Daily Archives: July 24, 2015

Fourth Amendment – the Text, Origins, and Meaning

Posted: July 24, 2015 at 8:09 pm

Yellow Dog Productions/The Image Bank/Getty Images

Text of Amendment:

Writs of Assistance:

The Fourth Amendment was written directly in response to British general warrants (called Writs of Assistance), in which the Crown would grant general search powers to British law enforcement official.

These officials could search virtually any home they liked, at any time they liked, for any reason they liked or for no reason at all. Since many of the founding fathers were smugglers, this was an especially unpopular concept in the colonies.

Limited Power:

In practical terms, there is no means by which the government can exercise prior restraint on law enforcement officials. If an officer in Jackson, Mississippi wants to conduct a warrantless search without probable cause, the judiciary is not present at the time and can't prevent the search. This meant that the Fourth Amendment had little power or relevance until 1914.

The Exclusionary Rule:

In Weeks v. United States (1914), the Supreme Court established what has been known as the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule states that evidence obtained through unconstitutional means is inadmissible in court and cannot be used as part of the prosecution's case. Before Weeks, law enforcement officials could violate the Fourth Amendment without being punished for it, secure the evidence, and use it at trial.

The exclusionary rule establishes consequences for violating a suspect's Fourth Amendment rights.

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Fourth Amendment - the Text, Origins, and Meaning

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“Search and Seizure” and the Fourth Amendment – FindLaw

Posted: at 8:09 pm

The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects personal privacy, and every citizen's right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion into their persons, homes, businesses, and property -- whether through police stops of citizens on the street, arrests, or searches of homes and businesses.

What Does the Fourth Amendment Protect?

In the criminal law realm, Fourth Amendment "search and seizure" protections extend to:

The Fourth Amendment provides safeguards to individuals during searches and detentions, and prevents unlawfully seized items from being used as evidence in criminal cases. The degree of protection available in a particular case depends on the nature of the detention or arrest, the characteristics of the place searched, and the circumstances under which the search takes place.

When Does the Fourth Amendment Apply?

The legal standards derived from the Fourth Amendment provide constitutional protection to individuals in the following situations, among others:

Potential scenarios implicating the Fourth Amendment, and law enforcement's legal obligation to protect Fourth Amendment rights in those scenarios, are too numerous to cover here. However, in most instances a police officer may not search or seize an individual or his or her property unless the officer has:

What if My Fourth Amendment Rights Are Violated?

When law enforcement officers violate an individual's constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment, and a search or seizure is deemed unlawful, any evidence derived from that search or seizure will almost certainly be kept out of any criminal case against the person whose rights were violated. For example:

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"Search and Seizure" and the Fourth Amendment - FindLaw

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jitsi/jitsi-meet GitHub

Posted: at 8:08 pm

README.md

Jitsi Meet is an open-source (MIT) WebRTC JavaScript application that uses Jitsi Videobridge to provide high quality, scalable video conferences. You can see Jitsi Meet in action here at the 482 session of the VoIP Users Conference.

You can also try it out yourself at https://meet.jit.si .

Jitsi Meet allows for very efficient collaboration. It allows users to stream their desktop or only some windows. It also supports shared document editing with Etherpad and remote presentations with Prezi.

Installing Jitsi Meet is quite a simple experience. For Debian-based systems, we recommend following the quick-install document, which uses the package system.

For other systems, or if you wish to install all components manually, see the detailed manual installation instructions.

Jitsi Meet uses Browserify. If you want to make changes in the code you need to install Browserify. Browserify requires nodejs.

On Debian/Ubuntu systems, the required packages can be installed with:

To build the Jitsi Meet application, just type

Please use the Jitsi dev mailing list to discuss feature requests before opening an issue on github.

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jitsi/jitsi-meet GitHub

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Jitsi: A Multi-Protocol, Cross Platform Compatible Chat …

Posted: at 8:08 pm

Whether you are using Mac, Windows or Linux, I am sure you have your own favorite chat client that you use on a daily basis. For some of you, you might even have a audio/video call client that you use to make free call to your friends. Wouldnt it be great if you have these two applications combined into one and it works regardless which OS you are using? Jitsi is the one for you. Jitsi is a java-based desktop client that supports multiple chat and audio/video call protocols. You can use it to connect to the various instant messaging service like MSN, Facebook, Google Talk, Yahoo, ICQ, and also make audio/video call with SIP and XMPP. It doesnt support Skype though, but other than that, this seems to be the most complete app I have ever come across.

The installation is pretty simple. Since it is java-based, it will work on every OS that has java enabled. It does come with an installer package for each OS, so you dont need to run the jar file manually in the terminal. Head over to the Download page and download the version for your system. For Linux Debian/Ubuntu users, you can head over to its deb download page and download the version for your system.

On the first run, it will prompt you to setup your accounts by entering your username and password to the various IM and XMPP/SIP accounts.

Once you have set it up, it will run like any other SIP/XMPP/IM client.

On Windows and Mac, it integrates quite well with the system theme, but on my Ubuntu machine, the java GUI sucks. In addition, this application will cause an invisible JavaEmbeddedFrame window to appear in the menu bar and cant be removed until you quit the app. This doesnt affect the functionalities of Jitsi, but still, it can be rather annoying.

For the chat, there is one feature that I like best: the ability to encrypt your chat session. During a chat, you can click the padlock button to encrypt the conversation. However, this works only when both parties are using Jitsi, else it wont work.

To make a audio/video call, you can easily click the Phone or Video icon below your friends name. You can also click the Screen Sharing icon to share your screen, though I cant get it to work, perhaps due to my firewall configuration.

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Jitsi: A Multi-Protocol, Cross Platform Compatible Chat ...

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BGP Hijacking for Cryptocurrency Profit | Dell SecureWorks

Posted: at 8:08 pm

Date Hijacked pool Network AS owner Feb 03, 2014 Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Feb 04, 2014 BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Feb 05, 2014 HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Feb 06, 2014 BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Feb 07, 2014 Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Unknown 54.203.244.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Feb 08, 2014 Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Unknown 54.203.244.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Mar 22, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 162.243.89.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) Mar 23, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 162.243.89.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) Mar 29, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 162.243.89.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) Apr 04, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) Apr 08, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) Apr 11, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) Apr 24, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) Apr 25, 2014 BTCGuild 192.198.107.0/24 (AS55286 B2 Net Solutions Inc., US) BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eligius 192.241.205.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.150.205.0/24 (AS35662 Redstation Limited, GB) Slush 54.195.36.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 54.225.68.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 95.211.52.0/24 (AS16265 LeaseWeb B.V., NL) Apr 26, 2014 BTCGuild 192.198.107.0/24 (AS55286 B2 Net Solutions Inc., US) BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eligius 192.241.205.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.150.205.0/24 (AS35662 Redstation Limited, GB) Slush 54.195.36.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 54.225.68.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 95.211.52.0/24 (AS16265 LeaseWeb B.V., NL) May 02, 2014 BTCGuild 192.198.107.0/24 (AS55286 B2 Net Solutions Inc., US) BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eligius 192.241.205.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.150.205.0/24 (AS35662 Redstation Limited, GB) Slush 54.195.36.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 54.225.68.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 95.211.52.0/24 (AS16265 LeaseWeb B.V., NL) May 04, 2014 BTCGuild 192.198.107.0/24 (AS55286 B2 Net Solutions Inc., US) BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Dogecoinr 198.251.81.0/24 (AS53667 FranTech Solutions, US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eligius 192.241.205.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.150.205.0/24 (AS35662 Redstation Limited, GB) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Slush 54.195.36.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 54.225.68.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 95.211.52.0/24 (AS16265 LeaseWeb B.V., NL) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) May 06, 2014 Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Dogecoinr 198.251.81.0/24 (AS53667 FranTech Solutions, US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) May 07, 2014 BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) F2Pool 112.124.13.0/24 (AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co. Ltd., CN) F2Pool 114.215.103.0/24 (AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co. Ltd., CN) F2Pool 115.28.152.0/24 (AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co. Ltd., CN) F2Pool 115.28.153.0/24 (AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co. Ltd., CN) F2Pool 115.28.63.0/24 (AS37963 Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co. Ltd., CN) May 09, 2014 BTCGuild 192.198.107.0/24 (AS55286 B2 Net Solutions Inc., US) BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) BitMinter 192.31.187.0/24 (AS32421 Black Lotus Communications, US) Clevermining 107.170.227.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Clevermining 107.170.47.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) CloudMines 192.99.18.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Coinshift 54.213.177.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Coinshift 54.84.236.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Dogecoinr 198.251.81.0/24 (AS53667 FranTech Solutions, US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.208.18.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.208.33.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) HashCows 37.187.9.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 142.4.195.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Hashfaster 192.99.20.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 142.4.211.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) LiteGuardian 188.165.198.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Middlecoin 54.194.173.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.197.251.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Middlecoin 54.214.242.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Multipool 108.61.49.0/24 (AS20473 Choopa LLC, US) Multipool 146.185.179.0/24 (AS46652 ServerStack Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.142.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 162.243.226.0/24 (AS62567 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Multipool 50.117.92.0/24 (AS18779 EGIHosting, US) NoBrainerCrypto 107.170.244.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) Nut2Pools 198.27.75.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) Slush 54.195.36.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 54.225.68.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 95.211.52.0/24 (AS16265 LeaseWeb B.V., NL) WafflePool 192.241.211.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) WafflePool 192.99.35.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) WafflePool 95.85.61.0/24 (AS200130 Digital Ocean Inc., EU) May 10, 2014 BTCGuild 192.198.107.0/24 (AS55286 B2 Net Solutions Inc., US) BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) BitMinter 192.31.187.0/24 (AS32421 Black Lotus Communications, US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eligius 192.241.205.0/24 (AS14061 Digital Ocean Inc., US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.208.18.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.208.33.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) Slush 54.195.36.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 54.225.68.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 95.211.52.0/24 (AS16265 LeaseWeb B.V., NL) May 13, 2014 50BTC 144.76.102.0/24 (AS24940 Hetzner Online AG, DE) 50BTC 5.9.38.0/24 (AS24940 Hetzner Online AG, DE) BTCGuild 192.198.107.0/24 (AS55286 B2 Net Solutions Inc., US) BTCGuild 198.245.63.0/24 (AS16276 OVH SAS, FR) BTCGuild 54.246.170.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) BitMinter 192.31.187.0/24 (AS32421 Black Lotus Communications, US) Eclipse 69.197.61.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) Eclipse 72.20.58.0/24 (AS25761 Staminus Communications, US) GHash.IO 46.229.169.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.208.18.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) GHash.IO 88.208.33.0/24 (AS39572 AdvancedHosters Ltd., UA) PolMine 31.186.87.0/24 (AS57367 DevonStudio Sp. z o.o., PL) Slush 54.195.36.0/24 (AS16509 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 54.225.68.0/24 (AS14618 Amazon.com Inc., US) Slush 95.211.52.0/24 (AS16265 LeaseWeb B.V., NL)

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BGP Hijacking for Cryptocurrency Profit | Dell SecureWorks

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Americas #1 Cryptocurrency: The Secret Currency …

Posted: at 8:08 pm

A sudden avalanche of folks have been asking about this pitch again, so I thought Id re-share and update my thoughts on something I wrote in the Friday File for the Irregulars back in October of 2013 so yes, this is getting a little old. Much of this is from that original note, or from my update back in January of 2014, though Ive gone through and updated my thoughts (and some of the numbers) a little bit.

From my quick glance, the core of the spiel from the Stansberry folks hasnt changed much for this Secret Currency since then, other than to call it the #1 Cryptocurrency now that that term has entered the popular lexicon (and indeed, the ad is not dramatically different than it was when I first covered similar ads of theirs five or six years ago).

The one thing thats particularly different in the last year or two is that they use the curiosity about Bitcoin to catch your attention

The ad back in 2013 started out as a warning about Bitcoin:

Urgent Message for U.S. Investors:

Do NOT buy Bitcoin until you watch this public message

This is the true story of alternative currencies in America the one you wont hear anywhere else. The story only wealthy families know. Please take five minutes to watch this message and avoid making a very costly Bitcoin mistake.

And then went on to compare Bitcoin to a host of past internet failures or value-destroyers like Webvan and Pets.com and Groupon, and then makes the argument that the secret currency does the same things Bitcoin does (provide some privacy, get away from the US dollar, etc.).

Which is sort of true I have some experience with both this secret currency and with Bitcoin, I tinkered with Bitcoin myself for a to see how it worked and whether it might be a viable alternative to using credit cards, and Im not all that impressed with how useful it might become at the moment though I still have maybe half a bit coin sitting in a wallet somewhere.

This is how they introduce the ad now:

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Americas #1 Cryptocurrency: The Secret Currency ...

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Harry Potter And The Cryptocurrency of Stars | Kalzumeus …

Posted: at 8:08 pm

If youre wondering why my blog suddenly has Harry Potter fanfic click this to show the spoiler otherwise it might be more fun to dive right in.

So I thought it was worth understanding how Stellar works, at the protocol level. It turned out to be easier to explain with a story than a code sample.

With apologies to J.K. Rowling, here we go:

Goblin Banker: So, young Master Potter,I understand that these last few days have been a bit trying for you, but on the upside, youre filthy stinking rich.

Harry Potter: Im still having trouble wrapping my head around piles and piles of gold coins in a vault guarded by a dragon. What did you call them again?

Goblin Banker: Galleons.

Harry Potter: And werent there Sickles and Knuts, too?

Goblin Banker: Meaningless complications for the moment, sir. Lets just focus on your galleons.

Harry Potter: What is a galleon worth, anyway?

Goblin Banker: What is anything worth, young Master Potter? An apple or a dragons egg or the limb of an ancient yew severed in a lightning strike? All things are worth what someone will happily trade you for them.

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Harry Potter And The Cryptocurrency of Stars | Kalzumeus ...

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Online Library of Liberty

Posted: at 8:07 pm

Today the OLL has 1,697 titles, 467 authors, and 1,186 essays in 24 categories

News and Announcements [Archive]:

The Philosophic Radical George Grote (1794-1871) wrote this defence of democratic reform of the British electoral system in 1821. He noted the special problem posed by the concentration of political benefits being concentrated in a few hands and the costs being dispersed over very many

In the course of putting together a multi-volume collection of over 240 Leveller Tracts I came across some very interesting title pages which used typography and occasionally woodcuts to add graphical force to the political and economic arguments being made by the authors. The pamphlets were

This was the second work by George Grote on parliamentary reform. It was published on the eve of the passage of the First Reform Act of 1832 which largely achieved the goals of the Philosophic Radicals around James Mill.

In this months Liberty Matters online discussion we reassess the economic ideas of John Stuart Mill as found in his classic work Principles of Political Economy (1st ed. 1848, 7th ed. 1871) and other writings. In the Lead Essay by Steven Kates of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology it is

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Online Library of Liberty

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Positive and Negative Liberty (Stanford Encyclopedia of …

Posted: at 8:07 pm

Imagine you are driving a car through town, and you come to a fork in the road. You turn left, but no one was forcing you to go one way or the other. Next you come to a crossroads. You turn right, but no one was preventing you from going left or straight on. There is no traffic to speak of and there are no diversions or police roadblocks. So you seem, as a driver, to be completely free. But this picture of your situation might change quite dramatically if we consider that the reason you went left and then right is that you're addicted to cigarettes and you're desperate to get to the tobacconists before it closes. Rather than driving, you feel you are being driven, as your urge to smoke leads you uncontrollably to turn the wheel first to the left and then to the right. Moreover, you're perfectly aware that your turning right at the crossroads means you'll probably miss a train that was to take you to an appointment you care about very much. You long to be free of this irrational desire that is not only threatening your longevity but is also stopping you right now from doing what you think you ought to be doing.

This story gives us two contrasting ways of thinking of liberty. On the one hand, one can think of liberty as the absence of obstacles external to the agent. You are free if no one is stopping you from doing whatever you might want to do. In the above story you appear, in this sense, to be free. On the other hand, one can think of liberty as the presence of control on the part of the agent. To be free, you must be self-determined, which is to say that you must be able to control your own destiny in your own interests. In the above story you appear, in this sense, to be unfree: you are not in control of your own destiny, as you are failing to control a passion that you yourself would rather be rid of and which is preventing you from realizing what you recognize to be your true interests. One might say that while on the first view liberty is simply about how many doors are open to the agent, on the second view it is more about going through the right doors for the right reasons.

In a famous essay first published in 1958, Isaiah Berlin called these two concepts of liberty negative and positive respectively (Berlin 1969).[1] The reason for using these labels is that in the first case liberty seems to be a mere absence of something (i.e. of obstacles, barriers, constraints or interference from others), whereas in the second case it seems to require the presence of something (i.e. of control, self-mastery, self-determination or self-realization). In Berlin's words, we use the negative concept of liberty in attempting to answer the question What is the area within which the subject a person or group of persons is or should be left to do or be what he is able to do or be, without interference by other persons?, whereas we use the positive concept in attempting to answer the question What, or who, is the source of control or interference that can determine someone to do, or be, this rather than that? (1969, pp. 12122).

It is useful to think of the difference between the two concepts in terms of the difference between factors that are external and factors that are internal to the agent. While theorists of negative freedom are primarily interested in the degree to which individuals or groups suffer interference from external bodies, theorists of positive freedom are more attentive to the internal factors affecting the degree to which individuals or groups act autonomously. Given this difference, one might be tempted to think that a political philosopher should concentrate exclusively on negative freedom, a concern with positive freedom being more relevant to psychology or individual morality than to political and social institutions. This, however, would be premature, for among the most hotly debated issues in political philosophy are the following: Is the positive concept of freedom a political concept? Can individuals or groups achieve positive freedom through political action? Is it possible for the state to promote the positive freedom of citizens on their behalf? And if so, is it desirable for the state to do so? The classic texts in the history of western political thought are divided over how these questions should be answered: theorists in the classical liberal tradition, like Constant, Humboldt, Spencer and Mill, are typically classed as answering no and therefore as defending a negative concept of political freedom; theorists that are critical of this tradition, like Rousseau, Hegel, Marx and T.H. Green, are typically classed as answering yes and as defending a positive concept of political freedom.

In its political form, positive freedom has often been thought of as necessarily achieved through a collectivity. Perhaps the clearest case is that of Rousseau's theory of freedom, according to which individual freedom is achieved through participation in the process whereby one's community exercises collective control over its own affairs in accordance with the general will. Put in the simplest terms, one might say that a democratic society is a free society because it is a self-determined society, and that a member of that society is free to the extent that he or she participates in its democratic process. But there are also individualist applications of the concept of positive freedom. For example, it is sometimes said that a government should aim actively to create the conditions necessary for individuals to be self-sufficient or to achieve self-realization. The negative concept of freedom, on the other hand, is most commonly assumed in liberal defences of the constitutional liberties typical of liberal-democratic societies, such as freedom of movement, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech, and in arguments against paternalist or moralist state intervention. It is also often invoked in defences of the right to private property, although some have contested the claim that private property necessarily enhances negative liberty (Cohen, 1991, 1995).

After Berlin, the most widely cited and best developed analyses of the negative concept of liberty include Hayek (1960), Day (1971), Oppenheim (1981), Miller (1983) and Steiner (1994). Among the most prominent contemporary analyses of the positive concept of liberty are Milne (1968), Gibbs (1976), C. Taylor (1979) and Christman (1991, 2005).

Many liberals, including Berlin, have suggested that the positive concept of liberty carries with it a danger of authoritarianism. Consider the fate of a permanent and oppressed minority. Because the members of this minority participate in a democratic process characterized by majority rule, they might be said to be free on the grounds that they are members of a society exercising self-control over its own affairs. But they are oppressed, and so are surely unfree. Moreover, it is not necessary to see a society as democratic in order to see it as self-controlled; one might instead adopt an organic conception of society, according to which the collectivity is to be thought of as a living organism, and one might believe that this organism will only act rationally, will only be in control of itself, when its various parts are brought into line with some rational plan devised by its wise governors (who, to extend the metaphor, might be thought of as the organism's brain). In this case, even the majority might be oppressed in the name of liberty.

Such justifications of oppression in the name of liberty are no mere products of the liberal imagination, for there are notorious historical examples of their endorsement by authoritarian political leaders. Berlin, himself a liberal and writing during the cold war, was clearly moved by the way in which the apparently noble ideal of freedom as self-mastery or self-realization had been twisted and distorted by the totalitarian dictators of the twentieth century most notably those of the Soviet Union so as to claim that they, rather than the liberal West, were the true champions of freedom. The slippery slope towards this paradoxical conclusion begins, according to Berlin, with the idea of a divided self. To illustrate: the smoker in our story provides a clear example of a divided self, for she is both a self that desires to get to an appointment and a self that desires to get to the tobacconists, and these two desires are in conflict. We can now enrich this story in a plausible way by adding that one of these selves the keeper of appointments is superior to the other: the self that is a keeper of appointments is thus a higher self, and the self that is a smoker is a lower self. The higher self is the rational, reflecting self, the self that is capable of moral action and of taking responsibility for what she does. This is the true self, for rational reflection and moral responsibility are the features of humans that mark them off from other animals. The lower self, on the other hand, is the self of the passions, of unreflecting desires and irrational impulses. One is free, then, when one's higher, rational self is in control and one is not a slave to one's passions or to one's merely empirical self. The next step down the slippery slope consists in pointing out that some individuals are more rational than others, and can therefore know best what is in their and others' rational interests. This allows them to say that by forcing people less rational than themselves to do the rational thing and thus to realize their true selves, they are in fact liberating them from their merely empirical desires. Occasionally, Berlin says, the defender of positive freedom will take an additional step that consists in conceiving of the self as wider than the individual and as represented by an organic social whole a tribe, a race, a church, a state, the great society of the living and the dead and the yet unborn. The true interests of the individual are to be identified with the interests of this whole, and individuals can and should be coerced into fulfilling these interests, for they would not resist coercion if they were as rational and wise as their coercers. Once I take this view, Berlin says, I am in a position to ignore the actual wishes of men or societies, to bully, oppress, torture in the name, and on behalf, of their real selves, in the secure knowledge that whatever is the true goal of man ... must be identical with his freedom (Berlin 1969, pp. 13233).

Those in the negative camp try to cut off this line of reasoning at the first step, by denying that there is any necessary relation between one's freedom and one's desires. Since one is free to the extent that one is externally unprevented from doing things, they say, one can be free to do what one does not desire to do. If being free meant being unprevented from realizing one's desires, then one could, again paradoxically, reduce one's unfreedom by coming to desire fewer of the things one is unfree to do. One could become free simply by contenting oneself with one's situation. A perfectly contented slave is perfectly free to realize all of her desires. Nevertheless, we tend to think of slavery as the opposite of freedom. More generally, freedom is not to be confused with happiness, for in logical terms there is nothing to stop a free person from being unhappy or an unfree person from being happy. The happy person might feel free, but whether they are free is another matter (Day, 1970). Negative theorists of freedom therefore tend to say not that having freedom means being unprevented from doing as one desires, but that it means being unprevented from doing whatever one might desire to do.

Some theorists of positive freedom bite the bullet and say that the contented slave is indeed free that in order to be free the individual must learn, not so much to dominate certain merely empirical desires, but to rid herself of them. She must, in other words, remove as many of her desires as possible. As Berlin puts it, if I have a wounded leg there are two methods of freeing myself from pain. One is to heal the wound. But if the cure is too difficult or uncertain, there is another method. I can get rid of the wound by cutting off my leg (1969, pp. 13536). This is the strategy of liberation adopted by ascetics, stoics and Buddhist sages. It involves a retreat into an inner citadel a soul or a purely noumenal self in which the individual is immune to any outside forces. But this state, even if it can be achieved, is not one that liberals would want to call one of freedom, for it again risks masking important forms of oppression. It is, after all, often in coming to terms with excessive external limitations in society that individuals retreat into themselves, pretending to themselves that they do not really desire the worldly goods or pleasures they have been denied. Moreover, the removal of desires may also be an effect of outside forces, such as brainwashing, which we should hardly want to call a realization of freedom.

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Positive and Negative Liberty (Stanford Encyclopedia of ...

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