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Newswise SOUTH HADLEY, MASS. Humans colonizing the Moon and landing spaceships on Mars: Mount Holyoke College professor M. Darby Dyar is one of the scientists who will help NASA move these ideas from the realm of science fiction to science fact.

Dyar, MHCs Kennedy-Schelkunoff Professor of Astronomy, was recently named to three of nine scientific teams that will help NASA shape the future of human space exploration.

Each month for the next five years, scientists will meet in person or through videoconferences in virtual research institutes to share expertise and focus their research on important issues in planetary science. The specifics of their work are very specific, but the goals are literally galactic in scope.

I think that, in my lifetime, we will go to other planets and establish bases there, Dyar says. Colonization of the Moon is the most likely.

NASA is funding scientists in its Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institutes (SSERVI) in a suitably astronomical way: $12 million annually for five years. Dyars work will bring nearly $1 million of that total to Mount Holyoke, and involve students in three distinct research projects.

Dyar will co-lead a team working to get maximum scientific benefit from samples collected from other worlds and returned to Earth via space flights. Future missions might bring back only minute amounts of rock samples, says Dyar, so her expertise in analyzing extremely small samples is needed to determine how to distribute and use the limited amount of material available. This project is based at Stony Brook University and also involves MHC lab instructor Tom Burbine, an internationally recognized asteroid expert.

A second SSERVI project focuses on how to determine, from an orbiting spacecraft, what minerals are on a planets surface. For this, co-primary investigator Dyar will work with Brown University graduate students and faculty. Because the data processing apparatus theyll use at MHC is extremely complicated, our undergraduates will train the graduate students in using the equipment.

Our students do this kind of thing all the time, she says.

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Mount Holyoke's Darby Dyar Heads for Outer Space--Virtually

EDMONTON -- In her Grade 8 yearbook, Christy Foley wrote that she wanted to be among the first humans to colonize the moon.

She never got the chance. Instead, she might go to Mars.

Im totally willing to miss the moon to go to Mars, the 32-year-old Edmontonian said Saturday. My friends are already calling me a Martian. I almost get giddy thinking about it.

Foley recently learned she is one of 1,028 people worldwide under consideration for the Mars One project, a non-profit, Dutch-based endeavour to establish a human colony on the red planet by 2024. Foley was hopeful when she first applied, but kept her expectations low.

At the end of December, she received an email telling her shed survived a massive cut of more than 200,000 hopeful, potential astronauts. My eyes flew open and I shrieked.

The excited Foley, one of 75 Canadians still in the running, hasnt slept much in the past week, but still has a long way to go. After the success of her application package, she must now undergo medical tests, psychological interviews and eventually physical challenges if she is to make the final cut. Just 24 people will be chosen. For Foley, a strategic planner for Environment and Sustainable Resources Development, the project is an opportunity to learn how to survive and thrive in a foreign environment.

It is also a chance for her childhood dreams to come true. Foley grew up watching the female crew members in Star Trek: The Next Generation television episodes and fondly remembers meeting Roberta Bondar, Canadas first female astronaut. Stories of her time in the Girl Guides of Canada and Pathfinders ended up in her application essay.

Her husband, a lawyer, also applied, but didnt make the cut. His rejection letter contained a story about a NASA astronaut who was rejected 15 times before he was accepted to the space agency.

The journey involves a one-way trip. Thats something Foley is prepared to accept.

Everyone dies on Earth, she said. Its boring. I would get to die on Mars. Wed probably live a lot longer on Mars than Earth, though. Its a much healthier environment and there are no cars to run over you.

Originally posted here:
Edmonton woman ‘giddy’ about possible one-way trip to Mars

EDMONTON -- In her Grade 8 yearbook, Christy Foley wrote that she wanted to be among the first humans to colonize the moon.

She never got the chance. Instead, she might go to Mars.

Im totally willing to miss the moon to go to Mars, the 32-year-old Edmontonian said Saturday. My friends are already calling me a Martian. I almost get giddy thinking about it.

Foley recently learned she is one of 1,028 people worldwide under consideration for the Mars One project, a non-profit, Dutch-based endeavour to establish a human colony on the red planet by 2024. Foley was hopeful when she first applied, but kept her expectations low.

At the end of December, she received an email telling her shed survived a massive cut of more than 200,000 hopeful, potential astronauts. My eyes flew open and I shrieked.

The excited Foley, one of 75 Canadians still in the running, hasnt slept much in the past week, but still has a long way to go. After the success of her application package, she must now undergo medical tests, psychological interviews and eventually physical challenges if she is to make the final cut. Just 24 people will be chosen. For Foley, a strategic planner for Environment and Sustainable Resources Development, the project is an opportunity to learn how to survive and thrive in a foreign environment.

It is also a chance for her childhood dreams to come true. Foley grew up watching the female crew members in Star Trek: The Next Generation television episodes and fondly remembers meeting Roberta Bondar, Canadas first female astronaut. Stories of her time in the Girl Guides of Canada and Pathfinders ended up in her application essay.

Her husband, a lawyer, also applied, but didnt make the cut. His rejection letter contained a story about a NASA astronaut who was rejected 15 times before he was accepted to the space agency.

The journey involves a one-way trip. Thats something Foley is prepared to accept.

Everyone dies on Earth, she said. Its boring. I would get to die on Mars. Wed probably live a lot longer on Mars than Earth, though. Its a much healthier environment and there are no cars to run over you.

Here is the original post:
Canadian woman ‘giddy’ about possible one-way trip to Mars

Even many of its admirers have brought up the G word when discussing David O. Russells American Hustle. That word, of course, is Goodfellas, the 1990 Martin Scorsese classic to which Russells film with its multiple narrators, its probing long takes, and its lively use of pop music clearly owes a stylistic debt. To some, Hustle pays homage to the Scorsese film; to others, its a rip-off of sorts. At any rate, the comparison is an interesting one, since Scorsese himself has his own very Goodfellas-y film, The Wolf of Wall Street, out in theaters now, too. And while Scorsese cannot really be said to rip himself off, his new film has also drawn comparisons to his 23-year-old masterpiece. (Such a fate also befell 1995s Casino, which some of us now think might actually be an even better film than Goodfellas.)

But all this brings up some good questions: Whats the secret to a good homage? When does homage veer into rip-off territory? Why do some films get away with this sort of thing while other films dont? And how does American Hustle fit into this dynamic?

Some homages are very simple: They briefly nod at a familiar element to pay their respects to a previous film or filmmaker, and move along on their merry, and very different, way. Think of Uma Thurmans Anna Karina wig in Quentin Tarantinos Pulp Fiction, or Wong Kar-wais borrowings from the score for Once Upon a Time in America in his martial arts epic The Grandmaster. This is probably the simplest, and most effective, form of homage.

But some films go beyond that with their referentiality, seeming to borrow their whole stylistic ethos from another film. Here, a film that feels too much like another in the same genre, or that takes place in a similar setting, can have a harder time of it. For example, when I first saw Moon, I was uncomfortable about the weird similarities between Duncan Joness film and Stanley Kubricks 2001: A Space Odyssey. Ive since come to like Moon, but at the time, it seemed like Jones was using the work of a more original filmmaker as a crutch on which to stand. And Paul Thomas Andersons There Will Be Blood may borrow even more heavily from 2001; but because its not about space travel or moon colonization, its referentiality is less distracting.

Actually, P.T. Anderson and Kubrick share a couple of similarities in this regard. When Anderson first unleashed Boogie Nights, many criticized that film for being just an assemblage of references to Goodfellas, certainly, but also to the work of Robert Altman, Jonathan Demme, and others. And back in the day, Jean-Luc Godard (let that sink in for a moment) dinged Kubrick for being basically just a diligent reference artist enamored of Max Ophuls and John Huston. This is the film of a good pupil, no more, he wrote of Kubricks classic noir thriller The Killing. Neither Anderson nor Kubrick would have denied the influences, but today, you dont hear many such complaints about either Boogie Nights or The Killing (or Kubricks Paths of Glory, which is even more Ophulsian). Thats because both Anderson and Kubrick proved themselves to be filmmakers of singular vision. You watch The Killing and Paths of Glory today, and you dont so much see Ophuls as you see Kubrick you see his stylistic and thematic hallmarks.

People like to quote T.S. Eliot and say, Good poets borrow, great poets steal. Actually, the exact quote is a bit different, and more nuanced. Eliot said: Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal; bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different. In other words, when Eliot uses the word steal, hes not just talking about taking, but also about making something your own, building on what youve taken, and creating something new out of it.

There are numerous terrific examples of this. Many of the great American films of the seventies owed a huge debt, for example, to John Fords The Searchers. But whether it was Paul Schraders Hard Core or Martin Scorseses Taxi Driver (written, not coincidentally, by Schrader), these films all used the template of The Searchers to explore their own eras. Brian De Palma was, for many years, slagged by many critics for being a Hitchcock rip-off artist until, gradually, it became clear in films like Dressed to Kill and Body Double that he was taking the Hitchockian stylistic and thematic template to illogical, psychotic extremes. More recently, I cant help but think of Steven Spielbergs War Horse, which takes from both The Searchers and another iconic Ford film, The Quiet Man, to create a vision of an Old World that is about to be destroyed by the mechanized horror of World War I.

And heres where American Hustle comes in. Yes, in some ways, the film is very reminiscent of Goodfellas. In his review, our own David Edelstein describes the stylistic echoes well: [Russell] out-Scorseses Scorsese: whip pans, whooshes, slo-mo, tacky (but great) seventies chart toppers, actors wound up and let loose.

But thematically, Hustle does something very different. True to Eliots dictum, it creates something new out of familiar elements. Lets take the dual voice-over, for example. In Scorseses film, both Henry Hill (Ray Liotta) and his wife Karen (Lorraine Bracco) are tour guides of a sort, and they jointly narrate the film. When Karen first butts in on Henrys voice-over, the film is charged by the hilarity and boldness of her intrusion. It sets us up for some of the things she does later in the film. But it also creates a kind of solidarity between the two: Henry and Karen see different parts of the mob experience, and the fact that theyre both narrating allows Scorsese to give us a more fully formed vision of this world. (We can witness scenes where Henry isnt present but Karen is, for example.)

Scorseses characters are creatures of their environment; Russells characters rarely fit into their environment. The ping-ponging narration in the early scenes of Hustle between Irving Rosenfeld (Christian Bale) and Sydney Prosser (Amy Adams) reveals their vulnerabilities as well as the effect theyre having on each other: He had this air about him, and he had this confidence that drew me to him, Sydney tells us, even though weve seen that Irv is anything but comfortable in his own skin. He was who he was. He didnt care. Remember, shes saying this about a man who spends obscene amounts of time perfecting his comb-over. Irv observes something similar about Sydney, even though she tells us that her dream, more than anything, was to become anything else other than who I was. Which she does, when she becomes the faux-British aristocrat Lady Edith Greensley. Both Irv and Syd are anxious figures, constantly trying to be someone else; and yet, to each other, at least at first, they seem like masters of their domain.

Originally posted here:
American Hustle and the Art of the Homage

Moon colonization is one of those ideas that comes along now and again, usually when an American president is trying to demonstrate that they have the vision thing. When President Bush suggested it in 2004 it was at a speech to staff at NASA and was framed as part of a wider strategy of space exploration[i] with the moon functioning as a launch pad for explorations further into space. To be precise he said Living and working there for increasingly extended periods of time[ii]

It seems fairly unlikely that Sci-Fi ideas of fully-fledged cities are likely any time soon but talk of a permanent scientific base - similar to the international space station or the Rothera Research Station in Antarctica.

Proponents of moon colonization have various theories about the potential benefits, ranging from solid front runner of scientific research, through the more speculative launch pad and mining, and ending up in the frankly fanciful hotel and Amusement park or casino complex. At least those proponents who feel the need for a reason for colonization tend to use these arguments to demonstrate the validity of the case. For others its the more instinctive Because its there or Because its next and certainly, a review of literature shows that it is an idea which has always spoken powerfully to the human instinct to explore.

Opponents tend to speak with a rather more unified, if prosaic, voice and point out that it would be hugely expensive and there is no particular need to do it.

There is then a slightly separate argument that takes place within and around the environmental movement that says colonizing the moon would be good preparation for living on other planets once weve trashed this one, to which the reply of environmentalists tends to be along the lines of Oh, so you can trash that one as well?

Whatever the motivation to go or not nobody disputes that doing so would be extremely expensive and scientifically challenging. There are huge issues to be overcome just in terms of keeping the astronauts alive. There is also some dispute as to whether we could learn anything from a manned base that could not be done remotely.

There are other challenges in terms of the logistics of the operation and these mean that much of the discussion has taken place around whether the idea is worthwhile in principle rather than in practice. When Bush made the speech it was distinctly redolent of Kennedys By the end of the decade remark about putting a man on the moon in the first place. As much a statement of American supremacy and financial and organizational muscle as anything to do with the science it would promote or reveal. Whatever the reason the financial woes that came later apparently put an end to the idea and little has been heard about it since. Indeed Obama cancelled the first stage of the program in 2010 as being too expensive, behind schedule and lacking innovation.[iii]

[i] http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/bush_vision.html 14 January 2004

[ii] President Bush Offers New Vision for NASA, NASA, 14 January 2004

[iii] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8489097.stm

Here is the original post:
This House would colonize the moon | idebate.org

Welcome to our Lunar Colony Island Cheats walkthrough. Below youll find a set of screenshots, sneak peeks, walkthroughs and more all about how to beat Poptropica Lunar Colony Island.

Lunar Colony island was announced on July 13, 2012 by Shark Boy and is set to release in its Early Access period on August 16, 2012 at 3:00 PM Eastern Time. Lunar Colony will be released to non-members on September 6, 2012.

An abandoned space station. A missing astronaut. A signal from beyond the stars. Blast off for a Poptropica adventure like no other! Get ready to explore the secrets of the lunar surface, and uncover a mystery as old as the cosmos

Youve returned to earth just in time to receive a new transmission. Can you crack the code and translate the alien message?

Members get an additional Lunar Colony gear pack, which includes Zaggy Moondust costume, Alien Archaeology power, and Moon Rock item.The Zaggy Moondust costume is ONLY available during Early Access!

Youve landed in Poptropica and I bet youre thinking Hey, waittaminute, this isnt a Lunar Colony!, right? Well get there in a second. Most of Lunar Colony Island is spent on the moon, but we have to get there first.

Run to your right and enter the mission control in the PASE building and go inside. Once youre in there, speak to both of the controllers and their director will come in and ask why no one has been taking care of the astronaut who looks a bit sick. He will yell at you and you need to click on him and select the last option I and he will send you on a mission to help out the astronaut.

Exit Mission Control and run to your left, back to where the older man was on the stage. Youll notice that he left behind a bottle. Pick up the bottle of Ginger Ale and then head to your right, past Mission Control, to the Launch Area. Stand in the middle of the elevator scaffolding and press the elevator button to have it come down. Jump up onto the elevator and then press the button again to zoom to the top. Be careful not to move or jump, as it may force you off of the elevator platform.

Once you have made it to the top, run to your right and enter the rocket to help out the astronaut. Once youre inside the rocket, open up your inventory, use the Ginger Ale and youll make him feel better. Hell hand you his helmet and ask you to hold it and then close the door behind him. HEY, we didnt sign up for this!! Nevertheless, we are off to space! Click the headset on the right of the rocket to put it on.

Read the original here:
Poptropica Cheats for Lunar Colony Island

This article is about the Moon as the subject of and inspiration for creative works. For the Moon in mythology and religion, see Moon (mythology).

The Moon has been the subject of many works of art and literature and the inspiration for countless others. It is a motif in the visual arts, the performing arts, poetry, prose and music.

Lucian's Icaromenippus and True History, written in the 2nd century AD, deal with imaginary voyages to the moon such as on a fountain after going past the Pillars of Hercules. The theme did not become popular until the 17th century, however, when the invention of the telescope hastened the popular acceptance of the concept of "a world in the Moon", that is, that the Moon was an inhabitable planet, which might be reached via some sort of arial carriage. The concept of another world, close to our own and capable of looking down at it from a distance, provided ample scope for satirical comments on the manners of the Earthly world. Among the early stories dealing with this concept are:

The first flight to the Moon was a popular topic of science fiction before the actual landing in 1969.

Robert A. Heinlein wrote extensively, prolifically, and inter-connectedly about first voyages and colonization of the Moon, which he most often called Luna.[3] He also was involved with the films Destination Moon and Project Moonbase.

The Moon is sometimes imagined as having, now or in the distant past, indigenous life and civilization.

Human settlements on the Moon are found in many science fiction novels, short stories and films. Not all have the Moon colony itself as central to the plot.

Originally posted here:
Moon in fiction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Title Moonbase, Lunar Colony SimulatorGame Type Management SimCompany Wesson InternationalPlayers 1

MAJOR MS-DOS PROBLEM - The PC Version of the program (below) won't run under later versions of MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operation System, with the 'C:>' Command Prompt) i.e. Windows XP, Vista Basic, Windows 7... Probably works on Windows 95/98. Will it work on Windows 8 (in production)??? It is run using the MS-DOS Shell, not Windows. Other Software that won't run includes Star Trek: The Birth of the Federation. This comes with a good manual off Ebay. But Microprose's Master of Orion II is superior in every way! And WORKS!!! Take a look right down the whole page as there are some good great [science fiction] pictures, and it gives a good jist of how the game works.

[JUN06] "Coiled tubing units are so compact and have such great potential, the Mars Drilling Project is evaluating a coiled tubing unit to drill for water on Mars." It can rotate up to 90 degrees, and drill 400 feet/hour driven by Nitrogen. Reinaldo Latham, Coil Tubing Technology, Inc. (CTBG)

I thought I would include a review of this game, as it is a similar concept to colonization, and so might be of interest to some readers.

This is a very unusual game, quite apart from the run of the mill. It is one of my favourites. The game is not by a software company as such, but by a Construction Company, predicting a near future Moonbase, and showing how it can be technically, and more importantly economically feasible, the Programmers consulted NASA experts. The concept gels well, and seems plausible, but one decimal point in the wrong place for commodity prices, and it could all fall to bits. The game rightly predicted that there was a high change of finding water deposits on the Moon, in the form and crashed meteorites. Since the real life discovery plans for a Moonbase have been revealed, showing just how critical it is. In the game you don't allows find water, it is winnable without it - just! But a walk over with it, as it is needed for drinking, growing food (it is highly costly to ship in), and for making oxygen and rocket fuel (H2O -> Liquid Oxygen and Hydrogen).

Also mine Helium-3 for [as yet un-discovered] radiation free Fusion Reactors. The Russians plan a Moon mission in 2015 for this very purpose! Make high quality Semiconductors (better quality due to low gravity), Solar Panels, and Equipment for missions through out the Solar System. Low Gravity means material can be fired into orbit using a cheap Mag-Lev system, as opposed to the extoriantly high cost of lifting out of Earth Orbit. Also build Hotels for Ultra-Rich tourist, and get NASA grants, that dry up over the years or if war occurs on Earth. Stock Market Prices for all commodities.

You also get a big manual, which is a story, with technical and game information scattered through it, most novel (pardon the pun). The story involves, not surprisingly, the foundation of a lunar colony. With another Chinese colony on the other side of the moon (again very plausible in today's world). Among other thing they have to prevent a melt down of a fission reactor, see to a crashed lander, break a strike, and trade solar power with the Chinese, as one side of the moon is in darkness, when the other is light, with a lunar might lasting 14 earth days, this makes a lot of sense.

For once the blurb on the back cover, actually reflects the game, so I will include it:

You are Commander of Project Moonbase, NASA's long-range plan to Earth's Moon. From your multi-million dollar annual budgets, you must establish a base, then manage its growth into a full-fledged, independent colony. With savvy (and luck), you may create a self-sufficient city on the Moon, but not without adeptly handling the myriad leadership problems in the highly-charged political and harsh physical environment.

Explore and exploit the Moon's surface Explore the lunar surface for new mining sites. Process the raw materials you find into oxygen, water and helium-3, then use then internally or sell them to Mars missions. Build hotels for fat cats from Earth. Profits from ventures like these can free you from Earth's purse strings - you might even want to declare independence!

The rest is here:
Moonbase Lunar Colony Simulator - Colonization

Friday, December 20, 2013 - 8:26pm

Fort Bliss (U.S. Army) Many children know what they want to be when they grow up. Some wish to become doctors or veterinarians, while others want to be pirates or princesses. Yet, since the first person went into space, many children have dreams of donning a spacesuit and going to other planets.

One of those children is Craig Adam Veilleux, who found the opportunity of a lifetime when the Dutch non-profit organization, Mars One recently began accepting applications from anyone willing to give up life on Earth and become a colonist in a one-way trip to Mars.

I have wanted to go to Mars since I was a little kid, said Veilleux, now 25 and a 1st Lt. with 11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command. Yeah, its a crazy dream and doesnt earn as much money as other dreams, but it has kept me going. At first, I wanted to go to the moon, but Mars has an atmosphere.

Veilleux, a Peachtree City, Ga., native, said hes been looking into space exploration and colonization programs for about seven years, and first learned about Mars One on a humor website long before they were seeking applicants.

I was looking through the memes when I saw one called Hey, lets go to Mars, said Veilleux, a launcher platoon leader. I read more about Mars One and sent an email asking them to please send me.

That was when he learned the Mars One program was not yet accepting applications. It was kind of embarrassing, said Veilleux.

Undaunted, Veilleux continued to research everything about colonizing Mars. He read everything on the Mars One website, books about colonizing Mars and the Mars Direct plan which was first suggested in 1990 as a cost-effective, manned-mission to Mars using current technology.

Once the Mars One program officially opened their doors, Veilleux was ready and immediately submitted his application, which required a motivational letter on why he wanted to go to Mars and answering questions about how he handles teamwork or stress.

He would definitely bring a different view on everything because even though he is super smart, he is not just technical, he is fun to work with, too, said Pfc. Chelsea Benbrook, one of Veilleuxs Soldiers.

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Fort Bliss Officer competes to live on Mars

"Lunar outpost" redirects here. For NASA's former plan to construct an outpost between 2019 and 2024, see Lunar outpost (NASA).

The colonization of the Moon is the proposed establishment of permanent human communities or robot industries[1] on the Moon.

Recent indication that water might be present in noteworthy quantities at the lunar poles has renewed interest in the Moon. Polar colonies could also avoid the problem of long lunar nights about 354 hours,[2] a little more than two weeks and take advantage of the sun continuously, at least during the local summer (there is no data for the winter yet).[3]

Permanent human habitation on a planetary body other than the Earth is one of science fiction's most prevalent themes. As technology has advanced, and concerns about the future of humanity on Earth have increased, the argument that space colonization is an achievable and worthwhile goal has gained momentum.[4][5] Because of its proximity to Earth, the Moon has been seen as the most obvious natural expansion after Earth.

The notion of siting a colony on the Moon originated before the Space Age. In 1638 Bishop John Wilkins wrote ADiscourse Concerning a New World and Another Planet, in which he predicted a human colony on the Moon.[6]Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (18571935), among others, also suggested such a step.[7] From the 1950s onwards, a number of concepts and designs have been suggested by scientists, engineers and others.

In 1954, science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke proposed a lunar base of inflatable modules covered in lunar dust for insulation.[8] A spaceship, assembled in low Earth orbit, would launch to the Moon, and astronauts would set up the igloo-like modules and an inflatable radio mast. Subsequent steps would include the establishment of a larger, permanent dome; an algae-based air purifier; a nuclear reactor for the provision of power; and electromagnetic cannons to launch cargo and fuel to interplanetary vessels in space.

In 1959, John S. Rinehart suggested that the safest design would be a structure that could "[float] in a stationary ocean of dust", since there were, at the time this concept was outlined, theories that there could be mile-deep dust oceans on the Moon.[9] The proposed design consisted of a half-cylinder with half-domes at both ends, with a micrometeoroid shield placed above the base.

Project Horizon was a 1959 study regarding the United States Army's plan to establish a fort on the Moon by 1967.[10]Heinz-Hermann Koelle, a German rocket engineer of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) led the Project Horizon study. The first landing would be carried out by two "soldier-astronauts" in 1965 and more construction workers would soon follow. Through numerous launches (61SaturnI and 88 SaturnII), 245 tons of cargo would be transported to the outpost by 1966.

Lunex Project was a US Air Force plan for a manned lunar landing prior to the Apollo Program in 1961. It envisaged a 21-airman underground Air Force base on the Moon by 1968 at a total cost of $7.5 billion.

In 1962, John DeNike and Stanley Zahn published their idea of a sub-surface base located at the Sea of Tranquility.[8] This base would house a crew of21, in modules placed four meters below the surface, which was believed to provide radiation shielding on par with Earth's atmosphere. DeNike and Zahn favored nuclear reactors for energy production, because they were more efficient than solar panels, and would also overcome the problems with the long Lunar nights. For the life support system, an algae-based gas exchanger was proposed.

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Colonization of the Moon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia