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Monthly Archives: March 2017
Gallup Vault: Tolerance of Free Speech Had Its Limits – Gallup
Posted: March 17, 2017 at 7:00 am
In 1938, Gallup asked Americans, "Do you believe in freedom of speech?" and then asked whether free speech should extend to "radicals" and "communists" holding local meetings and expressing their views. While 96% of Americans said yes to the first question, far fewer thought radicals (40%) or communists (36%) should be free to assemble and speak out.
1938: Americans' Views on Free Speech
A decade later, in 1949, Gallup posed a broader question asking Americans whether they "believe in freedom of speech for everybody," including "permitting anyone to say anything at any time about our government or our country." Half said they believed in complete freedom, while 45% thought there should be limits.
George Gallup explained in his 1949 news release that the impetus for the follow-up poll was an anti-communism riot that occurred that year at an outdoor concert headlined by famed baritone singer and actor Paul Robeson. Robeson had become a political lightning rod over his close ties to the Soviet Union and his outspokenness on civil rights and a variety of other social justice issues.
When those who thought free speech had its limits were asked to name the conditions under which it should be curtailed, 45% mentioned situations in which the government was being undermined, threatened or slandered, and 12% mentioned lies or slander generally. Another 11% said free speech should be limited when the country is at war, and 10% said that communists and Nazis, specifically, should not be afforded free speech.
Under what conditions don't you believe in it (freedom of speech)?
These data can be found in Gallup Analytics.
Read more from the Gallup Vault.
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Gallup Vault: Tolerance of Free Speech Had Its Limits - Gallup
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Entire Campus Should Be Safe Space for Free Speech – Townhall
Posted: at 7:00 am
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Posted: Mar 16, 2017 11:13 AM
In a simpler age, one major argument for a young scholar going to college was the exposure he or she would receive to a wide spectrum of viewpoints, vigorously and freely debated. Sadly, many institutions of higher learning now seem determined to protect students from free speech, especially if controversial views run counter to progressive orthodoxy.
Thus, a culture of censorship now grips many universities via such mechanisms as minuscule free-speech zones, restrictive speech codes, safe spaces for those taking umbrage to criticism (so-called snowflakes), mandatory diversity training, and speaker dis-invitations.
A nonprofit group that tracks threats to free speech in academe and often litigates in support of liberty is the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE). On February 7, FIRE released its first-ever survey of yet another illiberal technique for speech suppression: Bias Response Teams (BRTs). They work like this: College administrations actively invite students to report other students or professors whose speech they subjectively deem to be biased.
Comments by the snitches, who may remain anonymous, commonly concern political or social speech that is constitutionally protected. For example, a University of Northern Colorado professor found himself in a BRTs crosshairs in summer 2016 simply for suggesting in a classroom discussion that students consider opposing viewpoints. (He also commended to students a FIRE officials article on free speech.) The professor received an administrative warning that he could be more aggressively investigated if he continued to broach controversial subjects.
In addition to such interventions, transgressors can have reprimands placed in their records or even more explicit punishment, according to Adam Steinbaugh, a FIRE senior program officer. FIRE identified 232 colleges, both public and private, that use this fast-spreading method of stifling speech. Most of these Star Chamber entities have student-conduct administrators on board, but a shocking 42 percent of BRTs include law enforcement personnel. Thus, the idea of speech police has broken out beyond the fictional works of George Orwell.
At issue is not hate speech by deranged people deliberately seeking to foment violence. That kind of speech forfeits constitutional protection. At stake is the right to speak out on questions and issues of public importance, even in a provocative manner.
Can government compel universities to honor and protect the First Amendment right of free speech instead of regulating it virtually out of existence? Following the February 1 violent protest at the University of California-Berkeley that shut down an invited speaker, former Breitbart editor Milo Yiannopoulos, and caused $100,000 of property damage, President Donald Trump tweeted NO FEDERAL FUNDS? as a possible penalty for universities disrespecting free speech. But would it really be a good idea to make Washington, DC the omniscient enforcer of free expression on all campuses across the land?
The First Amendment applies to state legislatures and public colleges and universities through the 14th Amendment. Given that reality, a solution consistent with federalism might well lie in each states consideration of a Campus Free Speech Act (CFSA), such as the one the Goldwater Institute has prepared with the help of eminent scholars.
Some of CFSAs key points, as outlined by one of its draftersStanley Kurtz, of the Ethics and Public Policy Centerinclude: require public universities to adopt a declaration of the centrality of free speech; nullify all speech codes; declare campus podiums open to all speakers invited by student organizations or faculty members; forbid disruptions of invited speakers and punish disruptors; prevent the designation of limited free speech zones; and require university stewards to adhere to policies of institutional neutrality on public-policy controversies of the day (lest students and professors disagreeing with official policy be under heavy pressure to conform).
In a February 1 article for the James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal, Kurtz strongly criticized the idea of letting those who shout down campus speakers escape unpunished: Legitimate protest must of course be permitted and protected. Yet interrupting, physically assaulting, or shouting down speakers is tyranny, pure and simple and cannot be tolerated by any community that cherishes and protects free expression.
Quoting a 1929 opinion by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes that defined genuine freedom as freedom for the thought that we hate, Kurtz added this cogent thought: Far from being license, true freedom is an act of self-control, a refusal to physically extinguish even the speech we abhor. Freedom is a refusal to attack our opponents with everything weve got. Campus demonstrators have mistakenly elevated what they think of as sensitivity and civility over the principle of free expression. Yet the truth is, freedom of speech itself is the ultimate act of civility.
Legislatures taking this proposed measure under consideration might well seek to improve upon it or develop their own approaches. Private universities would not be subject to state controls; however, their trustees could draw many ideas for application to their campuses, such as retooling freshman orientation to ensure students know from the outset that the free and respectful exchange of competing ideas will be central to their learning experience.
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Entire Campus Should Be Safe Space for Free Speech - Townhall
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Geert Wilders Is No Hero Of Free Speech – Huffington Post
Posted: at 7:00 am
COPENHAGEN Geert Wilders, the leader of the Dutch Party for Freedom and one of Europes most influential politicians, likes to express his admiration for the U.S. Constitutions First Amendment. Thats no coincidence. The First Amendment provides the best legal protection of speech in the world, including the kind of speech that in December 2016 led to the conviction of Wilders in the Netherlands for having insulted Dutch Moroccans and having incited discrimination during a political rally a few years back.
I suppose thats why Wilders is seen by some as a politician willing to stand up for freedom of expression and speak his mind about uncomfortable issues that others have refrained from doing. He insists on his right to unfettered criticism of Islam and Muslim communities as fundamental to free speech. In the wake of terrorist attacks in Europe and clashes of culture and values, these issues have risen to the top of the political agenda in most European countries.
Recently, one of Wilderss supporters in the U.S., the right-wing activist David Horowitz, lauded the anti-Muslim Dutchman as the Paul Revere of Europe ... a hero of the most important battle of our times, the battle to defend free speech. Its true that this is a crucial battle. Its outcome will have long-term consequences for the protection of freedom in liberal democracies. Free speech is under attack from many quarters. Wilders himself has to live with round-the-clock security because of his stance on Islam and immigration.
I am fully on Wilderss side when it comes to the speech crimes he has been accused of. I am against hate speech laws as a matter of principle but also for practical reasons. They are not the most effective way to fight bigotry. They tend to be enforced selectively and express a social norm, not a genuine will to fight bigotry. One mans hate speech may be another mans poetry. I also believe its important to defend Wilderss right to speak out in light of the threats against his life.
Nevertheless, I disagree with people like Horowitz, who see Wilders as a defender of free speech. Let me explain why. Wilders has called for banning the Quran. He wants to close mosques and ban the building of new ones, and he has proposed a change to the Dutch Constitution that would outlaw faith-based schools for Muslims but not for Christians and citizens committed to other religions and life philosophies.
As a justification for his position on Islam, Wilders often quotes Abraham Lincolns words from a letter written in 1859: Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves. But one could turn Lincolns words against Wilders himself. By calling for a ban on the Quran and for the closing of mosques and faith-based schools for Muslims, he insists on denying freedom of speech and religion to Muslims.
Does that mean that Wilders, contrary to Lincolns claim in a very different context, deserves freedom of speech for himself? It does, I believe, though Wilderss position on Islam makes his support for the First Amendment and calls for a European First Amendment ring hollow. A couple years ago, when I debated Wilders on the legitimate limits of free speech in a democracy, I told him that all his proposals to restrict freedom of speech and religion for Muslims would be denounced by the U.S. Supreme Court with reference to First Amendment protection. They wouldnt stand a chance to become the law of the land. Wilders responded that if thats the case, then we need to adopt a slightly different version of the First Amendment in Europe.
It became clear to me that Wilderss support for the First Amendment was based on the fact that it would protect his own speech, but when he found out that the First Amendment would also provide a robust protection of the freedom of speech and religion for Muslims, he was reluctant to support it.
In doing so, he failed the acid test for the support of free speech in a democracy. It was first formulated by the legendary Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, who issued a famous dissenting opinion in 1929: If there is any principle of the Constitution that more imperatively calls for attachment than any other it is the principle of free thought not free thought for those who agree with us but freedom for the thought that we hate.
Freedom for the speech that we hate. Thats the acid test. This principle embodies the essence of tolerance. You do not ban, intimidate, threaten or use violence against speech that you deeply dislike or hate.
So, on Islam and Muslims, Wilders comes down on the wrong side of democracy when it comes to three of its key principles: freedom of speech and religion, equality before the law and tolerance.
Wilders tries to escape accusations for discrimination against Islam and Muslims by saying that Islam just isnt like any other religion. Its a totalitarian ideology like fascism and Communism, he insists. He has compared the Quran to HitlersMein Kampf, and for a while, he justified his call for banning the Quran with a reference to the fact that Mein Kampf was banned in the Netherlands. In recent years, he has insisted on outlawing the Quran independent of the fate of Mein Kampf,which was recently published in Germany for the first time since the fall of the Nazis.
Some people would be inclined to support Wilderss claim about Islam as a totalitarian ideology. However, it doesnt improve his argument significantly. The works of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler and other ideologues of totalitarian or anti-democratic ideologies are accessible in the majority of democratic states. The classical texts of Communism werent banned during the Cold War. In many Western democracies, there were Communist newspapers and publishing houses. Communists had their own schools and controlled unions, and Communist parties were running for Parliament. If Communist parties became targets of bans, they were usually short-lived or not enforced.
Why treat Islam any different, even if you think its not a religion but a totalitarian political ideology?
Here is what Wilders replied when I said that it is fundamental to a democracy to make a distinction between words and deeds if one wants to safeguard free speech and provide space to a diversity of opinions: We have to not only criminalize actions but the source legitimizing actions as well that is the Quran. If we dont do it, we provide those who want to kill our freedom with the means to do so.
Wilders insists that its impossible to separate words and deeds when it comes to Islam i.e. between what the Quran says and what Muslims quoting the Quran say, and violence committed by Muslims in the name Islam. That is very problematic. This is the way a dictatorship operates. It treats words as if they were actions and therefore they put people propagating unwelcome opinions in jail. Authoritarian regimes state explicitly that these kind of people represent a threat to the public order, social harmony or security.
Wilderss argument for limiting the rights of Muslims shares other similarities with unfree societies. When he calls for banning the Quran and shutting down mosques and faith-based schools, he refers to opinion polls taken from among the Muslim population he bases his call for restrictions on what Muslims think and believe, not what they actually do or plan to do. In other words, Wilders accuses Muslims of being guilty of thought crimes, and he believes that this is sufficient to justify restrictions of their civil rights.
I am not saying that widely spread opinions among Muslims on apostasy and blasphemy, on equality between men and women, on homosexuality and freedom of speech and religion and other issues arent problematic, to say the least. I am saying that in a democracy, you cannot restrict freedoms based on what people think. In a democracy, you criminalize quite a few deeds like tax evasion, shop lifting, fast driving, fraud and murder but you ban only words that directly incite violence or crimes.
Wilderss quote of Abraham Lincoln Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves is incomplete. It continues: and under a just God, cannot long retain it. In the context of Wilderss selective defense of free speech, those words are worth remembering.
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Geert Wilders Is No Hero Of Free Speech - Huffington Post
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In Defending Free Speech, Says Teresa Sullivan, ‘the Middle Ground Is the High Ground’ – Chronicle of Higher Education (subscription)
Posted: at 7:00 am
Steve Helber, AP Images
Teresa A. Sullivan, president of the U. of Virginia
And that includes speech that some find intolerant and offensive, she said here Sunday at the American Council on Educations annual gathering. Her half-hour keynote, When the Middle Ground Is the High Ground: Free Speech and the University, served as a call for institutions both public and private to uphold freedom of speech.
Any restriction on it seems incompatible with the fundamental values of higher education, said Ms. Sullivan, who has been UVas president since 2010 and plans to step down next year.
Students, she added, can be the biggest opponents of free speech without realizing it when they demand to be protected from speech they find offensive. But doing so does them a disservice, she said, because were leaving them unprepared for the intellectual and social fray that they will enter the moment they step off our campuses.
Any restriction on it seems incompatible with the fundamental values of higher education.
In a letter, Ms. Sullivans critics had questioned why she would use Jefferson as a moral compass, given his connection to slavery, and asked to her to avoid quoting him again. Later, she said she had to push back against efforts from a surprising number of people who urged her to fire the faculty members who signed the letter and expel the students. Again, the audience laughed, one of the few times it made itself known during Mrs. Sullivans lecture.
I had to explain that, in a free-speech environment, those faculty and students had just as much right to express their opinions as I did, Ms. Sullivan said.
In her speech, Ms. Sullivan also touched on recent campus shakeups, including the violent protest at the University of California at Berkeley last month ahead of a planned speech by Milo Yiannopoulos.
Whats all so troubling is that the protesters wanted to shut down Murray without even knowing what he would said, potentially robbing themselves of the opportunity to refute his views, Ms. Sullivan said.
Ms. Sullivan also mentioned cases in which conservatives had protested campus visitors with views they opposed. Those included a February 2015 incident at Texas Tech University involving Angela Davis, a political activist and a professor emeritus at University of California at Santa Cruz, in which some students pushed the university to rescind an invitation for her to speak. She also pointed to an April 2015 incident in which Kean University backed away from its choice of the musician Common as its commencement speaker. Keans decision came after the choice drew protests from state police officers.
As leaders in higher education, when free expression seems to be under attack from all sides of the political spectrum, we can set the right example by standing in the middle ground to defend it on all sides, Ms. Sullivan said.
To that end, she encouraged university leaders to denounce racist, sexist or homophobic insults and other forms of bias on our campuses. She also said efforts to increase diversity among faculty, staff and students should continue. And Ms. Sullivan said continuing conversation about the issues we face as educators is necessary.
Candid discussion is the first step toward solutions, she said.
Chris Quintana is a breaking-news reporter. Follow him on Twitter @cquintanadc or email him at chris.quintana@chronicle.com.
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Walker: Christmas lights and environmental pantheism – The Daily Tribune
Posted: at 6:59 am
Several weeks ago a writer on this page pontificated at length about a lingering Christmas display in downtown Mt. Pleasant. Seems holiday lights not removed immediately at 12 a.m. December 26 are a garish, patchwork menace to the common good. Hoo boy.
If this cranky-pants observation didnt resonate with readers theres his sharing of opinions on inconsistent enforcement of city codes, hair-pulling on the Oakland County town of Rochester (a soulless, stamping plant suburb with the same interchangeable identity as every other town in the metro Detroit blob) and, why not?, human complicity in the whole climate-change magilla because plugging in Christmas lights past a certain date kills polar bears or something.
Whats next? Sucking lemons in front of the horn section of the high-school marching band?
It seems somebody needs his blankie, a glass of warm milk, a cookie, a lullaby and a hug. Perhaps a visit to the wonderful little town of Rochester is in order as well as a science lesson from reputable scientists rather than the self-aggrandizing pronouncements of Bill Nye (not a scientist), Neil deGrasse Tyson (not a climate scientist) or any number of pundits in this space claiming to have found the one true faith within their brand of environmentalism.
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Ahhh, but in this day and age it becomes necessary to attack Christmas decorations as god awful and ugly as sin in order to bolster a secularist faith in Christianitys stead. Get the religious irony of the lower-case g and the presupposition of sin, albeit sins according only to pantheistic sensibilities?
You gotta serve somebody, rasped Bobby Zimmerman, and better a secularized, pantheistic version than a celebration of the birth of Jesus, at least according to the writer(s) and celebrities mentioned above. Not for some the light curtains on a downtown eatery in a small, Midwestern college town, but, by all means, construct monstrosities across the rural landscapes of the United States that serve as the secular iconography of the environmentalist religion. Let us bow our heads and offer prayers to Gaia.
Just never you mind that you cant see the forests for the turbines, birds are pureed by the thousands, and light flicker and noise combine to generate a general health nuisance. Oh, yeah, all in the name of an energy source of questionable capabilities thatll never attain base load status and relies heavily on continued public subsidies. But, yeah, by all means, lets focus on Christmas lights because city codes should be enforced to every jot and tittle to appease the aesthetics of a malcontent in the service of the secular environmentalist Baal or some such poppycock.
Francis Bacon noted that knowledge is power sometime during the Renaissance. Its been a consistent ploy ever since the Renaissance to promote what passes for knowledge over meditation rather than a balance of the two. Hence the religious and ideological fervor displayed by the followers of scientism rather than real science; in their typical ends justify the means manner, scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration deliberately misled the world with fabrications refuting the 20-year hiatus in increasing global temperatures.
As it turns out, the priests at NOAA led by Tom Karl jooked scientific standards not to further science but to circumvent it by using incomplete data that cannot be verified for experimental results that cannot be duplicated, which is, you know, what real science is supposed to be. This past month, retired NOAA climatologist John Bates threw a flagrant manipulation of scientific integrity guidelines and scientific publication standards flag on the 2015 report lead-authored by Karl on Judith Currys Climate Etc. blog.
By all means, lets protect the environment as good stewards stewards applying real scientific knowledge and faith-based meditation, rather than merely the pronouncements of the charlatans of scientism and Christmas-light killjoys.
Bruce Edward Walker (walker.editorial@gmail.com) is a Morning Sun columnist and freelance writer.
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Walker: Christmas lights and environmental pantheism - The Daily Tribune
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An Interview with Emmanuel Donate, JD Director, Hispanic American Freethinkers – Conatus News
Posted: at 6:59 am
An Interview with Emmanuel Donate, JD Director, Hispanic American Freethinkers
Emmanuel Donate is a member of the board of directors for the Hispanic American Freethinkers. Professionally he works as a mathematics, science, and martial arts teacher and as an immigration and family law attorney. He has a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus and a J.D. from Mercer University, Walter F. George School of Law. He is currently a graduate student at the University of Georgia where he has completed an M.S. in Physics and is finishing his dissertation in Astrophysics with a research focus in radio astronomy.
You are the director of Hispanic American Freethinkers. What tasks and responsibilities come with this position?
I am one of seven directors of the Hispanic American Freethinkers. My position on the board is a bit unique. I was HAFrees attorney for four years prior to joining the board in 2016. My biggest role on the board has been to advise on legal issues. This ranges from controlling content that gets released to the public to writing, researching and editing documents that pertain to HAFrees non-profit status or our intellectual property.
Whats your family and personal background in terms of freethinking? What was your experience of becoming, of living, as a freethinker? Your moment of awakening?
I became a freethinker at 16. I had been raised Catholic and was living a life of a lot of privilege. My family didnt have a lot of money but my father was in the military so we lived well, we were provided for and we travelled often. I had good grades and made enough friends to make school life mostly pleasant and enjoyable. When I was about to enter high school, my father was in the process of retiring from the military and so we moved back to Puerto Rico.
When I went to school in Puerto Rico, I faced a large culture shock that took me into a big depression. My solution was to pray more and get more involved with the church. The idea was that I was facing these difficulties because I had strayed the path and that if I were more dedicated God would help put things back in their place. Things only got worse as I got more into religion.
Eventually I realised the praying wasnt working. I didnt know who to talk to or what to read since everyone around me was a Christian. In an amazing stroke of luck, we got our first Internet connection at home around this time.
The Internet gave me way to do research that was covert. I could read about philosophy and any questions I wanted without getting in trouble with family. I found pantheism and at the time it made sense, so I stuck with it. As time passed I lost the label of pantheist but continued to evolve my thinking patterns into what I am today,.
Culture in Puerto Rico is very religious. People there are more willing to come out and claim atheism, secularism, or freethinking more freely now. However, it was mostly unheard of when I was a teenager in 1997. I didnt find friends who had the same ideas until I was in my second year of college.
In general, the process of becoming a freethinker was difficult for me because it included a culture shock, the loss of my religious community support system, and a lack of support from my family and friends. Once I found that group of friends in college, being a freethinker became much easier. I was able to develop my relationships and ideas within a supportive and inquisitive community. Ive kept all of those friends and, now, thanks to HAFree, Ive made even more friends across the globe whoshare the same ideas and want to contribute to a greater community.
What makes a good freethinker?
I hesitate to answer this question because it seems like it includes a moral/value judgement. I am not the right person to say what makes or doesnt make a good freethinker. Im more confident in talking objectively about what makes a freethinker rather than a good freethinker.
The scientist in me says that a freethinker is a person who fits the definition of a freethinker. Obvious right? If you form your opinions based on logical reasoning and evidence and you do not from your opinions on the basis of tradition, authority, or faith, then I would say calling yourself a freethinker would be accurate.
Subjectively, Id say that whether someone is a good freethinker depends on whether that someone is a good person. Who are you in the world, what do you do? What is your way? I dont think there is a way to define that in words. If the people around you feel that you are positive force in the world and you happen to be a freethinker then I would feel that you are a good freethinker.
There was a time where I thought that freethinking could be associated with a code of values, but I dont believe that to be true any longer. I think I believed this because religiosity is always connected to a code of values. So it seemed natural that once you left your religiosity, whatever occupied that space would include a code of values. However freethinking as a lifestyle necessitates that you assume fewer things to be true or objectively clear-cut.
Freethinking does not occupy the same space as religion in the mind because it functions as a negation of knowledge. Religiosity imposes a foundation of information from which to draw conclusions about reality. As a freethinker, you question yourself and ideas far more often than when you are religious about any given fact or opinion. When you are less sure of your knowledge. it is harder to develop an objective code of values around that knowledge. Hence, there is no cut and dry way to establish goodness solely on the basis of words. Your goodness is a function of your self; only those that interact with you could ever tell you if your self is any good.
Where do you most differ from mainstream freethinking in its definition, aims, and activism, if at all?
Ive been through a lot of changes in how I go about being an activist. I had a firebrand period where I argued against and criticised religion. This period coincided with the debates that made Christopher Hitchens and Sam Harris a force within the freethinking community. I admired them, and during that time I emulated their behaviour. Going through law school also increased my willingness to engage in debate.
The debate-prone version of myself continued until about 2012 when I went back to school to do a PhD. Since that time, I have focused more on community and bridge building. Where law taught me to fight science taught me to reconcile. I wanted to find more ways of making the freethinking community get closer together and of forming conversation and positive communication pathways between the religious community and the freethinkers. Lately, Ive had more success with conversation than I had with debate.
The current socio-political climate suggests to me that we have to do better about coming together and building a governmental system that is inclusive and protects individual liberties more than we have. This is in order to come together in order to highlight our metaphysical differences in the public square. There is always a place for intellectual debate, and I always enjoy watching the debates. I certainly do not believe that the activists who are engaging in the debates or the firebrand activism need to stop or be less forceful. However, I dont personally have that passion anymore. I leave that to those who have the controversies as their personal mission and enjoy their work from the side-lines.
What are the main reasons, within your experience, people become freethinkers? For example, arguments from logic and philosophy, evidence from mainstream science, or experience within traditional religious structures.
What I see the most are two things: i) people open minded enough to have rational epiphanies and ii) people who have gone through some kind of trauma or difficult situation in which religion is directly responsible.
Most of my friends and family whose religiosity has eroded as adults continue to hold on to the idea of a greater power. The scientific and rational arguments are not lost on them when it comes to the fantastic parts of their core religions, but the god figure is still very present in their belief systems. On the other hand, the friends (Im the only agnostic-atheist in my family) who lost their religiosity at a young age, say teenagers, were far more likely to burn the whole thing down and let go of the god figure.
The older a person is, the harder it is to get the to move on to the freethinking side of things and change their cognitive theory of the universe. If you base your understanding of reality on god for a long time, it will take a long time before you can pull that god pin out of your system without the whole thing crashing down around you. Although it does no physical harm to have your cognitive reality fall apart, it can include some psychological damage depending on your level of belief and engagement. It takes a good bit of mental fortitude to crossover to freethinking and start your model of the universe from the beginning again, especially if you have passed your youthful rebellious phase.
What is the best reason you have ever come across for freethinking?
Science.
For me its obvious that the success of science is the only reason any of us are here and particularly able to have this conversation. A freethinker accepts logic, reason and critical thinking and rejects tradition, authority, and faith as paths to knowledge. What this means is that when Kepler was trying to understand the orbits of the planets he put away any faith in an earth-centred universe. What we see is that in order for us to be successful as a species, it requires us to accept that we do not have real answers a priori; real meaning answers that accurately reflect our physical reality. Put very loosely, human ideas about how reality works are consistently wrong but we still convince ourselves we are consistently right.
Our tendency to think we are right and be wrong is very dangerous; it means we will continuously make mistakes. So how do we accept and take into account our error prone human nature when we are trying to decide how to live on the planet and amongst each other? Our philosophy and psychology have to take into account our natural state of being. The best way to do that is to think and act in such a way that our behaviour naturally uncovers our mistakes. We have to revisit and analyse our decisions, their consequences, and the implications of those consequences.
If we are to improve our state of living, as individuals and as a species, then we must be freethinkers. We must, as a species, adopt the understanding that we do not have all the answers and that everything must be questioned. It is the best way to safeguard against catastrophically wrong ideas that are the root of many of our traditional institutions and political discourse.
Two simple examples of this are the denial of climate change and the teaching of evolution in schools. These are ideas that are only accepted because of arguments founded in faith, tradition, and authority. A freethinking public would not likely be guilty of teaching creationism or denying climate change.
This is the greatest success of science and freethinking. The scientists made freethinking the foundation of their institution. With this foundation, science has been able to survive against traditional backlash for centuries. Not only has science successfully weathered human crises, but it has also been the driving mechanism for implementing the solutions to those crises as they have arisen. There is no better reason for free-thinking.
Is it more probable for freethinking to be accepted among the younger sub-population than the older sub-population?
Yes, but I think this is more a function of humanity than it is a function of freethinking as a concept. Young people are more open about things because in general they have learned less about life than older people. Even in religious or non-freethinking societies the young tend to be more revolutionary and looking for change, positive or negative.
Older people had to fight different fights and so they chose to ignore the fights they could not win or fights that werent as important to win. Younger folks walk in with the freedoms of those battles ready to take on new battles. The new atheist or freethinking revolution would not have happened the way it did a few years ago had it not been for the social civil movements other marginalised populations mobilised for in the past.
What are the popular community activities provided by Hispanic American Freethinkers?
HAFree offers monthly meetups encouraging its members to get together for social and educational purposes. Since its foundation in 2010, it has an annual picnic, sometimes inviting other secular groups such as Ex-Muslims of North America. Many of its members participate in tabling at conferences, festivals, and similar in order to inform the public about critical thinking, science, and scepticism of everything, especially the so-called supernatural claims. HAFree works with other organizations on everything from separation of religion and government issues, to educating people on death with dignity issues. HAFree also partners up with other organisations such as Humanistas Seculares de Puerto Rico and American Atheists to put together conferences that are beneficial to the communities we are trying to serve.
What are some of the demographics of Hispanic American Freethinkers? Who is most likely to join Hispanic American Freethinkers? (Age, sex, sexual orientation, and so on.)
Hispanics (a minority ethnic group in the U.S.) are made up of people of all races. Some are born here and some were born abroad. Some speak Spanish, some speak English only, and mostare bilingual to one degree or another. Family backgrounds come from every country in the Americas and, even if not self-identified as Hispanic or Latino, they are all welcomed as freethinkers. Most members and supporters tend to be between age 16 and 60 with the bell curve leaning towards the late 20s and early 30s. HAFree has transgendered, gay, straight, male, and female, but we dont keep much records on such demographics.
What have been the largest activist and educational initiatives provided by Hispanic American Freethinkers? Out of these, what have been honest failures and successes?
In the past 5 or so years, HAFree has provided speakers for a couple of dozen conferences, exposing the organisation and its members to the greater growing secular community in the U.S. These presentations throughout the country have helped inform mainstream Americans about the plight of Hispanics, including the specific targeting done by religious groups including Muslims, Jehovah Witnesses, Pentecostals, and Mormons just to name a few. HAFree gives seminars in high schools and colleges on critical thinking, careers in STEM, technology futurism, etc. and its members are often asked to participate in panels about minorities in secularism.
HAFree produces a podcast in Spanish whereby topics of science and controversial issues such as abortion are discussed as well as some debates with Christian pastors in the form of conversations about religion claims and counterclaims. Once or twice a month, HAFree members host the television show Road to Reason A Skeptics Guide to the 21st Century in which religion, pseudoscience, superstitions, and other claims are carefully examined through the lens of science. HAFree produces a lot of online debates, brochures, t-shirts, bible stickers, buttons, and similar to help people understand better the flawed thinking of faith-based claims. In general, everything has been very successful.
On the weakness side, being an all volunteered organisation and one that is in general more mobile than most other communities (yes, Hispanics tend to move a lot), it is challenging to have continuity in some of the projects. This will sometimes lead to pauses in activities that were going well (i.e. you will notice some difference in times when publishing the HAFree podcast). Although the organisation is 100% volunteer, funding is extremely challenging because our target communities are already far less affluent than mainstream Americans and volunteers are already tasked in doing what they are most passionate about educating people about freethought within the Hispanic/Latino cultural environments of our Nation. Currently, HAFree has been working in creating a documentary film about Latinos in the U.S., their beliefs, and challenges as both religious and freethinkers.
Who/what are the main threats towards freethinking as a movement?
The erosion of church and state separation is the biggest problem as far as I can see. Some parts of government and religion have never been separate, despite what the constitution says. If we can continue to win those battles and not lose ground on the battles we have already won, then I think the movement will continue to flourish and improve humanity. Otherwise, things will go back towards theocracy and the freethinking movement will have to start from the beginning again.
How can people become involved with the Hispanic American Freethinkers? Theres the meetup group, and TwitterandFacebook.
Any of those are great. The directors are all available on those platforms and any of us would enjoy talking with folks that are interested in talking to us.
Any closing thoughts or feelings based on the discussion today?
No, thank you for interviewing me. Please let me know if you have any follow up questions you would like me to address.
Thank you for your time, Emmanuel.
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The Necessity of Atheism – Big Think
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Upon learning of the drowning of Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1822, the London Courier took a shot at the deceased poets atheism by writing, now he knows whether there is a God or no. Shelleys wife, Mary, who had published Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus only four years prior, probably didnt enjoy the jab at her late husband, victim of a sudden storm in the Gulf of Spezia.
Percy Shelley never achieved widespread fame during his lifetime. After death his writing spreadThe Cenci, Prometheus Unbound, and Hellas became classics. Along the way the poet penned essays and journal entires describing his transition from mystical pantheism to atheism. In 1811he published The Necessity of Atheism, for which he received flack from the religiously-inclined. Two years later, while writing his poem, Queen Mab, he expanded and revised the essay.
Shelley was living during Englands golden age of scientific discovery. As a student at Oxford he fell in love with the new technology of ballooning. He equated the epic flights of silk balloons, which would soon carry humans, with liberation, himself once securing a revolutionary pamphlet on a number of balloons that he launched from a Lynmouth beach.
Shelleys poetry was filled with scientific wonder. He studied under James Lind, the Scottish physician most famous for conducting the first experimental method by treating sailors with citrus to cure scurvy. While many of Shelleys contemporaries were searching for metaphysical explanations of the growing fields of biology and chemistry, Shelley recognized poetry in the processes of nature.
The young poet found Christianity detestable, infusing his thoughts on psychology with scientific ideas. His amalgam of speculative journalinghe shared diaries with Marylaid the foundation for her to dream up Frankenstein and usher in a new form of literature, the science fiction novel. Just as Shelley was influenced by researchers around him, those same scientists drew inspiration from the poetic materialism expressed in his verses.
In The Necessity of Atheism, Shelley writes that man first feared then adored the elements, paying homage to the planet by learning to control them. Humans then started to simplify categorieswhich is true in light of modern neuroscience as well as the historical evolution from polytheism to monotheismand imagined a single agent as the source of all of nature.
Mounting from cause to cause, mortal man has ended by seeing nothing; and it is in this obscurity that he has placed his God; it is in this darksome abyss that his uneasy imagination has always labored to fabricate chimeras, which will continue to afflict him until his knowledge of nature chases these phantoms which he has always so adored.
It is our ignorance, he continues, that forces our minds to fill in gaps by invoking divinity. Through study we dispel this ignorance, a phenomenon Shelley witnessed firsthand with the discovery of numerous elements, gases, and compounds. Previously our ignorance kept us from unraveling natures secret process; when the process is understood knowledge replaces mysticism. He sums this up succinctly:
If ignorance of nature gave birth to gods, knowledge of nature is made for their destruction.
An educated man turns away from superstition in Shelleys estimation. Education is essential because religion is effectively a struggle for power. Nations are built on the belief of a god. If a handful of men claim to communicate with and through this deity they seize power from the populace. Since God is invented by man, it is through man that he is made known. Make people believe in your story and you can write whatever narrative youd like.
Our pride keeps us believing, our vanity constructed in such a way so that we stiffen before difficulties. Best to invoke a metaphysical explanation and pre-ordained destiny than face the indifferent realities of biology. This indifference confuses Shelley: a being that we endow with all the goodness in the world while turning a blind eye to endless atrocities. What man receives in return for his adoration is silence, which Shelley expresses in a sentence that has formed the basis of skepticism throughout the ages:
If God wishes to be known, cherished, thanked, why does he not show himself under his favorable features to all these intelligent beings by whom he wishes to be loved and adored?
If this deity were so all-powerful as to demand of us our complete subjugation, Shelley continues, he would have made himself known to require our fear and respect. In one of the essays most poetic lines, he lays out the scenario:
Instead of hanging the sun in the vault of the firmament, instead of scattering stars without order, and the constellations which fill space, would it not have been more in conformity with the views of a God so jealous of his glory and so well-intentioned for mankind, to write, in a manner not subject to dispute, his name, his attributes, his permanent wishes in ineffaceable characters, equally understandable to all the inhabitants of the earth?
His omnipotence is disproven by the need for prayer and the necessity of temples. How can humans offend or resist something all-powerful? If he is truly inconceivable why do we bother wasting time contemplating him? Even Shelley knew the power of the caps lock:
IF HE HAS SPOKEN, WHY IS THE UNIVERSE NOT CONVINCED?
Atheism is a necessity to the thinking mind, Shelley concludes. He was watching the greatest minds of his generation cure longstanding diseases, create new compounds, and harness the powers of chemistry. Carl Linnaeuss coding system was leading to progress in evolutionary theory. Religion was being exposed as the governing system that it is. If man need pay tribute to nature and not ether, why continue to to make manipulative men more powerful?
The mind of Shelley has held up in the two centuries since his drowning. He discovered firsthand, however briefly before he succumbed, the extraordinary forces of nature. Toward the end of The Necessity of Atheism his ignorance of whether we exist before and after death. It just wasnt that important to him. He knew that life is too full of wonder without the need of invoking divinity. We still profit from such advice to this day.
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Derek's next book,Whole Motion: Training Your Brain and Body For Optimal Health, will be published on 7/4/17 by Carrel/Skyhorse Publishing. He is based in Los Angeles. Stay in touch onFacebookandTwitter.
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Atheists at risk of dying out due to belief in contraception, study … – The Independent
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A new study has suggested that atheism is doomed because religious people have higher rates of reproduction.
Due to their lack of belief in contraception, religious believers are having more children than atheists, which could ultimately result in the end of atheism, the study suggests.
The findings fly in the face of popular discourse - and scientists predictions - which implies fewer and fewer people are religious nowadays.
What marriage would be like if we followed the bible
But the new research claims religion is actually at no risk of dying out and the reverse is in fact the case.
Scientists from the US and Malaysia studied over 4,000 students, asking them about their religious beliefs and how many siblings they had.
They found that Malaysian atheists had 1.5 fewer siblings than the average.
The gap was narrower in the US, where students unaffiliated with any religion had 0.16 fewer siblings than average - non-religious couples had 3.04 children, whereas the average for the whole population is 3.2.
It is ironical that effective birth control methods were developed primarily by secularists, and that these methods are serving to slowly diminish the proportional representation of secularists in forthcoming generations, the researchers said.
Although one might argue that just because someone has religious parents it doesnt necessarily mean they will grow up with the same beliefs, further studies haveshown that religion does in fact appear to be heritable.
And it appears both nature and nurture play a role - it may seem obvious that how youre brought up will influence your worldview, but it turns out theres a genetic base too.
Those with a higher capacity to believe in a god have certain genes.
The researchers of the study explain that before the 19th century, there was probably little difference in reproduction rates regardless of whether you had the genes or not.
However this then changed: By the mid-19th century, scientific discoveries had moved to a point that human reproduction was sufficiently well understood that fertility rates began to be impacted, especially in the emerging industrial countries, the scientists explain.
And just as the discovery of evolution was made, the genes that make someone more likely to be religious gained a reproductive advantage - and were better able to spread through the population, The Times reports.
Does religion divide London?
This was a time when effective and safe means of birth control were yet to be developed.
However, research indicates that the individuals who were most successful in curtailing their fertility during this time were the most highly educated and the least religious, the researchers explain.
Thus, for the first time in human history, secularists began to curtail their reproduction much more than the highly religious segments of these countries.
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Becoming Atheist: Humanism and the Secular West, by Callum G. Brown – Times Higher Education (THE)
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This is an ambitious book. Lively and well written, it tries to convince readers that the turn to atheism, also referred to as de-conversion and the rise of no religionism, is closely connected to the Western cultural shift of the 1960s and the rise of mass unbelief since the 1990s.
Callum Brown describes himself as a cultural and social historian informed by the social scientific method. Unlike a sociologist, however, he does not present a vast array of detailed statistics and comparative data. Building on his earlier work, The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation 1800-2000 (2001) and Religion and the Demographic Revolution: Women and Secularisation in Canada, Ireland, UK and USA since the 1960s (2013), he bases this study on wide-ranging archive material and interviews with 85 people from 18 countries. Their oral history provides valuable and provocative information about individuals in Europe and North America of Christian, Jewish and other backgrounds, who explain how they have come to be without a religious faith.
The narratives of these individuals create a richly quilted pattern of belief and unbelief, from the atheist child to the maturation of atheism, and from the silent and indifferent atheist to womens and mens atheistic profiles, followed by a discussion of atheism and ethnicity. Each chapter examines important themes disclosing different experiences, insights and questions. Many are addressed with subtlety and concern, but much remains that is controversial, unacknowledged and misrepresented. Browns imaginative treatment certainly provides rich material for lively debates among fellow scholars and students of history, philosophy, religion and ethics. Yet his lack of discernment or should I say blindness? regarding more perceptive analyses of both atheism and religion is shocking. No reference is made to existing histories of atheism among the ancient Greeks, Jews and Christians that show that atheism is not a new invention but as old as religion itself. Nor does Brown discuss why he refers to both god and God, and what this difference might imply. There is also no recognition of the different goals of professional religious education offered in British schools, and the religious nurturing transmitted by the family and religious places of worship.
Readers must ask whether this books sometimes astounding generalisations are not based on far too slender and unrepresentative evidence, especially as the condensed interview descriptions deal primarily with the stories of one African American, one Jew, four Hindus, one Muslim, and some white Westerners. Much is made of the links between modern feminism and atheism without any acknowledgement of the equally strong feminist voices of faith now active in all major religions, and so brilliantly described by Durre Ahmed as the gendering of the Spirit and by others as a truly silent revolution.
The most rewarding chapter is the last, The humanist condition, which explores a more inclusive vision of an atheism with a heart. Unsurprisingly, people men more than women are now twice as likely to call themselves humanist as atheist. What is needed is honest, open dialogue among humanism, atheism and religion, not another dogmatic defence of atheism.
Ursula King is emeritus professor of theology and religious studies, University of Bristol.
Becoming Atheist: Humanism and the Secular West By Callum G. Brown Bloomsbury, 248pp, 80.00 and 21.99 ISBN 9781474224499 and 4529 Published 12 January 2017
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Pakistan’s War on Atheism – Northlines – The Northlines
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Kunwar Khuldune Shahid
On Tuesday a High Court Judge in Pakistans capital Islamabad reiterated in a hearing that blasphemers are terrorists, as a petitioner sought a ban on social media pages allegedly uploading derogatory posts against Islam and Prophet Muhammad.
Justice Shaukat Aziz Siddiqui, who has broken down in tears in every single one of the three hearings on the case this week, on Wednesday asked the government to put blasphemers on the Exit Control List (ECL).
On Thursday, Siddiqui, who has represented Islamic State-sympathizing Lal Masjid cleric Abdul Aziz in the past, said he would summon the prime minister if no action is taken against social media pages that post blasphemous content.
The Islamabad police have since registered a case against the owners of these pages. The Senate has approved a resolution demanding strict action against blasphemous content online. Meanwhile, the Federal Investigation Agency has published ads in national dailies asking citizens to help identify blasphemers on Facebook.
During the hearing this week, the Islamabad High Court (IHC) judge, implied that murder would be inevitable if the pages arent blocked. He went on to add that liberal secular extremism is a bigger threat than Islamic extremism.
Pakistans interior secretary assured Justice Siddiqui that the entire government machinery would be set in motion to address the issue. This was followed by the interior minister vowing to block social media completely if the issue isnt resolved.
Meanwhile, the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) Chairman, in his defense, said that similar social media pages have recently been blocked and that it takes time to convince the Facebook administration to take action.
These blocked pages include Bhensa, Mochi, and Roshni, which have either been blocked or taken over by the Elite Cyber Force of Pakistan.
In January, secular bloggers and activists, many of whom were accused of being affiliated with these pages, were abducted from various parts of the country, with the well-coordinated maneuver accused of being a state-backed operation by many quarters.
While many were subsequently recovered, some fled the country immediately. One of these activists revealed on Thursday how the state had tortured him beyond limits.
Almost parallel to the activists release, the Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) Chief Hafiz Saeed, accused of masterminding the Mumbai Attacks, was put under house arrest. Many believe the states long overdue action against Kashmir-bound jihadists is being pushed by China, as it seeks security for the much touted economic corridor.
With the current ruling party forging political alliances with many of these jihadist groups, and the Army using them as strategic assets for proxy wars in Kashmir and Afghanistan, only external pressure can lead to decisive counterterror action.
But what this has meant is that both the civilian and military leaders now have to appease their heretofore Islamist allies to avoid collective backlash, as action against jihadist groups becomes inevitable. Pakistans overt war against freethinkers might just give the state the respite that it needs.
Last year, Pakistan also passed its cybercrime law, which upholds identical punishments for Penal Code violations in the cyber-sphere. This means that blasphemy would be punishable by death, even if committed online.
The immediate impact of Januarys abductions was a mass exodus of anonymous secular bloggers from the web. Satirical publication Khabaristan Times was also banned by the PTA, while a shift in editorial policies has been visible in many online and mainstream liberal publications.
This is why Justice Siddiquis juxtaposition of liberal secular extremists and radical Islamists is critical. All state institutions echoing apologia for Islamists, and slamming secularists, is menacing for an already endangered species: the Pakistani atheist.
Delineating the ideological divide, which would result in any liberal ideals being thrown to the wolves, couldve instigated Bangladesh-like violence had Pakistani freethinkers been a quasi-significant demographic. As it is, a few abductions, and banned web pages, were enough to silence many of us.
Ironically, it is the states appeasement of radical Islam that has caused an upsurge in the number of atheists in Pakistan. This is why an official discourse on atheism has been going on in Pakistan, resulting in many expressing non-belief online, most doing so anonymously.
While one still cant officially register as an atheist, or opt for No Religion as identity for the national database, the number of atheists is believed to have increased following the advent of Internet and social media allowing isolated nonbelievers to connect.
Muslims abandoning Islam even if not their Muslim identity is a global phenomenon, and the apostasy wave is upsetting the Islamist cart in Pakistan as well.
In 2015, the hashtag #___ or Aik crore Pakistani mulhid (10 million Pakistani atheists) trended around Darwin Day, with thousands of Twitter users tweeting both for and against atheism. It trended around February 12 last year again. But we didnt see a repeat last month.
While 10 million might be significant exaggeration, a Gallup poll of 50,000 people found that 2 percent of Pakistanis self-identified atheists in 2012, which had doubled from the 1 percent in 2005.
Pakistani atheists a broad term encompassing agonistics, the irreligious, deists, and humanists alike have been lazily painted by the Islamists as liberals and seculars, despite the fact that many believing and practicing Muslims identify as such as well.
Muslims openly identifying as atheist in Pakistan would be an open invitation to violence, considering the states blasphemy laws are interpreted to outlaw apostasy, coupled with the National Database and Registration Authoritys (NADRA) refusal to let citizens officially change Islam as their religion. Hence, the aforementioned secular liberal label also provides refuge to the atheists.
Even so, in websites and social media pages that are critical of Islamic theology, the Islamists at the helm of state institutions have found the filter to sift atheists. Justice Siddiqui himself was quick to clarify that non-Muslims shouldnt be considered in the ongoing case against blasphemers, clearly underscoring apostates as the intended target.
And while these atheists of Muslim heritage arent an organized political entity as is the case in Bangladesh the IHCs verdict, and the capital police registering a case weeks after action against secular activists had already been taken, smacks of a thirst for blood.
Whether the episode is being staged to mollify Islamists amidst the crackdown on jihadists, or if theres a genuine clampdown against free-thought, remains to be seen. But the state seems more than willing to sacrifice its nonbelievers at the altar of its security failures.
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