Category Archives: Genome

Jan. 10, 2013 Scientists engineer the Schmallenberg virus genome to understand how to reduce disease caused by the virus.

Researchers from the MRC Centre for Virus Research at the University of Glasgow in Scotland have developed methods to synthesize and change the genome of Schmallenberg virus (SBV). SBV is a recently discovered pathogen of livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats. The researchers have laid bare important ways by which this virus causes disease. The full report about the study publishes on January 10 in the Open Access journal, PLOS Pathogens.

SBV is of great concern because it causes stillbirths, abortions and fetal defects in pregnant cows and ewes. It has spread rapidly throughout Europe since its discovery in Germany less than eighteen months ago (in October 2011).

The new study describes researchers' use of molecular biological methods to design and assemble the viral "genome" completely in a test tube in a form that can be easily introduced and replicated in cultured cells. From these cells the researchers recovered virus with identical infection properties to the "natural" SBV. This approach, known as 'reverse genetics', allowed them to control the viral genome and identify a gene (called NSs) involved in protecting the virus against the immune response of infected animals. The researchers made viruses missing the NSs gene and found they made mice in the laboratory less sick than viruses containing the NSs gene. The researchers also discovered that SBV rapidly grows in the brain and spinal cord of aborted lambs and calves. The virus prefers to infect cells called neurons, which explains why it infects and damages the brain. This also results in muscular defects such as abnormally flexed legs often seen in stillborn animals when virus is transmitted from an SBV infected mother to the calves or lambs in the uterus during pregnancy.

Scottish researchers, led by Massimo Palmarini and Alain Kohl, suggest that the ability to engineer and control the SBV genome will allow the future development of new vaccines for this virus that is of great concern to European farmers. This work was conducted in collaboration with scientists in Italy at the Istituto G. Caporale and Germany (University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover and the Friedrich Loeffler Institut).

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Schmallenberg virus genome engineered to understand how to reduce disease caused by the virus

2012 Breakthrough Runner-Up: Denisovan Genome
In 2012, a novel technique developed by researchers at the Max Planck Institute allowed them to obtain a high-resolution genome from a tiny 50000-year-old bone fragment. In this video, Science #39;s Meghna Sachdev explains the insight this technique has provided about early humans and why it was a Runner-Up for Breakthrough of the Year. Science (www.sciencemag.org) is the world #39;s leading journal of original scientific research, global news, and commentary. For more original videos, check out the Science Video Portal (video.sciencemag.org).

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2012 Breakthrough Runner-Up: Denisovan Genome - Video

Beta release of the CLC Microbial Genome Finishing Module
Bodil ster presents new features and improvements in the beta release of the CLC Microbial Genome Finishing Module.

By: CLCbioAarhus

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Beta release of the CLC Microbial Genome Finishing Module - Video

Revealing the genome of the Iberian lynx
The FGCSIC proyecto cero to sequence the genome of the Iberian lynx, led by Jos Antonio Godoy, from the Estacin Biolgica de Doana (CSIC), and funded by Banco Santander and the CSIC, is based on the idea that sequencing the genome of this mammal will yield valuable information that might be lost if the species were to become extinct. At the same time it will produce a series of useful resources and tools for research into the biology and evolution of the species, as well as for its conservation. In this video one of the researchers involved presents the project.

By: fgcsic

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Revealing the genome of the Iberian lynx - Video

human genome
bleeeeeeh

By: Yukti Vijay

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human genome - Video

Presentation - New York Genome Center: Collaboration for Life
Genomics will fundamentally change healthcare. It impacts the entire disease detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention spectrum. The use of sequencing data, coupled with the power of bioinformatics, will accelerate drug development, greatly enhance the efficiency of R D expenditures, and enable physicians to provide the right treatments, to the right targeted patient populations, at the right price, in the right time. The New York Genome Center has harnessed the power of 11 major academic medical and research centers, along with world-class bioscience and technology companies, to create an exciting new research and innovation paradigm that will transform science and healthcare.

By: FasterCures

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Presentation - New York Genome Center: Collaboration for Life - Video

SASKATOON, Jan. 10, 2013 /CNW/ - Dr. Arnold Naimark, Chair of Genome Prairie's Board of Directors today announced the following executive appointment:

Dr. Reno Pontarollo, the current Chief Scientific Officer of Genome Prairie, will succeed Dr. David Gauthier as President and Chief Executive Office on April 1, 2013. During the interim, as President and CEO designate, Dr. Pontarollo will work closely with Dr. Gauthier to lay the foundation of a long-term strategy that will focus on the implementation of new regional research initiatives and partnerships.

"As Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Pontarollo demonstrated strong leadership that has resulted in the successful development and management of a number of large-scale research initiatives across Manitoba and Saskatchewan," said Dr. Naimark. "His commitment to the Prairie research community is well recognized and I am confident in his ability to lead the organization toward continued success".

Dr. Pontarollo joined Genome Prairie in 2005. His credentials include a PhD in Veterinary Microbiology from the University of Saskatchewan and a Masters of Business Administration from Athabasca University. His primary areas of research have been in genomics, molecular biology, vaccine development, and immunology. Previously, Dr. Pontarollo held research appointments at the Department of National Defense Medical Countermeasures Section and the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac). Prior to his role as Chief Scientific Officer at Genome Prairie, Dr. Pontarollo was the Director of Research for Pyxis Genomics where he led a program on innate immunity. He also has a strong background and interest in agriculture that was acquired in the family cattle business in the Southern Alberta community of Cardston.

"With Dr. Pontarollo's appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Genome Prairie will be well positioned, as a leader and enabler of advanced applied bioscience projects and programs, to pursue strategic initiatives for the benefit of the prairie region and beyond and the further enhancement of Canada's standing in this critical area of science and technology," said Dr. Naimark.

"Dr. Gauthier provided foresight and stability to the organization as interim President and CEO in a time of rapid change and led a process of in-depth strategic analysis that will be an important frame of reference for future development. We are pleased that Genome Prairie will have the benefit of his exceptional expertise in his ongoing role as a member of the Board of Directors when his term as President and CEO is completed," said Dr. Naimark.

Genome Prairie, a non-profit-organization, aligns partners and resources to develop and manage research projects addressing key regional priorities such as agriculture, human health, the environment, and many more. Communications and outreach activities also help strengthen the Prairie research community while building awareness of the significant impacts generated through investments in genomics. These efforts are playing a central role in building the region's reputation as a location of choice for innovation and commercialization. For more information, visit http://www.genomeprairie.ca.

SOURCE: Genome Prairie

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Genome Prairie Announces Appointment of President and CEO

STI Genome Exhaust (drive off)
Stock exhaust with STI Genome rear silencer

By: Gro0ar

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STI Genome Exhaust (drive off) - Video

STI Genome Exhaust (drive past)
Stock exhaust with STI Genome rear silencer

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STI Genome Exhaust (drive past) - Video

Public release date: 9-Jan-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Laura Crozier crozier@dbi.udel.edu 302-831-3424 University of Delaware

Two prominent microbiologists have launched a new peer-reviewed publication focusing on microbiome research in environmental, agricultural, and biomedical areas. Eric Wommack, from the University of Delaware's College of Earth, Ocean and Environment and Jacques Ravel, from the University of Maryland School of Medicine's Institute for Genome Sciences are the Editors-in-Chief of Microbiome, a BioMed Central (BMC) publication, which launched its first issue this week.

The new publication reflects the growing importance of the need for studying communities of microorganisms microbiomes and their functions in their natural environment whether that environment is the human body, the ocean, or any other habitat.

"Microbiology was once thought of as two exclusive subdisciplines clinical microbiology and environmental microbiology but the substantial technological advances, particularly over the past decade in DNA sequencing and analysis, have given scientists new common and interdisciplinary research interests," explains Ravel, who is studying the effect of the human microbiome on women's health, and is part of the NIH-funded Human Microbiome Project (HMP).

"Microbiome will facilitate the cross-fertilization of ideas, research methods and analyses, and theory between clinical and environmental microbiologists exploring the emergent impacts of microbial communities on the ecosystems they inhabit," says Wommack, a University of Delaware professor who researches the inner workings of microbial communities.

The central purpose of Microbiome is to unite investigators conducting research on microbial communities in environmental, agricultural, and biomedical arenas. Topics broadly addressing the study of microbial communities, such as, meta-genomics surveys, bioinformatics, other '-omics' approaches and surveys, and community/host interaction mathematical modeling will be covered.

The new issue of Microbiome features several innovative research papers from scientists at various institutions worldwide. For example, a team from the University of Guelph in Canada, summarized their novel stool substitute transplant therapy research. The team treated two patients with Clostridium difficile using a bacterial strain cocktail in an attempt to alleviate this difficult infection of the lower GI tract. Other innovative genomic research approaches are also featured in the first issue.

The journal includes a new section, "Microbiome Announcements," that will contain short reports describing microbiome datasets and their associated clinical or environmental data.

Jacques Ravel, is a professor of microbiology and immunology and associate director for genomics at the Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. IGS scientists have pioneered studies in microbiome research and are continuing to be at the forefront of the human microbiome project. Eric Wommack, is a professor of environmental microbiology in the Departments of Plant and Soil Sciences, Biological Sciences, and the College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment at the University of Delaware.

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Genome scientists launch Microbiome journal