Daily Archives: April 25, 2017

Uber Fingerprinting Users Shows the Danger of Thinking All Technology Is Magic – Motherboard

Posted: April 25, 2017 at 4:54 am

The thing that surprised me about the latest scandal brewing around Uber is that anybody is surprised. Accused of "fingerprinting" phonesassigning a persistent identity to the hardware and then associating this with a user of their serviceitsreal crime is the attempt to disguise the practice from Apple using geo-fencing. Because the only reason Apple has rules about fingerprinting phones is that, in the past, it was far more commonplace than you may have realized.

For the first few years of the iPhone's life Apple even provided a method call in their Software Development Kit (SDK)the software used to build apps for the phoneto help developers map unique hardware addresses to real names and phone numbers. Apple did this because uniquely mapping users to specific hardware simplifies a lot of backend management for app developers.

This method survived in the SDK for a number of years, and when it was finally deprecated back in 2011 there was a huge rush by developers to figure out how to generate a unique hardware fingerprint via other methods. Apple even created a drop-in replacement method to create a unique identifier when an app started for the first time, but this identity wasn't unique to the hardwareif a user deleted the app, and then reinstalled, a different unique identity was generatedso developers hated it.

So the fact Uber worked around Apple's rules doesn't surprise me in the slightest, considering the nature of its app doing so probably simplified the company's life enormously. Not least because it wasn't, at least on the face of things, using the hack to track its users but to combat driver fraud in markets like China. Its hubris, and the reason Travis Kalanick got a personal slap on the wrist from Tim Cook, was trying to disguise it from Apple. If Uber been more upfront about things it may well have gotten away with it. Anecdotally at least, it wouldn't have been the first time Apple had allowed "favored partners" to brake the App Store rules.

But as average people become more distant from the underlying mechanisms of how the technology they use every day actually works, it has become harder to explain how technology works.

Most people aren't particularly aware of the amount of data just leaks from their phones, to developers, and into the environment. I used to give a talk at big data conferences about what I call "migratory data,"the hidden data you carry with you all the time, the slowly growing data sets on your movements, contacts and social interactions, generated by your phone. But as average people become more distant from the underlying mechanisms of how the technology they use every day actually works, it has become harder to explain how technology works. I've stopped giving the talk, because even for the people working in technology, staying on top of how everything works has become a huge burden only alleviated by commoditization.

As an individual technology becomes a commodity the number of people who know how it works decreases. The obvious example technology to point to here, one we're all used to, is the car. Back in the 1950's pretty much every teenager worked on their own car, knew how it worked "under the hood." Today, most teenagers don't, and due to rising insurance ratesand perhaps an awareness that self-driving cars are on the horizona lot of teenagers aren't even learning to drive any more. Those of us approaching our middle years in Generation X are probably the last with that particular dying skill. Being able to drive will soon go the way of being able to ride a horse, something that you no longer need to know, because it's been hidden by technology.

You can see the same sort of commoditization in the cloud computing. The ability to run your own servers is a dying skill set amongst technologists, it has been hidden away. If you need a server, you just spin up an EC2 instance, and with "serverless" computing becoming more popular, even the knowledge of how to build and deploy an EC2 instance will become hidden by another layer of technology. The very name "serverless" shows how the underlying technology of servers has been encapsulation away from the end user. Of course there are servers, but most of us don't need to understand how they work any more.

This is how the modern world works: we build something, and then we commoditize it so that it can be used by non-experts. There really isn't any way to operate in today's society without this mechanism, but it makes systems fragile. Which is why projects like the Global Village Construction Seta set of open source designs to build all the manufacturing and agricultural tools you'd need to kickstart an industrial civilizationexist. Because if you dig deep enough eventually we all run out of knowledge. Cars, servers, microchips, it just depends when your personal technology stack runs out.

Cloud computing has spawned a whole clutch of interesting startups and tools that couldn't be built without it, however evidently they're all things that could be implemented on top of the cloud. It's therefore sort of interesting to speculate what technologies haven't arrived because it's hard, or even impossible, to implement them inside the framework of the higher level concepts that form the basis of understanding for most developers now using cloud infrastructure.

If we lose sight of the underlying workings of technology we limit our vision to the use cases that were originally envisioned when the wrappers around it were created.

If a developer doesn't understand how things work underneath they'll use them as a black box, and using tools in that fashion makes doing things that the original expert that built the high level toodoing things out of the ordinaryalmost impossible. If we lose sight of the underlying workings of technology we limit our vision to the use cases that were originally envisioned when the wrappers around it were created.

You can do a lot of interesting things by shrugging off the underlying complexity and using the black boxes other people have built. But you can do entirely different interesting things when you fundamentally understand what's inside the boxes. The next level down. Because you can make the technology do things that people working at the black box level can't.

Of course these days, in this century, the level below the black box is usually another level of black boxes. It's pretty much black boxes all the way down. For instance, it has now actually become impossible to design a modern microprocessor by hand; to do that, you need a computer. Think about that for a bit in the dead of night, and about how fragile that makes us as a society.

The modern world just wouldn't be possible without commoditization of knowledge. But you should at least try and be aware of what you don't know, and a lot of people aren't. Which to me, is the only thing the Uber story goes to prove.

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IBM Tests Watson Technology to Keep Eye on Traders – Fox Business

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NEW YORK International Business Machines Corp. is piloting its Jeopardy-winning Watson technology as a tool for catching rogue traders at large financial institutions, executives said in an interview Monday.

The company's Watson Financial Services product looks for patterns in traders' chats and emails while also analyzing numerical trading data. The surveillance tool is being piloted with a handful, or fewer than 10, financial-industry clients, said Bridget van Kralingen, senior vice president of IBM Industry Platforms.

The company is also developing other capabilities for the technology, Ms. van Kralingen said. One analyzes regulatory text to identify obligations that companies might face and to help assess whether the company's compliance programs are sufficient to comply with the rules. Another would assist banks in detecting suspicious customers or transactions.

The services are a new foray for IBM as it seeks to win a larger slice of the multibillion-dollar business of helping banks comply with regulations. The project is one of many efforts to make the Watson artificial intelligence computer program bear fruit six years after its debut besting human contestants on the Jeopardy game show.

In September, IBM agreed to buy financial consultancy Promontory Financial Group, a move executives said was designed to help train Watson in the Byzantine business of bank rules.

When it went on Jeopardy, Watson was a generalist, answering trivia questions about a range of topics. IBM has since been working to beef up its expertise in specific fields, such as treating cancer.

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The trader-surveillance capability is Watson's most advanced in the financial-services realm, said Ms. Van Kralingen and Eugene Ludwig, who founded Promontory and continues to run it as part of IBM, in a joint interview Monday.

They likened their effort to Watson's application for medical diagnoses. In that context, Watson will read medical literature and consider patient histories and symptoms before offering a potential diagnosis. At a financial firm, Watson might analyze trader chats, emails, trading data, market data and other inputs to flag cases where a bank employee might be engaging in insider trading or market manipulation.

The pitch is that banks need Watson because compliance officers alone can't analyze all that information, and because other technology relies on more rudimentary tools such as searching emails for words that might raise red flags. Watson, IBM says, analyzes more data and is more sophisticated in identifying patterns.

"I think about it like a detective that can do problem solving, rather than just a search. And that is the difference that many risk and compliance officers are desperate for," said Ms. Van Kralingen.

She said Watson is learning how to move beyond its ability to process language, which was the basis for its competition on Jeopardy, to work with numerical financial data.

The capability for Watson to analyze regulatory text and banks' own compliance systems is still under construction, she said. That project is relying both on Promontory's stable of expert former regulators and on data that Promontory has created identifying individual obligations for banks among thousands of pages of federal rules, the executives said.

In the anti-money-laundering arena, IBM is trying to create a tool that would be better than existing technology at identifying suspicious transactions, they said. The goal is for the technology to generate fewer "false positives" -- transaction alerts that banks spend time investigating, only to find out later that they are innocuous.

Mr. Ludwig said that "the enthusiasm is unbelievable" among potential clients for the anti-money-laundering tool.

To be sure, the learning process for Watson can be a long road. Previous projects have run into hurdles. One attempt to use it in cancer treatment at a Texas hospital stalled due in part to challenges of integrating the technology with the hospital's data systems, even though IBM said Watson itself was working effectively in that context.

Write to Ryan Tracy at ryan.tracy@wsj.com

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

April 24, 2017 13:54 ET (17:54 GMT)

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Fact-checking Trump’s claims about his progress in first 100 days – CBS News

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WASHINGTON -- In an Associated Press interview, President Donald Trump claimed more progress than hes achieved on his 100-day plan and showed he was not completely familiar with what he had promised in that contract with voters.

A look at some of his assertions in the interview conducted Friday and other statements he made over the past week:

TRUMP, on his 100-day plan: Im mostly there on most items. -- AP interview

THE FACTS: Hes not. Many have yet to be taken up.

Of 38 specific promises Trump made in his 100-day contract with voters, hes accomplished 10, mostly through executive orders that dont require legislation. For example, hes withdrawn the U.S. from the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, created a violent crime task force and lifted restrictions on fossil fuel development. Of the 10 pieces of legislation he promised, none has been achieved and most have not been introduced, with the notable exception of the health care overhaul that was put in play but withdrawn from Congress because of insufficient support. That proposal is being reworked.

He hasnt started on 15 of his 100-day promises, which include several immigration laws, college affordability, infrastructure incentives and punishment for companies that move jobs overseas. Saturday will be his 100th day.

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President Donald Trump will look to avoid a government shutdown as he heads into the final week of the first 100 days of his administration. Mr. ...

TRUMP: I think the 100 days is, you know, its an artificial barrier. Its not very meaningful. -- AP interview

THE FACTS: Hes right that a 100-day measurement of a new president is artificial. As for whether its meaningful, that depends on how much meaning a presidential candidate invests in that benchmark. Trump invested it with a series of promises by which he was to be measured in 100 days, released in an appearance at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on Oct. 22.

What follows is my 100-day action plan to Make America Great Again, says the manifesto. It is a contract between myself and the American voter.

It continued: On November 8th, Americans will be voting for this 100-day plan to restore prosperity to our economy, security to our communities, and honesty to our government. This is my pledge to you.

Trump has grown dismissive of the 100-day mark, calling it ridiculous, and now plays down his manifesto even as he boasts of his achievements. In the AP interview, he appeared to attribute the plan to his campaign staff, saying Somebody, yeah, somebody put out the concept of a 100-day plan.

TRUMP: I didnt put Supreme Court judge on the 100 (day) plan, and I got a Supreme Court judge. -- AP interview

THE FACTS: He actually did promise in his plan to begin the process of selecting a replacement for Justice Scalia. On this, he delivered more than promised -- not only starting the process of finding a new Supreme Court justice but winning Senate confirmation of Neil Gorsuch, who now sits on the court.

TRUMP: No administration has accomplished more in the first 90 days. -- Tuesday at the Kenosha, Wisconsin, headquarters of Snap-on tools

THE FACTS: Trumps legislative victories are minor, surpassed by those of a variety of high achievers in the White House.

Taking office in the Great Depression, Roosevelt quickly declared a banking holiday to quiet panic, called a special session of Congress and won passage of emergency legislation to stabilize the banking system. He came forward with a flurry of consequential legislation that set the pillars of the New Deal in place within his first 100 days, the most concentrated period of U.S. reform in U.S. history, say Alan Brinkley and Davis Dyer in The Readers Companion to the American Presidency. No fewer than 14 historic laws were enacted in that time.

Trumps big agenda items, like his promised tax overhaul and infrastructure plan, have yet to reach Congress. His attempt to secure the borders from people from terrorism-prone regions is so far blocked by courts. His first attempt to repeal and replace President Barack Obamas health care law failed in Congress.

Trump neednt look as far back as FDR to see a president who got off to a fast start. Obama signed a $787 billion stimulus package into law in his first month, while also achieving laws expanding health care for children and advancing equal pay for women in that time.

Like Roosevelt, Obama came to office in an economic crisis, the worst since the Depression. Lawmakers from both parties were inclined to act quickly and did, even as they fought over the details of the big stimulus package that defined Obamas early days.

President Ronald Reagans 100 days were considered the hardest-driving since FDRs time, even though Reagan was shot March 30, 1981. He presented Congress with the most consequential tax, spending and government-overhaul plan it had seen in decades, a comprehensive package that exceeds in scope anything Trump has brought forward, including his first run at health care. Congressional approval came later.

TRUMP: The weak illegal immigration policies of the Obama Admin. allowed bad MS 13 gangs to form in cities across U.S. We are removing them fast! -- tweet, Tuesday

THE FACTS: Obama cant be blamed for allowing MS-13 to form as a nationwide gang because that happened long before he became president.

A fact sheet from Trumps own Justice Department states that the gang, which originated in the 1980s in the Central American community in Los Angeles, quickly spread to states across the country.

The department indirectly credits the Obama administration, in its early years, with helping to rein in the group: Through the combined efforts of federal, state, and local law enforcement, great progress was made diminishing or severely (disrupting) the gang within certain targeted areas of the U.S. by 2009 and 2010.

The U.S. carried out record deportations during the Obama administration and, on MS-13 specifically, took the unprecedented action of labelling the street gang a transnational criminal organization and announcing a freeze on its U.S. assets.

Such actions were not enough to bring down the group and the Trump administration says it will do more.

According to an FBI assessment from January 2008, before Obama took office, the gang was operating in at least 42 states and the District of Columbia, roughly the same number of states estimated now. The assessment said the group was made up of Salvadoran nationals and first-generation Salvadoran-Americans. The FBI at the time did not provide a breakdown of how many of the gangs members were immigrants or U.S. citizens.

TRUMP: I didnt soften my stance on China. Nobodys ever seen such a positive response on our behalf from China, and then the fake media goes Donald Trump has changed his stance on China. I havent changed my stance. Chinas trying to help us. - Fox interview Tuesday

THE FACTS: Its hard to imagine a clearer switch in positions than the presidents abandonment of his campaign pledge to declare China a currency manipulator, a move that would have set the stage for trade penalties. China had once devalued its currency to make its exports artificially cheaper, crowding out other countries products, but in recent years has let market forces do more to shape currency exchange rates. Even as Trump railed against Chinese currency manipulation in the presidential campaign, there already were signs that China was taking steps to keep the value of the yuan from sinking further against the dollar.

Trump didnt let go of his accusation easily. As recently as April 2 he told The Financial Times that the Chinese are world champions of currency manipulation.

TRUMP, speaking about fellow NATO members, says he wants to make sure these countries start paying their bills a little bit more. You know, theyre way, way behind. -- remarks in Kenosha

THE FACTS: Thats an oversimplification of NATO financial obligations, and one Trump has made repeatedly. NATO members are not in arrears on payments. They committed in 2014 to ensuring that by 2024, they would be spending 2 percent of their gross domestic product on their military budgets. Most NATO countries are spending less than that now, and Washington is putting pressure on them to do more.

In any event, the commitment is for these nations to spend more on their own military capabilities, which would strengthen the alliance, not to hand over money.

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Cowboys Encouraged By Jaylon Smith’s Continued Progress In Recovery – DallasCowboys.com

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FRISCO, Texas For all the intrigue surrounding this years NFL draft, the loudest buzz in the Cowboys organization is about one of last years draft picks.

More than a year removed from undergoing major surgery on his injured left knee, Jaylon Smith is continuing to show signs of progress in his recovery. Given what that could mean for the Dallas defense, its a story that has garnered plenty of attention during the offseason.

Cowboys owner/general manager Jerry Jones stoked the fire further on Monday, when he acknowledged that Smith has started to feel sensations in his left foot.

His doctors are very encouraged, which is the one that I spend the most credibility to, Jones said. They are very excited about his feelings, about his feelings in his foot area. Hes lifting those toes.

Jones has long been optimistic about Smiths odds of returning to his previous ability back when he was considered one of the five best prospects in the 2016 NFL Draft, prior to tearing both his ACL and LCL and damaging his peroneal nerve in a New Years Day bowl game 16 months ago.

But the revelation that Smith has begun to move his toes is plenty enough reason for optimism. Due to the nerve damage in his leg, the 21-year-old linebacker has been experiencing dropfoot since the injury, and there has been speculation since last spring that he would require a brace to be able to move properly on the football field.

Jones acknowledged that Smith is still dealing with that issue as it stands right now though not in the same capacity as he has in the past.

Not as much as it was by a significant degree three weeks ago. Not as much as it was in relation to three weeks ago as it was three weeks before that or three weeks before that, Jones said. And dont make it a given that hes going to have the brace on Im just telling you what I do see, his arrow is going up.

Only time will tell if that comes to pass, but theres no denying what it would mean to the Cowboys if Smith is in fact capable of playing like his old self. The organization decided to draft the Notre Dame standout 34th overall last spring, knowing full well the long recovery that awaited.

Most draft analysts agree that Smith would have been one of last years top 10 picks had he remained healthy.

I think as much as anything else, one of the reasons that we felt good enough to draft him with the situation that he was in last year was the kind of person he is, said Cowboys coach Jason Garrett. Thats the thing that just leaped out at us, the kind of spirit he has, his willingness to work hard at it.

Jones said Monday he expects Smith to be able to function just like any other player by the time the Cowboys get to training camp. If that is in fact that case, it could be quite a boost for the Cowboys.

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Jacksonville foundation, schools help youth with autism make progress – Florida Times-Union

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Twelve-year-old Zachary Gomez loves ceiling fans.

The Jacksonville boy has been assembling them right out of the box, using no instructions, since he was 6.

Zac has shelves full of a variety of different ceiling fan parts. From the blades, the motors, arm brackets, bulbs, light shades, tools and a compartment for all of the screws, and some things that I dont even know what they are called, said his mother, Sara Gomez. He spends most of his free time either watching instructional videos on how to install ceiling fans, or how to build things, or assembling his own fans in his room.

When he was 1 year to 18 months old, his parents began noticing that he had such over the top obsessiveness about certain things, she said. They also noticed he was losing his early verbal babbling skills. Those and other concerns led to a diagnosis of moderate autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, shortly after he turned 2. The spectrum refers to a range of conditions characterized, in varying degrees, by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors.

Zachary has made vast improvements since then, first in public-school autism programs and now at a private school. He also has attended special camps, and received a service dog and other support through the Ponte Vedra Beach-based HEAL (Healing Every Autistic Life) Foundation, which has raised about $2 million for the autism community. In line with Autism Awareness Month, the foundation will have its annual Zoo Walk fundraiser April 30 at the Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens.

Most people would respond to hearing of an ASD diagnosis as an Oh my gosh, I am so sorry situation, similar to a death in the family. Id be lying if I said we werent feeling similar emotions initially, Gomez said. In the end, when you jump into this journey of autism, you realize that it is not a death sentence.

Zacharys verbal capacity is limited, but he has other attributes that echo other 12-year-old boys.

He is a very bright, inquisitive, gentle-natured, happy boy, she said. He definitely has a goofy sense of humor and it doesnt take much for one to be able to know how he is feeling at any given time.

By the numbers

Leslie and Bobby Weed established HEAL in 2004, inspired by their daughter, Lanier, now 19, who is nonverbal and profoundly affected by autism. When she was diagnosed in 2000, 1 in 500 people in the United States had the disorder, Leslie Weed said.

By 2007, the numbers had exploded to 1 in 150, she said. The schools were bursting at the seams and there were no summer camps, sports leagues or programs for those with autism. Bobby and I saw a great need in our community.

HEAL has given grants to public-school autism programs in six counties and to private schools, including the North Florida School of Special Education, which Zachary attends, and Jacksonville School for Autism. The foundation has donated iPads for use in classrooms of children with autism, and funded 50 autism service dogs, 15 camps, educational seminars, and year-round recreational and social events for families, among other things, Leslie Weed said.

The current rate of autism diagnoses is in the 1-in-50 to 1-in-68 range, depending on the source.

The recent sharp rise in numbers of autism has been described as an epidemic among children, Weed said. Many with autism also suffer from a constellation of illnesses, intestinal disorders and autoimmune diseases. The cause of autism is a heavily debated subject. Scientific researchers are looking into genetics and environmental causes.

HEALs iPad program has become a revolutionary tool in teaching for the area children with autism who cannot speak, she said.

This technology helps students communicate, finally giving them a voice, she said.

Making it personal

Nick Dunham was about 18 months old when he was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. His mother wanted a comprehensive learning program for him. Like Weed, when she could not find adequate resources, she created them. She is founder and executive director of the Jacksonville School for Autism, which her son attends.

It started out of fear and hope, Michelle Dunham said. I wanted Nick to have the ability to have experiences.

Founded in 2005, the school combines aspects of applied behavior analysis therapy, speech and language therapy, motor skills training, sensory integration therapy, play and socialization with peers. Students learn a blend of academics and social skills.

We teach them how to act in all types of environments, Dunham said.

Enrollment is at about 50, ages 2 to 30. Their needs vary because individual cases can be mild, moderate or severe.

If youve met one individual child with autism, youve (only) met one individual child with autism, she said. They all have intelligence. Its how we reach them.

Jackson McLean, 9, is one of the students.

He said his favorite thing to do at school is play games, but he proudly showed his academic prowess by reciting numbers up to 20 in Spanish, Uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho

Jackson quickly jumped from one topic to another.

Monday were moving into a new house. Its perfect, he said.

Students also participate in art and music programs, and do chores. Young students help prepare daily meals, older students help clean the cafeteria.

Dunhams son, now 18, is on the cafeteria clean-up crew. He has limited verbal skills, but is very sensory and uses his body to show his emotions, she said. When she visited the cafeteria while he was working, he greeted her with hugs and kisses.

Thats my big Nick, she said. Hes a happy boy.

Adulthood

Helping students learn workforce skills is critical, Dunham said. At her school, vocational students work on gardening and landscaping projects, among other things, and have jobs at stores and restaurants. Nick works in the produce department of a Publix, where his fruit displays are meticulously arranged.

Over the next five years, Dunham envisions a new, larger campus with more vocational training and housing for students who are aging out of the program. Because of the 1-in-50 diagnosis rate, there will be a nationwide tsunami of such young adults in coming years, she said, and there have to be jobs, housing and other support services for them.

Now a lot of (aged-out) kids are just sitting at home, Dunham said. They have to have a sustainable income.

The North Florida School for Special Education serves about 150 students ages 6 to 22 who have intellectual disabilities, including autism. In addition to vocational programs, the school helps prepare students for the workplace by visiting regular education students at other schools and community events.

Such reverse inclusion opportunities allow other people to see the students abilities rather than their disabilities and give students the chance to practice appropriate social skills, said Deb Rains, assistant head of school and director of admissions.

The school has a transition program for ages 18 to 22 and a post-graduate program for young adults for ages 22 to 40.

Sara Gomez has high hopes for Zacharys future.

A lot of things change when you get that diagnosis, she said. It may not be the route we expected to take, but you learn to appreciate and celebrate the little things in life, and how much we used to take for granted. We look at it as a different journey with a few detours.

Beth Reese Cravey: (904) 359-4109

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Levine: White Sox Pitching Coach Inspects Progress Of Rehabbing Carlos Rodon – CBS Chicago

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CBS Chicago
Levine: White Sox Pitching Coach Inspects Progress Of Rehabbing Carlos Rodon
CBS Chicago
CHICAGO (CBS) The White Sox really don't have much to say about the Carlos Rodon pitching plan. The 24 -year-old Rodon has been on the shelf after injuring his left biceps in mid-March. There are no plans to get him on the mound at this time ...

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Encouraging News On Our Progress Against Cancer – Technology Networks

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When one death in four in the United States is due to cancer, progress against this terrible disease is important news. Reading through the recently released Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 19752014, I couldnt help but feel encouraged.

The reportjointly issued by NCI, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Cancer Society, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registriesfinds continued declines in cancer mortality rates for men, women, and children for most cancer sites. I urge all of you to read the report for an excellent perspective on the current trends in incidence, mortality, and survival rates for cancer.

The optimistic portrait of our progress against cancer led me to also reflect upon other ways we can know whether we are making progress.

The CDCs reported mortality rates (in 2015, the year for which they have the most recent figures) further corroborate a decline in cancer deaths. For the past 5 years, nearly 75% of all deaths in the United States could be attributed to the same 10 causesled by heart disease, cancer, and lung disease. For eight out of the nine major causes other than cancer, mortality rates increased, and for the ninth, they remained flat. Cancer was the only cause where mortality rates actually decreased (by 1.7%) in 2015.

Having spent my entire career working to better understand the biology of cancer cells and how tumors develop and progress, I see this as very exciting news.

Sustained Investment in Research

To what can we attribute this progress? Cancer prevention is one major reasonand a very important one, because it has the potential to save even more lives in the long run than treatment.

NCI has made significant investments in research over many decades to improve prevention, cancer screening, and early detection, as well as to increase uptake of effective prevention strategies so that fewer people will be diagnosed with cancer and suffer from its physical, financial, social, and psychological harms.

Tobacco control effortsoften founded on NCI-supported researchhave certainly paid off in terms of reducing smoking and lung cancer rates over the past few decades. In addition, increased screening for colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer have helped improve mortality rates.

Clearly, NCIs decades-long investment in basic biological research is another critical component of the continued progress we are seeing. Our deeper understanding of cancers complexities has led to new therapeutic approaches that are being applied to a broad spectrum of cancers.

For example, we now incorporate, as part of our treatment arsenal for some cancers, a group of immunotherapy drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. These agents work by removing the brakes on the immune system, allowing immune cells to kill cancer cells more effectively.

Very recently, for example, the checkpoint inhibitor avelumab (Bavencio) became the first ever FDA-approved treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer for which there had been no effective treatment until now. Its worth noting that my colleagues in NCIs Center for Cancer Research played an important role in the early trials that led to this approval, something of which we can all be proud.

Childhood Cancer

The outlook has greatly improved for young people who develop cancer. Fifty years ago, childhood cancer was virtually incurable. Today, thanks to advances in treatment, the large majority of children diagnosed with cancer can be cured. This has led to a growing population of young cancer survivors, with approximately 100,000 cancer survivors under age 20 in the United States.

Nevertheless, far too many children are still harmed by or die from cancer. Even one child who dies of cancer is one child too many. And although substantial progress has been made against several types of childhood cancer, there are other childhood cancers for which we have made limited progress and survival rates are still low. NCI is committed to speeding progress against childhood cancer and identifying effective treatments to reduce the number of children who succumb to their disease.

NCI, for instance, has been a leader in developing CAR T-cell therapies for children with leukemia and lymphoma. And Im particularly excited about the expected launch later this year of Pediatric MATCH, the pediatric counterpart to the NCI-MATCH trial of targeted therapies for adults with advanced cancers.

Complexity of Disparities

I was pleased to read in the Annual Report to the Nation that overall cancer death rates decreased for all major racial/ethnic groups over the past decades. However, certain racial/ethnic populations continue to have higher incidence and mortality rates than the general population for some cancers, including liver cancer, kidney cancer, and multiple myeloma.

Survival also varies widely by geographic area, with cancer patients in rural areas, in particular, tending to have poorer outcomes. Although many of these disparities can be attributed to differences in access to cancer screening and quality of cancer care, we need a better understanding of how the complex interplay between genetics and lifestyle influences outcomes.

Our research continues to explore innovative ways to reduce the effects of both biological and nonbiological factors that contribute to cancer disparities. As a society, we must ensure that cancer research and treatment are representative of, and reach broadly across, the entire country, meeting the needs of all demographicsrich and poor, urban and rural, and all racial/ethnic populations.

Survival Rates and Survivorship

Although trends in mortality rates are the most commonly used statistics to assess progress against cancer, trends in survival rates are another key measure. In the last quarter century, the number of cancer survivors in the United States has more than doubledfrom 7 million to over 15 million. Two out of three people diagnosed with cancer will survive 5 years or more after diagnosis.

This upward trend in overall survival rates, reinforced by decreasing cancer mortality rates, is a robust measure of progress and very heartening news.

But we must also pay attention to the quality of survivors lives. This is nowhere more evident than among survivors of childhood cancer.

Young cancer survivors live much longer, on average, than adult survivors. This means that they will have many more years of dealing with serious long-term and late effects of cancer and its treatment, including an increased risk of second cancers. Our goal is to find more-effective and less-toxic treatments so that, to the extent possible, survivors can look forward to a quality of life after their cancers have been treated that is as good as that of people who havent had cancer.

The Long-Term Follow-Up StudyExit Disclaimer, helmed by St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital, is an example of some of the important research that NCI is funding in this area.

Last month, during my visit to St. Jude, the only NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center that is dedicated solely to pediatric cancer patients, I had an opportunity to hear firsthand a more in-depth perspective on this large-scale, long-term study that is tracking some 24,000 childhood-cancer survivors and their families, and helping us learn more about the long-term health effects of treatment for childhood cancer.

Results from these types of studies have the potential for recommending changes to treatment protocols, such as lower doses of radiation to help survivors live healthier lives.

The Road Ahead

Progress against cancer is big news and inspiring. Yet we know that cancer is still taking too many lives. Moreover, the great strides we are making in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer is not universal for all forms of the disease; mortality rates for some cancers, such as liver, pancreas, brain, and uterine, are still increasing.

My strong belief is that with our recent scientific discoveries, coupled with our steadfast commitment and galvanized momentum to accelerate progress, we will be able to bring mortality rates down faster and improve the lives of all patients and their loved ones.

This article has been republished frommaterialsprovided by NCI. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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WHO, Medical Workers, Mark Progress in Southeast Asia Malaria Fight – Voice of America

Posted: at 4:54 am

BANGKOK

Concerted campaigns in the Greater Mekong Subregion [GMS] to radically reduce the impact of malaria has lifted hopes a vital target to eradicate malaria from the region may be within reach.

Deyer Gobinath, a malaria technical officer with the World Health Organization (WHO) in Thailand, said the outlook is positive for eliminating severe forms of malaria across the region within the next decade.

The goal is for most of the GMS countries by 2025 to try and eliminate falciparium malaria the most severe form of malaria the falciparium malariia - and then by 2030 basically all forms or all species of malaria, Gobinath said.

In 2015, WHO leaders said there were 14 million malaria cases across Southeast Asia, resulting in 26,000 deaths. Globally, in the same year, the WHO reported 438,000 lives lost, mostly in Africa and warned that 3.2 billion people almost half the worlds population face health risks from the disease.

Mortality rates decline; challenges remain

The campaigns in Southeast Asia cover Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, all reporting consistent declines in mortality rates, by as much as 49 percent since 2000.

Populations most vulnerable to the mosquito-borne disease are largely in remote border regions, isolated from infrastructure and immediate medical support.

The key areas of concern lie in regions between Thailand and Myanmar also known as Burma and in Cambodia among others.

But Saw Nay Htoo, director of the Burma Medical Association, said collaboration between medics and local communities has had a positive impact in reducing malarias impact.

In the ground level we set up the malaria [clinic] post which we have at least one malaria health worker, according to the population they have, to detect malaria, he said. And if there is malaria positive then the patient is given the malaria medicine. So we have been doing this for three years. It seems our program is going very well there are less malaria cases in the border areas.

Combination of drugs

The fight against malaria is largely based on a combination of drugs known as Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy, or ACT, as the main line of drug treatment.

The World Health Organization's Gobinath said Thailands medical infrastructure and funding support have all contributed to lowering the numbers of malaria cases.

For malaria in Thailand heres been quite a remarkable decrease a steady decrease, decline in the number of confirmed cases of malaria. In the past 10 years or so something like 30,000 cases in 2012; to 2015 it was 19,000 to 20,000 cases. So its been a gradual but persistent decline of confirmed malaria cases, he told VOA.

But he said for progress to be sustained it will require continued political will and commitment.

WHO officials said attention needs to focus on migrant worker populations moving across the regions borders. Thai health authorities have taken steps to enable medical access to migrant populations at risk of malaria, largely in remote border areas.

The battle far from over

But challenges remain, said Maria Dorina Bustos, a WHO technical officer with responsibilities for monitoring drug resistant strains of malaria across 18 countries in the Asia Pacific.

Dorina Bustos said the region with drug resistant forms of malaria is spreading. The Thai-Cambodia or the Thai-Myanmar border, you need to think about the Thai-Laos border because the Southern Laos drug resistance is also about evident is documented, it is also there. And what is actually more alarming is happening in the Cambodia side, she told VOA.

She said drug resistance becomes evident in the delay in clearance of the parasite from the patient. Dorina Bustos says the use of fake drugs and self-treatment also opens the way to drug resistance.

What we are seeing in the last five years is that it is really emerging in the most parts of the region initially just in the Western border of Cambodia and now it has also spread to the east and almost the whole country, Dorina Bustos said.

She said there is a need for close monitoring of major population centers especially in India and Africa to ensure successful treatment and avoiding issues of the use of fake medicines.

A positive note has been ongoing investment and research in new drugs, including commitments by major pharmaceutical industries.

Its really here in the Mekong where we really have a problem. Cambodia, the borders of Thailand, the borders of Thai/Laos and Cambodia/Vietnam its very specific in the Mekong region, she said. For Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and even India, Bangladesh and Nepal the ACT [Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy] is all working perfectly well.

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Transhumanism University of Minnesota Press

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Transhumanism posits that humanity is on the verge of rapid evolutionary change as a result of emerging technologies and increased global consciousness. However, this insight is dismissed as a naive and controversial reframing of posthumanist thought, having also been vilified as the most dangerous idea in the world by Francis Fukuyama. In this book, Andrew Pilsch counters these critiques, arguing instead that transhumanisms utopian rhetoric actively imagines radical new futures for the species and its habitat.

Pilsch situates contemporary transhumanism within the longer history of a rhetorical mode he calls evolutionary futurism that unifies diverse texts, philosophies, and theories of science and technology that anticipate a radical explosion in humanitys cognitive, physical, and cultural potentialities. By conceptualizing transhumanism as a rhetoric, as opposed to an obscure group of fringe figures, he explores the intersection of three major paradigms shaping contemporary Western intellectual life: cybernetics, evolutionary biology, and spiritualism. In analyzing this collision, his work traces the belief in a digital, evolutionary, and collective future through a broad range of texts written by theologians and mystics, biologists and computer scientists, political philosophers and economic thinkers, conceptual artists and Golden Age science fiction writers. Unearthing the long history of evolutionary futurism, Pilsch concludes, allows us to more clearly see the novel contributions that transhumanism offers for escaping our current geopolitical bind by inspiring radical utopian thought.

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Cliff’s Edge Google, Please Solve Death! – Adventist Review

Posted: at 4:52 am

April 21, 2017

At 61 years old, Im moth eaten enough to remember not just John F. Kennedys assassination, but his election to the presidency. Which means that since a tender age Ive been subjected to more than a half century of the fanfaronade, buffoonery, and deceit that every four years makes this great republic look like a cross between Animal House and The Manchurian Candidate as the hoi polloi, exercising their sacred constitutional right to vote, decide who will be the most powerful person in the world.

Death is a bummer, yes, but mostly for those who are alive.

I remember, for instance, Lyndon Johnsons infamous Daisy ad, which, with powerful graphics all but assured Americans that wed be nuked by the Bolsheviks if we elected his GOP opponent, Barry Goldwater, as president.

About 12 years later, I howled with laughter along with a bunch of other Florida Gators in a local Ratskeller when the thirty-eighth president of the United States, Gerald R. Ford Jr., declared during a presidential debate that there is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europein 1976!

And who can forget Michael Dukakis MI-A-I battle tank ride into electoral oblivion, Al Gores (2000) invention of the Internet, and the Howard Dean Scream of 2004?

Nothing, though, compared to the shtick we endured during the 2016 presidential campaign. Even Isomeone whose mitochondria can get overclocked by presidential politicsjust wanted it over.

Amid the hoopla over Hillary Clintons e-mails and Donald Trumps tax returns, however, you might have missed the candidacy of Zoltan Istvan, who traveled around the country in a vehicle shaped like a coffin, dubbed the Immortality Bus. In the mother of all campaign promises (one that made Bernie Sanders desire for universal health care seem trite) candidate Istvan declared that if elected president, he would allocate funds for science and technology to help us overcome death.

Overcome death? With science and technology? Well, considering all that science and technology have done so far (20 years ago watching a movie on a cell phone would have seemed like Star Trek stuff), why not? In 2013 TIME magazine ran a cover article titled, Can Google Solve Death? The subhead read: The search giant is launching a venture to extend the human life span. That would be crazyif it werent Google.

Of course, extending the human life span is one thing (following the advice in Counsels on Diets and Foods would do the trick, too), but thats as far from overcoming death as adding three inches to a yard is from infinity. These people want immortality, not longevity.

PayPal billionaire Peter Theil, for example, is one of the new ber-rich who actually hope their vast coffers can buy off the grim reaper. Theil has been investing in technology in which older people get blood transfusions from younger ones. If, as Scripture says, the life of the flesh is in the blood (Lev. 17:11),wouldnt a fresh supply of young blood be good for the flesh? The logic works. How well the technology will is, well, another matter entirely.

For those put off by this high-tech Dracula stuff, another hoped-for route to the tree of life is to map the complete neural structure of the brain, the unique neuro-chemical configurations that make you and your consciousness distinctly you, and then upload you, in bits and bytes, to a supercomputer. The idea is that if this could ever be done (not likely), your conscious self would exist unencumbered by hemorrhoids, arthritis, and all the other foibles of fallen flesh. However, this potential procedure comes with numerous questions, such as: If they create back-ups, which one is the real you?

Another strategy already being implemented is the freeze-dried approach to immortality, known as Cryonics. At the moment of death, the corpse is immersed into a vat of liquid nitrogen eventually cooled down to -196 degrees centigrade, in hopes that future technology will have so far advanced that you could be thawed out, refurbished, and sent on your merry way. A whole body freeze goes for a cool $200,000. Heads only, called Neurocyropreservation, can be had for $80,000. What good is a thawed-out frozen head? Well, if they can get this brain mapping technology down, the plan would be to thaw out the head, upload the neural structure to a computer and Voila! You are mentally, if not physically, resurrected, existing inside a computer that, ideally, could allow you to exist forever, as long as the parts can be replaced.

If all this seems tragically farfetched, it is. Its its farfetchedness that makes it so tragic, a twenty-first century testament to humanitys futile attempt to beat death, and the even more futile hope that science and technology can do it.

Science is the new God, said Roen Horn, of the Eternal Life Fan Club. Science is the new hope.

Google, please solve death! read a placard carried by a woman on the streets of New York City, another indicator of just how desperately we dont want to die.

Those hopeful mortals counting on some technician in a lab coat to outwit Mother Natures dirtiest trick call themselves Transhumanists, the trans referring to the prospect that science will enable them to transcend their humanity, or at least the one aspect of our humanity that always ends our humanity, which is death. Others call themselves Extropians, a word created to express the opposite of entropy, the physical process that describes on the atomic level why everything, including ourselves, falls apart.

The hope that science can beat death is as mythical a quest as was the search for the Fountain of Youth. Science and technology cant give eternal life. They dont need to. Jesus already has. And this is the testimony: God has given us eternal life, and this life is in His Son (1 John 5:11). I write these things to you who believe in the name of the Son of God so that you may know that you have eternal life (1 John 5:13).All that was needed for eternal life has been given to us in Jesus. The provision has been completed, the price paid, the promise fulfilled. And this is what he promised useternal life (1 John 2:25).

This desperate desire to escape our immediate physical demise, however understandable, rests upon the same ignorance that makes people think that Google might be able to accomplish that escape for them. Death is a bummer, yes, but mostly for those who are alive. From the perspective of those dead, death is experienced as nothing but a short, deep sleep until rising to glory at the Second Coming (for those rising at the third coming, well, things are a bit more problematic).

From Zoltan Istvans Immortality Bus to freezing corpses in vats of nitrogen, Transhumanism and Extropianism are doomed to fail. Worse, setting up science as the new God makes it less likely to trust in the only God who can give people the eternal life they so desperately want.

Of all the various approaches for immortality, Peters Theils, however painfully off track, at least has the mechanism right. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day (John 6:54). The key is blood, yes. He just needs the right source for it.

Clifford Goldstein is editor of the Adult Sabbath School Bible Study Guide. His next book, Baptizing the Devil: Evolution and the Seduction of Christianity, is set to be released by Pacific Press this fall.

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