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Daily Archives: April 7, 2017
Free speech is too broad a categorylet’s break it up in order to save it – Quartz
Posted: April 7, 2017 at 8:45 pm
Free speech is important. It guards against governments dangerous tendency to repress certain kinds of communication, including protest, journalism, whistleblowing, academic research, and critical work in the arts. On the other hand, think of a doctor dispensing bogus medical advice, or someone making a contract that she plans to breach, or a defendant lying under oath in court. These all involve written or spoken statements, but they dont seem to fall within the domain of free speech. They are what the legal theorist Frederick Schauer at the University of Virginia calls patently uncovered speech: communication that warrants no special protection against government regulation.
However, once we extrapolate beyond the clear-cut cases, the question of what counts as free speech gets rather tricky. A business whose website gets buried in pages of search results might argue that Googles algorithm is anti-competitivethat it impedes fair competition between sellers in a marketplace. But Google has dodged liability by likening itself to a newspaper, and arguing that free speech protects it from having to modify its results. Is this a case of free speech doing its proper work, or an instance of free speech running amok, serving as cover for a libertarian agenda that unduly empowers major corporations?
To answer this question, we need a principled account of the types of communication covered by free speech. But attempts to provide such an account havent really succeeded. We can pick out cases on either side of the divideProtections for journalism and protest? Yes! For perjury and contracts? No!but there arent any obvious or natural criteria that separate bona fide speech from mere verbal conduct. On the contrary, as theorists have told us since the mid-20th century, all verbal communication should be understood as both speech and conduct.
Some authors see these definitional difficulties as a fatal problem for the very idea of free speech. In Theres No Such Thing as Free Speech: And Its a Good Thing Too (1994), the American literary critic and legal scholar Stanley Fish argued that free speech is really just a rhetorically expedient label that people assign to their favored forms of communication. Theres a grain of truth in this; but it doesnt change the fact that governments still have a tendency to repress things such as protest and whistleblowing, and that we have good reasons to impose institutional safeguards against such repression if possible.
Instead of throwing out free speech entirely, a better response might be to keep the safeguards but make their sphere of application very broad. This is roughly what happens in Canadian law, where nearly any type of conduct can fall within the constitutional ideal of free expression, provided that it is trying to convey some kind of meaning. The downside is that if nearly anything can qualify as expressive in the relevant sense, then we cannot categorically privilege expression itself as an inviolable norm. All we can ask lawmakers to do is factor in the interests that such expression serves, and try to strike a balance with all the other competing interests (such as equality, for example, or national security). While such trade-offs are standard in Commonwealth legal systems, they have the unwelcome effect of making it easier for governments to justify their repressive tendencies.
Id propose a third way: put free speech as such to one side, and replace it with a series of more narrowly targeted expressive liberties. Rather than locating actions such as protest and whistleblowing under the umbrella of free speech, we could formulate specially-tailored norms, such as a principle of free public protest, or a principle of protected whistleblowing. The idea would be to explicitly nominate the particular species of communication that we want to defend, instead of just pointing to the overarching genus of free speech. This way the battle wouldnt be fought out over the boundaries of what qualifies as speech, but instead, more directly, over the kinds of communicative activities we think need special protection.
Take the idea of public protest. Standard free-speech theory, concerned as it is with what counts as speech, tends to draw a line between interference based on the content of the speech, such as the speakers viewpoint (generally not allowed), and interference that merely affects the time, place, and manner in which the speech takes place (generally allowed). But this distinction runs into trouble when it comes to protest. Clearly governments should be blocked from shutting down demonstrations whose messages they oppose. But equally they shouldnt be able to multiply the rules about the time, place, and manner in which demonstrations must take place, such that protests become prohibitively difficult to organize. One reason to have a dedicated principle of free public protest, then, is to help us properly capture and encode these concerns. Instead of seeing demonstrations as merely one application of a generic free-speech principle, we can use a narrower notion of expressive liberty to focus our attention on the distinctive hazards faced by different types of socially important communication.
If this all seems a bit optimistic, its worth noting that we already approach some types of communication in this waysuch as academic freedom. Universities frequently come under pressure from political or commercial lobby groupssuch as big oil, or the Israel lobbyto defund research that runs counter to their interests. This kind of threat has a distinctive underlying causal mechanism. In light of this problem, universities safeguard academic freedom via laws and regulations, including guidelines that specify the grounds for which academics can be fired or denied promotion. These moves are not just a specific implementation of a general free-speech principle. Theyre grounded in notions of academic freedom that are narrower than and distinct from freedom of speech. My suggestion is that all our expressive liberties could be handled in this way.
The subdivision of expressive liberties isnt going to magically fix all the genuinely controversial issues around free speech, such as what to do about search engines. However, we dont need to resolve these debates in order to see, with clarity and confidence, that protest, journalism, whistleblowing, academic research, and the arts need special protection. The parceled-out view of expressive liberties captures the importance of these activities, while sidestepping the definitional problems that plague standard free-speech theory. These are not merely theoretical advantages. Any time a country is creating or revising a bill of rights, the question of how to protect communicative practices must be considered afresh. Multiple expressive liberties is an approach worth taking seriously.
This piece originally appeared at Aeon and has been republished under Creative Commons. Learn how to write for Quartz Ideas. We welcome your comments at ideas@qz.com.
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How a college student in California is fighting for his free speech rights – USA TODAY
Posted: at 8:45 pm
Kevin Shaw with a copy of the U.S. Constitution. (Photo courtesy of Dawn Bowery/FIRE)
When Kevin Shaw tried to distribute copies of the U.S. Constitution in Spanish on his college campus, he was reprimanded by an administrator.
The administrator told him he would need to distribute the Constitution in a designated area, and only after obtaining a permit to do so. If he didnt comply, he would be removed from campus.
Shaw attends Pierce College, which is part of the Los Angeles Community College District. According to Pierces free speech policy, students can only distribute materials in a prescribed location on campus a 616-square-foot area comprising .003% of Pierces total campus and only after receiving permission to do so.
Shaw is now suing LACCD, claiming that his First Amendment rights were violated.
Were passing out copies of our founding document, he said. What could be more innocuous?
The lawsuit was filed by Arthur Willner, a partner at Leader & Berkon LLP, in partnership with the Foundation for Individual Rights and Education, an organization that advocates for freedom of speech on college campuses.
The effect of such free speech zones is to prevent students from interacting with their peers and having the opportunity to be exposed to new ideas, Brynne Madway, an associate attorney at FIRE, said in an email. We should be encouraging students to speak with their peers and learn from them. We shouldnt confine students to tiny boxes.
Free speech zones date back to the 1960s and 1970s, whenon-campus protests, mainly against the Vietnam War, became popular. The zones are typically located in areas that wont disrupt classes, and require students togive the administration advance notice of activities.
Kevin Shaw standing at the zone designed as the free speech area on his college campus in California. (Photo courtesy of Dawn Bowery/FIRE)
In recent years, free speech zones have come under fire four states even have laws that ban public colleges and universities from establishing them. Butaccording to a survey FIRE recently conducted of 450 top universities, Madway said, 1 in 10 had restrictive policies similar to LACCDs.
This particular lawsuit comes as free speech itself on college campuses becomes an increasingly heated topic. Recently, events at University of California-Berkeley and Middlebury College have brought controversial conservative speakers into conflict with largely liberal college students, sparking protests and questions about whether students rights to feel safe outweighs speakers rights to free expression.
Willner said hes seen an increase in restrictions on free expression over the past couple of decades, a phenomenon he attributes to peoples perceived rights to not be offended, or group rights that take precedence over individual rights.
What makes this particular situation even more pernicious is the fact that even to utilize the free speech area, a student has to first submit an application for a permit, he said. It sort of defeats the entire purpose of the First Amendment and freedom of speech.
Yusef Robb, a consultant for LACCD, said in a statement that the Los Angeles Community College District firmly stands behind every students right to free expression.
Shaw hopes the lawsuit will force LACCD to change its policies so that future students will be able to exercise their First Amendment rights without limitation.
I want to leave my school nicer than I found it, he said. My hope is that this policy wont affect students in the future.
Caroline Simon is a University of Pennsylvania student and a USA TODAY College correspondent.
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YaleNews | Legal scholar speaks about why free speech matters – Yale News
Posted: at 8:45 pm
In Europe, Donald Trump could have been arrested for some of the comments he made about Muslims and Mexicans while campaigning for president, legal scholar Floyd Abrams LAW 59 pointed out during a campus visit on April 5.
But thats not the case in America, which has been more dedicated to the protection of free speech than anywhere else in the world, said Abrams, and hes grateful that it is.
Considered one of the nations top constitutional lawyers and staunchest defenders of the First Amendment, Abrams took part in a conversation with Adam Liptak LAW 88, the Supreme Court correspondent for The New York Times. The public event took place in a Yale Law School classroom, with lawyers and law students joining remotely from the New York and Washington, D.C. offices of the firm Levine Sullivan Koch & Schulz. Abrams new book, The Soul of the First Amendment, was just published by Yale University Press.
Abrams told his audience that the starting point for his book and the core principle at heart in his own legal work is his belief that the First Amendment is meant to be a protection against government over-control and censorship, even though it hasnt always been interpreted in that way. As he notes in his book, the First Amendment is a mere 45 words: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof: or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Even in Canada, Abrams said, a religious zealot who passed out pamphlets condemning homosexuals and homosexuality, for example, could be convicted of a hate crime. Asked by Liptak why Americas approach to freedom of speech is better, Abrams answered: I think its better for all of us because we have shown through our history tendencies to limit speech and move into highly anti-free expression modes. Weve made enormous progress and moved in the right direction by sort of gulping and saying, Were going to protect this sort of speech even though we understand that its going to inflict pain, and inflict pain on people already suffering pain from their stigmatization in American society.
Americas constitutional commitment to free expression even of the sort that denigrates groups of people, as Trump did is bred most of all from the fear that if we start banning politicians from saying things, or the rest of us from saying things even if theyre deeply offensive and antisocial the effect as a whole would be a significant deprivation of freedom of a sort that all of us would recognize.
The legal scholar defended his own decision to represent (on behalf of Senator Mitch McConnell) the conservative nonprofit organization Citizens United in the controversial 2010 Supreme Court case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. That decision reflected his devotion to the cause of free speech, regardless of politics, he said. In a broadly sweeping decision, a majority of the justices (5 to 4) voted that freedom of speech prohibited the government from restricting a corporations independent political expenditures.
Commercial speech, I think, is an interesting area in which there will be a lot of development, sooner rather than later, predicted Abrams.
He called the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Roberts a spectacularly protective one for First Amendment rights, but warned that college campuses have most recently been the place where First Amendment values have been the most challenged in American life. He cited the shouting-down of campus speakers because of their views as one campus danger, and called Fordham University administrators decision to forbid conservative commentator Ann Coulter from speaking there unless she was part of a panel an absolute disgrace.
In the older days, university administrations objected to liberal and left-wing speakers appearing, said Abrams. Today, he added, college professors sometimes warn students in advance that class content will include something that may offend or upset them.
Its a difficult area because it is important for students to feel some level of comfort, he continued. On the other side, education isnt always comfortable, and it shouldnt always be comfortable. The non-negotiable part of that is that there should be absolute freedom of ideas and presentations of ideas, no matter how offensive they may seem.
During a question-and-answer session, Abrams who represented The New York Times in the Pentagon Papers case said that despite its protectiveness of free speech, the current Supreme Court isnt likely to be as protective of the press, particularly in cases involving leaked classified information.
Journalists are at very great risk in front of the Roberts court, Abrams said. I think thats one of the softest spots in term of potential for great harm [to press freedom].
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Adventists appeal court ruling on Kellogg Sabbath accommodation case – Adventist News Network
Posted: at 8:45 pm
Courtroom exterior [iStockPhoto]
On March 22, 2017, two former Kellogg employees made their appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit after a lower court found insufficient evidence that the two Adventist plaintiffs were treated unfairly when they were fired for failing to work on Sabbath. A decision from the court of appeals, located in Denver, Colorado, is expected in approximately three months.
The United States District Court for the District of Utah granted Kelloggs motion for summary judgment on the claims for disparate treatment, reasonable accommodation, and retaliation on July 7, 2016. At that time, the court also accordingly denied Richard Tabura and Guadalupe Diazs motion for summary judgment.
Tabura and Diaz were both fired in 2012 from their manufacturing jobs at a Kellogg USA, Inc. plant in Utah for missing work on Saturdays as they honored their religious belief to observe Sabbath. In 2011, Kellogg increased production and implemented a new work scheduling program known as continuous crewing. This program created four separate, rotating shifts, in which employees were to work approximately two Saturdays a month26 Saturdays a year. While both plaintiffs made attempts to use paid days off and work swaps with other employees they eventually were assessed too many absence points within a 12-month period and, after what Kellogg describes as progressive-discipline measures were exhausted, were terminated.
The plaintiffs lost at the trial court level, said Todd McFarland, associate general counsel for the General Conference (GC or world headquarters) of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The court said that Kellogg offering the use of their vacation time and swaps was enough. They didn't have to actually eliminate the conflict; they just had to give them the opportunity to do it, and that the fact that there wasn't enough vacation time or enough people to swap with wasn't Kellogg's problem.
The Office of General Counsel was part of the Tenth Circuit appeal. The appeal argues that the district court erred in holding that an accommodation can be legally sufficient even if it does not eliminate the conflict between a work requirement and a religious practice. It also contends that treating the forfeiture of vacation and sick time as a legitimate accommodation is not appropriate.
It's a cold comfort to an Adventist to say, You only have to break half the Sabbaths. If you don't have to eliminate the conflict, then that does no good, said McFarland. So this [case] is important to people of faith about what's required from employment to accommodate Sabbath.
For some, the irony is unavoidable. Kellogg, a food manufacturing company, was founded as the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company in 1906 by Will Keith Kellogg and John Harvey Kellogg. John Harvey, at the time, was a Seventh-day Adventist and director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, owned and operated by the Adventist Church. The sanitariums operation was based on the churchs health principles, which include a healthful diet, regimen of exercise, proper rest, and abstinence from alcohol and tobacco.
According to the Kellogg website, the brothers changed breakfast forever when they accidentally flaked wheat berry. Will Keith kept experimenting until he was able to flake corn, creating the recipe for Kelloggs Corn Flakes. John Harvey eventually turned away from church beliefs, espousing what many believe was a form of pantheism.
The case was argued at the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals by Gene Schaerr of Schaerr Duncan. The case was handled at the district (trial) court by Alan Reinach of the Pacific Union Conferences Church-State Council along with Erik Strindberg and Matt Harrison of Strindberg & Scholonick.
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Conrad Black: I put this as simply as possible: Many atheists are excellent, but atheism itself is hurting the West – National Post
Posted: at 8:45 pm
I had intended to confine my long-jump from Senate controversies and the Carson case to the moth-eaten current state of the Enlightenment in the West to mylast two action-packed columns here. But the scope and vigour of the reaction they elicited obliges me to return to the subject for the last instance for what I promise will be a long time. Many thanks to readers for the approximately three quarters of the messages that I received that were positive and sensible, and betrayed no trace of proselytizing Christian zeal, which is a much too energetic and narrow focus than I am personally comfortable with(though, of course, I respect it, as I do all sane views on this contentious subject). I am less grateful for the unctuous assurances of the self-professed agnostics and atheists at pains to tell me they were law-abiding and civilized. I never implied otherwise, and have no problem with agnostics, who at least imply that their minds are open.
I have had as much as I can take for a while of the belligerent atheists who come crackling through the Internet assuming the airs of prosecutors, declaring ex cathedra that any suggestion of the existence of a supernatural force or that anything is not explicable by applied human ingenuity is medieval superstition. They have a trite little formula that they dont have to prove the existence of anything and so have the high ground in any argument and then lapse into Hitchensesque infantilistic mockery about pink-winged little men in the clouds. They are repetitive and obnoxious and their fervour betrays the vacuity of their position. I am declaring a moratorium for at least afew monthson trying to reason with these self-exalted champions of reason.
Because there was so much misunderstanding and overwrought, misplaced hysteriafrom some readers, I will wind this up by restating key points with mind-numbing simplicity. We have no idea how the universe, or any version of the life and context we know, originated. We have no idea of the infinite, of what was before the beginning or is beyond any spatial limits we can imagine, even with the great exploratory progress of science. Miracles sometime occur and people do sometimes have completely inexplicable insights that are generally described as spiritual. No sane and somewhat experienced person disputes any of this. But there is a cyber-vigilante squad of atheist banshees that swarm like bats over such comments and are hyperactive philistines better responded to with pest control measures than logical argument.
My contention is that it is more logical and reasonable to attribute these phenomena to the existence of a supernatural force or intelligence than either to deny that they exist, or to take refuge in the faith that they are merely aspects of our environment that we will eventually understand as we explore our planet and the contiguous universe.
I made the point that the Enlightenment that produced what is commonly called the Age of Reason started with a fusion of religious exuberance, scientific and intellectual exploration, and artistic and literary originality, all of which elements essentially reinforced each other. But the Enlightenment gradually adopted the position that science, exploration and reason are incompatible with religious faith, although the Judeo-Christian traditionthe role of conscience, the practice of justice, mercy, and forgiveness, along with intellectual curiosity and initiative are the overwhelmingly powerful formative force in our history. Montreals Paul-Emile Cardinal Leger was generally acclaimed when he addressed the scientific and intellectual communities at the Second Vatican Council and described faith as This greatest friend of the human intelligence.
I did not suggest that the probable existence of a supernatural intelligence required anyone to plunge into religious practice or worship of any kind. That is a matter of taste and people should do what works for them and avoid what doesnt. I did not imply for an instant that those who deny the probability of a supernatural intelligence, whom I defined for these purposes as atheists, were incapable of being honest and decent people. Of course, in our society, most people, including most atheists, are reasonably honest and decent and get through their lives without horrible outbursts of sociopathic behaviour. I did write that those atheists who purport to espouse the Judeo-Christian life without admitting the probability of some supernatural force are essentially enjoying the benefits of Judeo-Christian civilization while denying even the least onerous definition of its basic tenets. Thus do schism and hypocrisy raise their hoary heads.
As atheists renounce the roots of our civilization, they are troublesome passengers, and are apt to be less integral defenders of the West in time of challenge. They often dissent so uniformly and strenuously from any theistic notions that they have effectively established a third force that enjoys the society Judeo-Christianity has created while despising Judeo-Christianity and also purporting, generally, to despise the succession of dangerous adversaries that have threatened Judeo-Christianity, including Nazism, international Communism, and radical Islam.
Of course, an immense number of atheists, as defined here, fought with great valour over centuries and up to the present to defend our civilization. They certainly found it preferable to the enemies assaulting it.But they pose the difficulties of what Cardinal Richelieu called a state within a state (referring to autonomous 17thcentury Protestants) in renouncing Judeo-Christianity while enjoying and espousing an intellectually neutered version of it.They are effectively setting up a third option between Judeo-Christianity and its mortal enemies. This is an illegitimate option, intellectually, since it is really a hijacking of the West from its origins. It also does not gain any recognition from our enemies: the Islamic militants despise the West not because of the faith at its origins, but because it perceives the West now as a society without any spiritual views or values at all; as a wretched mass of materialist atheists (an understandable misapprehension at times). Presumably, we are all powerfully motivated to resist such an Islamic assault and will all presumably lock arms again and repel boarders when and where necessary, as we have since the rise of the Christian Era.
It is, however, and as I also wrote, a steadily more uneasy alliance between the atheists on one side and the theists and agnostics on the other, precisely because the commanding heights of our society the ranks of government, academia, and the mediaare so heavily dominated by aggressive atheists vocally contemptuous of Judeo-Christianity. The frictions in our own ranks become steadily more aggravated. Our Islamist enemies (which it need hardly be emphasized is far from being all Muslims) do not, when they contemplate us, detect our religious tradition, or any respect for anything except hedonistic and consumerist pleasures and spectacles. Of course, this is to some extent an illusion, as all polls and most experience show that the great majority of people in the West do accept the basic premise cited at the outset of this series of columns, that the most probable source of the inexplicable is a supernatural intelligence.
I also wrote that the atheists are becoming steadily more aggressive, more generally dismissive of the supernatural tradition, while swaddling themselves in commendable precepts that are generally variants of the Golden Rule and other such formulations. These are fine, but they will not in themselves assure a norm of social conduct and they have already led to the ghastly enfeeblement of moral relativism. Alternative scenarios emerge of equal worthiness, as right and wrong are concepts that are diluted by being severed from any original legitimacy. All schools of behavioural conduct compete on a level playing field and disorder gradually ensues. Man is deemed to be perfectible, the traditional matrix for authoritarianism. Where there is deemed to be no God the classic human deitiesor Robespierres Supreme Being, the Nazi Pagan-Wagnerian leaders, or the Stalinist incarnation of the toiling Slavonic masses replace deities. Anyone who imagines that our legal system, unto itself, will assure acceptable social conduct has had little experience of it. The entire apparatus of our society of laws has degenerated into a 360 degree cartel operated by and almost exclusively for the benefit of the legal profession.
Atheists are becoming steadily more aggressive, more generally dismissive of the supernatural tradition
I also wrote that, indicative of our deteriorating societal moral confidence and cohesion is our cowardly indulgence of sociophobic Islamwe both under-react to the outrages committed by Islamists and incite the inference that this is what religion produces. The implication, which was explicit in an exchange in this space last month, is that Islam is not more violent than Christianity, and that once embarked on the idea that any religious or spiritual conceptions at all may be worthy of consideration, that will include terrorist versions of religion. (That exchange had the added flourish that Nazism was deemed by my correspondent to be a discernible outgrowth of Christianity, an unspeakable falsehood and defamation.) There is even an element of this in the mawkish, excessive pandering to and amplification of the grievances of the native people in Canada. They have grievances and we have to address them more generously and thoughtfully than we have. But no one in the official leadership of Canada as an autonomous jurisdiction ever dreamt of imposing any version of genocide on them, and bumping John A. Macdonald off the currency and likening him to Hitler is a profanation made more scandalous and repugnant by its cowardly acceptance of historic lies.
I made all these points in gentle terms, as impersonally as I could, and dealt even with sharpish and laborious correspondence in the same way. These are, however, I submit, facts that have very serious implications for all of us, and we should not, as a culture and as a civil society, sleepwalk around them any longer.
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Conrad Black: I put this as simply as possible: Many atheists are excellent, but atheism itself is hurting the West - National Post
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Professors debate relationship between atheism and science – The Daily Evergreen
Posted: at 8:45 pm
Students packed the CUB auditorium on Friday night to hear an atheist and a Christian discuss whether science supports atheism.
The event was presented by the Veritas forum, a non-profit Christian organization that holds discussions across college campuses to ask life's hardest questions, according to their website.
The discussion featured WSU professor Margaret Davis, an atheist, and Washington University in St. Louis professor S. Joshua Swamidass, a self-identified scientist Christian.
Davis said she was raised Christian but began to question it at an early age. She said she became an atheist at age 14 and now also considers herself a humanist.
Swamidass was raised Christian and, like Davis, soon began asking himself if he would still be a Christian had he not been raised that way. It was then that he began to study and try to find something within the Bible that he said was not man-made. It was once he began to study Jesus Christ that he really started believing, Swamidass said.
He said he believed the evidence that Jesus had risen from the dead, pointing to the book More Than a Carpenter, by Josh McDowell, as something he read early on that cemented his faith.
Swamidass said the only evidence he could find for the existence of God was Jesus.
Davis said she believes the world is governed by science. She said she lives her life thinking from a rationally scientific point of view, and from that she did not think a creator was the most plausible explanation.
I dont think there is a higher reason for us being here, Davis said.
Swamidass asked Davis if there was any part of her that wondered about the existence of a God, to which she replied that she believed the Christian God was a human creation. She said if there was a God, it may or may not be a cloud, or a giant turtle floating in space.
Davis said she could not imagine an accumulation of evidence which could convince her of the existence of God.
Both discussed how historically natural phenomena such as earthquakes or lightning were said to be Gods doing and now are explained scientifically.
Theology is just the attempt to understand what transcends human understanding, Swamidass said.
Davis said she believes one day science will come close to, or answer, all of life's questions, including those about human consciousness.
Many students described the event as interesting, but also said it was not what they were had expected. Two students said they identified as Christians but did not believe Swamidass accurately represented them in his role.
There is a lot of value in hearing two different perspectives, said Ty Bjornsom, a WSU junior.
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Renowned atheist is hated, murdered, revived in new Netflix film … – America Magazine
Posted: at 8:45 pm
The opposite of love is not hate, but indifference. This is not just a lyric in a Lumineers song, but a universal truth that could be applied to loves sister in virtue: faith. The opposite of belief in God is not in fact that long despised enemy of godly people everywhere, atheism. The enemy of belief, rather, is run of the mill indifference. This notion is given credence by Tommy OHavers The Most Hated Woman in America, a recent film from Netflix. The film goes a long way in arguing that atheism isnt the converse of theism, but just another shade on the color wheel of belief, with all the pageantry and chaos which that frequently entails.
The film tells the (true) story of Madalyn Murray OHair (Melissa Leo), a woman who garnered notoriety in the early 1960s for suing the Baltimore public school systema move that ultimately led to a Supreme Court decision banning mandatory bible reading in the public school classroom. OHair then went on to found American Atheists, a national organization dedicated to advocating for the rights of atheists, while continuing to work toward ensuring the separation of church and state.
In the summer of 1995, OHair, along with her youngest son and granddaughter, was kidnapped and murdered by a former employee of American Atheist. Eventually it came to light that the murders were an attempt to seize the substantial amount of money OHair had laundered into offshore accounts throughout her time at American Atheists.
The films primary thrust is exploring the what, the why and the how of OHairs kidnapping and murder. Outside of the Supreme Court case that first brought OHair to the publics attention, OHairs activism on behalf of the atheist agenda is paid little heed by the filmmakers. The audience is left with a paint-by-numbers look at the seemingly inevitable corruption that bubbles to the surface when a grassroots movement turns into an organized institution.
The film is quick to indict OHair as no better than the corrupt religious leaders and institutions that she rails against. As she becomes the public face of unbelief, people start donating money to her and the movement she dubs The Cause, and with that comes the incorporation of American Atheists. OHairs rise to fame includes making the cover of Look magazine, where she was first given the films title phrase. We see her in the guest chair of those late 20th century cultural mainstays, Johnny Carson and Phil Donahue, talking fast and loose at a time when the public did not necessarily want its public figures to tell it like it is.
OHair quickly discovers the financial benefits that come with being the face of a beliefor non-belief movement, as it were. Most Hated makes a point of highlighting her collaboration with televangelist Bill Harrington, which consists primarily of their questionably authentic debates for and against religion, put forth for public consumption in the style of P. T. Barnum, andmore importantlydesigned for profit.
Melissa Leo as the hard-to-love OHair gives integrity and complexity to a character who could have easily been played for laughs. She never condescends to OHair and gives authenticity to a volatile and larger-than-life woman without overplaying or veering into camp. It is unfortunate that the rest of the film cannot live up to Leos incredible work, as the production values are shoddy and the writing is strictly TV-movie-of-the-week. The remainder of the casts talentwhich includes Peter Fonda, Juno Temple, Josh Lucas and Adam Scottis wasted in a film that primarily plays like a poorly done imitation of a Coen brothers film.
OHairs story does, however, raise questions worth investigating. The most significant: Can a deeply embedded commitment to unbelief avoid mirroring the very thing it opposes? It would seem that any cause worthy of faith and commitment cannot help but become organized, incorporated and hierarchical. An ideology, a faith, a movement, always begins rather formless, even chaotic, necessitating a leader to give it shape, be it Jesus, Lenin or Madalyn Murray OHair.
As dark a gloss as Most Hatedtries to put on organized movements, the fundamental reality seems to be that we need some kind of hero, or vaunted ideal (be it Jesus or Never Jesus) to give some sort of shape to our existence. And we like to run in packs, or prides, groups, coteries, sects, denominations, religions, take your pick; but whatever you call them, we like to be a part of them. We like to be a part of.
The reality is that people need something to believe in, even if that very thing just happens to be unbelief.
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Renowned atheist is hated, murdered, revived in new Netflix film ... - America Magazine
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Atheist calls on ‘holy trinity of science’ in Iowa House invocation … – The Gazette: Eastern Iowa Breaking News and Headlines
Posted: at 8:45 pm
Apr 5, 2017 at 3:50 pm | Print View
DES MOINES An atheist urged members of the Iowa House to invoke the holy trinity of science made up of reason, observation and experience as they went about their work Wednesday.
The trinity, Justin Scott of Waterloo said in offering the opening prayer, would allow lawmakers to address issues before them without allowing confirmation bias, cognitive dissonance or intellectual dishonesty to blindly guide positions and votes.
Scott, believed to be the first atheist to offer the morning invocation in the House, said his trinity isnt rooted in dogma or doctrine and doesnt care what our feelings are or what our deeply held beliefs are.
Scott, the guest of Rep. Timi Brown-Powers, D-Waterloo, said he put a lot of thought into preparing for the invocation but it didnt hit him until about 4 a.m. that the message should be about process, because at the end of the day, we are all humans and when we face challenges, all we can count on is ourself, the abilities weve been born with, the talents weve developed.
Science, he said, is all about thinking about something, analyzing it, processing it and being open to the fact that what you thought about Subject A may not be what the evidence actually tells you.
Thats something lawmakers deal with every day as they come to the Capitol with preconceived notions not even on a religious level, he said.
Scott, a professional photographer and social media consultant, said he was representing not only atheists but freethinkers, skeptics and humanists. He hopes his appearance before lawmakers helps normalize what atheism is, what atheism isnt.
Theres a negative connotation to the word atheist, he said, as well as an image of the angry atheist.
But by coming in here and being really calm, really happy, cheerful, smiling as we walk around shaking hands, there wasnt any pushback, said Scott, who was accompanied by his wife, Brandi, and their three children. It was just a respectful conversation about religious freedom. Am I as an atheist allowed the same religious freedom as everyone else in the state?
Scotts appearance did not attract the same attention or reaction as the invocation offered in 2015 by Cedar Rapids Cabot witch Deborah Maynard. Several people came to the Capitol to protest her prayer. A lawmaker turned his back during the invocation and many legislators stayed away.
About half the representatives were in the chamber for the invocation Wednesday, far fewer than usual, but it was not clear that was in response to Scott or that they had debated until 10:30 p.m. Tuesday.
Scott closed his invocation in a prayerful style.
Let this trinity guide you and protect you, he said. May this trinity inspire you and be honest to you ... lift up the truth upon you and give you peace.
l Comments: (319) 398-8375; james.lynch@thegazette.com
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Atheist calls on 'holy trinity of science' in Iowa House invocation ... - The Gazette: Eastern Iowa Breaking News and Headlines
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Behold, the Hubble Telescope’s latest close-up photo of Jupiter – Tampabay.com
Posted: at 8:43 pm
Amid plenty of political turmoil on Earth on Thursday, NASA and the European Space Agency quietly released the latest photo of Jupiter taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.
This picture revealed no new discoveries, unlike a Hubble image last fall that detected evidence of water vapor plumes from one of Jupiter's moons. Nor did it capture the aftermath of some significant event, such as when a comet or asteroid collided with Jupiter's atmosphere and left it "bruised."
Instead, Thursday's picture was simply a reminder that, somewhere out there above the heavens, a decades-old space telescope is still doing what it has done best: capturing spectacularly detailed images of the universe to blow the minds of those on Earth.
Courtesy of NASA, the European Space Agency, A. Simon via GSFC
Jupiter, as captured by the Hubble Space Telescope on Monday.
This month, Jupiter is in opposition, meaning it is at its closest to our planet (416 million miles away), with its Earth-facing hemisphere fully illuminated by the sun. It will shine especially brightly Friday night and early Saturday morning, when it makes its absolute closest approach.
Never ones to miss an opportunity, NASA and the ESA decided to point the Hubble toward Jupiter while it was in opposition, so that it could capture the atmosphere of the largest planet in the solar system in more detail.
The image it took Monday didn't disappoint. Hubble was able to capture surface features that are just 80 miles across.
"The final image shows a sharp view of Jupiter and reveals a wealth of features in its dense atmosphere," NASA and the ESA, which cooperate on the Hubble project, said in a statement. The picture "reveals the intricate, detailed beauty of Jupiter's clouds as arranged into bands of different latitudes."
Clearly visible in the photo are Jupiter's famous atmospheric bands, created by different-colored clouds. The lighter bands have higher concentrations of frozen ammonia in them, compared with the darker ones, the agencies said.
On the lower left side of the image is Jupiter's famous Great Red Spot, an ongoing larger-than-Earth storm on the gas giant planet's surface. A smaller storm, dubbed "Red Spot Junior," is visible farther south. Winds on the planet can reach up to 400 mph.
"However, as with the last images of Jupiter taken by Hubble and telescopes on the ground, this new image confirms that the huge storm that has raged on Jupiter's surface for at least 150 years continues to shrink," the agencies said. "The reason for this is still unknown. So Hubble will continue to observe Jupiter in the hope that scientists will solve this stormy riddle."
The Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit in 1990, and ever since its first photo an underwhelming grainy, black-and-white image of some stars, thanks to a flaw in a primary mirror it has gone on to deliver some truly dazzling images from space. Time magazine has a roundup of the 50 "best" photos taken by Hubble, though all are quite extraordinary in their own way, depending on one's interest in any particular corner of the universe.
NASA has been developing a new telescope, the $8 billion James Webb Space Telescope, that will be able to see back in time, almost to the beginning of the universe. The Webb will be able to collect seven times the starlight as the Hubble and observe the universe in infrared wavelengths of light, which the Hubble can't, The Washington Post's Joel Achenbach reported in February. Eventually, the Webb telescope is expected to replace the Hubble, which "is still working fabulously but getting long in the tooth," Achenbach wrote.
Until then, the Hubble will continue capturing away. The photo released Thursday was part of the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy program, according to NASA and the ESA. The program, which allows the telescope to study the outer planets each year, started in 2014 with Uranus and has been observing Jupiter and Neptune since 2015. In 2018, the Hubble will turn its focus to Saturn.
Behold, the Hubble Telescope's latest close-up photo of Jupiter 04/07/17 [Last modified: Friday, April 7, 2017 2:31pm] Photo reprints | Article reprints
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Satellite Expert To Speak On Hubble Telescope, Exoplanets In Westport – Westport Daily Voice
Posted: at 8:43 pm
WESTPORT, Conn. Ys Man Marty Yellin will once again share his knowledge of the scientific world, thistime updating the group on the work of the Hubble Telescope.
The Hubble was sent into low Earthorbit in 1990 and remains the most productive astronomical instrument ever built.
Yellin will speak to Ys Men of Westport/Weston on April 13 at the SaugatuckCongregational Church at 245 Post Road E., Westport.
He will speak about some ofthe latest findings from the telescope, with an emphasis on its recent discoveries of manyexoplanets, which seem to have the conditions for life of some kind.
He will also talkabout some of the most recently discovered Black Holes, including showing the first-ever picture of a Black Hole swallowing a star like our Sun.
Yellin earned bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from CUNY.
He joined Perkin-Elmer, where he was a member of the top-secret Hexagon program,the largest and most successful spy satellite ever to be flown up to that time. He laterworked on the team that designed and fabricated the Hubble Space Telescope.
In his "retirement," Yellin earned a doctorate at New York University in biomedical engineering, then joined aprogram evaluating new approaches to cancer treatment.
If youre a retired or semi-retired man living in Westport or Weston and looking forsomething new, for an active group with over 400 men like yourself, drop by Thursdaymorning.
Coffee, doughnuts and schmoozing are on the agenda as you learn about Ys Men, hear aninteresting speaker, meet old friends and make new ones. Ys Men gets you out of yourhouse and into your choice of over two dozen activities, from bridge to boating to hikingto international affairs and book discussions.
Click here to learn more about the group.
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Satellite Expert To Speak On Hubble Telescope, Exoplanets In Westport - Westport Daily Voice
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