Category Archives: High Seas

In this, the longest piece ever published on ExplorersWeb, we profile in no particular order the 100 figures who have most influenced adventure in the last century.

Some achieved their standing from one visionary accomplishment, others from an exceptional body of work. There are kayakers, polar travelers, mountaineers, ocean rowers, cavers, astronauts, archaeologists, aviators, and more.

You may find some of your personal favorites missing from this list. In some cases, this may have been simply an oversight. In others, we deemed that certain obscure figures had contributed more than others who were perhaps more famous.

All 100 have pushed the limits of their chosen fields, set a standard of excellence, and made the world better known.

Speciality: Arctic Exploration, Anthropology

Best known for: The Thule expeditions

Knud Rasmussen is a throwback to the wild days of exploration, when hardy fellows went on adventures to learn about the blank spots on the map and the people who inhabited them. This is probably why Rasmussen wont feature on many lists of explorers, as his legacy is one of knowledge over athletic achievement.

Son of a missionary, Rasmussen spent his early years in Greenland immersing himself in the local language, driving dog sleds, hunting, and picking up the dark arts of travel in the cold. Following some early expeditions at the turn of the 20th century, Rasmussen cemented his place in history with The Thule Expeditions, a series of polar exploration and ethnographic expeditions from 1912-1933. Most focused on Greenland, but the fifth and perhaps greatest of the Thule expeditions covered nearly 20,000 miles between Greenland and Siberia, including the first European dogsled journey across the Northwest Passage.

For this and his resulting ethnographic works, Rasmussen has been dubbed the Father of Eskimology. Although never formally educated, Rasmussens contribution to anthropology, polar exploration, and knowledge of the native people of the Arctic is recognized globally.

Specialty: Ocean expeditions

Best known for: Crossing the Pacific Ocean on a raft

In 1947, Thor Heyerdahl and a small crew spent three-and-a-half months traveling across the Pacific Ocean. What makes this journey stand out is they did it on a raft. Heyerdahl was fascinated by how Pacific inhabitants had reached the remote Pacific islands. To test a theory (since discredited) that they came from South America, he built the Kon-Tiki, a balsa raft from natural Peruvian materials. They sailed from Peru to Polynesia to prove it was possible.

He carried out two further expeditions, this time opting for reed boats. The first was a crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, from Morocco to Central America. Again, this was to prove a theory, that the Egyptians might have influenced pre-Columbian cultures.

Next was a 4,000km voyage down the Tigris River and the Persian Gulf, across the Arabian Sea and into the Red Sea. It took four months. This time he wanted to establish the possibility that ancient Sumerians may have used similar methods to spread their culture.

Specialty: High-altitude climbing

Best known for: New routes and first winter ascents on 8,000ers, second to complete all 14 of them, and fastest to climb them before the age of fixed ropes

The Polish trailblazer, lord of winter, Jerzy Kukuczka, climbed all the 14 8000ers in seven years, 11 months, and 14 days. He held the record for 27 years.

Kukuczka was one of the Polish Ice Warriors. He climbed four of his 14 8,000ers in winter. Three of them were first winter ascents, and he completed two of them in one season. Likewise, he summited 10 of his 14 8,000ers via a new route, a record that remains unbroken.

While many remember the race between Kukuczka and Messner to bag all 14 8000ers, both climbers pursued excellence on each climb, rather than mere speed. While Messner had a more individual approach to expedition planning, Kukuczka was a team player. But even as a member of large Polish expeditions, he left his imprint. He forged on when others turned back. He achieved nearly all his 8,000m summits on the first attempt, without the luxury of broken trails, fixed ropes, and well-equipped camps. Kukuczca was simply not interested in routes climbed previously by others, or in playing for low stakes. He only used oxygen on the highest section of the new Polish route on Everest.

Kukuczka has a long list of accomplishments. He soloed Makalu in alpine style via a new route in 1981. Together with Tadeusz Piotrowski, he opened a new route alpine style on K2, which has yet to be repeated. Also, he blazed new routes on Gasherbrum I, Gasherbrum II, Broad Peak, Manaslu, Shishapangma, and Annapurna. He climbed Nanga Parbat via the previously unclimbed SE Pillar and Everests South Pillar.

Kukuczka died while climbing the mightly South Face of Lhotse. Leading a pitch at 8,200m, with a 2,000m drop below his feet, he fell. The second-hand rope he had bought at a market in Kathmandu snapped.

In the 21st century, Kukuczkas records may be beaten on paper, but they wont be equaled because the world has changed. While the mountains remain, technology, logistics, and climbing style have changed the game.

Specialty: Alpinism, High-altitude climbing

Best known for: First to climb all 14 8,000ers and climbing them without supplementary oxygen

High-altitude mountaineerings most famous name for the last 50 years, Messner remains a strong voice in the mountaineering community at age 77. Born in South Tyrol (northern Italy but German-speaking), he broke boundaries on the Himalayan giants. In 1978 with Peter Habeler, he made the first ascent of Everest without supplementary O2. At the time, it was considered impossible for a human to survive at Everests summit altitude, but Messner was determined to climb the mountain by fair means or not at all. Two years later, he made the first solo ascent, from Tibet and in full monsoon season.

He cut his teeth in the Dolomites, quickly progressed to the Alps, the Andes, and finally to the Himalaya. Yet his first ascent of an 8,000er was wrapped in drama. A member of a large expedition up Nanga Parbats huge Rupal Face, Messner and his younger brother Gunther continued when the rest of the team retreated. They had to descend in a blizzard, down the unexplored Diamir Face. Messner lost seven toes but Gunther never made it down.

Messner has tried to climb in what he considers a respectful style, lightweight expeditions, pioneering new routes, and always without supplemental gas. Of his 14 8,000ers, he climbed five via new routes.

Specialty: Polar Travel

Best known for: First confirmed dogsled journey to the North Pole without resupplies

American Will Steger is one of the leading figures of modern Arctic and Antarctic travel, with a particular focus on dogsled travel. Steger made the first confirmed dogsled journey to the North Pole (without resupply) in 1986, completed a 2,500km traverse of Greenland in 1988, and then made the first dogsled traverse of Antarctica in 1989, a 5,500km slog across the coldest continent.

As well as giving lectures and writing, Steger has focused in recent decades on climate change advocacy. In 2006, he started the Will Steger Foundation to engage people about climate change solutions.

Specialty: Polar Travel

Best known for: First solo unsupported crossing of Antarctica

Without question the finest modern polar adventurer, and perhaps the best ever. In the 1990s, Ousland bagged most of the remaining polar firsts. These included the first unsupported full-length trek to the North Pole with Erling Kagge, the first solo and unsupported full-length trek to the North Pole, and the first solo crossing of Antarctica.

To pull off these feats, the reserved Norwegian prepared meticulously, innovated with equipment (i.e. a drysuit for Arctic Ocean swimming), and carefully selected only the best expedition partners. Formerly a member of the Norwegian special forces, Ousland has combined his physical and mental resilience with a keen eye for detail.

Ouslands most impressive expeditions have come in recent years. In 2006, he made the first unsupported full-length winter trek to the North Pole with the irrepressible Mike Horn (also featured on this list). In 2019, Ousland and Horn teamed up again to cross the Arctic Ocean by boat and ski in autumn-winter. Ousland declared this his greatest achievement, and Horn reckoned that it was the hardest expedition he had ever done.

Specialty: High Altitude Mountaineering

Best known for: The first summit of Mount Everest

This duo, one of the finest-ever expedition pairings, needs little introduction. On May 29, 1953, New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Nepali Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers to summit Mount Everest, as part of the ninth British expedition. Their feat made the world stop and draw its breath for just a moment.

Hillary and Tenzing were originally slated as the second summit pairing. They got bumped up when Bourdillon and Evans turned around just 100m shy of the top because of a faulty valve in Evans bottled oxygen. Norgay had worked on more Everest expeditions than anyone else over the previous decade, and the pair had all the experience required.

The partnership of the wily, tough Kiwi and the dependable, powerful Sherpa reflected a rapidly changing world. Feted globally for their achievement, Hillary went on to take part in 10 further Himalayan expeditions, Antarctic travels, and major philanthropic work in Nepal. Norgay went on to become the first Director of Field Training of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute and founded a trekking company.

Specialty: Travel writing and photography

Best known for: Spending seven years among the Madn tribe

Wilfrid Thesiger spent his childhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and said that this is where his lifelong love of travel and adventure came from. After serving in World War II, he returned to a life of exploration.

In November 1945, he completed a two-month crossing of the Rubal-Khali in the Arabian Peninsula, with Bedouin guides. Thesiger had been sent to the region by the British Middle East Anti-Locust Unit to find the source of locust infestations. But Thesiger had no intention of leaving after a few months. Instead, he stayed in the area for four years, exploring by camel.

He then traveled to Iraq, where he became the first European to make observations of life in the southern marshlands. He spent seven years with the Madn tribe, immersing himself in their way of life. An unusual skill allowed him to gain access to a number of villages and ethnic groups during his time there: He was quite skilled at performing circumcisions. He traveled with western medicines to treat injuries and began carrying out the procedure. In his seven years there, he is said to have done over 6,000 circumcisions.

After Iraq, he traveled around Afghanistan. He then settled in Kenya before ill health forced him back to England. He wrote multiple books on his years of exploration and documented them all through photography. His book, Arabian Sands, is one of the all-time great travel narratives. After his death, his collection of over 38,000 photos was donated to the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford.

Specialty: Arctic travel

Best known for: One of the longest-ever dogsled journeys

You likely havent heard of A.H. Joy. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officer flourished in the 1920s and early 1930s, a time when Canada was scared of losing control of its High Arctic islands to other nations. To make a statement, RCMP posts were set up in isolated locations. Every spring, the officers made sovereignty patrols by dogsled to strengthen the countrys claim to the territory. They covered thousands of kilometers without incident, thanks largely to the Greenland Inuit who hunted food for them. It is ironic that Greenland/Denmark, one of Canadas chief rivals at the time, supplied the manpower to make these patrols succeed.

Joy was the greatest of the RCMP travelers in this era. He did several mammoth journeys in the late 1920s. On his greatest patrol, he dogsledded 4,000km in three months in 1929 from Devon Island to Melville Island and back to an RCMP post on Ellesmere Island. No drama, no frostbite, nothing bad happened. It was a tour de force of competent travel.

Eventually, Joy was promoted to a desk and sent south, away from his beloved Arctic. He killed himself the night before his wedding day, in the prestigious Chateau Laurier hotel in Ottawa.

Specialty: Arctic travel

Best known for: Guiding explorers for over 20 years

The Tenzing Norgay of the High Arctic, Nukapinguaq guided almost every white expedition between 1915 and 1937. Among many others, he accompanied A.H. Joy on his epic sovereignty patrol to Winter Harbour on Melville Island. No one ever went hungry on one of Nukapinguaqs expeditions. He was the greatest traveler the High Arctic has ever known.

His prime coincided with the era of great long-distance expeditions. In one five-year period, he covered 9,000km.

In 1953, aged 60 but still extremely spry, Nukapinguaq and his wife spent a winter on central Ellesmere Island. A new RCMP post had just opened, but times and personnel had changed. In a bitter irony, the constables reminded Nukapinguaq a key figure in the sovereignty patrols of the 1920s and 1930s that it was illegal for Greenlanders to hunt in Canada.

Photo: Chris Bonington

Specialty: High-altitude climbing

Best known for: Everest Southwest Face, pure alpine style

We have chosen Doug Scott as the representative from a group of visionary British climbers who trail-blazed a pure alpine style on big walls around the world.

He took part in some 50 major expeditions, driven by new routes, high difficulty, and ingenuity. Thirty of these expeditions culminated in first ascents.

Scott gained fame after his excellent first ascent of the SW Face of Everest with Dougal Haston in 1975. They summited but had to spend the night 100m below the summit, with no tent or sleeping bag. They made it back alive and with all their toes and fingers.

But theres a world of mountains beyond Everest, and Scott took the best from it. He pioneered routes in Kenya, Baffin Island, and elsewhere in the Himalaya. He was part of the unparalleled first ascent to Shishapangmas South Face in the purest alpine style, and the ascents on Pakistans Ogre and Indias Shivling, together with Chris Bonington.

Scott continued to climb while he could move his legs. His last activity, sick with cerebral cancer and in full lockdown from the COVID pandemic, was climbing the stairs of his home, dressed in high-altitude attire and ice-ax in hand, to raise funds for a Nepal-based charity. He passed away some months later, aged 79.

Specialty: Sea kayaking

Best known for: Solo kayak across the Pacific Ocean, from California to Hawaii

In June 1987, Ed Gillet set out to kayak from California to Hawaii. It is a journey no kayaker has been able to replicate, despite multiple attempts. Over 64 days, he paddled across the Pacific Ocean in an off-the-shelf, 20-foot Tofino double kayak. Arriving three weeks later than planned, his family and authorities were sure he had perished.

Before GPS devices and satphones, Gillet relied on thrice-daily sextant readings to find his way. The journey was rife with challenges. His rudder broke in the first week, he lost crucial gear to rough seas, open sores spread over his body and forced him to take sedatives, with side effects that included panic attacks and depression. His food ran out after 60 days. For the final four days, he survived on bits of toothpaste.

Thirty years after the legendary journey, Dave Shively convinced Gillet to let him write a book of his story. In 2013, The Pacific Alone was published.

Specialty: Astronaut

Best known for: The first man to walk on the moon

On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong uttered the words, Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind, as his boot touched the surface of the moon. Alongside Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins, he spent four days in Apollo 11 before landing near the southwestern edge of the Sea of Tranquillity.

Armstrong was the first to walk on the moon. He and Aldrin left Apollo 11 for over two hours to explore, collect samples, and take photographs.

Armstrong joined the space program in 1962, and walking on the moon was not his only world first. In 1966 he was the command pilot of Gemini 8 and completed the first manual space-docking maneuver. Throughout his career, he was at the forefront of space exploration. After the moon landing, he moved out of the spotlight. He was not interested in being a public figure. He resigned from NASA in 1971 and moved into the academic world as a professor of aerospace engineering.

Specialty: Rock Climbing, Mountaineering

Best known for: Exploratory first ascents

American mountaineer Fred Beckey was once called the most accomplished climber of all time. Leading alpinist Colin Haley suggests that the volume of climbing he has done, near and at the cutting edge, is leagues beyond anyone else. When World War II was in full swing and most peoples attention was focused on battles outside the mountains, two teenage brothers from Seattle, Fred and Helmy Beckey, were quietly making a harrowing second ascent of Mount Waddington in British Columbia. No other human was to step atop Waddington for the next 35 years, such is its difficulty.

Fred Beckeys drive for difficult and audacious climbs prompted him to make first ascents of remote peaks all across America and around the world, as far back as the 1930s and, even more astonishingly, well into the 2000s. Beckey shunned a conventional family life to dedicate himself to the mountains, and live the life of a climbing dirtbag. He probably made more first ascents of mountains and climbing routes than any other explorer in history.

Beckey was also a scholar of the mountains. He had an encyclopedic knowledge of thousands of peaks around the globe. He took a keen interest in geology and the environment before it became popular to do so. This translated into a literary legacy of 13 books, which have inspired successive generations of climbers. Beckey defiantly continued climbing until he passed away in 2017 at the age of 94.

Specialty: Maritime archaeology

Best known for: Discovering the Titanic shipwreck

In 1985, Robert Ballard solved a mystery; Where was the Titanic? The ship sank in 1912 but despite numerous attempts over seven decades, its location eluded everyone.

Though this is what he is best known for, finding the Titanic was not his goal. He was testing a new submersible he designed and this was just an exciting way to test its capabilities.

Ballard was a pioneer in the field of oceanography and submersibles. He developed multiple submersibles and discovered thermal vents in the Galapagos Rift and submarine volcanoes on the Pacific Rise.

The rest is here:

100 Great Explorers of the Last 100 Years Explorersweb - ExplorersWeb

MINDFUL of the governments ventilate diktat, I spent this August outdoors enjoying the Isle of Wights bright and breezy resorts.

To keep things even fresher, a friend and I worked our way around all the adventure golf courses, starting at Peter Pans. Creating our own 'Isle of Wight Ryde-r Cup,' as it were.

More than once during the series we teed off under the cyclopsian gaze of a fibreglass pirate. On several links we putted in a simulated primaeval landscape populated with plastic reptiles.

It made me wonder, is it just an Isle of Wight affectation to incongruously associate dinosaurs with mini-golf? And pirates? What have these renegades of the high seas got in common with this novelty game? Cut-throat competition, a cheeky yell of avast behind, and pieces of eight(teen), perhaps.

We chipped round Easter Island heads at Puckpool, and shined at the futuristic neon Caddyshack golf at Shanklin. Further along the seafront, we snicked our way alongside luminous green primordial soup which flowed at Jurassic Bay Adventure Golf. At the adjacent Pirate Cove we clubbed our balls under a scarlet waterfall, as it cascaded into rivers of blood.

Although the volcano at Sandham Gardens was inactive the day we visited, a competitive old geezer ahead of us vented playful frustration at the trouncing he was getting from his grand-daughter.

I have a photo of myself from 1989, attempting to launch a competent putt at the rocket hole of the vintage course at Rylstone Gardens. More than 30 years later, I still couldnt master it.

Watching my ball skitter wildly on the lunar-like concrete base while sucking on his pipe, the proprietor of Shanklins oldest golf course informed me that these very obstacles were played in the film Thatll Be the Day.

Lets hope its stars, tousled ballardeer David Essex, and Ringo Starr, the man who put the beat into the Beatles, had better luck than me.

My tournament partner and I cracked our balls past dinosaur eggs and bleached bones under the swaying seats of the Alum Bay chair-lift. We clambered over temple ruins at Sandown Piers magnificent multilevel Lost World Adventure Golf, while a synthesised thunderstorm clattered overhead, matching the summer deluge outside.

Our decider was played a fair way from home, in Leicester. Rather creatively, part of the citys regeneration has seen a huge retail unit repurposed into an all-weather adventure golf facility with integrated bar so that the loser can buy a round.

No dinosaurs or pirates in the Midlands; we duelled on the Tropical Trail. I reckon they shouldve called it the urban jungle. For the record, I won that match and therefore the entire contest.

Did I mention who my competitor was? Actor David Bradley, who starred as Billy Casper in the 1970 British film Kes. So I can legitimately say that I beat Billy Casper at golf just not THAT* Billy Casper!

*William Billy Casper is an American professional golfing legend; one of the most prolific tournament winners from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s.

See the article here:

Playing a round on the Isle of Wight's great adventure golf courses - Isle of Wight County Press

KOTA KINABALU: People in Sabah, especially those living in flood prone and flooded areas, have been reminded to stay on high alert in view of the inclement weather that has caused floods in at least five districts in the state on Sunday (Jan 2).

Sabah Chief Minister Datuk Seri Hajiji Noor said safety should be placed as the utmost priority.

"Therefore, I urge everyone to take extra precautions. The state government will also ensure that all agencies throughout the state are ready to spring into action when necessary," he said.

He said the State Disaster Management Committee has activated 14 temporary evacuation centres in the affected districts.

As of 4pm Sunday, a total of 1,249 victims from 432 families have been evacuated to the various temporary shelters in Telupid (two shelters), Kota Marudu (seven), Paitan (two), Beluran (one), Sandakan (one) and Pitas (one).

Hajiji said security forces have been instructed to go to the affected areas as well as placed on standby in high-risk areas to assist victims.

"Emergency food aids are also being prepared for distribution to the flood victims as soon as possible by the relevant agencies," he said.

He assured that at the moment, the people's safety was the utmost priority of the government.

On Dec 29, Hajiji had instructed all disaster management committees in the state to be activated in anticipation of bad weather in the east coast and northern part of the state as forecasted by the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia).

The Chief Minister said he would be attending the post-North-East Monsoon Flood Disaster Management Task Force special meeting virtually.

The meeting is expected to be chaired by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob on Monday (Jan 3).

Sabahs bad weather, including continuous rains, strong winds and rough seas, are expected to continue until Jan 4.

Read more:

Floods: Sabahans reminded to stay on high alert as bad weather continues - The Star Online

A swimmer cools off in Auckland's Parnell Baths amid the New Year heatwave. Photo / Alex Burton

How's the heat, New Zealand?

If it feels warmer out there than your typical January, that's because there's been much more to this heatwave than a bit of classic summery weather.

On Sunday, Invercargill and Taumaranui registered their second hottest days on the books - 32.2C and 32C respectively while many other spots sizzled with highs in the late 20s and early 30s today.

MetService forecaster Mmathapelo Makgabutlane said much of the heat was owed to a ridge of high pressure currently parked over the country.

"That's just stagnant air that is not really going anywhere," she said.

"There's also a lot of subsidence as well. That's air from the upper atmosphere sinking down toward the surface and, as it descends, it warms up.

"If that process has been happening for days, then one would expect temperatures to be quite warm at the surface."

Climate scientist Professor Jim Salinger, who is leading a team of researchers observing conditions this summer, explained how these conditions were set against a backdrop of several major and influential climate drivers.

One was New Zealand's second consecutive La Nia.

During these naturally-occurring systems, ocean water spanning from the coast of South America to the central tropical Pacific cooled to below average - a result of stronger than normal easterly trade winds, which churned cooler, deeper seawater up to the ocean's surface.

This unusually cool water in the eastern Pacific then suppressed cloud, rain, and thunderstorms, as sea temperatures in the far west of the ocean warmed.

Here in New Zealand, we could usually expect more north-easterly winds that bring rainy conditions to North Island's northeast, and drier conditions to the south and southeast of the South Island.

Thanks to the northeasterly winds, warmer temperatures also tended to play out over much of the country during La Nia - as had been delivered this season.

Salinger said another phenomenon that often accompanied La Nia - warmer seas had similarly been strikingly apparent.

What is "Significantly hot"?On days like this (i.e. hot!), you may see information about temperatures presented a...

Late last year, coastal waters warmed to a state similar to that seen over the summer of 2017-18, which went down as New Zealand's hottest ever.

Seas around the country were still running abnormally hot - particularly in Hawke's Bay (3C above average), and Wairarapa, the Bay of Plenty, and Auckland's west coast (2C).

When high-pressure systems like this one brought settled weather and little wind, that translated to less churn and mixing in our seas, and more warmth at the surface, which in turn helped drive heat on land.

Salinger singled out three further factors.

One was that the Southern Annular Mode, or SAM a ring of climate variability that encircles the South Pole, but stretches far out to our own latitudes had spent long stints in a positive phase.

When this happened, westerly winds blew farther south over the southern oceans, while New Zealand saw lighter winds and sunnier skies.

"It means we get blocking anti-cyclones across southern New Zealand and that's what we're seeing at the moment."

A separate climate indicator, called the tripolar index, had been in a negative phase, which encouraged La Nias and sea surface temperatures around New Zealand to be above average.

"Plus, we've got global warming. Compared with the 1870s, temperatures right now are one and a half degrees warmer."

Amid the hot weather, MetService has been issuing online alerts as part of a new pilot project to develop New Zealand's first-ever early warning system for extreme heat.

Makgabutlane said the alerts based on local temperature thresholds just developed by scientists - had already been noted by many Kiwis in sweltering spots this week.

"Most of it has been people noticing the amped-up wording that we've been using," she said.

"The phrase 'significantly hot' got quite a lot of attention yesterday, which I guess is a good thing, because we were trying to let people know that it was going to be quite warm for most of the country."

For those eager for respite from the scorching temperatures, MetService was forecasting a mid-week change brought on by a weak front moving up the South Island.

For eastern spots like Ashburton and Timaru, that could see the mercury dip from the mid-20s to highs of 16C on Thursday.

By week's end, most places in the North Island could expect highs in the low to mid-20s.

The rest is here:

NZ swelters: The science behind our heatwave - New Zealand Herald

NASSAU, BAHAMAS The Ministry of Transport and Housing advised yesterday that the government is seeking legal guidance regarding the collision and sinking of a gas tanker in waters north-northwest of New Providence last week.

In a statement on the matter, the ministry said it received information regarding a collision between the yacht Utopia IV and the gas tanker Tropic Breeze at approximately 10.10 pm on Thursday.

It advised that the Royal Bahamas Defence Force (RBDF) was informed of the incident and dispatched a vessel to assist the crew on the yacht who were intercepted by a passing vessel, the Amara.

The RBDF then received a report at 12.39 am that the yacht had started taking on water and was making its way to Prince George Wharf.

The Harbour Patrol Unit was informed and sent a vessel to escort the latch around 1.26 am.

The attorney generals office has been consulted for legal guidance on this matter, the statement said.

The Port Department has begun a formal investigation into the incident, and the Department of Environmental Health is also conducting a review of the environmental impact. These activities are currently underway.

The statement added that an update will be provided upon completion of the investigation.

Maritime Management LLC reported that a ship under its management, the M/T Tropic Breeze, was struck at 10.03 pm by superyacht M/Y Utopia IV.

The 160ft tanker ship sunk after being rear-ended by a 207-foot superyacht.

The tanker was traveling en route to Great Stirrup Cay when the collision occurred and the stern of the vessel was pierced, causing it to sink to the ocean floor at an estimated depth of 2,000 feet.

The seven-member crew of the Tropic Breeze was uninjured, having been rescued and safely returned to a company-owned facility on shore.

The tanker could not be safely salvaged, according to officials.

The ships cargo reportedly included LPG, Marine Gas and automotive gas.

Maritime Management advised that the relevant Bahamian authorities have been notified and they will work with all stakeholders to ensure the best outcomes with minimal environmental impact.

Read the rest here:

DISASTER ON THE HIGH SEAS: Govt seeking legal advice over sunken gas tanker - EyeWitness News

Initiative seeks to revive fortunes of iconic species.

An ambitious project is harnessing the power of technology to finally reveal the secret lives of wild Atlantic salmon backed by 400,000 from the Scottish Government.

Atlantic salmon start their lives in streams and rivers, before migrating to the high seas to grow and return home to spawn, connecting vast ranges of diverse habitats.

Little is known about the migration routes of wild salmon as they leave our rivers, but they travel large distances to feeding grounds in the North Atlantic and Scottish salmon can be found in areas ranging from the seas off West Greenland to the Norwegian sea.

A number of factors, including climate change, has seen the species in serious decline across recent decades and the West Coast Tracking Project is part of a broad range of measures being used to build the resilience of the iconic species.

The multi-year initiative, sees highly trained biologists, some from west coast fisheries trusts, tagging young salmon with miniature acoustic transmitters, each with its own unique signature, as their migration begins.

Strategically placed receivers record the signal from each tag, allowing the progress of individual fish to be tracked if they pass multiple listening sites.

The information will fill key gaps in knowledge of salmon smolts as they migrate from fresh water through the key area of the coastal zone and will be combined with data such as sea lice distribution and ocean currents.

This will provide a strong evidence base to inform aquaculture planning and regulation, as well as informing decisions on locating offshore renewable installations.

Rural Affairs Secretary Mairi Gougeon said: The revival of salmon populations and the habitats they depend on will provide multiple benefits to society and will play a significant role in our ambitions for the rural economy.

The suite of measures we are taking across Scotland underlines our commitment to tackling the twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss.

At the same time, we continue to argue for greater collective action across the international arena.

This project, which is managed by Atlantic Salmon Trust, Fisheries Management Scotland and Scottish Government directorate Marine Scotland, will continue for a second year with funding from the Scottish Government, industry representative body Salmon Scotland and private donations.

Mark Bilsby, CEO of the Atlantic Salmon Trust, said: The work delivered to understand how salmon smolts were migrating out from ten rivers in 2021 was a mammoth geographical and logistical challenge, met by the ground swell of support from people and organisations on the ground from those in the Solway Firth, to West Sutherland and across to the Outer Hebrides.

The funding from Scottish Government will enable the work to be developed in 2022 so that we have a greater understanding of how young salmon are using our coastal areas. This practical information is key so that we can better protect wild Atlantic salmon.

Dr Alan Wells, Chief Executive of Fisheries Management Scotland, said: We warmly welcome this further support for the West Coast Tracking Project. Information about wild salmon migration patterns will contribute to our understanding of, and ability to manage, interactions with marine developments, such as fish farms and marine renewables. The results from this crucial work will help to inform policy and regulation, including the regulatory framework for fish farms now under development by SEPA.

Tavish Scott, Chief Executive of Salmon Scotland, said: This is a welcome government investment that builds on the joint work between Salmon Scotland and Atlantic Salmon Trust. We want to understand the migratory patterns of wild fish based on good science. This collective work is about achieving that objective. Salmon Scotland looks forward to an update from the project managers on what we have learnt from the first year tracking of wild fish early in 2022.

Background

The tags transmit a high frequency ping at regular time intervals, every 18-38 seconds. The acoustic ping transmitted from each tag is unique to that tag, allowing individual fish to be tracked.

The acoustic fish tags have a battery life of approximately 77 days and continue to transmit the ping until the time when their battery runs out. This battery life covers the time from the salmon being tagged, moving downstream and out through coastal waters.

The pings transmitted by the tags are detected by acoustic receivers. The receivers in this study are placed on anchored buoys, ensuring they remain in their intended position throughout the study.

The receivers are able to detect pings released from fish tags up to 350m away, dependent on water conditions. The receivers have a battery life of up to 18 months.

The Scottish Governments Wild Salmon Strategy, delayed due to the pandemic, will publish early in 2022.

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Wild salmon tracking project - gov.scot - Scottish Government News

The upcoming sequel to the hit film The Piratesreleased new stills of EXOs Sehun and Chae Soo Bin!

The Pirates: Goblin Flag, the long-awaited sequel to the 2014 movie The Pirates, is a period action-adventure comedy about a group of fortune-seekers who take to the high seas searching for lost treasure.

Kang Ha Neulwill star in the film as Woo Moo Chi, a bandit leader who claims to be the top swordsman in Goryeo, whileHan Hyo Joowill star as the tough pirate captain and ship owner Hae Rang.Lee Kwang Soowill play Mak Yi, who dreams of becoming a pirate king, Sehunwill play Han Goong, a talented archer, Chae Soo Bin will play Hae Geum, a natural con artist, andKwon Sang Woowill play villain Boo Heung Soo, a rebel who also sets his sights on the lost treasure.

Sehuns character Han Goong has a taciturn personality and exceptional skills with a bow and arrow. He appears suddenly at every crucial moment to protect the pirate crew and aid them on their journey to find treasure. Han Goong is a reliable figure who is more faithful to Hae Rang than anyone else.

Through training, Sehun was able to master the difficult action scenes with archery as well as sword fighting. In the stills, Sehun depicts Han Goongs calm and reliable nature with his charismatic gaze.

Director Kim Jung Hoon commented, Han Goong is a silent figure who uses his exceptional martial arts skills to protect Hae Rang, and he really fits the image that actor Sehun has.

Having starred in projects including Where Stars Land, A Piece of Your Mind, and Sweet & Sour, Chae Soo Bin will widen her acting spectrum by transforming into con artist Hae Geum, whojoins Hae Rangs pirate crew following an unintentional accident. Hae Geum is a born swindler, using hersilver tongue and flashy personality to make people open up their wallets.

Chae Soo Bin will use diverse expressions and outfits to portray the comical yet refreshing elements of hercharacter while also showcasing adorable chemistry with Sehuns character Han Goong in the process. Director Kim Jung Hoon added, Viewers will be able to feel the joy of discovering a new charm they have yet to see anywhere else before through actress Chae Soo Bins new transformation.

The Pirates: Goblin Flagwill be released in 2022 over the Lunar New Year holiday. Check out a trailerhere!

While waiting, watch the original The Pirates film with subtitles:

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Also catch Sehun in his current drama Now We Are Breaking Up below!

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EXO's Sehun And Chae Soo Bin Bring Crucial Skills To The Crew In The Pirates Sequel - soompi

Rescue cutter Victory in heavy surf (USCG)

PublishedDec 26, 2021 3:12 PM by U.S. Coast Guard News

[By Daryl C. McClary, United States Coast Guard reserve retired]

At approximately 4:15 p.m., on Thursday, Jan. 12, 1961, Coast Guard Station Cape Disappointment, at the mouth of the Columbia River, received a radio call from Roy Gunnari, skipper of the fishing vessel Jana Jo. Gunnari advised that he was relaying a mayday call from the fishing vessel Mermaid, a 34-foot crab-fishing boat from Ilwaco, Wash., owned and operated by brothers Bert and Stanley Bergman.

While approaching the mouth of the Columbia River from the Pacific Ocean, the Mermaid lost its rudder near treacherous Peacock Spit. The strong ocean current and relentless southerly winds were drifting the Mermaid into waves breaking over the shallow spit and, without steerage, the vessel was helpless and doomed to capsize. To make matters worse, that afternoon the U.S. Weather Bureau issued gale warnings for the Washington and Oregon coasts. For winter, bar conditions were not particularly bad at the time, but winds as high as 60 miles-per-hour were predicted.

The 52-foot wooden motor lifeboat Triumph (MLB-52301). (U.S. Coast Guard)

Speed was of the essence if the small crab-fishing boat was to be saved from almost certain destruction. The Cape Disappointment Lifeboat Station immediately dispatched two search and rescue vessels: a 40-foot utility boat and a smaller, slower 36-foot motor lifeboat. It took a while, but the crew of the utility boat eventually located the Mermaid and took it into tow. The motor lifeboat crew remained close in proximity in case of an emergency. Meanwhile, the weather was rapidly deteriorating, as were surf conditions across the Columbia River Bar.

Neither Coast Guard rescue boat had enough horsepower to haul the rudderless Mermaid through the line of heavy rollers over the bar and into the rivers estuary. In addition, the 40-foot utility boat was designed for operations in protected waters, not extreme surf conditions. If capsized, the steel-hulled boat had no compartmentalization and would sink like a stone. On the other hand, the motor lifeboat was self-bailing and self-righting and could withstand the rigors of heavy surf-rescue conditions.

Due to the extremely hazardous sea conditions, the coxswain of utility boat, Darrell Murray, radioed Oregons Point Adams Lifeboat Station for assistance. The Coast Guard motor lifeboat Triumph, a powerful 52-foot lifeboat, rendezvoused with Murrays utility boat at approximately 7:00 p.m., and took up the tow. Relieved of the burden, Murrays utility boat followed at a distance with the motor lifeboat and began heading inland across the Columbia River Bar. While crossing the bar, however, a series of extremely large breakers capsized and sank Murrays utility boat. The Murray and his crew of two others successfully abandoned ship but were adrift at the mercy of breakers.

The motor lifeboat was also capsized by a series of heavy breakers, but stayed afloat. The 36-footers three-man crew located and rescued Murray and his crew of the 40-foot utility boat, came about and headed directly for the Coast Guard Lightship Columbia, which was anchored approximately seven miles west of the mouth of the Columbia River. During the rescue, the 36-foot lifeboat had developed a leak and its stern compartment was slowly filling with water. In addition, it had inadvertently collided with the capsized 40-foot utility boat, further damaging the 36-footers hull and exacerbating flooding in the stern compartment.

A 40-foot, Mark IV, Model 1 utility boat (UTB), similar to the type used in the ill-fated F/V Mermaid rescue. (U.S. Coast Guard)

A 36-foot motor lifeboat similar to the type used in the Mermaid rescue surfing through breakers. (U.S. Coast Guard)

Larry Edwards, coxswain of the 36-foot motor lifeboat, radioed the Point Adams Lifeboat Station. He advised the officer-in-charge, Chief Petty Officer Warren Berto, that Murrays 40-foot utility boat, the crew was safely aboard his lifeboat and, due to hull damage, they were heading directly for Lightship Columbia. Berto immediately dispatched two 36-foot motor lifeboats to the bar to lend assistance to the Triumph.

The lifesaving marker and 36-foot motor lifeboat on display at Coast Guard Station Yaquina Bay, Newport, Oregon (Historical Marker Database)

Aboard the Triumph, First Class Petty Officer John Culp, a boatswains mate, and his five-man crew were having serious difficulties. At 7:30 p.m., shortly after taking the Mermaid in tow, the four-inch towing hawser parted. The crew passed another towline to the fishing vessel, but after 15 minutes, that line also parted.

Shortly after 8:00 p.m., Culp radioed Point Adams Lifeboat Station that the Mermaid was drifting into the breakers on Peacock Spit and that the Triumph was going to attempt another rescue. At 8:13 p.m., local Coast Guard stations received a distress call from the Mermaid advising that the Triumph had capsized and the fishing vessel was drifting into the line of mountainous breakers on Peacock Spit. The Mermaid managed to rescue only one of the Triumphs crew, Engineman Joseph Petrin. Built of wood in 1935, the Triumph was not a self-bailing/self-righting design and had disappeared in the heavy surf.

Berto called the 13th Coast Guard District headquarters in Seattle, briefing the Rescue Control Center (RCC) of the dire situation. Seattle RCC ordered Coast Guard Cutters Yocona, moored at Astoria, Ore., and Modoc, moored at Coos Bay, Ore., to get underway to the Columbia River Bar.

Meantime, the 36-foot motor lifeboats Culp dispatched from Point Adams arrived on-scene in an attempt to rescue the two foundering vessels. Wind and rain made for extremely limited visibility and there was no sign of the Triumph or its crew. At 9:10 p.m., one 36-foot motor lifeboat located the Mermaid, managed to take the fishing boat under tow and proceeded toward the lightship Columbia to wait out the storm. Because of the high seas, however, the vessels made minimal progress. At 9:45 p.m., a giant wave broke over the fishing boat, parting the towline. Still aboard were the Bergman brothers, who owned the vessel, and survivor Petrin, whom they had rescued.

The other 36-foot motor lifeboat and the outbound freighter SS Diaz de Solis scanned the area with searchlights for 15 minutes, but the Mermaid had vanished in the heavy surf. Soon thereafter, the cutter Yocona arrived on-scene and, together with the two 36-foot lifeboats from Point Adams, continued to search for survivors. A Coast Guard Grumman UF-2G Albatross was dispatched from San Francisco to Coast Guard Air Station Port Angeles also joined in the search effort for a time, dropping illumination flares. Additional Coast Guard fixed-wing aircraft deployed from Port Angeles and continued dropping flares, but no survivors or bodies were seen.

After struggling through heavy seas for over an hour, the 36-foot motor lifeboat with all six crewmembers aboard arrived at the Columbia. With its after deck nearly awash, the motor lifeboat was moored to the lightships stern. However, on Friday at 5:45 a.m., the deck watch reported that the 36-foot motor lifeboat had foundered and disappeared beneath the waves.

After the loss of the Triumph, Cape Disappointment Lifeboat Stations commanding officer, Chief Petty Officer Doyle Porter, organized foot patrols along the Long Beach Peninsula, including state and local law enforcement agencies and civilian volunteers. At 10:45 p.m., on Thursday, Coast Guardsmen Junior Meyer and Grover Dillard, of the North Head Lighthouse Station, found Engineman Gordon Huggins struggling in the surf at Benson Beach, three quarters-of-a-mile north of the Columbia Rivers north jetty. Huggins was transported to the Ilwaco Hospital for medical attention.

At 2:30 a.m., on Friday, Jan. 13, 1961, Point Adams two 35-foot motor lifeboats returned. The cutter Yocona continued to patrol along the outer reaches of Peacock Spit until well after daybreak before returning to Astoria, but saw nothing.

At the Ilwaco Hospital, Huggins recounted his amazing tale of his survival. He was in the aft compartment below decks with a severe nosebleed when the Triumph capsized. The lifeboat made a hard roll to starboard (to the right side of the vessel) and Huggins flipped onto the compartment overhead with gear from the bosun locker falling around him. He attempted to open the watertight hatch, but it was jammed shut. Huggins recounted,

For about 15 minutes, I hung onto fixtures while the water continued to rise around me. The Triumph suddenly righted [it]self and I made my way amidships. I found [it] had shipped three or four feet of water and was wallowing in breakers 20 to 30 feet high. I checked the boat and found no sign of anyone aboard. The door to the forward compartment was warped fast and couldnt be opened, but there was no sign of anybody inside. I just hung on and prayed as the ship filled with water."

Huggins determined to remain aboard the powerless Triumph as long as possible. Triumph wallowed in the giant waves for about an hour and then made a steep roll, pitching Huggins into the water, and it vanished beneath the waves. Huggins was wearing his Mae West lifejacket but was thrown about in the heavy surf.

I dont remember much about the next 20 minutes, Huggins said. I was tossed and tumbled in the breakers and finally washed ashore on the sand somewhere. It felt good to be alive, but I couldnt help thinking about the other men.

Coast Guardsmen Meyer and Dillard heard Huggins cries for help, ran into the surf and hauled him onto the beach. Although battered and bruised, and suffering from hypothermia, Huggins survived the ordeal in relatively good condition. His boat, the waterlogged Triumph, eventually re-righted itself and washed ashore on the Long Beach Peninsula days after it capsized.

At 12:15 a.m., on Friday, a beach patrol found Culps body below North Head Lighthouse, not far from where Huggins had washed ashore. Culp was the last victim found by the patrol. The bow of the wrecked Mermaid as well as pieces of the Coast Guard boats were found washed up on Benson Beach, north of the North Head Lighthouse. However, no missing crewmen were among the wreckage. Searchers reported that 60 mile-per-hour southerly winds were creating breakers 30-feet high along the beach, making even the foot patrol hazardous.

The Coast Guards search for missing crewmembers continued for days. On Thursday, January 19th, the body of Bert Bergman was discovered washed up on the beach 100 yards north of Oysterville, approximately 18 miles north of the Columbia Rivers north jetty. On Friday, the 20th, a memorial service was held at the Coast Guards Captain-of-the-Port office at Pier 39 in Seattle for the surfmen who died attempting to rescue F/V Mermaids crew. The search operation was finally discontinued on the 26th.

Lone survivor of the 52-foot Triumph, Gordon Huggins attends an anniversary memorial service in 2018. (U.S. Coast Guard)

Culp was buried at Ocean View Cemetery in Warrenton, Ore., and was posthumously awarded the Coast Guard Gold Life Saving Medal and members of Triumphs crew who perished received Silver Life Saving Medals, as did survivor Huggins.

Bert Bergman was interred in the City Cemetery in Ilwaco, Wash. The six other survivors of the ordeal also received either lifesaving medals or letters of commendation. A plaque honoring the crew of the Triumph is affixed to a cement monument outside the Cape Disappointment Coast Guard Station.

The official motto of the Coast Guard is Semper Paratus, meaning Always Ready; the unofficial motto is You must go out, but you dont have to come back. In terms of fatalities and loss of lifesaving vessels and equipment, it was the worst disaster in the history of lifeboat stations serving the Pacific Northwest, and among the worst in Coast Guard rescue history.

This article appears courtesy of The Long Blue Line, and it appears in its original form here.

The opinions expressed herein are the author's and not necessarily those of The Maritime Executive.

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The 60th Anniversary of the Triumph-Mermaid Tragedy - The Maritime Executive

The civil search and rescue organisation SOS MEDITERRANEE Germany will be working under a new name as of January 1st, 2022. As SOS Humanity, the organisation founded in Berlin in 2015 wants to advocate for more humanity in the Mediterranean Sea. By summer 2022, it will operate a new, fast rescue ship, the Humanity, to save more people from drowning.

The name SOS Humanity signalizes that humanity is at risk of drowning in the Mediterranean Sea, explains Managing Director Maike Rttger. As SOS Humanity, we respond to distress calls, rescue people from distress at sea and provide humanitarian aid. The more than 1,500 children, women and men who drowned in the central Mediterranean this year are a humanitarian disaster and a political scandal. That is why our new name is also a statement and an appeal to politicians and the citizens of Europe not to accept the dying.

Based on six years of experience in civilian sea rescue in the central Mediterranean Sea, SOS Humanity wants to specifically supplement the civilian rescue fleet with a new, particularly fast ship and save more people from drowning. The start-up financing for the new ship, the Humanity, has been secured thanks to numerous donations from civil society, says project director Till Rummenhohl. As soon as we have bought the ship, the process of modification into a rescue ship will begin, because we want to be in operation with it by mid-2022.

While the nature of the future rescue missions with the Humanity and the values and goals of the organisation are not expected to change, the organisation wants to significantly strengthen its political work on land in the future: For years, civilian search and rescue organisations have been witnessing how international law is being violated through the EUs funding of the Libyan coast guard in the central Mediterranean, says Managing Director Maike Rttger. As SOS Humanity, we will denounce these abuses clearly and unequivocally.Because we need to save lives not only at sea but also on land, we will hold political decision-makers accountable for respecting the law of the sea and human rights.

SOS Humanity calls for change of political course The organisation founded by captain and historian Klaus Vogel as SOS MEDITERRANEE Germany is now able to evaluate the situation at sea as SOS Humanity, after six years of civilian search and rescue operations. It is not enough to provide purely humanitarian rescue and thus mitigate the deadly consequences of a failed migration policy, says Maike Rttger. That is why we are calling on the new German government to strongly advocate for a change of policy. The EUs inhumane policy of sealing off the borders must be ended. The funding of the Libyan coast guard, which intercepts refugees on the high seas and illegally returns them to Libya, must be stopped. Because in doing so, the EU states are circumventing their legal obligations and aiding and abetting breaches of international law.

This year, more than 32,000 refugees were towed back to Libya, where most of them are subjected to torture and other human rights violations in inhumane detention camps. While there is still no European search and rescue programme, over 18,700 people seeking protection have died at Europes external border in the central Mediterranean since 2014. The EU can and must prevent this, emphasises Maike Rttger.

Excerpt from:

SOS MEDITERRANEE Germany will rebrand itself from 2022 on as SOS Humanity in rescue operations Famagusta Gazette - Famagusta Gazette

The ocean is the most defining physical feature of Earth, covering 71 percent of the surface of this planet. It is home to incredible biodiversity, ranging from microscopic bacteria and viruses to the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale.

We still do not know how many species live in the ocean, but the disappearance of an increasing number of them suggests that mass extinction is taking place, perhaps at a faster rate than on land.

The stakes for ocean biodiversity have never been higher than they are this decade, and now more than ever, we need results. A widely promoted target is to bring 30 percent of marine area under protection by 2030 a major step that will contribute a great deal to marine biodiversity. But how can the world achieve it?

Saving the ocean will require a firm commitment from maritime countries. There will be no single solution but a mix of several approaches to be applied, and we dont have the luxury of time in which to do it.

One measure that can be enforced without delay is slashing any form of government incentive that supports unsustainable fishing. Instead, allocated funds should be invested in sustainable aquaculture.

Nature-based solutions that are historically rooted in sustainable conservation management, such as habitat-integrated fishing (a technique designed to preserve the ecosystem while fishing), are fundamentally important but cannot measure up to the challenge facing the ocean.

It is in this context that the application of emerging technologies and eco-engineering solutions become most relevant. Older technology has driven human capacity to exploit resources, but emerging technologies have the potential to undo some of the damage to the ocean ecosystem.

We will not meet biodiversity goals without harnessing new technologies. Photo: David Burdick/WorldFish, CC BY-NC-ND

There is currently no possibility of the world reaching the 30 percent target for marine protected areas (MPAs) with existing policies and systems of governance. Most countries have declared MPAs in their exclusive economic zones but due to poor enforcement the coverage, only 2.7 percent of the ocean can be considered highly protected.

The reason for this is simple: most countries cannot afford the large number of marine park rangers and navigational equipment required to enforce the protection of these areas.

But there is hope. Specific new technologies have enormous capacity to help the world reach its ocean targets.

These technologies include sensors, drones, robots and artificial intelligence, all of which can use real-time information on ocean conditions and human activities to respond at a speed never seen before.

Imagine a robotic fish equipped with sensors and AI collecting data in difficult-to-access ocean depths, or under rough conditions in the high seas, following marine creatures whose lifestyles are currently unknown to humans and detecting biodiversity hotspots, as well as sources of pollution and illegal fishing.

Other technology-driven solutions are already in use today.

Drones are increasingly used in real-time monitoring of ocean fisheries, including the operation of fishing vessels. Habitat mapping and thermal imaging using infrared cameras are currently being deployed to survey populations of Atlantic scallops and tracking of whales in their migration.

3D-printed corals and seawalls made up of sustainable and environmentally friendly tiles are already available and in use, while 3D-printed substrates offer a stable foundation for newly planted seagrass beds or coral reefs.

Deploying emerging technologies at scale can make a huge difference in exploring the ocean and protecting marine life.

Effectively enforced MPAs will contribute significantly to the replenishment of marine biodiversity and play a major role in rebuilding depleted fishery stocks and building resilience against the effects of climate change.

To take advantage of the promise of technology, we will need advanced systems and platforms to be put in place, and this requires budgetary allocations and international agreements.

The UN Convention on Biological Diversity contains five goals and 20 targets for preventing species loss, known as Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Conference of the Parties, which is the governing body of the convention, should now review the progress of these targets, determine the causes for failures in implementation and suggest how to address continued biodiversity loss with technology.

We need new governance structures and consensus on action and accountability. Countries need to be able to share information and verifiable data metrics to track progress on preserving ocean biodiversity. When all these activities and actions are in place, it will be nothing less than a revolution for the ocean.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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How to Prevent Mass Extinction in the Ocean With AI, Robots, and 3D Printers - TheInertia.com