Category Archives: Transhuman News

Genome defined

By: Gina Crisci

Excerpt from:
Genome defined - Video

Consumer genetics firm 23AndMe has issued the first ever genome-wide association study of motion sickness. After the rocky legal back-and-forth between 23AndMe and the FDA that prevents the genetics company from extensively analyzing customer genetics, this studys results are a solid win, and vindicate 23AndMes goals of using its vast bank of genetics data benevolently.

The study, published in Oxford Journals Human Molecular Genetics, is the first to reveal the genetic variants of motion sickness and involved 80,000 consenting customers who had submitted material to 23AndMe to be genetically analyzed.

The study found 35 genetic factors associated with motion sickness that statistically stand out at genome-wide scalein other words, significant when compared among the whole human genome instead of just looking at particular genes. Many of these factors are in or near genes involved in balance and eye, ear, and cranial developmentmeaning motion sickness likely triggers effects in these areas. They even found that several of these factors had the potential to hit women harder, potentially tripling motion sickness' effect on those systems.

Given that roughly one in three people are affected by motion sickness, the study is obviously valuableand given the highly hereditary nature of motion sickness effects, mapping genetic effects of motion sickness is a perfect fit for 23AndMe. Results from a 2006 study have estimated that up to 70% of variation in risk for motion sickness is due to genetics.

The study also confirmed what wed already knownthat people suffering motion sickness are more prone to migraines, vertigo, and morning sickness. Overall, the results pointed toward the importance of the nervous system in motion sickness and a possible role for glucose levels in motion-induced nausea and vomiting.

While the FDA is preventing 23AndMe from giving U.S. customers analyses of their genetic data, 23AndMe is still selling genetics-gathering kits (sending the customers back ancestry reports instead of a report analyzing their genetic predisposition to disease) and then selling that data to pharmaceutical giants and academic labs. That sounds like just the data profiteering that Facebook has come under fire for, but the results of the motion sickness study back up 23AndMes claims that it can participate in illuminating research and make money doing it. To date, 23AndMe and its partners have published or contributed to 22 peer-reviewed papers about breast cancer, asthma, hyperthyroidism, and other genetically affected conditions.

23AndMe customers willingness to share data has sped up research speed by magnitudesa true crowdsourcing of genetic data.

"Researchers came to 23andMe to learn whether or not a certain gene was more prevalent in cancer patients," VP of Communications at 23AndMe Angela Calman-Wonson tells Fast Company. "23andMe sent surveys to individuals in our database with that particular gene, asking several cancer-related questions. We received more than 10,000 responses in 12 hours, and were able to determine that the gene was not prevalent among cancer patients. This type of research typically takes months and thousands of dollars, and in this case it took about 48 hours."

[via EurekaAlert ]

More:
Feeling Woozy? 23AndMe Releases First-Ever Genome-Wide Study Of Motion Sickness

Personalized medicine has taken a great leap forward with the advent of affordable whole genome sequencing and new ways to characterize other molecules in the body. Rather than looking for a handful of known bits of genetic code associated with disease, the genome reveals all three billion characters in the code.

A new generation of medical tests could soon provide a molecular snapshot of the body, the health of most every major organ and the presence of disease even in its earliest stages, according to Pieter Cullis, a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of B.C.

Cullis is among the featured speakers at a public forum on the power and potential of personalized health care at the Vancouver Public Library Wednesday) from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. (Visit lsi.ubc.ca/talks for details and to RSVP.)

What can the genome tell us now?

Your genome is the blueprint for your entire body and it can reveal the risk of getting disorders such as heart disease by identifying disease-related gene variants in the patients genetic sequence. In the case of purely genetic disorders, such as Huntingtons Disease, it reveals the presence of disease before symptoms arise with absolute certainty. By comparing the genomes of healthy people and those of people with illnesses, scientists are detecting many previously unknown genetic variants related to disease, expanding the predictive power of genomics.

How are doctors using this technology?

By identifying who is at greater risk of disease, doctors can intervene sooner and patients can take steps in their personal conduct to manage or even prevent the onset of disease. By analyzing the genetic code of cancer cells doctors can target therapies precisely to the mutations present in a tumour and determine in advance if a patient is likely to have a life-threatening reaction to a drug before it is administered. Without the benefit of genomic analysis, nearly 75 per cent of the drugs administered to treat cancers fail to treat the patients specific illness.

Whats around the corner?

Analysis of the proteome the entire set of proteins that can be created by our genetic instruction set will potentially reveal the health of all of our organs in a single blood test. Our blood contains over 10,000 proteins many of which leach from our organs into the blood and can be used to assess the health of the organ and detect disease. Cancers shed proteins into the blood as well, which suggests such tools will have powerful early diagnostic value.

How is the practice of medicine going to change?

Read the rest here:
Technology leads to bold new directions in personalized medicine