Daily Archives: April 7, 2017

Top 6 Major Cryptocurrencies and the Differences Between Them … – The Merkle

Posted: April 7, 2017 at 8:39 pm

As most cryptocurrency enthusiasts are well aware of, there are different groups of currencies to take into account. The major cryptocurrencies are all offering something seemingly different, whereas the rest are mostly copy-and-paste clones. However, there are some big differences between the major cryptocurrencies, otherwise there would be very little point in distinguishing between them.

One of the main thing that Dash does well is providing its users with additional privacy when completing transactions. The network of Dash Masternodes provides these services, while also incentivizing users to not spend their wallet balance. Additionally, Dash is making quite an impact in the point-of-sale industry, through strategic partnerships. All things considered, Dash provides a valuable service to people looking for those specific traits.

When it comes to finding anonymous cryptocurrencies, one has to look well beyond bitcoin and others. Monero is leading the charge in the anonymity race due to some innovative concepts. Monero has also been embraced by darknet markets because it provides privacy and anonymity one cannot find in bitcoin. Other use cases for Monero are somewhat limited, though.

Although many have quite contrasting opinions regarding Ripple, one cannot ignore the benefits it brings to the table. Unlike other cryptocurrencies, Ripple is not about speculation, but strongly focuses on transactional utility. Dozens of banks around the world are looking at Ripple to improve their transactions and other day-to-day operations moving forward. Over the past few days, Ripples XRP token saw its price increase significantly due to a new banking partnership.

Over the past year or so, many people have compared Ethereum to bitcoin. That is like comparing apples and oranges, since both ecosystems are nothing alike. Ethereum focuses on the technical side of blockchain development, including native tokens, smart contracts, and decentralized applications. It is possible all of these features will come to bitcoin in the future, but it is good to have some competition among cryptocurrency ecosystems.

To a lot of people, litecoin is either a bitcoin cloneor one of the first original outcomes to gain traction. Litecoin offers a different mining algorithm and faster transactions. Interestingly enough, there are some development similarities between bitcoin and litecoin. Segregated Witness, for example, may very well activate on the litecoin network first before it will go into effect among bitcoin users. Litecoin is accepted as a payment solution in various places, although it is nowhere near bitcoins level of acceptance.

It is impossible to deny the success bitcoin has had. Even though bitcoin has some problems that need addressing, such as scalability and privacy, it has become the worlds leading cryptocurrency with relative ease. Bitcoin is designed to make global transactions possible and boost financial inclusion. Moreover, thousand of merchants all over the world have started accepting bitcoin payments, both in the online and offline world.

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Will self-regulation by Bitcoin players spur RBI to authorise use of virtual currencies? – YourStory.com

Posted: at 8:38 pm

The Digital Asset and Blockchain Foundation of India aims to create awarenessabout the benefits and risks of cryptocurrencies, liaise with regulators and get clarity on taxation, attract investment and set up incubators to promote startups.

Four years after it first warned the users of virtual currencies (VCs), including Bitcoin, in 2013 of the potential financial, operational, legal, and security-related risks that they were exposing themselves to, the Reserve Bank of India(RBI) recently again expressed concern over the risk-prone Bitcoin players, who have no authorisation to deal with Bitcoin.

But these warnings seem to have had no effect on the Bitcoin and cryptocurrency players, who that have now gone a step further and set upthe Digital Asset and Blockchain Foundation of India (DABFI) as a kind of self-regulatory body to lay down rules and regimes for the trading of Bitcoins and other blockchain-based digital assets.

The DABFI initiative is being spearheaded by Bitcoin startups such as SearchTrade, Zebpay, Unocoin, and Coinsecure, and follows from the need to ensure an orderly and transparent growth of the virtual currency market. The foundationis mandated to standardise KYC (Know Your Customer), AML (Anti-Money Laundering), and STR (Suspicious Transaction Report) norms for the member companies and create awareness about the benefits and risks of crypto-currency.

In addition, DABFI will alsoliaise with regulators and get clarity on taxation, attract investment and set up incubators to promote startups, build global relations and actively engage with the international community, and create a public website and regularly print reports on and around Bitcoin and the blockchain.

The foundation is currently working on creating awareness among investors and firms against such schemes and programmes that lead to problematic transactions and mistrust around cryptocurrencies. Vishal Gupta, CEO, Searchtrade and founding member of DABFI, says,

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have tremendous benefits for most marginalised people, merchants, tax departments, and regulatory authorities. It has better price discovery, is anti-inflationary, and the transactions are irreversible.

Vishal says he appreciates RBIs warning in the light of many multi-level marketing (MLM) and network marketing companies offering cloud mining and alt coin, and promising unreal returns to investors. These companies, according to him, are trying to ride the popularity of Bitcoin and trapping uninformed investors with their schemes.

According to Bitcoin startups, since there is no formal recognition of Bitcoin or cryptocurrency, raising capital from accredited investors becomes a major challenge for them. Besides, there is little clarity about the taxation that is applicable to various types of Bitcoin transactions.

The RBI, on its part, maintains that it has not given any licenceor authorisation to any entityor company to deal with Bitcoin or any virtual currency, and as a result, any user, holder, investor, or trader dealing with virtual currencies will be doing so at their own risk.

In response to RBI's stance, Vishal says there is no real need to apply for any licence to deal in Bitcoin, since it has not been definitively identified as a currency yet. So, most businesses treat it as commodity trading, which does not require any sort of licensing.

Bitcoin players believe that self-regulation has worked for various industries that are not covered by any regulation. The Code for Self-Regulation in Advertising, for instance, adopted by the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) has been widely accepted by regulators (through incorporation in the relevant rules), courts, and industry alike. DABFI has engaged an international law firm, Nishith Desai Associates, to assist it in developing norms for self-regulation.

Self-regulation does not work outside the framework of existing laws, but rather tries to create best practices for participating members to comply with established norms. Since blockchain is a relatively new technology, one that is still evolving, self-regulation helps, since experts who are in the know of development and working in the industry can keep pace with rapid developments and study compliances with the law on a day-to-day basis, says Vishal.

He emphasises that there are around 400,000 to 500,000 people who have bought or sold Bitcoin, and that the total market size is approximately Rs 2,000 crore a year in India. Most investors primarily use it as an investment rather than as a currency. Think of it as digital gold rather than currency, says Vishal. According to Mohit Kalra, CEO and Founder, Coinsecure,

"Regulating something so decentralised as Bitcoin is not an easy task. By the time authorities figure it out, all DABFI members will be working on self-regulation to ease out complications for the authorities and the community in the future.

Referring to the RBI caution, Sandeep Goenka, Co-founder of Zebpay, says, "The cautionary note addressed to the regular public is correct in its intention. Cryptocurrencies do face technical risks. However, the cautionary note should not be used against companies who are trying to do legitimate business and self-regulating themselves.

The Digital Asset and Blockchain Foundation of India is an association of people who are keen to propagate the use of digital assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum within India. It is engaged in educating people about the risk associated withinvesting and trading in cryptocurrencies. It also creates and propagates practices Bitcoin businesses must adhere to based on consultations within the industry, as well as with regulators and various other stakeholders. in addition, DABFI has organised various events, bringing in Indian and overseas experts to share their experiences in Bitcoin so as to help people gain a better understanding of the subject.

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain are poised to have a profound impact on both Indian as well as global economic landscape. Beyond currency, blockchain development is now moving into the space of decentralised contract and record management. This has huge implications for transparent governance and land record management, says Vishal.

Website:DABFI

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Bitcoin Casino Gambling Surges In March With Over 1 Billion Bets – newsBTC

Posted: at 8:38 pm

What is even more interesting is how over US$150m worth of bitcoin passed through all of these casinos.

It is evident there is a bright future ahead for bitcoin in the gambling industry. Particularly bitcoin-based provably fair gambling has become a lot more popular throughout 2017. Casinos and gambling platforms dealing with cryptocurrency offer many different benefits, that much is certain. Over 1 billion bitcoin-based bets were placed with bitcoin through March of 2017, which is a spectacular number.

There are plenty of reasons as to why people switch to bitcoin casinos. First of all, the vast majority of platforms focus on being provably fair. In doing so, these companies ensure players can manually verify the outcome of every game. Ensuring the casino doesnt have an unfair house edge is of the utmost importance. Traditional casinos cannot provide such unprecedented transparency.

Additionally, bitcoin offers a lot of advantages compared to traditional payments. First of all, bitcoin provides more privacy, as no personal information is exchanged. Additionally, it is also a transparent payment solution, as anyone can verify the payments in real-time. From a safety point of view, one can rest assured there are no chargebacks or refunds, which matter a lot to casino operators.

Finding the top bitcoin casinos is not an easy feat, although eery platform has something to offer. Most platforms have a wide variety of games and provide some great bonuses to boot. Thankfully, there are some good platforms keeping track of the top bitcoin casinos on behalf of cryptocurrency enthusiasts. Especially the year 2017 has been quite positive for bitcoin casinos in general, with thousands of players making the switch.

Although traditional casinos still have a lot of appeal, trusting them is virtually impossible. Scam accusations can be found all over the internet, and their restricted withdrawal options are not helping matters much either. All of this translates to exponentially increasing amounts of money being bet across bitcoin gambling platforms. Close to US$360,000 worth of bitcoin profit was generated for bitcoin casinos in March, which is quite impressive.

What is even more interesting is how over US$150m worth of bitcoin passed through all of these casinos. If this trend continues, it is very well possible the year 2017 will see US$2bn or more in bets on bitcoin platforms. The first quarter and first week of April combined have netted some interesting results so far. Over US$520m worth of BTC changed hands across 3 billion bets. This translates to 360 bets per second throughout the year, which is a staggering number. Things are definitely improving for bitcoin casinos, that much is certain.

Header image courtesy of Shutterstock

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[Video] Introduction to Bitcoin and Blockchain Technology – 99 Bitcoins (blog)

Posted: at 8:38 pm

Not long ago I gave a talk at Israels first Blockchain conference. It was somewhat of an intro to Blockchain technology as a whole and Bitcoin in particular. Today I wanted to share this talk with you. You can also view the slides for the talk below the video to follow along.

If you enjoy the talk Id appreciate if you could upvote it on YouTube. If you have any questions, feel free to leave them in the comment section below.

Have fun!

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Blogger and owner of 99Bitcoins. I've been dealing with Bitcoin since the beginning of 2013 and it taught me a lesson in finance that I couldn't get anywhere else on the planet. I'm not a techie, I don't understand "Hashes" and "Protocols", I designed this website with people like myself in mind. My expertise is online marketing and I've dedicated a large portion of 99Bitcoins to Bitcoin marketing.

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BitMEX Launches a Segwit and Bigger Bitcoin Blocks Prediction Market – CryptoCoinsNews

Posted: at 8:38 pm

BitMEX, a digital currencies exchange that offers 100x futures on bitcoin, ethereum and other currencies, today announced they are to launch two new prediction markets related to the bitcoin scalability debate.

The first one is a segwit prediction future on whether or not BIP141, also known as Segregated Witness, will be activated on the longest Bitcoin chain by the expiry date (31 December 2017, 12:00 UTC).

The second one is BLOCKS, which is a prediction future on whether a block larger than 1MB will be mined on the longest Bitcoin chain. This, of course, precludes segwit, defining bigger blocks as an increase to the maxblocksize parameter. Arthur Hayes, BitMEXs co-founder, told CCN:

We are launching these markets because we are committed to providing price discovery on issues that are important to the Bitcoin trading community. We do not have a view on whether SegWit should or should not be activated. We do not have a view on whether the block size should or should not be increased. We are agnostic.

The prediction market is not necessarily indicative of the level of support for either segwit or bigger blocks as traders are betting on activation. It may, therefore, assist in suggesting the likelihood of activation of either, with traders who do not necessarily support segwit or bigger blocks nonetheless betting if they think they have information that the wider market does not have.

On this point, Hayes said that they have attempted to craft the prediction markets to be as objective as possible, but a good objective measure of support levels remains lacking despite two years of debate.

Nonetheless, many may see these two new futures as more impartial and fair than what BitFinex offered recently as the terms appear to be what one might expect on a prima facie reading. Potentially offering the market extra information on developments in the scalability debate.

However, the exchange is unlicensed, but Hayes says we abide by all applicable regulations in our home jurisdiction of the Seychelles, a tiny former British colony in the African continent.

Liquidity, of course, is expected to be short to begin with, which may lead to a considerable spread. On that point, Hayes says:

Regarding the spread and liquidity, these are new trading instruments. In the beginning, they will be illiquid, but as people get more comfortable with trading prediction futures contracts on BitMEX, the liquidty will grow and the spreads will tighten.

BitMEXs spread in general and on bitcoin futures appears to be considerable, however Hayes says our Bitcoin/USD swap is one of the most if not the most liquid Bitcoin/USD trading products on the market.

Asked whether they charge traders through spreads like traditional Foreign Exchange platforms, Hayes said no we charge per transaction. We dont trade against our customers.

Of course, for the market to have any confidence that is indeed the case independent audits would be very useful as well as licensing. On the latter point, however, BitMEX might be excused because CFTC continues to make it very difficult to provide margins or futures in a fully regulated manner.

Featured image from Shutterstock.

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Remittance startup uses bitcoin as a bridge between bank accounts – American Banker

Posted: at 8:38 pm

A startup called bridge21 thinks it can use bitcoin to beat banks and money transmitters at the international transfer gameat least for remittances to Mexico.

It works like this: The startup allows any user with a U.S. bank account to send money to a Mexican bank account. Dollars are withdrawn from the user's account and used to buy bitcoin, which bridge21 refers to simply as "digital cash." The company then sends the bitcoin to Mexico, where it is sold for pesos, which are deposited into the recipient's bank account.

The process takes only minutes, following a single confirmation on the bitcoin network.

"Our rates are based on the price of digital cash in the sending and receiving countries, not the bank exchange rates used by everyone else, Will Madden, bridge21's founder and CEO, said in a news release. This means we can often send money at rates no other money transfer company or bank can offer."

Bridge21 is often able to send money to Mexico for 2% or even 5% less than the midmarket rate, he added.

The company has chosen a fraught time to launch its service. As immigration has become a hot-button issue in recent years, remittances have come under fire. President Trump has said he wants to confiscate a portion of Mexicans' remittances to pay for his border wall. Meanwhile, bitcoin is going through one of its periodic constitutional crises, with a technical debate over how to scale the network threatening to split the currency into two competing systems. But the problem bridge21 seeks to solve is real. Remittances are costly, and the poorest or more desperate people are often charged the highest fees. Migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, pay more to send money home than any other groupan average of 9.81%, much higher than the global average of 7.45% and more than one and a half times what it costs to send money to South Asia.

Global remittances totaled more than $601 billion in 2015, according to World Bank estimates. In order to send money home to their families, migrants pay billions in fees. As a result, cross-border payments, and particularly remittances, are often mentioned as an area of finance that fintech in general, and bitcoin specifically, could disrupt.

Bitcoin, of course, can be sent anywhere in the world without the need for a third party such as bridge21; the trouble is spending the digital currency once it arrives.

That is where bridge21 sees an opportunity. The startup launched in beta in January, claiming to provide money transfers in mere minutes from the U.S. to any Mexican bank account for a 2% fee, which was levied in addition to the midmarket rate for exchanging dollars for pesos.

"It's an instantaneous international bank wire using bitcoin," Madden said at the time.

The startup's new service for Mexican remittances, announced this week, offers better than midmarket rates.

Banks themselves are experimenting with ways to achieve faster, better payments. At least one, the Japanese megabank Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, is considering bitcoin.

MUFG has partnered with Coinbase, a leading digital currency company, to explore the use of bitcoin as a means of moving money across borders. MUFG's chief executive, Nobuyuki Hirano, has said that by using digital currency to connect two fiat currencies or two separate banking systems, it might be possible to send money more cheaply and easily than traditional methods allow.

Bridge21, for its part, is not stopping with Mexico. It is planning to expand later this year to several additional payments corridors.

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Is neuroscience rediscovering the soul? | Minnesota Public Radio … – Minnesota Public Radio News

Posted: at 8:38 pm

The idea that neuroscience is rediscovering the soul is, to most scientists and philosophers, nothing short of outrageous. Of course it is not.

But the widespread, adverse, knee-jerk attitude presupposes the old-fashioned definition of the soul the ethereal, immaterial entity that somehow encapsulates your essence. Surely, this kind of supernatural mumbo-jumbo has no place in modern science. And I agree. The Cartesian separation of body and soul, the res extensa (matter stuff) vs. res cogitans (mind stuff) has long been discarded as untenable in a strictly materialistic description of natural phenomena.

After all, how would something immaterial interact with something material without any exchange of energy? And how would something immaterial whatever that means somehow maintain the essence of who you are beyond your bodily existence?

So, this kind of immaterial soul really presents problems for science, although, as pointed out here recently by Adam Frank, the scientific understanding of matter is not without its challenges.

But what if we revisit the definition of soul, abandoning its canonical meaning as the "spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal" for something more modern? What if we consider your soul as the sum total of your neurocognitive essence, your very specific brain signature, the unique neuronal connections, synapses, and flow of neurotransmitters that makes you you?

Just as we have unique fingerprints, our brains, their "connectome," are also unique. Surely, all brains are made of the same stuff, but wired in very individual ways. Recall that our brains are plastic, and mold themselves according to environmental and emotional inputs the stories of our lives. To this, we must add our bodies and their relation to our brains. For the mind is embodied, the self not an isolated property of what's inside your cranium but an emergent property of your whole mind-body integration as mapped through the complex highways of nerves interlocking all of you.

Consider, then, the modern soul as the unique neuronal-synaptic signature integrating brain and body through a complex electrochemical flow of neurotransmitters. Each person has one, and they are all different. That is, or can be considered, your essence from a materialist perspective.

Once we have this definition of the soul, the next question is inevitable. Can all this be reduced to information, such as to be replicated or uploaded into other-than-you substrates? That is, can we obtain sufficient information about this brain-body map so as to replicate it in other devices, be they machines or cloned biological replicas of your body? This would be, if technologically possible, the scientific equivalent of reincarnation, or of the long-sought redemption from the flesh an idea that is at least as old as organized religions in the East and West (as Mark O'Donnell remarked in his book To Be a Machine, reviewed here).

Well, depending on who you talk to, this final transcendence of human into information is either around the corner a logical step in our evolution or an impossibility a mad dream of people who can't accept the inevitability of death, the transhumanist crowd.

Silicon Valley is taking very seriously the possibility that aging is a technological problem that can be hacked. For example, the website of Google's company Calico states right upfront that its mission is to tackle "aging, one of life's greatest mysteries." The company's approach is more one of prolonging life than of uploading yourself somewhere else, but in the end the key word that unites the different approaches is information. If life is a code written genetically, it can be dealt with, including the instructions for aging. Another Google company, DeepMind, is bent on cracking AI: "Solve intelligence to make the world a better place." Google is approaching the problem of death from both a genetic and a computational perspective. They clearly complement one another. Google is not alone, of course. There are many other companies working on similar projects and research. The race is on.

What to make of this? It's inevitable that science will be at the forefront of the quest to prolong or upload life. This is not a bad thing, per se, given that the knowledge this research will surely produce will open new pathways to healthier, longer lives. Accepting death is a hard pill to swallow, the hardest. As I wrote elsewhere, referring to my family in this context: "Every day I have to love them is one less day I have to love them."

However, the possibility of extending life indefinitely also raises all sorts of moral and social questions, and possibly a lot of pain and loss. The curse of the immortal is to lose everyone he loves. Unless everyone jumps in. But how reasonable is this assumption? Who will benefit from these technologies? The very wealthy? The select few that have access to them? What of the rest of society? Would we end up creating a dual species of beings, humans and transhuman demi-gods? Would there be mutual tolerance and respect? I can imagine all sorts of sci-fi scenarios unfolding, utopic and dystopic.

Meanwhile, while the quest for immortality continues, what we can do is eat well, exercise, and try to live a life of meaning, leaving the world a better place than how we found it. Or, perhaps, for some in the future, never leaving it at all.

Marcelo Gleiser is a theoretical physicist and writer and a professor of natural philosophy, physics and astronomy at Dartmouth College. He is the director of the Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Engagement at Dartmouth, co-founder of 13.7 and an active promoter of science to the general public. His latest book is The Simple Beauty of the Unexpected: A Natural Philosopher's Quest for Trout and the Meaning of Everything. You can keep up with Marcelo on Facebook and Twitter: @mgleiser

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See a lost thermal shield zip ahead of the space station – CNET

Posted: at 8:37 pm

Last week, NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson set a new record for spacewalks by a female astronaut when she and International Space Station commander Shane Kimbrough floated outside the ISS. During the spacewalk, a thermal shield meant to be installed on the station got loose and floated away. Dutch astronomer Marco Langbroek managed to catch an impressive video of the shield cruising ahead of the ISS through space.

Langbroek posted the video on Wednesday. You can see the shield as a small streak of light cutting at an angle across the camera's view. The International Space Station follows its trajectory just under two minutes later and appears as a much larger ball of light.

The shield was one of four intended to protect the station's Tranquility module, which, among other things, houses control systems. The shields offer thermal protection and guard the module from micrometeoroids and debris in orbit. NASA notes the "loss posed no immediate danger to the astronauts."

The European Space Agency highlighted Langbroek's space-debris photography and says the shield should drop from orbit and burn up in Earth's atmosphere within a few months.

"The item poses very little risk to navigation, and an accidental release like this is not unexpected given the complexity and challenges of working outside during a spacewalk," said Holger Krag from the ESA's Space Debris Office.

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Space cheese and 9 other weird items we've sent into orbit (pictures)

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Russia And China May Build A Space Station – Electronics Weekly (blog)

Posted: at 8:37 pm

Now is the time when one needs to make a decision about the ISS, says Andrei Ionin, chief analyst of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics.

For the time being, we are discussing different options, although one should have done it a lot earlier, adds Ionin, the space station of the future must also be an international project. Such projects need to be discussed long in advance.

The key question here is not about the size of the station or its location in space whether it is going to orbit the Earth or the Moon, concludes Ionian, the key question is about international cooperation. We need to understand who our partners are. All other questions are secondary. Clearly, Russia and China can build such stations, but this is not a question of technologies or finance. Russia solves secondary questions related to modules and their functions. I believe that Russia and China can be very good partners at this point.

A new East-West Space Race is an alarming thought but likely to be a stimulus to the technology industry,

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‘Mars Base Camp’: Lockheed Fleshes Out Red Planet Space Station Plan – Space.com

Posted: at 8:37 pm

THE WOODLANDS, Texas In 2028, a space station could be circling Mars, if a new concept comes to fruition. As a prelude to human expeditions to the planet's surface, researchers aboard the proposed orbiting lab would aim to answer key questions about the complex world.

The six-person Mars Base Camp is led by researchers at aerospace giant Lockheed Martin, who unveiled the concept last year and fleshed out more details of the project here at the 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC), held March 21-25. The Mars Base Camp is designed to vastly amplify the collection of imagery and scientific data from multiple sites on the planet overa full year of crewed occupation.

This work could help identify the best spots for humans to explore on the Martian surface, Lockheed Martin representatives have said. The station's inhabitants could also use virtual reality, immersive technology and artificial intelligence to drive advanced rovers and other craft on the Red Planet in real time. [Mars Base Camp: Lockheed Martin Concept Video]

In addition, samples of rock and soil that robots such as NASA's upcoming 2020 Mars rover collect on the Martian surface could be launched to Mars Base Camp, where crewmembers could examine them for signs of Red Planet life, project team members have said.

Artist's concept of Mars Base Camp, a proposed space station that could be circling the Red Planet by 2028.

Since Lockheed Martin researchers unveiled the project, they have been brainstorming with scientists and engineers from a variety of institutions to refine the idea. Discussions at LPSC continued that work.

"The discussion we're having here at the meeting is, how best can scientific discovery be enabled by having scientists in close proximity to mobile hardware on the surface of Mars or in the Martian atmosphere," Steve Jolly, chief engineer for civil space at Lockheed Martin in Denver, told Space.com.

For example, a human field geologist on Mars would make quick decisions about which spots to explore, the best rock formations to study and where to dig for soil samples, Jolly said. "We want rovers under scientific control to behave in the same way."

Details of Mars Base Camp, a concept led by researchers at Lockheed Martin.

That's not possible when Mars rovers and their handlers are on different planets. one to two days the duties that asaid Ben Clark, chief scientist on the Lockheed Martin team studying the Mars Base Camp.

Moreover, if the rover experiences a problem, there's a wait to find out what went wrong, followed by another wait as the issue is addressed, Clark told Space.com.

Mars Base Camp would minimize such delays, he said.

"We could be operating rovers on the surface in joystick mode from the Mars Base Camp, as opposed to the way we control rovers today," Clark said. [Amazing Mars Photos by NASA's Curiosity Rover (Latest Images)]

Mars Base Camp residents could explore the Red Planet virtually through avatars and other immersive technology, the concept's architects say.

Mars Base Camp astronauts could also interact virtually with Mars surface robots, using technology like that developed at Lockheed Martin's Collaborative Human Immersive Laboratory, Jolly said.

Other high-tech tools could aid surface exploration as well, Jolly added. For example, tiny robots carrying small sensors could crawl down into lava tubes, rappel off cliffs or perform other specific tasks, he said.

In addition, Mars Base Camp would fly in a highly elliptical orbit that would allow it to "hover" over particular spots on the Red Planet for long stretches. During that time period, shifts of astronaut-scientists could execute tasks with surface robots and even aerial drones, Jolly said.

Mars Base Camp astronauts could visit the Martian surface on two-week missions, thanks to a reusable sortie system that employs supersonic retropropulsion.

On the Mars orbiting complex, crewmembers would be immersed in a continuous data flood from the rovers, and they'd have the feeling of being front and center on Mars, Clark said.

"They'll have such good imagery, they'll be able to make decisions as they go," while probing a zone of interest, he said. Mars Base Camp astronauts could cover large distances and even reconstruct, via images, areas in great detail, he said.

Clark foresees the use of avatars electronic "Mars walkers" that are manipulated by a computer user in a virtual space. Those avatars could make up different field-exploration parties that tromp about virtually on the planet, he said.

"Wearing goggles on the Mars Base Camp, researchers can decide where they want to be point to another spot give the right gesture, and you sort of teleport yourself to another place you want to be," Clark said. "Your body didn't move, but the terrain moved to where you want to stand."

Artist's illustration of Mars Base Camp and reusable sortie rockets flying high over the Red Planet.

Jolly stressed that the Mars Base Camp is not a substitute for getting actual boots on the Red Planet.

"It's a precursor," Jolly said, pointing to other aspects of the Mars Base Camp scenario.

For example, Lockheed Martin has looked into developing a reusable sortie system to get astronauts from Mars Base Camp down to the surface and back to orbit again. A single-stage lander and ascent vehicle would enable two-week missions to Mars, with the ability to abort at any time.

Similarly, human excursions to Mars' two moons, Phobos and Deimos, are being assessed.

Indeed, the Mars Base Camp architecture could support a diversity of missions to low-gravity bodies, Earth's moon, Mars and beyond, Jolly said. The Lockheed Martin plan invites international partners to contribute ideas to this human-rated interplanetary exploration system.

"Now is the time to shape the future," Jolly said.

Leonard David is author of "Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet," published by National Geographic. The book is a companion to the National Geographic Channel series "Mars." A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.

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'Mars Base Camp': Lockheed Fleshes Out Red Planet Space Station Plan - Space.com

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