; meanwhile, over the last 20 years CEO salaries have grown from 11 times the average wage to 19 times. The New Zealand economy is structured to avoid it becoming high-wage, and your boss probably gets a bonus to help keep it that way.

Alfred Ngaro stole the show but behind his comments there were many more storylines (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images)

Never mind, National has a message and were going to hear it a lot: they are the party with a heart. English himself used three examples at the core of his speech: higher rates of achievement in schools; Mori immunisation rates which are now as high as Pakeha; slashed waiting times in hospital emergency departments. All three are true.

Social housing minister Alfred Ngaro got into trouble for making a speech in which he seemed to threaten Mangere marae leader (and Labour candidate) Willie Jackson, and Alan Johnson from the Salvation Army, with funding cuts if they didnt stop criticising the government.

In addition to the obvious problem of a cabinet minister making statements like that, Ngaro said something else about Johnson that was also a worry. He was surprised to discover Johnson didnt even know about half the things the government is doing. This isnt credible: Johnson is one of the most knowledgeable experts in the sector and is likely to know more about government programmes than the newbie minister. I suspect Ngaro had navely misread Johnsons politeness (Oh no minister, do tell me more.), and that comment, along with the threat, suggests he is patronising the sector rather than taking it seriously.

This was the northern region conference. Thats Auckand and Northland. Did they produce an Auckland strategy? Nope. A major urban policy of any kind? Nope. That was astonishing.

English said it was now conceivable to think of a four-lane motorway from Whangarei to Matamata: as his sole contribution on transport, in this city, it was staggeringly irrelevant.

Steven Joyce defended the current high immigration settings as being essential to economic growth and, by implication, beyond debate. His list of key infrastructure was, in order: roads, ultra-fast broadband, railways, electricity transmission and rebuilding hospitals.

The whole convention was the Paula Bennett show, at which English and Joyce seemed to be making guest appearances. (Photo by Hannah Peters/Getty Images)

Paula Bennett talked in the session on crime about how worried she was about P. There were several Indian businesspeople in attendance, but the moderator, Pakuranga candidate Simeon Brown, was apparently unable to see them. The questions he took from the floor were almost entirely from the white folk in the room.

Another hot budget tip: there will not be a rethink for Auckland.

But they are very pleased with the leader. There were ritualised mentions of the name John Key, but English is their guy now. He has a warm personality when hes among friends, hes not afraid of making jokes and he impresses with sincerity. Hes a personable leader and it wont be long before he works out how to present that on TV.

Mind you, hes not a patch on his deputy. The whole convention was the Paula Bennett show, at which English and Joyce seemed to be making guest appearances. Its effortless for her now, the way her personality dominates a crowd. She laughs at English because his jokes are dad jokes. On the Saturday she even called him adorable, although he wasnt there at the time.

Shes the good time girl you want at your party , but she lets you know shell cut you down in a flash if you get on her bad side. At the end of Steven Joyces speech she got up and asked a question.

Im having trouble deciding which shoes to buy, she told him. The dark blue or the light blue?

The options, with a $950 price tag, flashed up on the screen behind him. Then she flashed up the sales docket, which suggested shed bought the shoes using his credit card.

If politics arent going your way, in election year, you dont go anywhere near jokes like that. Way too dangerous. But Paula Bennett wasnt worried about that, and nor was Steven Joyce, and nor was National.

The Spinoff Auckland is sponsored by Heart of the City, the business association dedicated to the growth of downtown Auckland as a vibrant centre for entertainment, retail, hospitality and business.

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How Culture Shapes Human Evolution – Project Syndicate

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ST. ANDREWS Is there an evolutionary explanation for humanitys greatest successes technology, science, and the arts with roots that can be traced back to animal behavior? I first asked this question 30 years ago, and have been working to answer it ever since.

Plenty of animals use tools, emit signals, imitate one another, and possess memories of past events. Some even develop learned traditions that entail consuming particular foods or singing a particular kind of song acts that, to some extent, resemble human culture.

But human mental ability stands far apart. We live in complex societies organized around linguistically coded rules, morals, and social institutions, with a massive reliance on technology. We have devised machines that fly, microchips, and vaccines. We have written stories, songs, and sonnets. We have danced in Swan Lake.

Developmental psychologists have established that when it comes to dealing with the physical world (for example, spatial memory and tool use), human toddlers cognitive skills are already comparable to those of adult chimpanzees and orangutans. In terms of social cognition (such as imitating others or understanding intentions), toddlers minds are far more sophisticated.

The same gap is observed in both communication and cooperation. Vaunted claims that apes produce language do not stand up to scrutiny: animals can learn the meanings of signs and string together simple word combinations, but they cannot master syntax. And experiments show that apes cooperate far less readily than humans.

Thanks to advances in comparative cognition, scientists are now confident that other animals do not possess hidden reasoning powers and cognitive complexity, and that the gap between human and animal intelligence is genuine. So how could something as extraordinary and unique as the human mind evolve?

A major interdisciplinary effort has recently solved this longstanding evolutionary puzzle. The answer is surprising. It turns out that our species most extraordinary characteristics our intelligence, language, cooperation, and technology did not evolve as adaptive responses to external conditions. Rather, humans are creatures of their own making, with minds that were built not just for culture, but by culture. In other words, culture transformed the evolutionary process.

Key insights came from studies on animal behavior, which showed that, although social learning (copying) is widespread in nature, animals are highly selective about what and whom they copy. Copying confers an evolutionary advantage only when it is accurate and efficient. Natural selection should therefore favor structures and capabilities in the brain that enhance the accuracy and efficiency of social learning.

Consistent with this prediction, research reveals strong associations between behavioral complexity and brain size. Big-brained primates invent new behaviors, copy the innovations of others, and use tools more than small-brained primates do. Selection for high intelligence almost certainly derives from multiple sources, but recent studies imply that selection for the intelligence to cope with complex social environments in monkeys and apes was followed by more restricted selection for cultural intelligence in the great apes, capuchins, and macaques.

Why, then, havent gorillas invented Facebook, or capuchins built spacecraft? To achieve such high levels of cognitive functioning requires not just cultural intelligence, but also cumulative culture, in which modifications accumulate over time. That demands transmission of information with a degree of accuracy of which only humans are capable. Indeed, small increases in the accuracy of social transmission lead to big increases in the diversity and longevity of culture, as well as to fads, fashions, and conformity.

Our ancestors were able to achieve such high-fidelity information transmission not just because of language, but also because of teaching a practice that is rare in nature, but universal among humans (once the subtle forms it takes are recognized). Mathematical analyses reveal that, while it is generally difficult for teaching to evolve, cumulative culture promotes teaching. This implies that teaching and cumulative culture co-evolved, producing a species that taught relatives across a broad range of circumstances.

It is in this context that language appeared. Evidence suggests that language originally evolved to reduce the costs, increase the accuracy, and expand the domains of teaching. That explanation accounts for many properties of language, including its uniqueness, power of generalization, and the fact that it is learned.

All of the elements that have underpinned the development of human cognitive abilities encephalization (the evolutionary increase in the size of the brain), tool use, teaching, and language have one key characteristic in common: the conditions that favored their evolution were created by cultural activities, through selective feedback. As theoretical, anthropological, and genetic studies all attest, a co-evolutionary dynamic in which socially transmitted skills guided the natural selection that shaped human anatomy and cognition has underpinned our evolution for at least 2.5 million years.

Our potent capacity for imitation, teaching, and language also encouraged unprecedented levels of cooperation among individuals, creating conditions that not only promoted longstanding cooperative mechanisms such as reciprocity and mutualism, but also generated new mechanisms. In the process, gene-culture co-evolution created a psychology a motivation to teach, speak, imitate, emulate, and connect that is entirely different from that of other animals.

Evolutionary analysis has shed light on the rise of the arts, too. Recent studies of the development of dance, for example, explain how humans move in time to music, synchronize their actions with others, and learn long sequences of movements.

Human culture sets us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Grasping its scientific basis enriches our understanding of our history and why we became the species we are.

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The Evolution of a Cybersecurity Firm – Wall Street Journal (subscription)

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Wall Street Journal (subscription)
The Evolution of a Cybersecurity Firm
Wall Street Journal (subscription)
McAfee LLC's chief executive, Chris Young, says the conversation around cybersecurity has changed drastically in recent years as awareness of the issue has grown within companies' C-suites and boards. However, it isn't yet clear that greater awareness ...

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Essentia Evolution: New Logo, Marketing Campaign Announced – BevNET.com

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Ionized alkaline water brand Essentia today revealed a new logo and integrated marketing campaign aimed at showcasing the brand as the preferred premium water for millennial overachievers.

In a press release, the company described the move as an evolution in the brands identity aimed at building broad awareness and visibility nationwide. It stated that the campaign is based on Essentias belief that better hydration helps people do all the things that make them extraordinary and unlocks their full potential whether theyre an athlete, a musician, a computer programmer or a student.

We started this brand evolution journey almost two years ago, so its exhilarating to see it finally come to life through hard work by our employees and partners, said Ken Uptain, CEO and founder of Essentia Water, in the release. Broadening our visibility across the nation puts Essentia in the primetime spotlight to compete successfully within the premium bottled water category.

Speaking with BevNET, Karyn Abrahamson, a former Starbucks managing director who joined Essentia as VP of Marketing and Brand Innovation in 2015, said that she was hired by Uptain to specifically examine how the brand was being presented from an identity, messaging and marketing standpoint. She spent over six months doing research on the brands core consumers and the premium water category as a whole, a process she described as rolling up our sleeves and being honest and critical with ourselves about our efforts.

What we were trying to do was get from being just a bottle on the shelf that had a point of difference in the product features to really giving the brand as a whole a clear voice and personality, said Abrahamson, making the comparison to building a loved lifestyle brand similar to Apple and Nike. We want people to connect with this brand in an emotional way that makes them feel like we are doing more for them and helping them be their best.

More specifically, Abrahamson said Essentias brand evolution is aimed at millennials, aged 18 to 34, who constitute the highest consumers of premium bottled water. She explained that Essentias offering high pH water that it claims provides superior hydration has a strong appeal for consumers who want to be at their best.

The thing thats important about that is if your mindset and your priorities are about being on top of your game, and you have the ability to put the best product in your body, this speaks to that mindset and to the heart of that consumer that cares about putting the best product in their body to help them be the best at what they want to be the best at, she said.

Abrahamsons research also included exploring the brands equity from a visual design standpoint. Noting that consumers associated Essentia with its red and black color scheme and the plus symbol, the company reworked those elements into a new logo designed to have a badge or flag-like feel which Abrahamson said would really signify the #EssentiaNation.

The new campaign, which features the tagline Overachieving H2O, will feature various field marketing initiatives, radio and digital placements and social media activations, as well as billboards, wall murals, street subway panels and other out-of-home elements. The efforts will have a concentrated focus in key markets including Los Angeles, New York City and Portland, Ore.

Among the more interactive advertising elements is a hand-painted mural in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, N.Y. featuring five of the brands overachievers, such as actress Sasha Lane, media executive Joe La Puma, and Paralympic athlete Justin Widhalm. The murals Snapchat wall allows smartphone users to scan codes through the photo sharing app that reveal stunning photography and inspiring stories from the influencers. A vinyl version of the wall will debut in Portland later this summer.

Abrahamson said selecting brand influencers from a wide variety of fields and backgrounds, ranging from pro athletes to a college student in a marching band, underlines Essentias positioning as an inclusive brand interested in celebrating consumers personal stories.

We really want to invite everybody into this, she said. Our end goal from a high-level brand standpoint is we are really trying to start that movement for better hydration.

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Essentia Evolution: New Logo, Marketing Campaign Announced - BevNET.com

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Yale Biologist: Natural Selection Is Not the Only Source of Design – Discovery Institute

Posted: at 1:55 am

Natural selection is not the only source of design in nature, writes Richard O. Prum, an evolutionary biologist at Yale in a mischievous article for the New York Times (Are These Birds Too Sexy to Survive?).

Not the only source ofdesign? He wrote that? Where?

Dont get too excited. His article, excerpted from a new book, The Evolution of Beauty, isnt arguing for intelligent design. But he uses the word design several times four, to be exact in a relatively short article to characterize what accounts for the capacity of flight in birds. For more on that, see the explicitly ID-oriented Illustra documentary, Flight: The Genius of Birds.

This is what I mean by mischievous. Surely a professor at Yale is smart enough to know what a provocation it is to use such language.

He focuses on one South American bird, the club-winged manakin, that in terms of Darwinian natural selection ought not to exist. The male club-winged manakin has a distinctive song and dance. The song sounds something like, Bip-WANNGG!, Bip-WANNGG!, Bip-WANNGG! Thats how it is transcribed, anyway, though I am not sure I hear it that way.

These birds are adorable, and the song necessitates a unique motion of the wings and a heavy, club-like accompanying bone structure that almost certainly comes at a steep cost.

The problem for evolution?

The male club-wings cannot have it both ways: They cannot evolve simultaneously for the most efficient flight and the most beautiful wing songs. Because the birds are rare and live far from major research laboratories, we have no data yet on how their wings affect their flight. But its obvious they do: In the wild, it is easy to see that male club-wings fly awkwardly. Most likely they have diminished maneuverability and efficiency.

In other words, they have evolved to be worse at flying in order to be more attractive to mates.

Evolution knows how to deal with a paradox like this: explain it away, rationalize it. Thats how evolution skeptics would characterize the move. And Professor Prum does too:

Evolutionary biologists have tried to explain away the survival costs of sexual ornaments by imagining that beauty is a so-called honest handicap: By surviving despite his awkward wing bones, the male is displaying his superior quality to mates with every Bip-WAANGG.

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The clumsy wings of males could be rationalized as a handicap that provides information about the birds condition or genetic quality. But the observation that female club-wings have also probably made themselves less capable fliers can only be described as decadent sexual selection leading to a decline in the capacity for survival. [Emphasis added.]

The metaphor of sexual decadence is too obvious to neglect, and Prum does not neglect it:

Once organisms evolve the capacity for subjective evaluation, and the freedom of choice, then animals become agents in their own evolution. One of the hallmarks of autonomy, of course, is the freedom to mess up.

Prum suggests that the phenomenon, discarding survival for sexiness, is more widespread than youd think, and that it can lead species to their own destruction. Some have said much the same of national cultures, from Rome to Weimar Germany.

It is, in any event, another illustration of how evolution has the remarkable ability to explain anything and its opposite fitness, or decadence with equal ease. Call it rationalizing. Call it explaining away. But as others have asked, can a theory that seems to exclude nothing really be said to explain anything?

H/t: Denyse OLeary.

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Yale Biologist: Natural Selection Is Not the Only Source of Design - Discovery Institute

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